The third edition of the Encyclopedia of Toxicology presents entries devoted to key concepts and specific chemicals, and is updated to reflect current advances in the field. It contains new information on nanotoxicology, epigenetics, persistent organic pollutants, computational toxicology and bioinformatics, controversial chemicals, and much more.

Table of Contents

• Foreword
• Preface
• Preface to The Second Edition
• Preface to The First Edition
• Editor-in-Chief
• Associate Editors
• List of Contributors
• How to Use The Encyclopedia
• Acknowledgments
• Dedication
• A
• Absorption
• Academy of Toxicological Sciences
• Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
• Accutane
• Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
• Acenaphthene
• Acephate
• Acetaldehyde
• Acetamide
• Acetaminophen
• Acetamiprid
• Acetic Acid
• Acetone
• Acetonitrile
• Acetophenone
• Acetylaminofluorene
• Acetylcholine
• Acetylene
• Acetylsalicylic Acid
• Acids
• Acifluorfen, Sodium Salt
• Acrolein
• Acrylamide
• Acrylic Acid
• Acrylonitrile
• Acute Health Exposure Guidelines
• Adiponitrile
• Advances in Physiologically Based Modeling Coupled with In Vitro–In Vivo Extrapolation of ADMET: Assessing the Impact of Genetic Variability in Hepatic Transporters
• Adverse Outcome Pathways: Development and Use in Toxicology
• Aerosols
• A-esterase
• Aflatoxin
• Alachlor
• Alar
• Albuterol
• Alchemy
• Alcoholic Beverages and Health Effects
• Aldicarb
• Aldrin
• Algae
• Alkalies
• Alkyl Halides
• Allyl Alcohol
• Allylamine
• Allyl Formate
• Alpha Blockers
• Aluminosilicate Fibers
• Aluminum
• Aluminum Phosphide
• Amdro
• American Academy of Clinical Toxicology
• American Association of Poison Control Centers
• American Board of Toxicology
• American College of Medical Toxicology
• American College of Toxicology
• ACGIH® (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists)
• American Industrial Hygiene Association
• Americium
• Ames Test
• Aminobiphenyl, 4-
• Aminoglycosides
• Aminopyridine, 4- (4-AP)
• Amiodarone
• Amitraz
• Amitrole
• Ammonia
• Ammonium Nitrate
• Amphetamines
• Amyl Nitrite
• Anabolic Steroids
• Analytical Toxicology
• Ancient Warfare and Toxicology
• Androgens
• Anesthetics
• Aneuploidy
• Aniline
• Animal Models
• Animals, Poisonous and Venomous
• Animal Venoms in Medicine
• Anthracene
• Anthrax
• Anticholinergics
• Antidotes
• Antimony
• Antimony Trioxide
• Anxiolytics
• Apoptosis
• Aramite
• Aristolochic Acids
• Arsenical Vomiting Agents
• Arsenic
• Arsine
• Arts, Crafts, Theater, and Entertainment
• Asbestos
• Asia Pacific Association of Medical Toxicology (APAMT)
• Aspartame
• Astemizole
• Atrazine
• Atropine
• Avermectin
• Azamethiphos
• Azathioprine
• Azinphos-Methyl
• B
• Bacillus cereus
• Bacillus thuringiensis
• British Anti-Lewisite (BAL)
• Barbiturates
• Barium
• Batrachotoxin
• BCNU (Bischloroethyl Nitrosourea)
• Behavioral Toxicology
• Belladonna Alkaloids
• Benchmark Dose
• Benfluralin
• Benomyl
• Benz[a]anthracene
• Benzene
• Benzidine
• Benzo(a)pyrene
• Benzyl Alcohol
• Benzyl Benzoate
• Beryllium
• Beta-Blockers
• Beta-Propiolactone
• Bhopal Accident: Release of MIC
• Bifenthrin
• Biguanides
• Bioaccumulation
• Biocides
• Biocompatibility
• Biofuels
• Environmental Biomarkers
• Biomarkers, Human Health
• Biomonitoring
• Bioremediation
• Biotransformation/Metabolism
• Bio Warfare and Terrorism: Toxins and Other Mid-Spectrum Agents
• Bis (2-Methoxyethyl) Ether
• Bismuth
• Bisphenol A
• Bleach
• Blister Agents/Vesicants
• Blood
• Boric Acid
• Boron
• Botulinum Toxin
• Brodifacoum
• Bromacil and Its Lithium Salt
• Bromadiolone
• Bromethalin
• Bromine
• Bromobenzene
• Bromoform
• Bromotrichloromethane
• Busulfan
• Butadiene, 1,3-
• Butane
• Butter Yellow
• Button Batteries
• Butyl Acrylate
• Butylated Hydroxyanisole
• Butylated Hydroxytoluene
• Butyl Ether
• Butyl Nitrite
• Butylamines
• Butyraldehyde
• Butyric Acid
• Butyronitrile
• Butyrophenones
• BZ (3-Quinuclidinyl Benzilate): Psychotomimetic Agent
• C
• Cadmium
• Caffeine
• Calcium Channel Blockers
• Calomel
• Camphor
• Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents
• Cancer Potency Factor
• Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC), REACH
• Cannabinoids
• Captafol
• Captan
• Carbamate Pesticides
• Carbamazepine
• Carbaryl
• Carbofuran
• Carbon Dioxide
• Carbon Disulfide
• Carbon Monoxide
• Carbon Tetrabromide
• Carbon Tetrachloride
• Carbonyl Sulfide
• Carboxylesterases
• Carcinogen Classification Schemes
• Carcinogen–DNA Adduct Formation and DNA Repair
• Carcinogenesis
• Cardiovascular System
• Catecholamines
• CCA–Treated Wood
• Cell Cycle
• Cell Phones
• Cell Proliferation
• Centipedes
• Cephalosporins
• CERCLA; Revised as the Superfund Amendments Reauthorization Act (SARA)
• Cerium
• Cesium
• Charcoal
• Chemicals Alternatives Assessments
• Chemical Hazard Communication and Safety Data Sheets
• Chemical Interactions
• Chemical Safety Assessment
• Chemical Safety Assessment and Reporting Tool (Chesar), REACH
• Chemicals in Consumer Products
• Chemicals of Environmental Concern
• Chemical-Specific Adjustment Factor (CSAF)
• Chemical Warfare
• Chemical Warfare Delivery Systems
• Chernobyl
• Children’s Environmental Health
• Chloral Hydrate
• Chlorambucil
• Chloramphenicol
• Chlordane
• Chlordecone
• Chlordimeform
• Chlorfenvinphos
• Chlorination Byproducts
• Chlorine
• Chlorine Dioxide
• Chloroacetic Acid
• Chlorobenzene
• Chlorobenzilate
• Chlorodibenzofurans (CDFs)
• Chloroethane
• Chlorofluorocarbons
• Chloroform
• Chloromethane
• Chloromethyl Ether, Bis-
• Chlorophenols
• Chlorophenoxy Herbicides
• Chloropicrin
• Chloroprene
• Chloropropionitrile, 2-
• Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine
• Silicon Tetrachloride
• Chlorothalonil
• Chlorpheniramine
• Chlorpromazine
• Chlorpyrifos
• Chlorsulfuron
• Chlorzoxazone
• Choline
• Cholinesterase Inhibition
• Chromium
• Chromosome Aberrations
• Chrysene
• Ciguatoxin
• Ciprofloxacin
• Circadian Clock Effects/Chronotoxicology
• Cisplatin
• Clean Air Act (CAA), US
• Clean Water Act (CWA), US
• Clinical Chemistry
• Clofibrate
• Clostridium perfringens
• CN Gas
• Coal Tar
• Cobalt
• Cocaine
• Coke Oven Emissions
• Colchicine
• Combustion Toxicology
• Comet Assay
• Common Mechanism of Toxicity in Pesticides
• Coniine
• Consumer Product Safety Commission
• Contract Research Organizations
• Copper
• Corrosives
• Corticosteroids
• Cosmetics and Personal Care Products
• Cotinine
• Coumarins
• Creosote (Coal Tar Creosote and Wood Creosote)
• Cresols
• Criminal Enforcement of Environmental Laws
• Cromolyn
• Crotonaldehyde
• CS
• Cumene
• Cumulative (Combined Exposures) Risk Assessment
• Curare (d-Tubocurarine)
• Cuyahoga River
• Cyanamide
• Cyanide
• Cyanogen Chloride
• Cyclodienes
• Cycloheximide
• Cyclohexane
• Cyclohexene
• Cyclophosphamide
• Cyclosporine
• Cyfluthrin
• Cypermethrin
• Cysteine, N-Acetyl-l
• Cytochrome P450
• D
• 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid)
• Dacarbazine
• Dalapon
• Danthron
• DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)
• Decane
• DEET (Diethyltoluamide)
• DEF (Butyl Phosphorotrithioate)
• Deferoxamine
• Delaney Clause
• Deltamethrin
• D
• Department of Energy, US
• Derived Minimal Effect Level (DMEL)
• Derived No-Effect Level (DNEL)
• Detergent
• Developmental Toxicology
• Dextromethorphan
• Diacetyl
• Diaminotoluenes
• Diazinon
• Diazoaminobenzene
• Diazoxide
• Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
• Dibenzofuran
• Dibromochloropropane
• Dicamba
• Dicarboxylic Acid
• Dichlone
• Dichlorobenzene
• Dichloroethane, 1,2-
• 1,1-Dichloroethane
• 1,2-Dichloroethylene
• Dichloromethane
• Dichloropropene
• Dichlorvos
• Dieldrin
• Diesel Exhaust
• Diesel Fuel
• Dietary Restriction
• Dietary Sugar: Public Health Perspective
• Dietary Supplements
• Diethylamine
• Diethyl Ether
• Diethylene Glycol
• Diethylstilbestrol
• Diflubenzuron
• Difluoroethylene, 1,1-
• Digitalis Glycosides
• Dimethoate
• Dimethylaminoazobenzene
• Dimethyl Ether
• Dimethyl Sulfate
• Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)
• Dimethylmercury
• Dinitroanilines
• 1,3-Dinitrobenzene
• Dinitrophenols
• Dinitrotoluene
• Dinoseb
• Dioxane, 1,4-
• Dioxins
• Diphenhydramine
• Diphenylamine
• Diphenylhydrazine
• Diquat
• Distribution
• Disulfiram
• Disulfoton
• Dithiocarbamates
• Diuron
• DNA Phosphoramidites
• Dominant Lethal Assay
• Donora: Air Pollution Episode
• Dose–Response Relationship
• Drinking-Water Criteria (Safety, Quality, and Perception)
• Drug and Poison Information Centers
• Drug Regulations, Europe
• Drugs of Abuse
• Dyes and Colorants
• E
• ECHA (The European Chemicals Agency)
• Echinacea
• Ecological Exposure Limits and Guidelines
• Ecological Quality Standards (EQS) Global
• Ecotoxicology
• Ecotoxicology, Aquatic
• Ecotoxicology, Aquatic Invertebrates
• Ecotoxicology, Avian
• Ecotoxicology, Genetic
• Ecotoxicology, Terrestrial
• Ecotoxicology, Wildlife
• EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid)
• Effluent Biomonitoring
• Electromagnetic Fields
• Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)
• Emergency Response and Preparedness
• Endocrine System
• Endosulfan
• Endrin
• Environmental & Health Laws, Europe
• Environmental Advocacy (Non US)
• Environmental Exposure Assessment
• Environmental Fate and Behavior
• Environmental Health
• Environmental Hormone Disruptors
• Environmental Justice
• Environmental Processes
• Environmental Protection Agency, US
• Environmental Risk Assessment, Aquatic
• Environmental Risk Assessment, Cosmetic and Consumer Products
• Environmental Risk Assessment, Marine
• Environmental Risk Assessment, Pesticides and Biocides
• Environmental Risk Assessment, Secondary Poisoning
• Environmental Risk Assessment, Terrestrial
• Environmental Toxicology
• Eosinophilia–Myalgia Syndrome
• Ephedra
• Epichlorohydrin
• Epidemiology
• Epigenetics
• Ergot
• Erionites
• Erythromycin
• Escherichia coli
• Estrogens I: Estrogens and Their Conjugates
• Estrogens II: Catechol Estrogens
• Estrogens III: Phytoestrogens and Mycoestrogens
• Estrogens IV: Estrogen-Like Pharmaceuticals
• Estrogens V: Xenoestrogens
• Ethane
• Ethanol
• Ethanolamine
• Ethene
• Ethics: Ethical Issues in Toxicology
• Ethionine
• 2-Ethoxyethanol
• Ethyl Acetate
• Ethyl Acrylate
• Ethylamine
• Ethylbenzene
• Ethyl Bromide
• Ethyl Methanesulfonate
• Ethylene Glycol
• Ethylene Glycol Mono-n-Butyl Ether
• Ethyleneimine
• Ethylene Oxide
• Eugenol
• EU Risk Assessment Committees
• European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT), The
• European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals
• European Classification and Labeling (C&L) Inventory, The
• European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)
• European Medicines Agency (EMA), The
• European Union and Its European Commission
• EUROTOX
• Evidence-Based Toxicology
• Electronic Waste
• Excretion
• Exposome, The
• Eye Irritancy Testing
• F
• Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, US
• Fenthion
• Fenvalerate
• Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
• Fexofenadine
• Fipronil
• Fish Consumption Advisory
• Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association
• Fluometuron
• Fluoride
• Fluorine
• Folic Acid
• Folpet
• Food Additives
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
• Food and Drug Administration, US
• Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, US
• Food Quality Protection Act
• Food Safety and Toxicology
• Foreign Body Response
• Forensic Toxicology
• Formaldehyde
• Formamide
• Formic Acid
• Fracking
• Freons
• Fuel Oils
• Fuel Oxygenates
• Furan
• Furfural
• G
• Galactosamine
• Gallium
• Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication
• Gasoline
• Gastrointestinal System
• Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS)
• Genetically Modified Food/Organism
• Genetic Toxicology
• Cyclosarin (GF)
• Ginger Jake
• Global Chemicals Policy
• Global Climate Change and Environmental Toxicology
• Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labeling of the GHS
• Global Public Health and Toxicology
• Glutathione
• Glyceraldehyde
• Glycerol
• Glycidol
• Glycol Ethers
• Glyphosate
• Gold
• Good Clinical Practice (GCP)
• Good Laboratory Practices
• Gossypol
• Graphical Depictions of Toxicological Data
• Great Smog of London
• Green Chemistry
• G-Series Nerve Agents
• Guaifenesin
• H
• H1-Blockers
• Hair
• Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, The
• Hazard Identification
• Import/Export of Hazardous Chemicals
• Hazardous Waste
• Health Assessments
• Heat-Shock Proteins
• Helium
• Hemocompatibility
• Heparin
• Heptachlor
• Heptane
• Heptanone
• hERG (Human Ether-a-Go-Go Related Gene)
• Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines
• Hexabromocyclododecane
• Hexachlorobenzene
• Hexachlorobutadiene
• Hexachlorocyclohexanes Including Lindane
• Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
• Hexachloroethane
• Hexachloronaphthalene
• Hexachlorophene
• Hexamethylene Diisocyanate
• Hexane
• 2-Hexanone
• High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals
• High Temperature Cooked Meats
• High Throughput Screening
• History of the US Environmental Movement (Revised 10 January 2012)
• Hormesis
• Host-Mediated Assay
• Hydraulic Fluids
• Hydrazine
• Hydrobromic Acid
• Hydrochloric Acid
• Hydrofluoric Acid
• Hydrogen Peroxide
• Hydrogen Sulfide
• Hydroiodic Acid
• Hydroperoxide, tert-Butyl
• Hydroquinone
• Hydroxylamine
• Hymenoptera
• Hypersensitivity, Delayed Type
• Hypoglycemics, Oral
• I
• Ibuprofen
• Idiopathic Environmental Intolerances
• Imidacloprid
• Immune System
• Implant Studies
• In Silico Methods
• Indole
• Industrial Hygiene
• Information Resources in Toxicology
• Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC)
• Interactive Toxicity
• Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety
• International Agency for Research on Cancer
• International Conference on Harmonisation
• International Fragrance Association (IFRA)
• International Labor Organization (ILO)
• International Life Sciences Institute Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (ILSI-HESI)
• International Organization of the Flavor Industry
• International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics
• International Society of Exposure Science
• International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
• International Union of Toxicology
• Inter-Organization Programme for Sound Management of Chemicals
• Investigative New Drug Application
• In Vitro–In Vivo Extrapolation
• In Vitro Tests
• In Vivo Tests
• Iodine
• Iron
• Islip Garbage Barge
• Isocyanates
• Isodrin
• Isoniazid
• Isophorone
• Isoprene
• Isopropanol
• I
• Itai Itai Disease
• IUCLID (International Uniform Chemical Information Database)
• J
• Jet Fuels
• Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meetings (JECFA and JMPR)
• K
• Kava
• Kerosene
• Kidney
• Killer Lakes
• L
• Lanthanide Series of Metals
• Law and Toxicology
• LD50/LC50 (Lethal Dosage 50/Lethal Concentration 50)
• Lead
• Levels of Effect in Toxicology Assessment
• Lewisite
• Lidocaine
• Life Cycle Assessment
• Limonene
• Linuron
• Lipid Metabolism Modifying (Statins, Cholesterol)
• Lipid Peroxidation
• Lithium
• Liver
• Lotronex
• Love Canal
• Low-Dose Effects of Environmental Chemicals: Bisphenol A as a Case Study
• Loxapine
• Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
• Lye
• Lyme Disease
• M
• Magnesium
• MAK Committee
• Malathion
• Maleic Anhydride
• Malonitrile
• Mancozeb
• Maneb
• Manganese
• MARCAR
• Margin of Exposure (MOE)
• Marijuana
• Marine Venoms and Toxins
• Maximum Tolerated Dose
• Mechanisms of Toxicity
• Mecoprop
• Medical Surveillance
• Medical Textiles
• Melphalan
• Mephedrone
• Mercaptans
• Mercaptoethanol, 2-
• Mercuric Chloride (HgCl2)
• Mercury
• Mercury Tragedies: Incidents and Effects
• Merphos
• Mescaline
• Mesocosms and Microcosms (Aquatic)
• Metaldehyde
• Metallothionein
• Metals
• Methamidophos
• Methane
• Methanol
• Methomyl
• Methoprene
• Methoxyaniline, 2-; o-Anisidine
• Methoxychlor
• Methoxyethanol
• Methoxypsoralen, 8-
• Methyl Acrylate
• Methylamine
• Methyl Bromide
• Methylcholanthrene, 3-
• Methyl-CCNU (Semustine)
• Methyl Disulfide
• Methylenedianiline and Its Dihydrochloride
• Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 4,4‘-
• Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
• Methyl Ethyl Ketone
• Methylfentanyl-α
• Methylglyoxal
• Methyl Isocyanate
• Methyl Isothiocyanate
• Methyl Methacrylate
• Methylmercury
• Methylnitrosourea
• Methyl Parathion
• Metribuzin
• Metronidazole
• Mevinphos
• Microarray Analysis
• Micronucleus Assay
• Minamata
• Mirex
• Mithramycin
• Mitochondrial Toxicity
• Mitomycin C
• Mixtures, Toxicology, and Risk Assessment
• Mode of Action
• Modifying Factors of Toxicity
• Molecular Toxicology: Recombinant DNA Technology
• Molinate
• Molybdenum
• Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
• Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)
• Monte Carlo Analysis
• Mouse Lymphoma Assay
• Multispecies Environmental Testing Designs
• Musculoskeletal System
• Mushrooms, Coprine
• Mushrooms, Cyclopeptide
• Mushrooms, Ibotenic Acid
• Mushrooms, Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) - Generating
• Mushrooms, Muscarine
• Mushroom, Psilocybin
• Myclobutanil
• Mycotoxins
• N
• Nails (of the Fingers and Toes)
• Naled
• Nanotoxicology
• Naphthalene
• Naphthylamine, 2-
• Naphthylisothiocyanate
• Naphthylthiourea, α
• National Center for Environmental Health-ATSDR
• National Center for Toxicological Research, US
• National Environmental Policy Act, USA
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
• National Institutes of Health
• National Library of Medicine and Its Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program
• National Toxicology Program
• Natural Products
• n-Butyl Alcohol
• Nematicides
• Neon
• Neonicotinoids
• Nerve Agents
• Neurotoxicity
• Next Generation Sequencing
• Niacin
• Nickel and Nickel Compounds
• Nickel Chloride
• Nicotine
• Nithiazine
• Nitrapyrin
• Nitrate
• Nitric Oxide
• Nitrite Inhalants
• Nitrites
• Nitrobenzene
• Nitrocellulose
• Nitroethane
• Nitrofuran, 2-
• Nitrofuran Carboxaldehyde
• Nitrofurfuryl Alcohol
• Nitro-2-Furoic Acid, 5-
• Nitrofuroyl Chloride, 5-
• Nitrogen Dioxide (Formerly Nitrogen Oxides)
• Nitrogen Mustards
• Nitrogen Tetraoxide
• Nitroglycerin
• Nitromethane
• Nitrophenol, 4-
• Nitropropane, 2-
• Nitropyrene, 1-
• Nitrosamines
• Nitrous Oxide
• N-Methylpyrrolidone
• N,N-Dimethylacetamide
• Dimethylnitrosamine
• N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
• Nonlethal Weapons
• Nonmammalian Models in Toxicology Screening
• Nonylphenol
• Norbormide
• Norethisterone (Norethindrone)
• Notorious Poisoners and Poisoning Cases
• Nutmeg
• O
• Obesogens
• Occupational Exposure Limits
• Occupational Safety and Health Act, US
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
• Occupational Toxicology
• Octachlorostyrene
• Octane
• eChemPortal – The Global Portal to Information on Chemical Substances
• Oil, Crude
• Lubricating Oils
• Oil Spills
• Okadaic Acid
• Oleander
• Omics and Related Recent Technologies
• The OPCW
• Opium and the Constituent Opiates
• Oral/Dermal Reference Dose (RfD)/Inhalation Reference Concentration (RfC)
• Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
• Organochlorine Insecticides
• Organophosphorus Compounds
• Organotin Compounds
• Otto Fuel II
• Oxalates
• Oxidative Stress
• Oxydemeton-methyl
• Oxygen
• Oxymetholone
• Ozone
• P
• Palladium
• Paraldehyde
• Paraquat
• Parathion
• PBT (Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic) Chemicals
• Pendimethalin
• Penicillins
• Pentachlorobenzene
• Pentachloroethane
• Pentachloronitrobenzene
• Pentane
• Pentobarbital Sodium
• Peptide Coupling Agents
• Peracetic Acid
• Perchlorate
• Perchloric Acid
• Perfluoroisobutylene
• Perfluorooctanoic Acid
• Periodic Acid
• Permethrin
• Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs)
• Peroxisome Proliferators
• Persistent Organic Pollutants
• Pesticides
• Petroleum Distillates
• Petroleum Ether
• Petroleum Hydrocarbons
• Peyote
• Pharmaceuticals Effects in the Environment
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacokinetic and Toxicokinetic Modeling
• Phenacetin
• Phenanthrene
• Phencyclidine
• Phenol
• Phenol, 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)
• Phenolphthalein
• Phenothiazines
• Phenothrin
• Phenylmercuric Acetate
• Phenylphenol
• Phenylpropanolamine
• Phenytoin
• Pheromones
• Phorbol Esters
• Phosgene
• Phosgene Oxime
• Phosphate Ester Flame Retardants
• Phosphine
• Phosphoric Acid
• Phosphorus
• Photoallergens
• Photochemical Oxidants
• Phthalates
• Phthalic Anhydride
• Physical Hazards
• Picloram
• Picric Acid
• Piperazine
• Piperonyl Butoxide
• Plants, Poisonous (Animals)
• Plants, Poisonous (Humans)
• Platinum
• Plutonium
• Poisoning Emergencies in Humans
• Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers
• Pollution, Air in Encyclopedia of Toxicology
• Pollution, Indoor Air
• Pollution Prevention Act, United States
• Pollution, Soil
• Pollution, Water
• Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs)
• Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers
• Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
• Polycyclic Aromatic Amines
• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
• Polyethylene Glycol
• Polymers
• Potassium
• Potassium Hydroxyoctaoxodizincatedichromate
• Potassium Iodide
• Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC)
• Primidone
• Hazard Ranking
• Procainamide
• Progesterone and Progestin Mimics
• Prometryn
• Propachlor
• Propane
• Propane Sultone
• Propanil
• Propargite
• Propazine
• Propene
• Propiconazole
• Propionic Acid
• Proposition 65, California
• Propoxur
• Propylene Glycol
• Propylene Oxide
• Prostaglandins
• Pseudoephedrine
• Psychological Indices of Toxicity
• PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene; Teflon®)
• Publishing Trends in Toxicology
• Puromycin
• PUVA
• Pyrene
• Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids
• Pyridine
• Pyridostigmine
• Pyridoxine
• Pyriminil
• Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
• Q
• QSAR
• The QT Interval of the Electrocardiogram
• Quinidine
• Quinine
• Quinoline
• Quinone
• R
• Radiation Toxicology, Ionizing and Nonionizing
• Radium
• Radon
• REACH
• REACH-IT
• Recalls, Drugs and Consumer Products
• Recommended Exposure Limits
• Redbook (Redbook 2000 : Toxicological Principles for the Safety of Food Ingredients)
• Red Squill
• Red Tide
• Regulation, Toxicology and
• Reproductive System, Female
• Reproductive System, Male
• Research Institute for Fragrance Materials
• Reserpine
• Resistance to Toxicants
• Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (USA)
• Respiratory Tract Toxicology
• Rhodium
• Riboflavin
• Ricin and Other Toxalbumins
• Rifampin
• Riot Control Agents
• Risk Assessment, Ecological
• Risk Assessment, Human Health
• Risk Assessment, Uncertainty
• Risk Characterization
• Risk Communication
• Risk Management
• Risk Management Measures (RMM)
• Risk Perception
• Rotenone
• S
• S-(1,2-Dichlorovinyl)-l-Cysteine
• Saccharin
• Safe Drinking Water Act
• Safety Pharmacology
• Safety Testing, Clinical Studies
• Safrole
• Salicylates
• Salmonella
• Sarin (GB)
• Saxitoxin
• Scombroid
• Scorpions
• Sedatives
• Selamectin
• Selenium
• Sensitivity Analysis
• Sensory Organs
• Seveso Disaster and the European Seveso Directives
• Shale Oil Toxicity
• Shellfish Poisoning, Paralytic
• Shigella
• Sick Building Syndrome
• Silane
• Silent Spring
• Silica, Crystalline
• Silicones
• Silver
• Sister Chromatid Exchanges
• Site-Specific Environmental Risk Assessment
• Skin
• Snakes
• Social Media and Toxicology
• Society for Chemical Hazard Communication (SCHC)
• Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
• Society for Risk Analysis
• Society of Toxicology
• Sodium
• Sodium Dimethyldithiocarbamate
• Sodium Fluoroacetate
• Sodium Nitrite
• Sodium Pentachlorophenate
• Sodium Sulfite
• Soil Pollution Remediation
• Solvents
• Soman
• Species Sensitivity Distributions
• Spiders
• SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Statistics
• Stem Cells
• St. John's Wort
• Stoddard Solvent
• Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM)
• Streptozotocin
• Strontium
• Strychnine
• Styrene
• Sulfates
• Sulfites
• Sulfur Dioxide
• Sulfuric Acid
• Sulfur Mustard
• Sulfuryl Fluoride (Vikane)
• Surfactants, Anionic and Nonionic
• Surfactants, Perfluorinated
• Sustainability
• Synthetic Vitreous Fibers
• Systems Biology Application in Toxicology
• T
• T, 2,4,5-
• Tabun
• Tacrine
• Talc
• Tamoxifen
• Tannic Acid
• TCDD (2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin)
• Tellurium
• Terbutaline
• Terrestrial Microcosms and Multispecies Soil Systems
• Tetrabromobisphenol A
• Tetrachloroethane
• Tetrachloroethylene
• Tetrachlorvinphos
• Tetrahydrofuran
• Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine
• Tetranitromethane
• Tetrodotoxin
• Texas City Disaster
• TGN1412
• Thalidomide
• Thallium
• Theophylline
• Thiabendazole
• Thiamine
• Thiazide Diuretics
• Thimerosal
• Thioacetamide
• Thiotepa
• Thioxanthenes
• Thiram
• Thorium and Thorium Dioxide
• Three Mile Island
• Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC)
• Thyroid Preparations
• Times Beach
• Tin
• Tissue Repair
• Titanium
• Titanium Tetrachloride
• Tobacco
• Toluene
• Toluene Diisocyanate
• Toluidines
• Toxaphene
• ‘Toxic’ and ‘Nontoxic’: Confirming Critical Terminology Concepts and Context for Clear Communication
• Toxicity, Acute
• Toxicity, Subchronic and Chronic
• Toxicity Testing, Alternatives
• Toxicity Testing, Aquatic
• Toxicity Testing, Behavioral
• Toxicity Testing, Carcinogenesis
• Toxicity Testing, Dermal
• Toxicity Testing, Developmental
• Toxicity Testing, Inhalation
• Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: Approaches to Implementation
• Toxicity Testing, Mutagenicity
• Toxicity Testing, ‘Read Across Analysis’
• Toxicity Testing, Reproductive
• Toxicity Testing, Sensitization
• Toxicity Testing, Standards and Guidelines
• Toxicity Testing, Validation
• Toxicology
• Toxicology, Education and Careers
• Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment
• Toxicology Forum
• Toxicology, The History of
• How Toxicology Impacts Other Sciences
• Toxicology in the Arts, Culture, and Imagination
• Toxicology in the US Department of Defense (DoD)
• Toxic Substances Control Act
• Toxic Torts
• Toy Safety and Hazards
• Trade Associations
• trans-Fatty Acids
• Transgenic Animals
• Translational Toxicology
• Triadimefon
• Triazines
• Trichlorfon
• Trichlorobenzenes
• Trichloroethane
• Trichloroethylene
• Trichloropropane
• Triclopyr Triethylamine Salt
• Tricyclic Antidepressants
• Trifluralin
• Trihalomethanes
• Trimethylbenzenes
• Trinitrotoluene
• Tungsten
• Turpentine
• U
• Uncertainty Analysis
• Uncertainty Factors
• UNEP Chemicals
• United States Pharmacopoeia (USP)
• Uranium
• Urea
• Urethane
• US Chemical Safety Board
• Ultraviolet A
• Ultraviolet B
• V
• Vaccines
• Valley of the Drums
• Valproic Acid
• Vanadium
• Vanillin
• Veterinary Toxicology
• Vinyl Acetate
• Vinyl Bromide
• Vinyl Chloride
• Vinyl Fluoride
• Vinylidene Chloride (VDC)
• Virtual Models (vM)
• Virtually Safe Dose
• Vitamin A
• Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
• Vitamin D
• Vitamin E
• Volatile Organic Compounds
• V-Series Nerve Agents: Other than VX
• VX
• W
• Wood Dusts
• World Health Organization/International Programme on Chemical Safety (WHO/IPCS)
• X
• Xylene
• Xyrem
• Y
• Yohimbine
• Z
• Zinc
• Public Domain Online Chemical Compendia – A Brief Selection
• Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in Toxicology Literature
• Abbreviations and Acronyms of Names of International Bodies and Legislation
• Glossary