This volume is intended as a "quick fix", allowing readers to look up information rapidly about various design types and statistical methods to see what the pros, cons, and indications for each are. Research implementation, including regulatory issues and grant writing, is also covered. The book is unique in physical medicine and rehabilitation, and with the increased emphasis on outcomes measurement and push toward a national agenda for disability research, will appeal both to investigators planning and executing studies and clinicians looking to better understand how the findings impact their practice.

Table of Contents

• Contributors
• Preface
• PART I: DESIGN
• 1. Development and Testing of Treatments - Eric Lenze, MD and John Whyte, MD, PhD
• 2. Qualitative Research - Elena Gillespie, PhD
• 3. Single-Case Experimental Designs - Robyn L. Tate, MPsychol, PhD and Michael Perdices, MA (ClinNeuropsychology), PhD
• 4. Studies of Associations - Michael Schönberger, PhD, Dipl.-Psych.
• 5. Observational Studies: Retrospective Versus Prospective - Brian Keogh, Jr, MD, and Katherine W. Stenson, MD
• 6. Historical Controls - Whitney Pratt, MD, PhD and Katherine W. Stenson, MD
• 7. Subject as Own Control - Lisa A. Lombard, MD
• 8. Longitudinal Cohort Versus Cross-Sectional Cohort Studies - Zachary Timothy Glynn Siegel, MD and Katherine W. Stenson, MD
• 9. Survey Research - Amanda Leigh Harrington, MD
• 10. Choice of Control Groups in Treatment Studies - Sureyya S. Dikmen, PhD
• 11. Randomization - Emilia Bagiella, PhD
• 12. Special Issues in Randomized Controlled Trials - Grace Handler and Michael L. Boninger, MD
• 13. Secondary Data Analysis - Kenneth J. Ottenbacher, PhD, OTR, James E. Graham, PhD, DC, and Amol Karmarkar, PhD, MPH, OTR
• 14. Scoping Study - Xinsheng Cai, PhD
• 15. Systematic Reviews - Naomi Lynn Gerber, MD and Xinsheng Cai, PhD
• 16. Meta-Analysis - Xinsheng Cai, PhD
• 17. Recommendations for Reporting Research Studies - Ronald T. Seel, PhD
• 18. Developing and Evaluating Systematic Reviews and Practice Guidelines - Ronald T. Seel, PhD
• PART II: STATISTICS
• 19. Introduction - Todd G. Nick, PhD and Christopher J. Swearingen, PhD
• 20. Types of Data - Maria S. Melguizo, MS and Marcus Wellen, MD
• 21. Descriptive Statistics - Todd G. Nick, PhD
• 22. Data Distributions - Maria S. Melguizo, MS and Marcus Wellen, MD
• 23. Samples and Populations - Maria S. Melguizo, MS and Marcus Wellen, MD
• 24. Visual Display of Data - Maria S. Melguizo, MS and Marcus Wellen, MD
• 25. Data Cleaning - Jingyun Li, MS
• 26. Missing Data and Imputation - Christopher J. Swearingen, PhD
• 27. Estimation - Mallikarjuna Rettiganti, PhD
• 28. Hypothesis Testing - Mallikarjuna Rettiganti, PhD
• 29. Sample Size and Power - Mallikarjuna Rettiganti, PhD
• 30. Comparing Matched Samples With Continuous-Type Outcomes: Two Groups - Ming Li, PhD
• 31. Comparing Independent Samples With Continuous-Type Outcomes: Two Groups - Ming Li, PhD
• 32. Comparing Independent Samples for Continuous-Type Outcomes: Three Groups or More - Ming Li, PhD
• 33. Correlation - Christopher J. Swearingen, PhD
• 34. Simple Linear Regression - Christopher J. Swearingen, PhD
• 35. Multiple Linear Regression - Christopher J. Swearingen, PhD
• 36. Longitudinal and Clustered Data - Mallikarjuna Rettiganti, PhD
• 37. Significance Tests: Categorical Data - Xinyu Tang, PhD
• 38. Measures of Effect Sizes for Categorical Outcomes - Todd G. Nick, PhD
• 39. Logistic Regression - Todd G. Nick, PhD and Chunqiao Luo, MS
• 40. Kaplan–Meier Estimator - Xinyu Tang, PhD
• 41. Log-Rank Test - Xinyu Tang, PhD
• 42. Proportional Hazards Model - Xinyu Tang, PhD
• 43. Sources of Error: Selection Bias, Information Bias, and Confounding - Jareen Meinzen-Derr, PhD, MPH and Laura Smith, MPH
• 44. Mediation Analyses - Bin Huang, PhD and Todd G. Nick, PhD
• 45. Epidemiology Study: Incidence and Prevalence - Jareen Meinzen-Derr, PhD, MPH and Laura Smith, MPH
• 46. Validity and Performance of Screening: Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, and Negative Predictive Value - Jareen Meinzen-Derr, PhD, MPH and Laura Smith, MPH
• 47. Statistical Tools for Agreement and Reliability Studies - Shasha Bai, PhD
• 48. Classical Test Theory - Jacob Kean, PhD and Jamie Reilly, PhD
• 49. Item Response Theory - Jacob Kean, PhD and Jamie Reilly, PhD
• PART III: IMPLEMENTATION - Grant Proposals
• 50. Successful Grant Applications - Flora M. Hammond, MD
• 51. Sources of Research Funding - James F. Malec, PhD
• 52. Planning Grants - Eric Lenze, MD
• 53. Developing the Idea With Stakeholder Input - John D. Corrigan, PhD
• 54. Research Questions, Hypotheses, Aims, and Abstract - Flora M. Hammond, MD
• 55. Reviewing the Literature - Dawn Neumann, PhD and Edward Garay, MD, PhD
• 56. Background and Significance - Flora M. Hammond, MD
• 57. Preliminary Studies and Experience - Flora M. Hammond, MD
• 58. Methods and Design - Kathleen R. Bell, MD
• 59. Types of Measures - James F. Malec, PhD
• 60. Letters of Support - James F. Malec, PhD
• 61. Budget and Budget Justification - LaMoria Patterson, BS and Rob Dimmitt, MBA, BS
• 62. Preaward Management - LaMoria Patterson, BS and Rob Dimmitt, MBA, BS
• PART IV: Conducting the Research
• 63. Post-Award Management - Rob Dimmitt, MBA, BS and LaMoria Patterson, BS
• 64. Good Clinical Practices - Shawn Axe, CIP and John R. Baumann, PhD
• 65. Research Misconduct - John R. Baumann, PhD, Shelley Bizila, MS, CIP, CCEP, and Rebecca Hopson, BA
• 66. Study Protocol - Flora M. Hammond, MD
• 67. Manual of Procedures - Flora M. Hammond, MD
• 68. Treatment Manuals - Kathleen R. Bell, MD
• 69. Participant Recruitment and Enrollment - Flora M. Hammond, MD
• 70. Participant Retention - Flora M. Hammond, MD
• 71. Data Collection - Elena Gillespie, PhD and Flora M. Hammond, MD
• 72. Case Report Forms - Marybeth Whitney, BSN, CRA and Flora M. Hammond, MD
• 73. Database Development - Emilia Bagiella, PhD
• 74. Data Dictionary - Emilia Bagiella, PhD
• 75. Data Management - Emilia Bagiella, PhD
• 76. Plan of Operation - Angelle M. Sander, PhD
• 77. Evaluation - Angelle M. Sander, PhD
• 78. Regulatory Binder and Essential Documents - Marybeth Whitney, BSN, CRA and Flora M. Hammond, MD
• 79. Adverse Events - Marybeth Whitney, BSN, CRA and Flora M. Hammond, MD
• 80. Protocol Deviations and Violations - Marybeth Whitney, BSN, CRA and Flora M. Hammond, MD
• 81. Data and Safety Monitoring - Emilia Bagiella, PhD
• 82. Multicenter Trials - Flora M. Hammond, MD
• 83. Site Monitoring and Oversight - Marybeth Whitney, BSN, CRA and Flora M. Hammond, MD