A fourth, meticulously updated and revised edition of the comprehensive and renowned Penguin Dictionary of Science. The Penguin Dictionary of Science covers all the important topics in this key subject area including chemistry, physics, molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, human anatomy, mathematics, astronomy and computing. Superbly comprehensive and accessible, this newly updated dictionary is the ideal reference tool for anyone who needs to understand scientific terms, whether student, researcher or enthusiastic layperson.

Table of Contents

• A
• a-
• a
• A
• Å
• Ar
• α
• AAS
• A band
• abdomen
• Abelian group
• aberration
• abiotic factor
• abortion
• ABO system
• ABS
• abscissa
• absolute
• absolute alcohol
• absolute configuration
• absolute expansivity
• absolute humidity
• absolute temperature
• absolute value
• absolute zero
• absorbed dose
• absorption
• absorption coefficient
• absorption edge
• absorption spectroscopy
• a.c.
• Ac
• acceleration
• acceleration of free fall (acceleration due to gravity)
• accelerator (particle accelerator)
• accelerometer
• acceptor
• accessory pigment
• accommodation
• accretion disk
• accumulator
• accuracy
• acetal
• acetaldehyde
• acetamide
• acetate
• acetic acid
• acetic anhydride
• acetoacetic ester
• acetone
• acetophenone
• acetylating agent
• acetylation
• acetyl chloride
• acetylcholine
• acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)
• acetylene
• acetylsalicylic acid
• achromatic lens
• acid
• acid amide
• acid anhydride
• acid-base indicator
• acid dissociation constant
• acid dye
• acid halide
• acidic
• acidification
• acid ionization constant (acid dissociation constant)
• acid rain
• acid salt
• aclinic line
• acoustics
• acoustic wave
• acoustoelectronics
• acquired characteristic
• acquired immune deficiency syndrome
• acrosome
• acrylamide (polyacrylamide)
• acrylic
• acrylonitrile
• ACTH
• actin
• actinide (actinoid)
• actinium
• actinoid
• action (action integral)
• action potential
• action spectrum
• activated charcoal
• activated complex
• activation energy
• active component
• active mass
• active site
• active transport
• activity
• activity series
• acute angle
• acyclic
• acyclovir
• acylation
• acyl fission
• acyl halide (acid halide)
• Ada
• adamantane
• adaptation
• adatom
• ADC
• addition
• addition compound
• addition formulae (compound-angle formulae)
• addition polymer
• addition reaction
• additive primaries
• address
• adduct (addition compound)
• adenine
• adenosine
• adenosine diphosphate
• adenosine monophosphate
• adenosine triphosphate
• adenovirus
• ADH
• adiabatic
• adiabatic demagnetization
• adipic acid
• adipose tissue
• admittance
• ADP
• adrenal cortex
• adrenal glands
• adrenaline (US epinephrine)
• adrenal medulla
• adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
• adsorption
• advection
• aerial (antenna)
• aerobic respiration
• aerodynamics
• aerofoil (US airfoil)
• aerosol
• AES
• aestivation
• aether
• AFM
• Ag
• agar
• agarose
• Agrobacterium tumefaciens
• Al
• AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
• air
• airfoil
• Airy rings
• Al
• Ala
• alabaster
• alanine (Ala)
• albedo
• albinism
• albumin (serum albumin)
• alcohol
• aldehyde
• aldohexose
• aldol condensation
• aldose
• algae (singular alga)
• algebra
• algebraic number
• Algol
• algorithm
• alicyclic
• aliphatic
• aliquot
• alizarin
• alkadiene
• alkali
• alkali metal
• alkaline
• alkaline earth metal
• alkaloid
• alkanal
• alkane (paraffin)
• alkanol
• alkene (olefin)
• alkoxide
• alkyd resin
• alkylarene
• alkylation
• alkyl group
• alkyl halide
• alkyl radical
• alkyne (acetylene)
• allele
• allene
• allergy
• allograft
• allopatric
• allosteric enzyme
• allotropy
• alloy
• allyl alcohol (prop-2-en-1-ol)
• Alnico
• alpha
• alpha decay
• alpha-iron
• alpha particle
• alpha radiation
• alternating current (a.c.)
• alternation of generations
• alternator
• altimeter
• altitude
• altruism
• ALU
• alum
• alumina
• aluminate
• aluminium (US aluminum)
• aluminosilicate
• aluminum
• alveolus (plural alveoli)
• AM
• Am
• amalgam
• ambident nucleophile
• americium
• Ames test
• amide
• amine
• amino acid
• 4-aminobenzoic acid (p-aminobenzoic acid)
• ammeter
• ammine complex
• ammonia
• ammoniacal
• ammonia clock
• ammonia-soda process
• ammonium hydroxide
• ammonium salts
• amniocentesis
• amoeboid
• amorphous
• amount of substance
• AMP
• ampere
• ampere-hour
• Ampère's (circuital) theorem
• amphibian
• amphibole
• amphiprotic
• amphoteric
• amplifier
• amplitude
• amplitude modulation (AM)
• amu
• amylase
• amyl group
• amylopectin
• amylose
• anabolic steroid
• anabolism
• anaemia (anemia)
• anaerobic respiration
• Analar reagent
• analgesic
• analogue (US analog)
• analogue computer
• analogue-to-digital converter (ADC)
• analysis
• analyte
• analytic function
• anaphase
• anaphylaxis
• anastigmatic lens
• anatomy
• AND
• androgen
• anemometer
• aneroid barometer
• Angiospermophyta
• angle
• angstrom
• angular acceleration
• angular displacement
• angular distance
• angular frequency
• angular momentum
• angular momentum quantum number
• angular velocity
• anharmonic
• anhydride
• anhydrite
• anhydrous
• aniline
• animal
• anion
• anisotropic
• annealing
• annelid
• annihilation
• annual variation
• annular eclipse
• annulene
• annulus
• anode
• anodizing
• anomaly
• ANS
• ANSI
• antagonistic
• antenna
• anterior
• anther
• anthocyanin
• Anthophyta
• anthracene
• anthraquinone
• anthrax
• antibiotic
• antibody (immunoglobulin)
• antibonding orbital
• anticodon
• anticyclone
• antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
• antiferromagnetism
• antifluorite structure
• antifreeze
• antigen
• antihistamine
• antiknock agent
• antilogarithm
• antimony
• antinode
• antioxidant
• antiparallel vectors
• antiparticle
• antipyretic
• antiquark
• antisense gene
• antiserum
• antiviral
• apatite
• aperture
• aperture synthesis
• aphelion
• apical dominance
• aplanatic
• apoenzyme
• apogee
• apparent depth
• apparent expansivity
• apparent power
• apparent solar time
• Appleton layer (F layer)
• application
• aprotic
• aq
• aqua complex (aquo complex)
• Aquadag
• aquamarine
• aqua regia
• aqueous
• aquo complex
• Ar
• arachnid
• aragonite
• aramid fibre
• arc
• Archaean
• Archimedes’ principle
• arc length
• arc second
• area
• arene
• Arg
• Argand diagram
• arginine (Arg)
• argon
• argument
• arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
• arithmetic mean
• arithmetic progression
• armature
• aromatic
• aromaticity
• array
• Arrhenius equation
• arsenic
• arsine
• artery
• arthropod
• artificial intelligence (Al)
• aryl group
• As
• asbestos
• ASCII
• ascorbic acid
• asexual reproduction
• Asn
• Asp
• asparagine (Asn)
• aspartic acid (Asp)
• aspect ratio
• aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)
• assembler
• assembly language
• assimilation
• association
• associative
• astatine
• asteroid (minor planet)
• asthma
• astigmatism
• astrometric binary
• astrometry
• astronomical telescope
• astronomical unit
• astronomy
• astrophysics
• Asx
• asymmetric
• asymmetric carbon atom
• asymptote
• asymptotic freedom
• At
• atactic polymer
• -ate
• athermanous
• atherosclerosis
• atm
• atmosphere
• atmospheric pressure
• atmospherics
• atom
• atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)
• atomic bomb
• atomic clock
• atomic emission spectroscopy
• atomic energy
• atomic force microscope (AFM)
• atomicity
• atomic mass unit
• atomic number (proton number)
• atomic orbital
• atomic physics
• atomic radius
• atomic spectroscopy
• atomic theory
• atomic volume
• atomic weight
• ATP
• atrium (plural atria)
• atropine
• attenuated
• attenuation
• atto-
• Au
• AU
• audiofrequency
• aufbau principle (building-up principle)
• Auger effect
• auric
• aurora
• aurous
• austenite
• autocatalysis
• autoclave
• autoimmune diseases
• autoionization
• autonomic nervous system
• autosome
• autotroph
• auxin (indole-acetic acid, IAA)
• auxochrome
• avalanche
• avalanche breakdown
• average
• Aves
• Avogadro constant (Avogadro's number)
• Avogadro's principle
• avoirdupois
• axenic culture
• axial vector (pseudovector)
• axil
• axiom
• axis (plural axes)
• axis of revolution
• axis of rotation
• axis of symmetry
• axon
• azeotrope (constant boiling mixture)
• azide
• azimuth (azimuthal angle)
• azimuthal quantum number
• azo compound
• azo coupling
• azo dyes
• AZT (azidodeoxythymidine, zidovudine)
• B
• B
• B
• Ba
• bacillus
• back bonding
• back cross
• back e.m.f.
• background
• background radiation
• bacteria (singular bacterium)
• bacteriophage (phage)
• bacterium
• Bakelite
• baking soda (bicarbonate of soda)
• balance
• ballistic galvanometer
• ballistic missile
• Balmer series
• banana bond
• band gap
• band-pass filter
• band spectrum
• band structure
• bandwidth
• bar
• Barfoed's test
• barium
• Barkhausen effect
• barn
• barometer
• Barr body
• baryon
• baryon number
• baryta
• basal metabolic rate (BMR)
• basalt
• base
• base-catalysed condensation reaction
• base ionization constant (base dissociation constant)
• base metal
• base pairing
• base unit (fundamental unit)
• basic
• BASIC
• basic oxygen process
• basic salt
• basis
• basophil
• battery
• baud rate
• bauxite
• Bayesian statistics and probability
• BBS
• b.c.c.
• B cell (B lymphocyte)
• BCF
• BCS theory
• Be
• bearing
• beats
• Beaufort scale
• Beckmann rearrangement
• Beckmann thermometer
• becquerel
• Beer's law
• bel
• benchmark
• bending moment
• Benedict's solution (Benedict's reagent)
• benthic
• benzaldehyde (benzenecarbaldehyde)
• benzene
• benzenecarbaldehyde
• benzenecarboxylate
• benzenecarboxylic acid
• benzenediol
• benzene hexachloride (BHC)
• benzenesulfonic acid
• benzenoid
• benzoate
• benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid)
• benzophenone
• benzoylation
• benzpyrene (benzopyrene)
• benzyl group
• benzyne
• Bergius process
• berkelium
• Bernoulli's theorem
• Berthollide compound
• beryl
• beryllium
• Bessel function
• Bessemer process
• beta
• beta-adrenergic receptor
• beta blocker
• beta decay
• beta emitter
• beta-iron
• betatron
• B field
• Bh
• BHC
• bi-
• Bi
• bias
• biaxial crystal
• bicarbonate
• biconcave lens
• biconvex lens
• bicyclic
• bidentate ligand
• big bang
• bile
• billion
• bimetallic strip
• bimolecular
• bimorph cell
• binary
• binary compound
• binary operation
• binary star
• binding energy
• binomial coefficient
• binomial distribution
• binomial system
• binomial theorem
• bioaccumulation
• bioassay
• biochemical oxygen demand
• biochemistry
• biodegradable
• biodiversity
• bioengineering
• biofuel
• biological clock (biorhythm, endogenous rhythm)
• biological control
• biological (biochemical) oxygen demand (deficit) (BOD)
• biology
• bioluminescence
• biomass
• biome
• biophysics
• bioreactor
• biorhythm
• biosphere
• biosynthesis
• biotechnology
• Biot-Fourier equation (heat equation)
• biotic factor
• biotin
• Biot-Savart law
• bipolar junction transistor (bipolar transistor)
• birefringence (double refraction)
• bis-
• bisect
• bismuth
• bistable
• bit
• bitmap
• bitumen
• biuret test
• Bk
• black-body radiation
• black hole
• black lead
• blast furnace
• blind spot
• Bloch ‘s theorem
• block
• block copolymer
• blood
• blood-brain barrier
• blood clot
• blood groups
• blood pressure
• blooming
• blotting
• blue-green algae
• blue vitriol
• B lymphocyte
• BMR
• BOD
• body-centred cubic (b.c.c.)
• Bohr frequency condition
• bohrium
• Bohr magneton
• Bohr model
• Bohr radius
• boiling point (boiling temperature)
• bolometer
• Boltzmann constant
• Boltzmann distribution (canonical distribution)
• bomb calorimeter
• bond
• bond angle
• bond dissociation energy
• bond energy
• bond enthalpy
• bonding orbital
• bond length
• bond pair
• bone
• bone marrow
• Boolean algebra
• borane
• borax (disodium tetraborate)
• boric acid (boracic acid)
• boride
• Born-Haber cycle
• Born interpretation
• boron
• boron trihalides
• borosilicate glass
• Bose condensation (Bose-Einstein condensation)
• Bose-Einstein statistics
• boson
• botany
• bottom quark
• botulism
• boundary conditions
• boundary layer
• bound state
• Bourdon gauge
• bovine somatotrophin
• bovine spongiform encephalopathy
• Boyle's law
• Br
• Brackett series
• Bragg's law
• brain
• brain death
• branched-chain molecule
• brass
• Bravais lattice
• breakdown
• Bremsstrahlung
• Brewster angle (polarizing angle)
• bridge
• brine
• British thermal unit (BTU)
• brittle
• bromide ion
• bromination
• bromine
• bromothymol blue
• bronchus (plural bronchi)
• Brønsted acid
• Brønsted base
• Brønsted-Lowry theory (of acids and bases)
• bronze
• brown dwarf
• Brownian motion
• brown-ring test
• brush discharge
• bryophyte
• BSE
• BTU
• bubble cap
• bubble chamber
• bubblejet (inkjet)
• Buchner funnel (Büchner funnel)
• buckminsterfullerene
• buffer
• buffer solution
• bug
• building-up principle
• bulk density
• bulk modulus
• bumping
• Bunsen burner
• buoyancy
• burette (US buret)
• Burkitt's lymphoma
• bus
• busbar
• butadiene (buta-1,3-diene)
• butanal
• butane
• butanedioic acid (succinic acid)
• butanoic acid (butyric acid)
• butanol
• butanone
• butene
• butenedioic acid
• butyl group
• butyl rubber
• butyric acid
• bypass capacitor
• byte
• C
• c
• c
• C
• C
• C
• Ca
• cache
• cadmium
• caesium (US cesium)
• caesium chloride structure
• caesium clock
• caffeine
• cage compound
• Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system
• calcite
• calcium
• calcium carbide
• calcium carbonate
• calcium chloride
• calcium dicarbide (calcium carbide)
• calcium hydrogencarbonate (calcium bicarbonate)
• calcium hydroxide
• calcium oxide (lime, quicklime)
• calcium sulfate
• calculus
• calculus of variations
• calibration
• californium
• callus
• calomel electrode (calomel half-cell)
• calorie
• calorimeter
• Calvin cycle
• cambium (plural cambia)
• Cambrian
• camera
• camphor
• Canada balsam
• cancer
• candela
• Cannizzaro reaction
• canonical distribution
• canonical form
• capacitance
• capacitor
• capacitor microphone
• capillary
• capillary action (capillarity)
• capric acid
• caproic acid
• caprolactam
• caprylic acid
• carat
• carbamide
• carbanion
• carbene
• carbenium ion
• carbide
• carbocation
• carbohydrase
• carbohydrates
• carbolic acid
• carbon
• carbonate
• carbon cycle
• carbon dating
• carbon dioxide
• carbon disulfide
• carbon fibre
• carbonic acid
• Carboniferous
• carbonium ion
• carbon monoxide
• carbon-nitrogen cycle
• carbon tetrachloride (‘carbon tet’)
• carbonyl
• carbonyl chloride
• carbonyl group
• Carborundum
• carboxyhaemoglobin
• carboxylate
• carboxyl group
• carboxylic acid
• carcinogen
• carcinoma
• cardiac
• cardinal number
• cardioid
• cardiovascular
• caries
• carnallite
• carnivore
• Carnot cycle
• Carnot's principle
• carotene (carotenoid)
• carotid artery
• carrier
• carrier gas
• carrier wave
• Cartesian coordinates
• cartography
• cascade
• Cassegrain telescope
• Cassinian curve (oval)
• Cassini division
• cassiterite (tinstone)
• cast iron
• catabolism
• catalysis
• catalyst
• catalytic converter (‘cat’)
• catalytic cracking
• catalytic RNA
• catechol
• catecholamine
• catenary
• catenation
• catenoid
• cathetometer
• cathode
• cathode ray
• cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO)
• cathode-ray tube (CRT)
• cathodic protection
• cation
• Cauchy-Riemann equations
• Cauchy-Schwarz inequality
• Cauchy's theorem
• causality
• caustic curve
• caustic potash
• caustic soda
• cavitation
• cc
• CCD
• c.c.p.
• cd
• Cd
• cDNA
• CD-ROM
• Ce
• celestial body
• celestial equator
• celestial mechanics
• celestial meridian
• celestial poles
• celestial sphere
• cell
• cell division
• cell line
• cell membrane
• celluloid
• cellulose
• cellulose ethanoate (cellulose acetate)
• cellulose nitrate
• cell wall
• Celsius scale
• cement
• cementite
• Cenozoic
• centi-
• centigrade
• centimetre (US centimeter)
• central dogma
• central limit theorem
• central nervous system (CNS)
• central processing unit (CPU)
• centre of curvature
• centre of gravity
• centre of mass (centroid)
• centre of pressure
• centre of symmetry
• centrifugal force
• centrifuge
• centriole
• centripetal acceleration
• centripetal force
• centroid
• centromere
• cephalopod
• Cepheid variable
• ceramic
• cerebellum
• cerebrospinal fluid
• cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres)
• Cerenkov radiation
• cerium
• CERN
• cesium
• cetane number
• Cf
• CFC
• c.g.s.
• chain reaction
• chain rule
• chair conformation
• chalcogens
• chalcopyrite (copper pyrites)
• chalk
• Chandrasekhar limit
• change of state (change of phase)
• change of variable
• channel
• chaos theory
• characteristic curve
• characteristic equation
• characteristic wave
• charcoal
• charge
• charge carrier
• charge conjugation
• charge-coupled device
• charge density
• charge-parity (CP) symmetry
• charge-parity-time (CPT) symmetry
• charge transfer
• Charles's law
• charm quark
• chelate
• chemical bonding
• chemical change
• chemical combination, laws of
• chemical equation
• chemical formula
• chemical kinetics (kinetics)
• chemical potential
• chemical reaction
• chemical shift
• chemiluminescence
• chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis
• chemisorption
• chemistry
• chemoorganotroph
• chemosynthesis
• chemotherapy
• Cherenkov radiation
• Chile saltpetre
• chimera (chimaera)
• chimeric DNA
• chip
• chiral
• chi-squared test
• chitin
• chloral (trichloroethanal)
• chlor-alkali industry
• chlorate
• chloric acid
• chloride
• chlorinating agent
• chlorination
• chlorine
• chlorine-containing organic compounds
• chlorite
• chloroethene (vinyl chloride)
• chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)
• chloroform (trichloromethane)
• chlorophyll
• chloroplast
• chlorous acid
• cholesteric liquid crystal
• cholesterol
• choline
• chord
• chordate
• chromate(VI)
• chromatic aberration
• chromatid
• chromatin
• chromatogram
• chromatography
• chrome alum
• chrome yellow
• chromium
• chromophore
• chromosome
• chromosphere
• chromyl chloride
• chrysalis
• chymotrypsin
• Ci
• cilium (plural cilia)
• cinnabar
• cinnamic acid (3-phenylpropenoic acid)
• circadian
• circle
• circuit
• circuit board
• circuit-breaker
• circular functions
• circularly polarized
• circular measure
• circumference
• cis-trans isomerism (E-Z isomerism)
• citrate
• citric acid (2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid)
• citric acid cycle
• CJD
• Cl
• cladistics
• Claisen condensation
• class
• classical physics
• classification (of organisms)
• clathrate (cage compound)
• clay
• Clemmensen reduction
• climate change
• clonal selection theory
• clone
• cloning vector
• closed shell
• close packing
• cloud
• cloud chamber
• cluster
• cluster compound
• cm
• Cm
• CMOS
• Cn
• Cnidaria
• CNS
• Co
• CoA
• coal
• coal gas
• coal tar
• coaxial
• cobalt
• COBOL
• coccus
• codon
• coefficient
• coefficient of expansion
• coefficient of friction
• coefficient of restitution
• coelenterate
• coenzyme
• coenzyme A (CoA)
• coenzyme Q
• coenzyme I
• coenzyme II
• coercive force
• cofactor
• coherence
• coke
• cold-bloodedness
• cold emission
• collagen
• collective excitation
• collector
• collider
• colligative properties
• collimator
• collinear
• colloid
• colon
• colony
• colorimeter
• colour
• colour blindness
• colour centre
• colour charge
• colour vision
• columbium
• column chromatography
• coma
• combination
• combining volumes, law of
• combustion
• comet
• commensalism
• common ion effect
• common salt
• commutative
• commutator
• compass
• competitive inhibition
• compiler
• complement
• complementary angles
• complementary colour
• complementary DNA
• complementary function
• complementary (of the bases in DNA)
• complex (coordination compound)
• complex conjugate
• complex function
• complex number
• complexometric titration
• complex plane
• component
• composite material
• compound
• compound-angle formulae
• compound microscope
• compound pendulum
• compressibility
• compression ratio
• compressive stress
• Compton effect (Compton scattering)
• computer
• concave
• concavo-convex
• concentration
• concentric
• condensation
• condensation polymer
• condensation reaction
• condensed matter
• condenser
• condenser lens
• conditional probability
• conditioning
• conductance
• conduction
• conduction band
• conductivity, electrical
• conductivity, thermal
• conductometric titration
• conductor
• cone
• confidence interval
• configuration
• conformal transformation
• conformation
• congeners
• congenital
• congruent
• conic (conic section)
• conjugate
• conjugate acid
• conjugate base
• conjugated bonds
• conjunction
• conservation law
• conservation of angular momentum, law of
• conservation of charge, law of
• conservation of energy, law of
• conservation of mass, law of
• conservation of momentum, law of
• conservative field
• consolute temperature
• constant
• constant acceleration formulae
• Constantan
• constant boiling mixture
• constant composition, law of
• constant heat summation, law of
• constellation
• consumer
• contact potential
• contact process
• continental drift
• continuity equation
• continuous
• continuous random variable
• continuous variation
• continuum
• contour integral
• control rods
• convection
• convective cloud
• convergence
• convergence limit
• convergent evolution
• converging lens
• converse
• conversion electron
• convex
• coolant
• Cooper pair
• coordinate bonding (dative covalent bonding)
• coordinate geometry (analytic geometry)
• coordinate system
• coordination compound
• coordination number
• copernicum
• coplanar
• copolymer
• copper
• copper(II) sulfate, hydrated
• core
• core level
• Coriolis force
• corollary
• corona
• corona discharge
• correlation coefficient
• corrosion
• corticosteroid
• cortisone
• corundum
• cos
• cosec
• cosecant
• cosech
• cosh
• cosine
• cosine rule
• cosmic background radiation (microwave background, cosmic microwave radiation)
• cosmic rays
• cosmid
• cosmology
• cot
• cotangent
• coth
• cotyledon
• coulomb
• Coulomb's law
• coulometer
• countable set
• counter
• couple
• coupling reaction
• covalent bonding
• covalent radius
• covariance
• CP
• CPT
• CPU
• Cr
• cracking
• creep
• C region (constant region)
• Cretaceous
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
• critical
• critical angle
• critical damping
• critical mass
• critical point
• critical temperature
• critical velocity
• CRO
• cross
• crossing over
• cross-linking
• cross product
• cross-section
• crown ether
• CRT
• crude oil
• crust
• crustacean
• cryogenic pump
• cryogenics
• cryolite
• cryometer
• cryostat
• crystal
• crystal field theory
• crystal lattice
• crystalline
• crystallization
• crystallography
• crystal momentum
• crystal oscillator
• crystal structure
• crystal system
• Cs
• C segment (constant segment)
• CS gas
• CT
• Cu
• cube
• cube root
• cubic
• cubic close packing (cubic close-packed, c.c.p.)
• cuboid
• cultivar
• cumene process
• cuprammonium ion
• cupric
• cuprous
• curie
• Curie's law
• Curie-Weiss law
• curium
• curl
• current
• current balance (Kelvin balance)
• current density
• curvature
• curve
• cusp
• cyan-
• cyanate
• cyanic acid
• cyanide ion
• cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
• cyanocobalamin
• cyanogen
• cyanohydrin
• cycle
• cyclic
• cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate)
• cyclic permutation
• cyclization
• cycloaddition
• cycloalkane
• cyclohexane
• cycloid
• cyclone
• cyclopentadiene
• cyclopropane
• cyclotron
• cylinder
• cylindrical coordinates (cylindrical polar coordinates)
• Cys
• cysteine (Cys)
• cystine
• cytidine
• cyto-
• cytochrome
• cytokine
• cytokinin (kinin)
• cytology
• cytoplasm
• cytoplasmic inheritance
• cytosine
• cytosol
• cytotoxic
• D
• D
• 2,4-D
• D
• D
• DAC
• Dacron
• DALR
• dalton
• Dalton's law (of partial pressure)
• damped harmonic motion
• damping
• Daniell cell
• dansyl
• daraf
• dark field imaging
• dark matter
• dark nebula
• dark reaction (light-independent reaction)
• darmstadtium
• Darwinism
• dash-pot
• database
• dative covalent bonding
• daughter nuclide
• Davy lamp (miner's safety lamp)
• day
• db
• Db
• d-block element
• d.c.
• d.c. amplifier
• DDT
• d-d transition
• deadbeat
• dead time
• deamination
• de Broglie's equation
• debye
• Debye-Hückel theory
• Debye model
• Debye-Waller factor
• deca-
• decalin
• decane
• decanol
• decantation
• decay
• decay constant
• deceleration
• deci-
• decibel
• deciduous
• decimal places
• decimal system
• declination
• decomposer
• decomposition
• decrepitation
• defect
• deficiency disease
• definite integral
• definite proportions, law of
• deflagration
• deformation
• degassing
• degaussing
• degenerate
• degenerate gas
• degenerate semiconductor
• degenerate states
• degradation
• degree
• degree of ionization (degree of dissociation)
• degrees of freedom
• de Haas-van Alphen effect
• dehydration
• dehydrogenase
• dehydrogenation
• deionized water
• del (nabla)
• delayed neutron
• delay line
• deliquescence
• delocalization
• delta bond (δ bond)
• delta function
• delta-iron
• delta radiation
• delta scale
• demagnetization
• demagnetizing field
• demodulation
• de Moivre's theorem
• D enantiomer
• denature
• denatured alcohol
• dendrite
• dendrochronology
• dendron
• denitrifying bacteria
• denominator
• dense
• densitometer
• density
• density, photographic
• density gradient centrifugation
• density of states
• dentine
• dentition
• deoxyribonucleic acid
• deoxyribose
• deoxythymidine
• dependent variable
• depleted fuel
• depletion layer
• depolarization
• depression
• depression, angle of
• depression of freezing point
• deprotonation
• depth of field
• depth of focus
• derivative
• derived function
• derived unit
• dermis
• desalination
• desiccator
• desorption
• destructive distillation
• desulfurization
• detector
• detergent
• determinant
• detonation
• deuterium
• deuteron
• Devarda's alloy
• deviation, angle of
• devitrification
• Devonian
• dew
• Dewar benzene
• Dewar flask
• dew point
• dew-point hygrometer
• dextrorotatory
• dextrose
• diabetes
• diagonal matrix
• diagonal relationship
• diakinesis
• dialysis
• diamagnetism
• diameter
• 1,2-diaminoethane (ethylenediamine)
• 1,6-diaminohexane
• diamond
• diamorphine (heroin)
• diaphragm
• diaphragm cell
• diastase
• diastereomers (diastereoisomers)
• diastole
• diathermanous
• diatom
• diatomaceous earth (diatomite)
• diatomic molecule
• diazepam
• diazo compounds
• diazo dyes (azo dyes)
• diazonium salts
• diazotization
• dibasic acid (diprotic acid)
• dibenzenechromium
• dibenzoyl peroxide
• diborane
• 1,2-dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide)
• dicarboxylic acid
• dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
• dichloromethane (methylene dichloride)
• dichroism
• dichromate(VI) ion (dichromate ion)
• dicotyledon
• dideoxy sequencing (Sanger's method)
• dieldrin
• dielectric
• dielectric constant
• dielectric heating
• dielectric strength
• Diels-Alder reaction
• Diesel cycle
• diesel fuel
• dietary fibre
• diethylene glycol
• diethyl ether
• difference
• difference equation
• differential
• differential amplifier
• differential calculus
• differential coefficient
• differential equation
• differentiation
• diffraction
• diffraction grating
• diffuse nebula
• diffusion
• diffusion coefficient
• diffusion equation
• diffusion pump
• digestion
• digit
• digital
• digital computer
• digital display
• digital photography
• digital recording
• digital-to-analogue converter (DAC)
• diglyme
• dihaploid
• dihedral angle
• dihydric alcohol
• dihydroxybenzene (benzenediol)
• 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
• 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
• dilation
• dilatometer
• dilute solution
• dilution refrigerator
• dimension
• dimensional analysis
• dimer
• dimerization
• dimethylbenzene
• dimethylformamide (DMF)
• dimethylglyoxime
• dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)
• dimorphic
• m-dinitrobenzene (1,3-dinitrobenzene)
• dinitrogen oxide (nitrous oxide, laughing gas)
• dinitrogen tetroxide (dinitrogen tetraoxide)
• 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNP)
• dinosaur
• diode
• dioecious
• diol (glycol, dihydric alcohol)
• dioptre
• dioxane
• dioxin
• dioxygen (oxygen)
• dioxygenyl ion
• dip, magnetic
• dipeptide
• diphenylmethanone (benzophenone)
• diphtheria
• diploid
• diplotene
• dipolar aprotic solvent (dipolar non-protolytic solvent)
• dipole (electric dipole)
• dipole-dipole force
• dipole moment
• Dirac delta function
• Dirac equation
• Dirac matrices
• diradical
• direct
• direct current (d.c.)
• direct dye
• direct-gap semiconductor
• direct hydration
• direction cosines (direction ratios)
• directly proportional
• directrix
• direct transition
• disaccharide
• discharge, electrical
• discharge tube
• discontinuity
• discontinuous variation
• discrete quantity
• discrete random variable
• discriminator
• disinfectant
• disintegration
• disintegration constant
• disjoint sets
• dislocation
• disodium tetraborate
• dispersed phase
• disperse dye
• dispersion
• dispersion force (dispersion interaction, London force)
• dispersion medium
• dispersion relation
• dispersive power
• displacement
• displacement, electric
• displacement current
• disproportionation
• dissipation
• dissociation
• dissolution
• distance, measure of
• distance ratio
• distillate
• distillation
• distilled water
• distribution
• distributive
• disulfide bond
• diuretic
• diurnal
• diurnal rhythm
• divalent
• divergence
• divergence theorem
• divergent evolution
• diverging lens
• division
• divisor
• dizygotic twins
• D layer
• D lines
• DMF
• DMSO
• DNA
• DNAase
• DNA blotting (Southern blotting)
• DNA fingerprint
• DNA insert
• DNA library
• DNA ligase
• DNA methylation
• DNA polymerase
• DNA primer
• DNA probe (gene probe)
• DNA profile
• DNA replication
• DNA sequencing
• DNP
• dodecahedron
• dolomite (magnesian limestone)
• domain
• dominant
• donor
• donor atom
• dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)
• dopamine
• doping
• Doppler broadening
• Doppler effect
• Doppler radar
• Doppler shift
• d orbitals
• dormancy
• dorsal
• dose
• dosemeter (dosimeter)
• dot-and-cross diagram
• dot product
• double-angle formulae
• double bond
• double decomposition
• double helix
• double integral
• double recessive
• double refraction
• double salt
• double star
• doublet
• down quark
• Downs cell
• Down's syndrome
• Dow process
• drag
• drain
• drift chamber
• dropping mercury cathode
• Drosophila
• Drude model
• dry adiabatic lapse rate (DALR)
• dry cell
• dry ice
• Ds
• dubnium
• ductile
• ductless gland
• Dulong and Petit's law
• Dumas's method
• dummy variable
• duodenum
• duplex
• Duralumin
• dust core
• dutch metal
• dwarf (dwarf star, main-sequence star)
• Dy
• dye
• dynamic equilibrium
• dynamic friction
• dynamic pressure
• dynamics
• dynamite
• dynamo
• dyne
• dysprosium
• dystrophic
• E
• e
• e-
• e+
• e
• E
• E
• E
• Ea
• ear
• earth
• Earth
• earthquake
• earthshine
• ebullioscopy
• eccentricity
• ECF
• ECG
• echelon
• echinoderm
• echo
• echolocation
• eclipse
• ecliptic
• E. coli
• ecological niche
• ecology
• ecosystem
• ectoderm
• Ectoprocta
• ectothermy
• eddy current
• edge
• editor
• Edman degradation
• EDTA
• EEG
• effective nuclear charge
• effective potential
• effective resistance
• effective temperature
• effector
• efferent
• effervescence
• efficiency
• efflorescence
• effort
• effusion
• egg
• egg membrane
• EHF
• eigenfunction
• eigenvalue
• eigenvector
• eighteen-electron rule
• Einstein coefficients
• Einstein field equation
• einsteinium
• Einstein mass-energy relation
• Einstein shift
• Einstein tensor
• ejecta
• eka-
• elastance
• elastic collision
• elastic cross-section
• elasticity
• elastic limit
• elastic modulus
• elastic scattering
• elastomer
• E layer
• electret
• electric arc
• electric-arc furnace
• electric charge
• electric constant
• electric current
• electric dipole moment
• electric displacement (electric flux density)
• electric energy
• electric field
• electric flux
• electric flux density
• electricity
• electricity, frictional (triboelectricity)
• electric-light bulb
• electric motor
• electric organ
• electric polarization
• electric potential
• electric power
• electric spark
• electric susceptibility
• electrocardiogram (ECG)
• electrochemical cell
• electrochemical equivalent
• electrochemical series (electromotive series)
• electrochemistry
• electrode
• electrode potential
• electrodynamics
• electrodynamometer
• electroencephalograph (electroencephalogram, EEG)
• electrokinetic potential (zeta potential)
• electroluminescence
• electrolysis
• electrolyte
• electrolytic capacitor
• electrolytic conductivity
• electromagnet
• electromagnetic induction
• electromagnetic interaction
• electromagnetic pump
• electromagnetic radiation
• electromagnetic spectrum
• electromagnetic units (e.m.u.)
• electromagnetic wave
• electromagnetism
• electrometer
• electromotive force (e.m.f.)
• electromotive series
• electron
• electron affinity
• electron capture
• electron-deficient compound
• electron density
• electron diffraction
• electronegativity
• electron-electron interaction
• electron-gain enthalpy (electron affinity)
• electron gas
• electron gun
• electron-hole pair
• electronic charge
• electronic configuration
• electronics
• electronic structure (electronic configuration)
• electronic transition
• electron lens
• electron microscope
• electron multiplier
• electron optics
• electron pair
• electron paramagnetic resonance
• electron-probe microanalysis
• electron spectroscopy
• electron spin resonance (ESR, electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR)
• electron-transport chain
• electronvolt (electron volt)
• electro-optical effect
• electrophile
• electrophilic addition
• electrophilic substitution
• electrophoresis
• electroplating
• electroporation
• electropositive
• electroscope
• electrostatic field
• electrostatic force
• electrostatic generator
• electrostatic induction
• electrostatics
• electrostatic units (e.s.u.)
• electrostriction
• electrovalent bonding
• electroweak theory (Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model)
• element
• elementary function
• elementary particle (fundamental particle)
• elevation
• elevation, angle of
• elevation of boiling point
• elimination reaction
• ELISA
• ellipse
• ellipsoid
• elliptical galaxy
• elliptically polarized
• elliptic integral
• El Niño (El Niño Southern Oscillation, ENSO)
• email (e-mail)
• emanation
• Embden-Meyerhof pathway
• embolism
• embryo
• embryology
• embryo-sac (embryosac)
• e.m.f.
• emission
• emission nebula
• emission spectroscopy
• emissivity
• emittance
• empirical formula
• empirical temperature
• empty set
• e.m.u.
• emulsifying agent
• emulsion
• enamel
• enantiomer
• enantiotropy
• endergonic process
• endocrine gland (ductless gland)
• endocrinology
• endocytosis
• endoderm
• endoergic process
• endogenous
• endogenous rhythm
• endonuclease
• endoplasmic reticulum
• endorphin (enkephalin)
• endoskeleton
• endosperm
• endospore
• endothelium
• endothermic
• endothermy
• end-point
• -ene
• energy
• energy band
• energy density
• energy flux
• energy gap (band gap)
• energy level
• energy-momentum
• engine
• enkephalin
• enol
• ensemble
• ENSO
• enterokinase
• enthalpy
• entomology
• Entonox
• entrainment
• entropy
• envelope
• environment
• enzyme
• enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
• Eocene
• eon
• EOR (XOR)
• ephemeral
• ephemeris time
• epicentre
• epicotyl
• epicyclic gears
• epicycloid
• epidermis
• epigamic
• epimer
• epinephrine
• epiphytic
• episome
• epitaxy
• epithelium
• epoch
• epoxide (oxirane)
• epoxyethane (ethylene oxide)
• epoxy resin
• EPR
• EPROM
• Epsom salts
• Epstein-Barr virus
• equation
• equation, chemical
• equation(s) of motion
• equation of state
• equation of time
• equator
• equatorial
• equatorial bulge
• equilateral triangle
• equilibrium
• equilibrium, chemical
• equinox
• equipartition of energy
• equipotential
• equivalence point
• equivalence principle
• equivalent
• equivalent circuit
• equivalent proportions, law of
• equivalent weight
• Er
• era (geological era)
• erbium
• erecting system
• erg
• ergocalciferol
• ergodic system
• ergonomics
• ergosterol
• eriochrome black Τ
• error of measurement
• erythro-
• erythroblast
• erythrocyte
• erythrose
• Es
• Esaki diode
• ESCA
• escape velocity (escape speed)
• Escherichia coli
• ESR (esr)
• essential (indispensable) amino acids
• essential element
• essential fatty acids
• essential oil
• ester
• esterification
• estrogen
• e.s.u.
• Et
• etalon
• ethanal (acetaldehyde)
• ethanamide (acetamide)
• ethane
• ethanedioic acid (oxalic acid)
• ethane-1,2-diol (ethylene glycol)
• ethanoate (acetate)
• ethanoic acid (acetic acid)
• ethanoic anhydride (acetic anhydride)
• ethanol (ethyl alcohol, alcohol)
• ethanoylating agent (acetylating agent)
• ethanoylation
• ethanoyl chloride (acetyl chloride)
• ethene (ethylene)
• ether
• Ethernet
• ethology
• ethoxyethane (diethyl ether, ether)
• ethyl acetate
• ethyl acetoacetate
• ethyl alcohol
• ethylamine (aminoethane)
• ethylbenzene
• ethyl chloride
• ethylene
• ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
• ethylene glycol
• ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate)
• ethyl group
• ethyl 3-oxobutanoate (ethyl acetoacetate, acetoacetic ester)
• ethyne (acetylene)
• etiolation
• Eu
• Eubacteria
• eucaryotic
• Euclidean geometry
• eudiometer
• eukaryotic (eucaryotic)
• Euler angles
• Euler's formula
• europium
• Eustachian tube
• eutectic
• Eutheria
• eutrophic
• eV
• evanescent wave
• evaporation
• even-even nucleus
• even function
• even number
• even-odd nucleus
• event
• event horizon
• evergreen
• evolution
• exa-
• EXAFS
• excess electron
• exchange interaction
• exchange operator
• excimer
• excitation
• excited state
• exciton
• exclusion principle
• excretion
• exergonic process
• exitance (emittance)
• exocrine gland
• exocytosis
• exoergic process
• exogamy
• exogenous
• exon
• exonuclease
• exoskeleton
• exosphere
• exothermic
• expanded polystyrene
• expansion of the Universe
• expansivity (coefficient of expansion)
• expectation (mean)
• expert system
• explant
• explicit equation
• explosion
• exponent
• exponential curve
• exponential decay
• exponential function
• exposure meter (light meter)
• expression
• expression vector
• extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)
• extensive property
• extensometer
• extinction
• extinction coefficient
• extracellular fluid (ECF)
• extraction
• extraordinary ray
• extrapolation
• extrinsic semiconductor
• eye
• eyepiece
• E-Z isomerism
• F
• f
• f
• F
• °F
• F
• F
• F1 (F2) generation
• face
• face-centred cubic (f.c.c., cubic close packing)
• facsimile
• factor
• factor VIII
• factor formulae
• factorial
• faculae
• FAD
• Fahrenheit scale
• fail-safe
• Fajans’ rules
• Fallopian tube
• fall-out
• family
• farad
• Faraday cage
• Faraday constant
• Faraday (electro-optical) effect
• Faraday's law (of induction)
• Faraday's laws (of electrolysis)
• far-field diffraction
• fast breeder reactor
• fast fission
• fast Fourier transform (FFT)
• fast neutron
• fast reactor (fast breeder reactor)
• fat
• fatigue (of metals)
• fatty acid
• fauna
• fax (facsimile)
• f-block elements
• f.c.c.
• Fe
• feedback
• Fehling's solution
• feldspars
• FEM
• femto-
• Fenton's reagent
• Fermat's last theorem
• Fermat's principle of least time
• fermentation
• fermenter (bioreactor)
• Fermi-Dirac statistics
• Fermi energy
• Fermi gas
• fermion
• Fermi surface
• fermium
• ferrate
• ferric
• ferric alum
• ferricyanide ion
• ferrimagnetism
• ferrite
• ferro-
• ferrocene
• ferrocyanide ion
• ferroelectric
• ferromagnetism
• ferrous
• ferroxyl indicator
• fertile
• fertilization (syngamy)
• fertilizer
• FET
• fetus
• Feynman diagram
• FFT
• Fibonacci number
• fibre
• fibre, optical
• fibrin
• fibrinogen
• fibula
• Fick's laws of diffusion
• fictitious force
• field
• field-effect transistor (FET)
• field emission
• field ionization
• file
• film badge
• filter
• filtrate
• filtration
• FIM
• fine structure
• fine-structure constant
• finite differences
• firedamp
• fire extinguisher
• Fischer projection
• Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
• fish
• fissile
• fission
• fissionable
• fitness
• fixation
• fixed stars
• flag
• flagellum (plural flagella)
• flame test
• flammable
• flare, solar
• flash photolysis
• flash point
• flat
• flavin
• flavin adenine dinucleotide
• flavonoids
• flavoprotein
• flavour
• F layer
• flint
• flip-flop (bistable)
• floating
• flocculation
• flop
• floppy disk
• flora
• flotation
• flotation, principle of
• flow chart
• flower
• flowering plant
• flowers of sulfur
• fl oz
• fluctuations
• fluid
• fluid mechanics
• fluorescence
• fluorescent tube
• fluoride
• fluorinating agent
• fluorine
• fluorite structure
• fluorodinitrobenzene
• fluorosulfonic acid
• fluorspar
• Fluothane
• flux
• flux density, magnetic
• fluxional molecules
• fluxmeter
• Fm
• FM
• f-number
• foam
• focal length
• focal plane
• focal ratio
• focus (plural foci)
• foetus (fetus)
• fog
• folic acid
• follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
• food chain
• fool's gold
• foot
• forbidden transition
• force
• force constant
• forced oscillation
• force ratio
• forebrain
• forensic science
• formaldehyde
• formalin
• formic acid
• formula
• formylation
• Fortran
• forward bias
• fossil
• fossil fuel
• Foucault pendulum
• four-colour theorem
• Fourier analysis
• Fourier series
• Fourier transform
• four-vector
• fovea
• Fr
• fractal
• fraction
• fractional crystallization
• fractional distillation (fractionation)
• fragmentation pattern
• frame of reference
• francium
• Franck-Condon principle
• Frasch process
• fraternal twins (dizygotic twins)
• Fraunhofer diffraction (far-field diffraction)
• Fraunhofer lines
• free electron
• free-electron approximation
• free energy
• free fall
• free radical
• free space
• freeze drying
• freezing
• freezing point
• freezing point depression
• Frenkel defect
• Freon
• frequency
• frequency band
• frequency distribution
• frequency modulation (FM)
• frequency response (transfer function)
• Fresnel diffraction
• Fresnel lens
• friction
• Friedel-Crafts reaction
• fringes
• frontier orbitals
• frost
• fructose
• fruit fly
• frustum
• FSD
• FSH
• ft
• FTP
• fuel cell
• fuel element
• fugacity
• fulcrum
• fullerite
• full-scale deflection (FSD)
• full-wave rectifier
• fulminate of mercury
• fumaric acid
• function
• functional group
• fundamental
• fundamental constant
• fundamental interactions
• fundamental particle
• fundamental theorem of algebra
• fundamental theorem of arithmetic
• fundamental theorem of calculus
• fundamental unit
• fungus (plural fungi)
• funicle
• furan
• furanose
• furfural
• fuse, electrical
• fused
• fusel oils
• fusion
• fuzzy logic
• G
• g
• g
• G
• G
• γ
• Ga
• GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
• Gabriel synthesis
• gadolinium
• gain
• galactose
• galaxy
• galena
• Galilean satellites
• Galilean spacetime
• Galilean telescope
• Galilean transformation
• gallium
• gallon
• galvanic cell
• galvanize
• galvanometer
• gamete
• gametophyte
• gamma-aminobutyric acid
• gamma decay
• gamma function
• gamma globulin
• gamma-iron
• gamma ray
• ganged circuits
• ganglion (plural ganglia)
• gap
• garnet
• gas
• gas chromatography (GC)
• gas constant (universal gas constant)
• gas-cooled reactor
• gas-discharge tube
• gas exchange (gaseous exchange)
• gasification of fuels
• gas laws
• gas oil
• gasoline (petrol)
• gastrin
• gas turbine
• gate
• gauge
• gauge boson
• gauge theory
• gauss
• Gaussian distribution
• Gauss's law
• Gay-Lussac's law
• GB
• GC
• GCMS
• Gd
• Ge
• Geiger counter (Geiger-Müller tube)
• Geiger-Marsden experiment
• gel
• gelatin
• gel electrophoresis
• gel filtration
• gelignite
• gem- (geminal-)
• gene
• gene cloning
• gene expression
• gene library
• gene pool
• gene probe
• generalized coordinates
• general (theory of) relativity
• general solution
• general term
• generating function
• generation time
• generator
• gene therapy
• genetically modified organism (GMO)
• genetic code
• genetic drift
• genetic engineering
• genetic fingerprinting (DNA profiling)
• genetic imprinting (genomic imprinting)
• genetic map (linkage map)
• genetics
• genome
• genotype
• genus (plural genera)
• geocentric system
• geodesic
• geological era
• geology
• geomagnetism
• geometric isomerism
• geometric mean
• geometric optics
• geometric progression
• geometry
• geophysics
• geostationary orbit
• geostrophic flow
• geosynchronous orbit
• geothermal energy
• geraniol
• germane
• germanium
• germ cell
• germination
• germ layers
• germ theory of disease
• gestation
• getter
• GeV
• GH
• ghosts
• giant (giant star)
• gibberellin (gibberellic acid, GA)
• Gibbs energy (Gibbs free energy, Gibbs function)
• Gibbs-Helmholtz equation
• Gibbs isotherm
• gibbsite
• GIF
• giga-
• gill
• gizzard
• glacial
• gland
• Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model
• glass
• glass electrode
• glass fibre
• Glauber's salt
• glaucoma
• GLC
• Gln
• global positioning system (GPS)
• global warming
• globular cluster
• globulin
• glomerulus (plural glomeruli)
• glottis
• glove box
• Glu
• glucagon
• glucose
• glucosinolate
• gluon
• glutamic acid (Glu)
• glutamine (Gln)
• gluten
• Glx
• Gly
• glyceraldehyde
• glyceride
• glycerol (glycerine, propane-1,2,3-triol)
• glyceryl trinitrate
• glycine (Gly)
• glycocalyx
• glycogen
• glycol
• glycolipid
• glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway)
• glycoprotein
• glycoside
• gnotobiotic
• Gödel's theorems
• goitre
• gold
• golden ratio (golden number)
• gold-leaf electroscope
• Goldschmidt process
• Golgi body (Golgi apparatus)
• gonad
• Gondwana (Gondwanaland)
• goniometer
• Gouy balance
• governor
• GPS
• grad
• grade (grad)
• gradient
• graduated
• graft (transplant)
• Graham's law
• grain
• gram (gramme)
• gram-atom
• gram molecular volume
• Gram's stain
• grand unified theory (GUT)
• granite
• granum (plural grana)
• graph
• graphic formula
• graphite (plumbago, black lead)
• graph theory
• graticule
• grating
• gravimetric analysis
• gravitation
• gravitational collapse
• gravitational constant
• gravitational field
• gravitational interaction
• gravitational mass
• gravitational wave
• gravitino
• graviton
• gravity (gravitation)
• gray
• great circle
• greenhouse effect
• Green's function
• green vitriol
• Gregorian calendar
• grey matter
• grid
• Grignard reaction
• ground
• ground state
• ground wave
• group
• group representation
• group speed
• group theory
• growth
• growth hormone (GH, somatotrophin)
• guanine
• guano
• guanosine
• guard cell
• Guldberg and Waage's law
• gum
• guncotton
• Gunn diode
• Gunn effect
• gunpowder
• gut
• GUT
• gutta-percha
• Gymnospermae
• gypsum
• gyration
• gyration, radius of
• gyrocompass
• gyromagnetic ratio (magnetogyric ratio)
• gyroscope
• H
• h
• H
• H+
• H
• H
• H5N1
• Haber-Bosch process (Haber process)
• habit (crystal habit)
• habitat
• Hadfield steel
• Hadley cell
• hadron
• haem (US heme)
• haematite
• haemoglobin (Hb)
• haemophilia
• hafnium
• hahnium
• hair
• half-cell
• half-equation (half-reaction)
• half-life
• half-reaction
• half-thickness
• half-wave plate
• half-wave potential
• half-wave rectifier
• halide
• halite structure
• Hall effect
• Halley's Comet
• Hall-Héroult process
• Hall probe
• haloalkane
• haloform
• halogenation
• halogenoalkane (haloalkane)
• halogens
• halon
• halothane (Fluothane)
• Hamiltonian
• Hamilton's equations
• Hamilton's principle
• haploid
• hapto
• haptotropism
• hard and soft acids and bases
• hard disk
• hardness
• hardness of water
• hard radiation
• hardware
• hard water
• harmonic
• harmonic function
• harmonic mean
• harmonic motion
• harmonic oscillator
• hartree
• Hartree-Fock theory (self-consistent field theory)
• Hartree theory
• Harvard classification
• hassium
• hausmannite
• Hawking radiation
• hazchem symbols
• Hb
• h.c.p.
• HDPE
• He
• health physics
• heart
• heat
• heat capacity
• heat engine
• heat equation
• heat exchanger
• heat of reaction (combustion, formation, neutralization, solution, etc.)
• heat pump
• heat radiation
• heat shield
• heat sink
• heat transfer
• Heaviside-Kennelly layer (E layer)
• heavy hydrogen
• heavy metal
• heavy water
• hectare
• Heisenberg uncertainty principle (indeterminacy principle)
• helicity
• heliocentric system
• helium
• helix
• Helmholtz coils
• Helmholtz free energy
• helper T cell (CD4+ cell)
• heme
• hemiacetal
• hemihydrate
• hemiketal
• hemisphere
• Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
• henry
• Henry's law
• heparin
• heptane
• herbaceous
• herbivore
• hereditary
• hermaphrodite
• hermetic seal
• Hermite polynomials
• Hermitian matrix
• heroin
• Heron's formula
• herpes virus
• hertz
• Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
• Hess's law (law of constant heat summation)
• heterochromatin
• heterocyclic aromatic compound
• heterodyne receiver
• heterogeneous catalyst
• heterojunction
• heterolysis
• heterolytic fission (heterolysis)
• heteropolar
• heterotroph (chemoorganotroph)
• heterozygous
• heuristic
• hexaammine
• hexaaqua (hexaaquo)
• hexachlorocyclohexane
• hexachlorophane (hexachlorophene)
• hexacyanoferrate(II) ion
• hexacyanoferrate(III) ion
• hexadecane
• hexadecimal (Hex)
• hexafluoroaluminate ion
• hexagon
• hexagonal close packing (hexagonal close-packed, h.c.p.)
• hexahelicene
• hexahydrate
• hexane
• hexanedioic acid (adipic acid)
• hexose
• Hf
• HF
• H field
• Hg
• hibernation
• Higgs boson (Higgs particle)
• high-energy physics
• highest common factor
• high frequency (HF)
• high-level language
• high-performance liquid chromatography
• high-spin complex
• high tension (HT)
• Hilbert space
• hindbrain
• hindrance
• His
• histamine
• histidine (His)
• histocompatibility
• histogram
• histology
• histone
• HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
• HLA system
• Ho
• hoarfrost
• Hoffman voltameter
• Hofmann degradation
• Hofmann rearrangement
• Hogness box (TATA box)
• hole
• holmium
• Holocene
• holoenzyme
• hologram
• holography
• holophytic
• holozoic
• homeobox
• homeomorphism
• homeostasis
• homeothermy
• homeotic genes
• hominid
• Homo
• HOMO
• homogeneous
• homogeneous catalyst
• homoiothermy (endothermy, warm-bloodedness)
• homologous
• homologous pair
• homologous series
• homologue
• homolytic fission (homolysis)
• homomorphism
• homonuclear diatomic molecule
• homopolar
• homozygous
• Hooke's law
• horizon
• horizontal
• hormone
• horsepower
• hour
• hp
• Hs
• HT
• HTML
• HTTP
• Hubble constant
• Hückel theory
• hue
• human (man)
• human genome project
• human immunodeficiency virus
• human leucocyte antigen system (HLA system)
• Hume-Rothery rules
• humerus
• humidity
• humus
• hundredweight
• Hund's rules
• hunting
• Huygens’ construction (Huygens’ principle)
• hybridization
• hybridoma
• hydantoin
• hydrate
• hydrated
• hydration
• hydraulic press
• hydrazine
• hydrazinium
• hydrazoic acid
• hydrazone
• hydride
• hydriodic acid
• hydro-
• hydroboration
• hydrobromic acid
• hydrocarbon
• hydrochloric acid
• hydrocortisone (cortisol)
• hydrocracking
• hydrocyanic acid (prussic acid)
• hydrodealkylation
• hydrodynamics
• hydroelectric power
• hydrofluoric acid
• hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)
• hydrogen
• hydrogenation
• hydrogen atom emission spectrum
• hydrogen bomb
• hydrogen bonding
• hydrogen bromide
• hydrogencarbonate ion (bicarbonate ion)
• hydrogen chloride
• hydrogen cyanide
• hydrogen electrode
• hydrogen fluoride
• hydrogen halide
• hydrogen iodide
• hydrogen ion
• hydrogenolysis
• hydrogen overvoltage (hydrogen overpotential)
• hydrogen peroxide
• hydrogen spectrum
• hydrogensulfate ion (bisulfate ion)
• hydrogen sulfide (sulfuretted hydrogen)
• hydrological cycle (water cycle)
• hydrology
• hydrolysis
• hydrolytic process
• hydrometer
• hydronium ion
• hydrophilic (literally ‘water-loving’)
• hydrophilic colloid
• hydrophobic (literally ‘water-hating’)
• hydrophobic colloid
• hydrophobic interaction
• hydroponics
• hydroquinone
• hydrosphere
• hydrostatic equation
• hydrostatics
• hydrous
• hydroxide ion
• hydroxonium ion
• hydroxy-
• hydroxyapatite
• hydroxybenzene
• hydroxylamine
• hydroxyl group
• hygrometer
• hygroscopic
• hyperbola
• hyperbolic functions
• hyperboloid
• hypercharge
• hyperconjugation
• hyperfine structure
• hypergolic
• hypermetropia (long-sight)
• hyperon
• hypersonic
• hypersphere
• hypertext
• hypha (plural hyphae)
• hypnotic
• hypo
• hypo-
• hypobromous acid (bromic(I) acid)
• hypochlorous acid (chloric(I) acid)
• hypogeal
• hypoiodous acid (iodic(I) acid)
• hypotenuse
• hypothalamus
• hypothesis
• hypothesis test
• hypsometer
• hysteresis
• Hz
• H zone
• I
• i
• i
• I
• I
• I band
• Ibuprofen
• -ic
• IC
• ice
• ice age
• Iceland spar
• ice point
• icon
• icosahedral
• icosahedron
• ICSH
• -ide
• ideal gas equation (perfect gas equation)
• ideal gas model (perfect gas model)
• ideal solution
• identical particles
• identical twins (monozygotic twins)
• identity
• IE
• iff
• Ig
• igneous rock
• ignition temperature
• IL-1, IL-2
• Ile
• ileum
• ilium
• illumination (illuminance)
• ilmenite
• image
• imaginary axis
• imaginary number
• imaginary part
• imago
• imidazole
• immersion objective
• immiscible
• immune response
• immune system
• immunization
• immunoassay
• immunoglobulin (Ig)
• immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF)
• impact parameter
• impedance
• impedance matching
• Imperial units
• impermeable
• implant
• implantation
• implicit equation
• implosion
• imprinting
• improper integral (infinite integral)
• improper rotation
• impulse
• impurity scattering
• in.
• In
• inbreeding
• incandescence
• incendiary device
• inch
• incidence angle (angle of incidence)
• inclination
• incoherent wave
• incomplete dominance
• incompressible
• increment
• incubation
• incus
• indefinite integral
• indene
• independent
• independent assortment
• independent migration of ions, law of
• independent variable
• indeterminacy principle
• indeterminate
• index (plural indices)
• indicator
• indicator diagram
• indicator species
• indigo
• indirect hydration
• indirect transition
• indistinguishable particles
• indium
• indole
• induced current
• induced e.m.f.
• inducer
• inductance
• induction
• induction, electromagnetic
• induction coil
• induction heating (radio-frequency heating)
• induction motor
• inductive effect
• inductor
• inelastic collision
• inelastic cross-section
• inequality
• inert gas
• inertia
• inertial frame
• inertial guidance (inertial navigation)
• inertial mass
• inert pair effect
• infection
• inferior
• infinite integral
• infinite series
• infinite set
• infinitesimal
• infinity
• inflammable
• inflationary Universe
• inflection (inflexion), point of
• inflorescence
• information theory
• infrared
• infrared spectroscopy
• infrasound
• inheritance
• inhibition
• inhibitor
• inhomogeneous semiconductor
• initial conditions
• injection
• injection moulding
• inner ear
• inner planets (terrestrial planets)
• inner product
• inner-sphere complex
• inoculation
• inoculum
• inorganic chemistry
• inositols
• input impedance
• insect
• insecticide
• insemination
• insertion reaction
• insertion sequence
• insolation
• insoluble
• instability
• instantaneous frequency
• instinct
• insulation
• insulator
• insulin
• integer
• integral
• integral calculus
• integrand
• integrated circuit (IC)
• integrating circuit
• integration
• integration by parts
• integration by substitution
• integument
• intensity
• intensive property
• interaction
• intercalation compounds
• intercellular
• intercept
• interface
• interference
• interferometer
• interferon
• interhalogen
• interleukin 1 (IL-1)
• interleukin 2 (IL-2)
• intermediate
• intermediate frequency
• intermetallic compound
• intermolecular forces
• internal combustion engine
• internal conversion
• internal energy
• internally compensated
• internal reflection
• internal resistance
• International Atomic Time (TAI)
• International Date Line
• international standard atmosphere (ISA)
• international system of units
• Internet
• interphase
• interpolation
• interpreter
• interquartile range
• interrupted continuous wave
• intersection
• interstellar medium
• interstellar space
• interstitial
• interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)
• interstitial compound
• intersystem crossing
• interval
• intestine
• intra-
• intrinsic semiconductor
• intron
• inulin
• in vacuo
• Invar
• invariant
• inverse element
• inverse function
• inverse hyperbolic functions
• inversely proportional
• inverse matrix
• inverse spinel
• inverse square law
• inverse trigonometric functions
• inversion
• inversion layer
• inversion of configuration
• inversion temperature
• invertase
• invertebrate
• inverter
• invert sugar
• in vitro
• in vivo
• involuntary muscle
• Io
• I/O
• iodate ion (iodate(v) ion)
• iodic(I) acid
• iodide ion
• iodine
• iodine number
• iodine(v) oxide
• iodoform (triiodomethane)
• ion
• ion exchange
• ion gauge
• ionic association (double decomposition)
• ionic atmosphere
• ionic bonding
• ionic product for water (ionic product of water)
• ionic radius
• ionic strength
• ionic theory
• ionization
• ionization chamber
• ionization energy (IE)
• ionization gauge (ion gauge)
• ionization potential
• ionizing radiation
• ion microprobe analysis
• ionosphere
• ionospheric wave (sky wave)
• ion pump
• Ir
• IR
• iridium
• iris
• iron
• iron-carbon phase diagram
• iron-containing organic compounds
• iron pyrites
• ironstone
• irradiance
• irradiation
• irrational number
• irritability
• irrotational
• ISA
• isatin
• ischium
• ISDN
• isenthalpic
• isentropic
• islets of Langerhans (islet cells)
• iso-
• isobar
• isobaric surface
• isobutane
• isobutyl alcohol
• isochore
• isochronous
• isocline
• isocyanate
• isocyanide
• isodynamic line
• isoelectric point (pl)
• isoelectronic
• isoenzyme (isozyme)
• isogonal line
• isolating mechanism
• isolation
• isolation method
• isoleucine (Ile)
• isomer
• isomer, nuclear
• isomerization
• isometric process
• isomorphic
• isomorphism
• isomorphous
• isomorphous replacement
• isonitrile (isocyanide)
• iso-octane
• isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene)
• isopropyl
• isosceles triangle
• isosmotic
• isospin
• isotactic polymer
• isotherm
• isothermal
• isotonic (isosmotic)
• isotope
• isotope effect
• isotopic spin (isospin)
• isotropic
• isozyme
• IT
• -ite
• iteration
• IUPAC
• J
• j
• j
• j
• J
• J
• Jacobian
• Jacob-Monod theory
• jade
• Jahn-Teller effect
• jamming
• jasper
• jaundice
• Java
• jejunum
• JET
• jet engine
• jet propulsion
• jet stream
• jj coupling
• Johnson noise
• joint
• Joint European Torus (JET)
• Jones reductor
• Josephson effect
• joule
• Joule heating (Joulean heating)
• Joule-Thomson effect (Joule-Kelvin effect)
• Jovian
• JPEG
• J/ψ particle
• J segment
• JUGFET
• jugular vein
• jumping gene
• junction diode
• junction transistor
• Jupiter
• Jurassic
• juvenile hormone (JH)
• K
• k
• k
• k
• k
• k
• K
• kainite
• kaolin
• kaon
• karyotype
• katharometer
• K capture
• KE
• keeper (armature)
• Kekulé structure
• Kel-F
• kelvin
• Kelvin balance
• Kelvin scale
• Kepler's laws
• keratin
• kernel
• kerosene (kerosine)
• Kerr cell
• Kerr effect
• ketene
• keto-enol tautomerism
• ketohexose
• ketone
• ketose
• Kevlar
• keyboard
• kg
• kHz
• kidney
• kieselguhr (diatomaceous earth, diatomite)
• killer T cell (cytotoxic CD8+ T cell)
• kilo-
• kilogram
• kilohertz
• kilowatt
• kilowatt-hour
• kinase
• kinematics
• kinematic viscosity
• kinetic energy (KE)
• kinetics
• kinetic theory of gases
• kinetochore
• kingdom
• kinin
• Kipp's apparatus
• Kirchhoff's laws
• Kjeldahl's method
• Klein bottle
• Klein-Gordon equation
• K lines
• klystron
• Κ mesons (kaons)
• knocking (pre-ignition)
• Knoevenagel reaction
• knot
• knot theory
• Knudsen flow
• Kohlrausch's law (law of independent migration of ions)
• Kolbe reaction
• Kr
• Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, TCA cycle)
• Kroll process
• Kronecker delta
• krypton
• K shell
• k-space
• Kundt's tube
• kW
• kWh
• L
• l
• L
• La
• labelling
• labile
• labium (plural labia)
• labrum (plural labra)
• lachrymal gland
• lachrymatory
• lac operon
• lacquer
• lactam
• lactate
• lactation
• lactic acid
• lactide
• lactone
• lactose
• laevorotatory
• Lagrange (undetermined) multipliers
• Lagrange's theorem
• Lagrangian
• Lamarckism
• lambda particle
• lambda phage
• lambda point
• Lambert's laws
• Lamb shift
• lamella (plural lamellae)
• lamina (plural laminae)
• laminar flow
• laminated iron
• Landau levels
• Langmuir isotherm
• lanthanide (lanthanoid, lanthanon, rare earth)
• lanthanide shift reagent
• lanthanoid
• lanthanon
• lanthanum
• lapis lazuli (lazurite)
• Laplace's equation
• Laplace transform
• Laplacian (Laplace operator)
• lapse rate
• Larmor precession
• larva (plural larvae)
• larynx
• laser
• laser printer
• Lassaigne's test
• latent heat
• lateral inversion
• latex
• latitude
• latitude, line of
• lattice
• lattice energy
• lattice enthalpy
• lattice plane
• lattice vector
• lattice vibration
• laughing gas
• launch window
• Laurasia
• lauroyl peroxide
• lava
• law
• lawrencium
• lazurite
• lb
• LCAO
• LC circuit
• LCD
• LCM
• LD50
• LDPE
• leaching
• lead
• lead accumulator
• lead-acid battery
• lead-chamber process
• leaded petrol
• leading diagonal
• lead tetraethyl
• leaf
• least action, principle of
• least common multiple (lowest common multiple, LCM)
• least-squares method
• least time
• leaving group
• Lebesgue integral
• Leblanc process
• Le Chatelier's principle
• lecithin (phosphatidylcholine)
• Leclanché cell
• LED
• LEED
• Legendre polynomials
• leguminous plant (legume)
• lemma
• lemniscate (lemniscate of Bernoulli)
• L enantiomer
• length contraction
• lens
• lenticel
• Lenz's law
• lepton
• leptotene
• LET
• Leu
• leucine (Leu)
• leucocyte (US leukocyte)
• leucoplast
• leukaemia
• lever
• Lewis acid
• Lewis base
• Lewis structure
• Lewis theory (of acids and bases)
• LF
• Ig
• LH
• Li
• lichen
• Liebig condenser (condenser)
• life cycle
• lifetime
• lift
• ligament
• ligand
• ligand field theory
• ligase
• light
• light, speed of
• light cone
• light-emitting diode (LED)
• lightning
• lightning conductor
• light reaction (light-dependent reaction)
• light year
• lignin
• lime
• limelight
• limestone
• limewater
• limit
• limit of integration
• limit of proportionality
• limnology
• linac
• Lindlar catalyst
• line
• linear
• linear absorption coefficient
• linear accelerator (linac)
• linear combination
• linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO)
• linear differential equation
• linear energy transfer (LET)
• linear equations
• linearly independent set
• linear motor
• linear programming
• linear relationship
• linear transformation
• line defect
• line integral
• line-of-sight velocity
• lineshape
• lines of flux
• lines of force
• line spectrum
• linewidth
• linkage map
• Linnaean system
• linoleic acid
• linolenic acid
• linotype
• linseed oil
• Liouville's theorem
• lipase
• lipid
• lipoprotein
• liposome
• liquefied petroleum gas
• liquid
• liquid chromatography
• liquid crystal
• liquid crystal display (LCD)
• liquid drop model
• liquidus
• LISP
• Lissajous figures
• Listeria
• lithal
• litharge
• lithium
• lithium alkyls
• lithium tetrahydridoaluminate (lithium aluminium hydride, lithal)
• lithography
• lithosphere
• litmus
• litre
• live
• liver
• lm
• ln
• load
• lobe
• local group
• localized
• local oscillator
• locant
• lock-and-key model
• locomotion
• locus
• lodestone
• log
• logarithm
• logarithmic series
• logic
• logic gate (gate, logical element, switching gate)
• LOGO
• log-off (logout)
• log-on (login)
• London force
• lone pair (non-bonding pair)
• long-day plant
• longitude
• longitude, line of
• longitudinal
• longitudinal wave
• long sight
• long terminal repeat (LTR)
• Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction
• Lorentz force
• Lorentzian function
• Lorentz transformation
• Loschmidt constant (Loschmidt number)
• loss factor (power factor)
• loudspeaker
• low-energy electron diffraction (LEED)
• lowering of vapour pressure
• lowest common multiple
• low frequency (LF)
• low-level language
• low-spin complex
• LOX
• LPG
• Lr
• LS coupling
• LSD
• LTR
• Lu
• Lucite
• lumen
• luminance
• luminescence
• luminosity
• luminous flux
• luminous intensity
• LUMO
• lunar eclipse
• lunar month
• lune
• lung
• Lurgi process
• luteinizing hormone (LH, interstitial cell stimulating hormone, ICSH)
• lutetium
• lux
• Lw
• lx
• l.y.
• Lyman series
• lymph
• lymphatic system
• lymphocyte
• lymphokine
• lymphoma
• lyophilic
• lyophilization (quick-freeze drying)
• lyophobic
• Lys
• lysergic acid diethylamide
• lysine (Lys)
• -lysis
• lysis
• lysogenic
• lysosome
• lysozyme
• M
• m
• m-
• m
• M
• M
• Mm
• Mr
• Ma
• μ
• machine
• machine code
• Mach number
• Mach's principle
• Maclaurin expansion
• McLeod gauge
• macro-
• macromolecule
• macronutrient
• macrophage
• macroscopic
• macrostate
• Madelung constant
• Magellanic Clouds
• magic numbers
• maglev
• magma
• magnesia
• magnesium
• magnet, permanent
• magnetic bottle
• magnetic circuit
• magnetic constant
• magnetic declination (magnetic variation)
• magnetic dip
• magnetic dipole
• magnetic domain
• magnetic field
• magnetic field strength (H field)
• magnetic flux
• magnetic flux density (B field)
• magnetic force
• magnetic inclination (magnetic dip)
• magnetic induction
• magnetic intensity
• magnetic levitation (maglev)
• magnetic lines of flux
• magnetic meridian (isogonal line)
• magnetic mirror
• magnetic moment (magnetic dipole moment)
• magnetic monopole
• magnetic north
• magnetic permeability
• magnetic pole
• magnetic potential
• magnetic quantum number
• magnetic resistance
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• magnetic storage
• magnetic susceptibility
• magnetic variation
• magnetism
• magnetism, terrestrial
• magnetite
• magnetization
• magneto
• magnetogyric ratio
• magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
• magnetometer
• magnetomotive force (m.m.f.)
• magneton
• magneto-optical effect
• magnetosphere
• magnetostriction
• magnetron
• magnification
• magnifying glass
• magnitude
• Magnoliopsida (Angiospermophyta)
• Magnox
• Magnus effect
• main
• mainframe
• main sequence
• major axis
• major histocompatibility complex (locus) (MHC, MHL)
• majority carrier
• malachite
• malaria
• maleic acid
• maleic anhydride
• malleable
• Malpighian layer
• Malus's law
• mammal
• mammary glands
• man
• Mandelbrot set
• manganate(VI) ion (manganate ion)
• manganate(VII) ion (permanganate ion)
• manganese
• manganese(IV) oxide (manganese dioxide)
• manometer
• mantle
• mapping
• map projection
• marble
• mare (plural maria)
• Mariotte's law
• marker
• Markov chain
• Markovnikov's rule
• Mars
• Marsh's test
• marsupial
• martensite
• mascon
• maser
• mass
• mass action, law of
• mass decrement
• mass defect
• mass-energy relation
• massless particle
• mass number
• mass spectrograph
• mass spectrometer
• mass spectrum
• mast cell
• matched load
• matched termination
• materials science
• mathematics
• matrix
• matrix isolation
• matrix mechanics
• maximum
• maximum multiplicity, law of
• maxwell
• Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (Max-wellian distribution)
• Maxwell's demon
• Maxwell's equations
• Mb
• mbar
• MBE
• Md
• Me
• mean
• mean free path
• mean free time
• mean life
• mean solar time (local mean solar time)
• mechanical advantage (force ratio)
• mechanical equivalent of heat
• mechanics
• mechanism
• median
• median lethal dose
• medical physics
• medicine
• medium
• medium frequency (MF)
• medulla oblongata
• mega-
• megabase
• megabyte
• megahertz
• meiosis
• Meissner effect
• meitnerium
• melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine)
• melanin
• melatonin
• melting
• melting point (melting temperature, freezing point)
• membrane
• membrane cell
• memory
• memory cell
• mendelevium
• Mendel's laws
• Mendel's first law (law of segregation):
• Mendel's second law (law of independent assortment):
• meninges
• meningitis
• meniscus
• menstrual cycle
• mensuration
• menthol
• mercaptans
• Mercator projection
• mercury
• Mercury
• mercury cell
• mercury(II) fulminate
• mercury vapour lamp
• meridian (terrestrial meridian)
• meridian, celestial
• meristem
• Merrifield synthesis
• Mersenne prime
• mesencephalon
• mesoderm
• meso isomer
• mesomeric effect
• meson
• mesophyll
• mesosphere
• mesotrophic
• Mesozoic
• messenger RNA (mRNA)
• Met
• meta
• metabolic rate
• metabolism
• metabolite
• metal
• metaldehyde
• metal fatigue
• metallic bonding
• metallocene
• metalloid
• metallurgy
• metamorphic rock
• metamorphosis
• metaphase
• metaphosphoric acid
• metastable
• metathesis
• Metazoa
• meteor
• meteorite
• meteoroid
• meteorology
• meteor shower
• meter
• methanal (formaldehyde)
• methane
• methanoic acid (formic acid)
• methanol (methyl alcohol)
• methionine (Met)
• methyl alcohol
• methylamine
• methylated spirit (‘meths’, US denatured alcohol)
• methylation
• methylbenzene (toluene)
• methylene
• methylene blue
• methylene dichloride
• methyl group
• methyl 2-methylpropenoate (methyl methacrylate)
• methyl orange
• methylpropane (2-methylpropane, iso-butane)
• methyl tert -butyl ether
• metre (US meter) Symbol m.
• metric
• metric space
• metric system
• metric ton
• metrology
• MeV
• MF
• Mg
• MHC
• MHD
• MHL
• mho
• MHz
• mica
• micelle
• Michaelis-Menten equation
• Michael reaction
• Michelson-Morley experiment
• micro-
• microbe
• microbiology
• microcomputer
• microcrystalline
• microelectronics
• micrometer
• micrometre (US micrometer)
• micron
• micronutrient
• microorganism (microbe)
• microphone
• microprocessor
• micropyle
• microscope
• microscopic
• microsecond
• microstate
• microtome
• microtubule
• microwave
• microwave background
• microwave spectroscopy
• midbrain
• middle ear
• middle lamella
• migration
• mile, nautical
• mile, statute
• milk
• milk of magnesia
• Milky Way
• Miller indices
• milli-
• millibar
• millilitre
• millimetre (US millimeter)
• MIME
• mineral
• mineral acid
• minicomputer
• minimum
• Minkowski spacetime
• minor axis
• minority carrier
• minor planet
• minute
• Miocene
• MIPS
• mirror
• mirror image
• mirror plane
• miscibility
• mist
• mitochondrion (plural mitochondria)
• mitosis
• Mitscherlich's law (of isomorphism)
• mixed oxide
• mixture
• m.k.s. system
• ml
• mm
• m.m.f.
• mmHg
• Mn
• Mo
• MO
• mobile element
• mobile phase
• mobility
• Möbius strip
• mode
• modem
• moderator
• modular arithmetic
• modulation
• modulus
• Moho (Mohorovičić discontinuity)
• Mohr's salt
• Mohs scale
• moiré pattern
• mol
• molality
• molar conductivity
• molarity
• molar mass
• molar volume
• mole
• molecular beam
• molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)
• molecular biology
• molecular formula
• molecularity
• molecular map
• molecular orbital (MO)
• molecular sieve
• molecular weight
• molecule
• mole fraction
• mollusc (US mollusk)
• molybdenum
• moment
• moment, magnetic
• moment of force
• moment of inertia
• momentum
• momentum, angular
• momentum, conservation of
• monatomic
• Mond process
• Monel
• Monera
• monobasic acid
• monochromatic
• monoclinic
• monoclonal antibody
• monocotyledon
• monocyte
• monodentate ligand
• monoecious
• monohybrid
• monolayer
• monomer
• monomeric
• monophyletic
• monosaccharide
• monosodium glutamate (MSG)
• monotonic
• monotreme
• monotropy
• monoxide
• monozygotic twins
• Monte Carlo method
• month
• Moon
• Morgan-Keenan classification
• morphine
• morphogenesis
• morphology
• mortar
• Moseley's law
• MOSFET
• Mössbauer effect
• motion, equations of
• motion, laws of
• motion under uniform acceleration
• motor
• motor neurone
• moving-coil ammeter
• moving-magnet ammeter (moving-iron ammeter)
• MPEG
• MRI
• mRNA
• Mt
• MTBE
• mucus
• Mulliken scale
• multicellular
• multicentre bonds
• multimeter
• multiple
• multiple bonding
• multiple integral
• multiple proportions, law of
• multiple star
• multiplet
• multiplication
• multiplicity
• multipole
• multitasking
• muon
• murexide
• muscle
• muscovite (white mica)
• mustard gas
• mutagen
• mutant
• mutation
• mutual inductance
• mutual induction
• mutualism
• mutually exclusive
• mycelium
• mycology
• Mycota
• myelin sheath
• myeloid tissue
• myeloma
• myoglobin
• myopia (short-sightedness)
• myosin
• myriapod
• myxovirus
• N
• n
• N
• N
• Na
• NA
• nabla
• NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, coenzyme I)
• NADH
• nadir
• NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, coenzyme II)
• NADPH
• nano-
• nanometre (US nanometer)
• nanosecond
• nanotechnology
• naphtha
• naphthalene
• naphthol
• Napierian logarithm
• narcotic drug
• nascent hydrogen
• nastic movements (nasties)
• native
• natural frequency
• natural gas
• natural logarithm
• natural number
• natural selection
• natural units
• nautical mile
• Navier-Stokes equation
• Nb
• Nd
• Ne
• nearly-free-electron approximation
• nebula (plural nebulae)
• necessary condition
• nectar
• Néel temperature
• negative
• negative feedback
• nekton
• nematic liquid crystal
• nematode
• neodymium
• Neolithic (New Stone Age)
• neon
• neoplasm
• neoprene rubber
• neoteny
• nephroid
• nephron
• Neptune
• neptunium
• Nernst effect
• Nernst equation
• nerve cord
• nerve gas
• nerve impulse
• nervous system
• Nessler's reagent
• network
• neural network (neural net)
• neurohormone
• neurone (neuron)
• neurotransmitter
• neutral
• neutralization
• neutrino
• neutron
• neutron diffraction
• neutron number
• neutron star
• Newlands’ law of octaves
• Newman projection
• newton
• Newtonian fluid
• Newtonian mechanics
• Newtonian telescope
• Newton-Raphson method
• Newton's experimental law
• Newton's law of cooling
• Newton's law of (universal) gravitation
• Newton's laws of motion
• Newton's rings
• Ni
• niacin
• niche
• Nichrome
• nickel
• nickel arsenide structure (NiAs structure)
• nickel-cadmium cell (nickel-cadmium battery)
• Nicol prism
• nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
• nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
• nicotine
• ninhydrin
• niobium
• nitrate ion (nitrate(v) ion)
• nitrating mixture
• nitration
• nitrazepam
• nitre
• nitric acid (nitric(v) acid)
• nitric oxide
• nitride
• nitrifying bacteria
• nitrile
• nitrite ion (nitrate(III) ion)
• nitro-
• nitrobenzene
• nitrogen
• nitrogenase
• nitrogen cycle
• nitrogen dioxide
• nitrogen fixation
• nitrogenous base
• nitrogenous fertilizer
• nitrogen oxide (nitrogen monoxide, nitric oxide)
• nitroglycerine
• nitro group
• nitrous acid (nitric(III) acid)
• nitrous oxide
• nm
• NMR
• No
• NOx
• nobelium
• Nobel prize
• noble gases (inert gases, rare gases)
• noble metal
• node
• node of Ranvier
• noise
• Nomex
• nonane
• non-aqueous solvent
• non-competitive inhibition
• non-conductor
• non-Euclidean geometry
• non-ferrous metal
• non-linear
• non-metal
• non-Newtonian fluid
• non-polar molecule
• non-radiative transition
• nonsense codon
• non-singular matrix
• non-stoichiometric compound
• noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
• norm
• normal
• normal distribution
• normalization
• normal mode (mode)
• northern blotting
• Norton's theorem
• notochord
• nova (plural novae)
• Np
• NP-complete
• NPK fertilizer
• n-p-n transistor
• ns
• n-type semiconductor
• nuclear battery
• nuclear cross-section
• nuclear energy
• nuclear fission
• nuclear force
• nuclear fuel
• nuclear fusion
• nuclear isomer
• nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
• nuclear magneton
• nuclear medicine
• nuclear physics
• nuclear power
• nuclear reaction
• nuclear reactor
• nuclear spin
• nuclear waste (radioactive waste)
• nuclear weapon (nuclear bomb)
• nuclease
• nucleation
• nucleic acid
• nucleolus (plural nucleoli)
• nucleon
• nucleon number (mass number)
• nucleophile
• nucleophilic substitution
• nucleoplasm
• nucleoprotein
• nucleoside
• nucleotide
• nucleus (plural nuclei)
• nuclide
• null
• null hypothesis
• number theory
• numerator
• numerical analysis
• numerical aperture (NA)
• numerical integration
• nutation
• nutrient
• nylon
• Nyquist's frequency
• O
• o-
• O
• Ω
• objective
• object-oriented program
• oblate spheroid
• oblique
• observable
• obtuse angle
• Occam's razor (Ockham's razor)
• occlusion
• occultation
• occupation number
• ochre codon
• octadecanoic acid
• octagon
• octahedral
• octahedron
• octane
• octane number
• octant
• octet rule
• ocular
• odd function
• odd number
• odd parity
• oesophagus (US esophagus)
• oestrogen (US estrogen)
• oestrous cycle
• off-line
• ohm
• Ohm's law
• oil
• oil of vitriol
• oil of wintergreen
• -ol
• Olbers’ paradox
• olefin
• oleic acid (cis-octadec-9-enoic acid)
• oleum
• olfaction
• oligo-
• Oligocene
• oligosaccharide
• oligotrophic
• olivine
• omega-minus
• omnivore
• oncogene
• one-to-one correspondence
• on-line
• ontogeny
• oocyte
• oogenesis
• oogonium
• opal
• op-amp
• opaque
• open circuit
• open cluster
• open-hearth furnace
• open reading frame
• open set
• open system
• operating point
• operating system
• operational amplifier (op-amp)
• operator
• operon
• opiate
• opium
• opposition
• opsin
• optical activity
• optical axis
• optical centre
• optical fibre
• optical glass
• optical isomer
• optically flat
• optical path
• optical pumping
• optical pyrometer
• optical telescope
• optic axis
• optics
• optoelectronics
• optoisolator
• oral contraceptive
• orbit
• orbital
• orbital angular momentum
• orbital angular momentum quantum number (azimuthal quantum number)
• order
• order of diffraction
• order of magnitude
• order of reaction
• ordinal number
• ordinary ray
• ordinate
• Ordovician
• ore
• organ
• organelle
• organic chemistry
• organism
• organometallic chemistry
• origin
• origin of replication
• ornithine
• orphon
• orpiment
• ortho
• orthoclase
• orthogonal
• orthonormal
• orthophosphoric acid
• orthorhombic
• Os
• oscillation
• oscillator
• oscilloscope (cathode-ray oscilloscope, CRO)
• osmiridium
• osmium
• osmoregulation
• osmosis
• osteoblast
• osteoclast
• Ostwald process
• Ostwald's dilution law
• Ostwald's isolation method
• Otto cycle
• ounce
• -ous
• outbreeding (exogamy)
• outer ear
• outer planets
• output impedance
• ovary
• overdamped
• overlap
• overtone
• overvoltage (overpotential)
• oviduct (Fallopian tube)
• ovulation
• ovule
• ovum (plural ova)
• oxalate
• oxalic acid
• oxidant (oxidizing agent)
• oxidation
• oxidation number (oxidation state)
• oxidative phosphorylation
• oxide
• oxidizing agent
• oxime
• oxirane
• oxoacid (oxyacid)
• oxoanion (oxyanion)
• oxonium ion (hydronium ion, hydroxonium ion)
• oxyacetylene flame
• oxyacid
• oxyanion
• oxygen
• oxygen carrier
• oxygen debt
• oxygen transport
• oxyhaemoglobin
• oxytetracycline (Terramycin)
• oxytocin
• oz
• ozone (trioxygen)
• ozone hole
• ozone layer
• ozonolysis
• P
• p
• p-
• P
• P
• π
• Ψ
• Ψ particle
• Pa
• PABA
• pacemaker
• pachytene
• packing density
• pairing of electrons
• pair production
• Palaeocene
• Palaeozoic
• palladium
• palmitic acid
• palynology
• panchromatic film
• pancreas
• Paneth mirror
• Pangea
• pantothenic acid
• paper chromatography
• papillomavirus
• papovavirus
• para
• parabola
• paraboloid
• paracetamol (acetaminophen)
• paraffin
• paraffins
• paraldehyde
• parallax
• parallel
• parallelepiped
• parallelogram
• parallelogram of vectors, forces, velocities
• parallel postulate
• parallel processing
• parallel-transport
• paramagnetism
• parameter
• parasitism
• parasympathetic nervous system
• paraxial ray
• parent nuclide
• parity (space inversion)
• parsec
• parthenogenesis
• partial derivative
• partial differential equation
• partial differentiation
• partial fractions
• partial pressure
• particle
• particle accelerator
• particle in a box
• particle physics
• particular integral (particular solution)
• partition (distribution)
• partition function
• parton
• pascal
• Pascal
• Pascal's law of fluid pressure
• Pascal's triangle
• Paschen-Back effect
• Paschen series
• passivation (passivity)
• passive component
• passive transport
• pasteurization
• pathogen
• patina
• Pauli exclusion principle
• Pauli matrices
• Pauling electronegativity
• Pauli paramagnetism
• Pauli (exclusion) principle
• Pb
• p-block elements
• pBR322
• PCB
• PCR
• p.d.
• Pd
• peak factor
• pearlite
• peat
• pectin
• pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle)
• pelagic
• P element
• Peltier effect
• pelvic girdle (pelvis)
• pendulum
• penicillin
• penis
• pentadactyl limb
• pentagon
• pentahydrate
• pentane
• pentose
• penumbra
• pepsin
• peptidase
• peptide
• peptide bond (peptide link)
• percentage
• percentile
• perchlorate (chlorate (VII))
• perchloric acid (chloric(VII) acid)
• perennial
• perfect gas equation
• perfect gas model
• perfect number
• perianth
• pericardial cavity
• pericarp
• periderm
• perigee
• perihelion
• perilymph
• perimeter
• period
• periodic function
• periodic system
• periodic table
• peripheral
• peripheral nervous system
• peristalsis
• peritoneum
• Perkin reaction
• Permalloy
• permanent hardness
• permanent magnetism
• permanganate ion
• permeability
• permeability of free space
• permeance
• Permian
• permittivity
• permittivity of free space
• permutation
• perovskite structure
• peroxide
• perpendicular (orthogonal, normal)
• Perspex
• perturbation
• perturbation theory
• PES
• peta-
• petal
• petiole
• PETN
• Petri dish
• petrochemical
• petrol
• petroleum (crude oil)
• petroleum ether (‘pet ether’)
• pewter
• Pfund series
• pH
• Ph
• phage
• phagocyte
• phagocytosis
• pharmacology
• pharynx
• phase
• phase-contrast microscopy
• phase diagram
• phase difference
• phase modulation
• phase of the Moon
• phase rule
• phase shift
• phase space
• phase speed (phase velocity)
• phase-transfer catalysis
• phase transition
• phasor
• Phe
• phellem
• phenacetin
• phenanthrene
• phenetic
• phenol
• phenol-formaldehyde resins (phenol-methanal resins)
• phenolphthalein
• phenotype
• phenylalanine (Phe)
• phenylamine
• phenylethanone
• phenylethene (styrene)
• phenyl group
• phenylhydrazine
• phenylmagnesium halides
• pheromone
• phloem
• pH meter
• phonon
• phosgene
• phosphate
• phosphate coating (phosphate dip)
• phosphide
• phosphine
• phospholipid
• phosphonic acid
• phosphorescence
• phosphoric acid
• phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid)
• phosphorus
• phosphorus pentachloride (phosphorus(v) chloride)
• phosphorus pentoxide (phosphorus(v) oxide)
• phosphorylase
• photocell
• photochemistry
• photochromic glass
• photoconductive effect
• photodetector
• photodiode
• photodisintegration
• photoelasticity
• photoelectric effect
• photoelectron spectroscopy (PES)
• photoemission
• photography
• photoionization
• photolithography
• photoluminescence
• photolysis
• photometer
• photomultiplier
• photon
• photoperiodism
• photophosphorylation
• photosphere
• photosynthesis
• photosystem
• phototaxis
• phototransistor
• phototropism
• phthalic acid
• phthalic anhydride
• phthalimide
• phycobilin
• phyletic
• phylum (plural phyla)
• physical change
• physical chemistry
• physical map (molecular map)
• physics
• physiological saline
• physiology
• physisorption
• phytochrome
• phytohormone
• pi
• pi acid (II acid)
• pi base (II base)
• pi bond (II bond)
• pico-
• picofarad
• pi complex (II complex)
• picric acid
• pie chart
• piezoelectric effect
• pig iron
• pi meson
• pinch-off
• pineal gland
• pinna
• pinocytosis
• Pinopsida (Gymnospermae)
• pint
• pion (pi meson, II meson)
• pipette
• Pirani gauge
• pistil
• pitch
• Pitot tube
• pituitary gland
• pixel
• pK value
• placenta
• planar complex
• Planck constant
• Planck's law of radiation
• Planck units
• plane
• plane of symmetry
• plane-polarized
• planet
• planetary nebula
• plane wave
• plankton
• plano-
• plant
• plant growth substance (phytohormone)
• plaque
• plasma
• plasma cell
• plasma frequency
• plasma membrane
• plasmid
• plasmolysis
• plasmon
• plaster of Paris
• plastic deformation
• plasticizer
• plastics
• plastid
• platelet
• plate tectonics
• platform
• platforming
• plating
• platinum
• platinum black
• platinum metal
• Platonic solid
• Platyhelminthes
• Pleistocene
• Plexiglass
• Pliocene
• plumbago
• plumbate
• plumule
• Pluto
• plutonium
• Pm
• PMR
• PNG
• pnicogens
• p-n junction
• p-n-p transistor
• Po
• poikilothermy (ectothermy, cold-bloodedness)
• point
• point defect
• point group
• point source
• poise
• Poiseuille flow
• Poisson distribution
• Poisson equation
• Poisson's ratio
• polar bond
• polar coordinates
• polarimeter
• polarity
• polarizability
• polarization
• polarization, electric
• polarizer
• polarizing angle
• polar molecule
• polarography
• Polaroid
• polaron
• polar solvent
• pole
• pollen
• pollution
• polonium
• poly-
• polyacrylonitrile
• polyalkene
• polyamide
• polyatomic molecule
• polybasic acid
• polycarbonate
• polychlorinated biphenyl
• polychromatic
• polycrystalline
• polydentate ligand
• polyester
• polyethylene (polythene)
• polygon
• polyhedron
• polyhydric alcohol
• polymer
• polymerase
• polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
• polymerization
• poly(methyl methacrylate)
• polymorphism
• polynomial
• polynucleotide
• polypeptide
• polyphyletic
• polyploidy
• polypropylene
• polysaccharide
• polystyrene
• polysulfane
• polysulfide
• polytetrafluoroethene
• polythene
• polyunsaturated
• polyurethane
• polyvinyl chloride
• population
• population genetics
• population inversion
• population parameter
• p orbitals
• Porifera
• porphyrin
• portal system (portal vein)
• Portland cement
• position vector
• positive
• positive feedback
• positron
• positronium
• postactinide elements
• posterior
• postfix notation
• potash alum
• potassium
• potassium dichromate(VI) (potassium dichromate)
• potassium manganate(VII) (potassium permanganate)
• potential
• potential barrier
• potential difference (p.d., voltage)
• potential divider (voltage divider)
• potential energy
• potential flow
• potential well
• potentiometer
• Potentiometric titration
• pound
• pound per square inch
• powder photography
• power
• power amplifier
• power factor
• power of a lens
• power series
• poxvirus
• Poynting vector
• ppm
• Pr
• praseodymium
• pre-amplifier
• Precambrian
• precession
• precession of the equinoxes
• precipitate
• precipitation
• precision
• preon
• presbyopia
• pressure
• pressure gauge
• pressure potential
• pressurized water reactor (PWR)
• Pribnow box
• primary alcohol
• primary cell
• primary coil
• primary colour
• primary standard
• primary structure
• primary wave (P wave)
• primate
• prime meridian
• prime number
• primer
• primitive cell
• primitive cubic (simple cubic)
• primitive vector
• principal axis
• principal focus
• principal quantum number
• principle of least action
• printed circuit
• prion (proteinaceous infectious particle)
• prism
• Pro
• probability
• probability density function
• probability distribution
• probe (gene probe)
• procaryotic
• procedure
• producer
• producer gas
• product
• productivity
• product rule
• progesterone
• program
• progressive wave
• projection
• projective geometry
• prokaryotic (procaryotic)
• prolactin
• prolate spheroid
• proline (Pro)
• PROM
• promethium
• prominence
• promoter
• proof by contradiction
• proof by induction
• proof spirit
• propagation vector
• propanal
• propane
• propane-1,2,3-triol
• propanoic acid (propionic acid)
• propan-1-ol
• propan-2-ol (isopropanol)
• propanone (acetone)
• propene (propylene)
• proper motion
• proper time
• prophage
• prophase
• propionic acid
• proportional
• proportional counter
• propylene
• propyl group
• prosencephalon
• prostaglandin
• prostate gland
• prosthetic group
• protactinium
• protease
• protecting group
• protein
• protein blotting
• protein sequencing
• protein structure
• protein synthesis
• Proterozoic
• protium
• protoctistan
• protomer
• proton
• protonation
• proton (magnetic) resonance (PMR)
• proton microscope
• protonmotive force
• proton number
• proton-proton reaction
• proton synchrotron
• protoplasm
• protoplast
• protostar
• Protozoa
• provirus
• Prussian blue
• prussic acid
• pseudogene
• pseudohalogen
• pseudo-order
• pseudovector
• psi
• Pt
• PTFE
• p-type semiconductor
• Pu
• pubis
• pulmonary
• pulsar
• pulse
• pulse modulation
• punctuated equilibrium
• pupa (chrysalis)
• pupil
• purine
• Purkinje fibres (Purkynĕ fibres)
• putrescine
• PVC
• P wave
• PWR
• pyramid
• pyramid of numbers
• pyranose
• Pyrex
• pyridine
• pyridoxine
• pyrimidine
• pyrites (iron pyrites, pyrite)
• pyrogallol
• pyrolusite
• pyrolysis
• pyrometer
• pyrophoric
• pyroxenes
• pyrrole
• pyruvate
• pyruvic acid
• Pythagoras’ theorem
• Q
• q
• ℚ
• Q10 (temperature coefficient)
• QCD
• QED
• Q factor (quality factor)
• Q-switched laser
• quadrant
• quadrat
• quadratic
• quadrature
• quadric
• quadrilateral
• quadrupole
• qualitative analysis
• quanta
• quantitative analysis
• quantization
• quantum (plural quanta)
• quantum chromodynamics (QCD)
• quantum electrodynamics (QED)
• quantum electronics
• quantum field theory
• quantum gravity
• quantum jump
• quantum-mechanical system
• quantum mechanics
• quantum number
• quantum state
• quantum statistics
• quantum theory
• quantum yield
• quark
• quark confinement
• quart
• quarter-wave plate
• quartile
• quartz
• quartz crystal oscillator
• quasar (QSO)
• quasistatic change
• Quaternary
• quaternary salt
• quaternary structure
• quaternion
• quench
• quick-freeze drying
• quicklime (lime)
• quicksilver
• quiet Sun
• quinine
• quinone
• quotient
• quotient rule
• R
• R
• R
• (R)-
• ℝ
• ρ
• Ra
• race
• racemic mixture (racemate)
• rad
• radar
• radial
• radial velocity (line-of-sight velocity)
• radian
• radiance
• radiant flux
• radiant intensity
• radiation
• radiation belts
• radiation hazard
• radiation pressure
• radiation temperature
• radiation units
• radiative capture
• radiative collision
• radiative transition
• radical
• radical (free radical)
• radical chain reaction
• radical polymerization
• radicle
• radio
• radio-
• radioactive decay
• radioactive waste
• radioactivity
• radio astronomy
• radiocarbon dating
• radio frequency (r.f.)
• radio-frequency heating
• radio galaxy
• radio interferometer
• radioisotope
• radioluminescence
• radiolysis
• radionuclide
• radio receiver
• radio source
• radio telegraphy
• radio telephony
• radio telescope
• radiotherapy
• radium
• radius (plural radii)
• radius of curvature
• radius of gyration
• radius vector
• radix
• radon (radium emanation)
• raffinose
• rainbow
• r.a.m.
• RAM
• Raman effect
• random number
• random sample
• random variable
• random walk
• Raney nickel
• range
• rank
• Raoult's law
• rare earth
• rare gas
• Ras
• rate constant (rate coefficient, velocity constant)
• rate-limiting step (rate-determining step)
• rate of change
• rate of reaction
• ratio
• rational function
• rational number
• ray
• Rayleigh-Jeans law
• Rayleigh scattering
• rayon
• ray tracing
• Rb
• rDNA
• Re
• Re
• reactance
• reactant
• reaction
• reaction, chemical
• reaction quotient
• reactivity series
• reactor
• reading frame
• reagent
• real axis
• real gas
• real image
• real number
• real part
• real-time processing
• rearrangement
• receptor
• recessive
• reciprocal
• reciprocal lattice
• reciprocal proportions, law of (equivalent proportions, law of)
• recombinant DNA
• recombination
• recrystallization
• rectangle
• rectangular coordinates
• rectified spirit
• rectifier
• rectify
• rectilinear
• recurrence relation
• recurring decimal
• recursive procedure (recursive subroutine)
• red blood cell
• red giant
• red lead
• redox reaction
• redshift
• reduced instruction set computer
• reduced mass
• reductant (reducing agent)
• reductio ad absurdum
• reduction
• reference electrode
• reference state (of an element)
• refining
• reflectance
• reflecting telescope
• reflection
• reflection nebula
• reflex
• reflex angle
• reflux
• reforming
• refracting telescope
• refraction
• refractive index
• refractivity
• refractometer
• refractory
• refrigerant
• regenerator
• register
• regression
• relative
• relative aperture
• relative atomic mass (r.a.m., atomic weight)
• relative density
• relative error
• relative formula mass
• relative humidity
• relative molecular mass (r.m.m., molecular weight)
• relative permeability
• relative permittivity
• relativistic
• relativistic mass
• relativity
• relay
• reluctance (magnetic resistance)
• remainder
• remanence
• renewable energy source
• renormalization
• repeated DNA
• repeating decimal
• replication
• repressor
• reproduction
• reptile
• residue
• residue theorem
• resin
• resistance
• resistance thermometer
• resistivity
• resistor
• resolution
• resolving power
• resonance
• resonant circuit
• respiration
• respiratory chain
• respiratory quotient (RQ)
• response
• rest energy
• rest frame
• resting nucleus
• resting potential
• rest mass
• restriction enzyme (restriction endonuclease)
• restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
• restriction map
• resultant
• retardation (deceleration)
• retina
• retinol
• retort
• retrograde
• retrotransposon
• retrovirus
• reverse bias
• reverse genetics
• reverse osmosis
• reverse Polish notation (postfix notation)
• reverse transcriptase
• reverse transcription
• reversible
• reversible reaction
• Reynolds number
• r.f.
• Rf
• RFLP
• Rg
• Rh
• rhenium
• rheostat
• Rhesus factor
• rhodium
• rhodopsin
• rhombencephalon
• rhombohedral
• rhombus
• riboflavin
• ribonuclease (RNAase)
• ribonucleic acid
• ribose
• ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
• ribosome
• ribozyme (catalytic RNA)
• Richter scale
• Riemannian geometry
• Riemann integral
• right angle
• right-angled triangle
• right ascension
• rigid body (compound body)
• rigidity modulus
• ring closure
• Ringer's solution (physiological saline)
• ring main
• ring opening
• ring strain
• RISC processor
• r.m.m.
• r.m.s. value
• Rn
• RNA (ribonucleic acid)
• RNAase
• RNA polymerase
• robot
• Rochelle salt
• rocket
• rock-salt structure (halite structure)
• rod
• rodent
• roentgen
• roentgenium
• rolling friction
• ROM
• Röntgen rays
• root
• root mean square value (r.m.s. value)
• rotary converter
• rotation
• rotational spectrum
• rotational symmetry
• rotor
• roughage
• rounding error
• roundworm
• Royal Society, The
• RQ
• (R-S) system (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system)
• Ru
• rubber
• rubella (German measles)
• rubidium
• ruby
• Runge-Kutta method
• Russell-Saunders coupling
• rusting
• ruthenium
• rutherfordium
• Rutherford scattering
• rutile structure
• Rydberg-Ritz equation
• S
• s
• s-
• S
• S
• (S)-
• Σ
• Sabatier-Senderens process
• saccharin
• sacculus
• sacrificial protection
• saddle point
• sal ammoniac
• salbutamol (Ventolin)
• salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid)
• saline
• saliva
• salivary gland
• Salmonella
• salt
• salt bridge
• salt cake
• salting out
• saltpetre (nitre)
• samarium
• sample
• sampling
• sand
• Sandmeyer reaction
• sandstone
• sandwich compound
• Sanger's reagent
• saponification
• sapphire
• saprotroph (saprophyte)
• sarcoma
• sarin
• SARS
• satellite
• satellite DNA
• saturated
• saturated compound
• saturated solution
• saturated vapour pressure (SVP)
• saturation
• Saturn
• SAW
• sawtooth
• Sb
• s-block elements
• SBR
• Sc
• scalar
• scalar field
• scalar product (dot product)
• scalar triple product
• scaler
• scaling
• scan
• scandium
• scanning electron microscope (SEM)
• scanning tunnelling microscope (STM)
• scatter diag ram
• scattering
• scattering cross-section
• SCF theory
• Scheele's green
• Schiff's reagent
• Schlieren photography
• Schottky defect
• Schottky diode
• Schottky noise (shot noise)
• Schrödinger equation
• Schwann cell
• Schwarzschild radius
• science
• scintillation counter
• sclera
• scleroprotein
• SCP
• SCR
• screening
• Se
• seaborgium
• search engine
• sea water
• sebaceous gland
• sec
• sec-
• secant
• sech
• second
• secondary
• secondary cell
• secondary coil
• secondary colour
• secondary electron
• secondary structure
• secondary wave (S wave)
• second derivative
• second law of thermodynamics
• second quantization
• secretin
• section
• sector
• secular equation
• secular variation
• sedimentary rock
• Seebeck effect
• seed
• seeding
• seed plants
• segment
• segregation
• seismic wave
• seismology
• selection pressure
• selection rule
• selectively permeable membrane (semi-permeable membrane, SPM)
• selenium
• self-consistent field (SCF) theory
• self-exciting generator
• self-inductance
• selfish gene (selfish DNA)
• SEM
• semen
• semicarbazide
• semiclassical model
• semiconductor
• semiconductor diode
• semiconductor junction
• semimetal
• semi-permeable membrane
• sense organ
• sensitivity
• sensory neurone
• sepal
• separating funnel
• separation energy
• sequence
• sequestration
• Ser
• series
• serine (Ser)
• serology
• serotonin
• Sertoli cell
• serum
• serum albumin
• sesquicarbonate
• sesquioxide
• set
• sex chromosome
• sex hormones
• sex-linkage
• sexual reproduction
• sexual selection
• Seyfert galaxy
• Sg
• shadow
• SHE
• shear
• shear modulus (rigidity modulus)
• shear strain
• shear stress
• shear wave
• shell
• shell model
• SHF
• shielding constant
• shift reaction
• shift reagent
• SHM
• shock wave
• shoot
• short circuit
• short-day plant
• short sight
• shoulder girdle
• shower
• shunt
• shuttle vector
• Si
• sickle cell anaemia
• side chain
• sidereal
• sidereal day
• sidereal month
• sidereal period
• sidereal year
• siemens
• sievert
• sigma bond (σ bond)
• sigma particle
• signal
• signal-to-noise ratio
• significance level
• significant figures
• silanes
• silica (silicon dioxide)
• silica gel
• silicate
• silicon
• silicon carbide (carborundum)
• silicon chip
• silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR)
• silicone (siloxane)
• Silurian
• silver
• silver halide
• silver nitrate
• simian virus 40
• similar
• Simmons-Smith reagent
• simple harmonic motion (SHM)
• simple pendulum
• simplex
• simplex method
• Simpson's rule
• simulation
• simultaneous equations
• sin
• sine
• sine curve (sine wave, sinusoid)
• sine rule
• single bond
• single-cell protein (SCP)
• singlet state
• singularity
• sinh
• sinter
• sinus
• sinusoidal
• siphon
• SI units
• skeleton
• skin
• skin effect
• skin friction
• skip distance
• skull
• sky wave
• slag
• slaked lime
• sleep movements
• slip
• slip plane
• slip ring
• slow virus
• slurry
• Sm
• small intestine
• smallpox
• smectic liquid crystal
• smog
• smoke
• Sn
• Snell's law
• snRNP (pronounced ‘snurp’)
• snurp
• soap
• soda-ash
• soda-lime
• sodamide (sodium amide)
• sodium
• sodium bismuthate
• sodium borohydride
• sodium carbonate
• sodium chloride (common salt, rock-salt)
• sodium cyclamate
• sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)
• sodium pump
• sodium spectrum
• sodium sulfite
• sodium tetrahydridoborate (sodium borohydride)
• sodium thiosulfate
• soft acids and bases
• soft radiation
• software
• soft water
• soil
• sol
• solar cell
• solar constant
• solar cycle
• solar day
• solar energy
• solar flare
• solar power
• Solar System
• solar units
• solar wind
• solder
• solenoid
• solid
• solid angle
• solid of revolution
• solid state physics
• solidus
• solstice
• solubility
• solubility product
• soluble
• soluble RNA (sRNA)
• solute
• solution
• solvation
• Solvay process (ammonia-soda process)
• solvent
• solvent extraction
• somatic cell
• somatotrophin
• sonar
• sonic boom
• s orbital
• sorption pump
• sound
• sound pressure level
• source
• source code
• Southern blotting
• Soxhlet extractor
• space
• space-charge
• spacecraft
• space group
• space inversion
• space-like
• space probe
• spacetime
• spallation
• spark
• spark photography
• Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
• special function
• special (theory of) relativity
• special unitary group
• speciation
• species
• specific
• specific gravity
• specific heat capacity (specific heat)
• specific latent heat
• specific resistance
• speckle interferometer
• spectator ion
• spectra
• spectral
• spectral line
• spectral series
• spectral type (spectral class)
• spectrochemical series
• spectroheliogram
• spectrometer (spectroscope)
• spectrophotometer
• spectroscope
• spectroscopic binary
• spectroscopy
• spectrum
• specular reflection
• speed
• speed of light (in a vacuum)
• spermatogenesis
• Spermatophyta (seed plants)
• spermatozoon
• sphalerite
• sphere
• spherical aberration
• spherical harmonic
• spherical polar coordinates
• spherical wave
• spheroid
• sphincter
• spin
• spinal column
• spinal cord
• spin angular momentum quantum number
• spindle
• spine
• spinel
• spin glass
• spinneret
• spin-orbit coupling
• spin quantization
• spiracle
• spiral
• spiral galaxy
• spleen
• splicing
• SPM
• sponge
• spontaneous emission
• spontaneous fission
• spontaneous reaction
• spore
• sporophyte
• spreadsheet
• spring balance
• spring constant
• SPS
• sputtering
• square
• square matrix
• square-planar complex
• square root
• square wave
• SQUID
• Sr
• stability
• stability constant
• stable
• staining
• stainless steel
• stamen
• standard atmosphere
• standard deviation
• standard electrode potential
• standard enthalpy change (standard reaction enthalpy)
• standard enthalpy change of combustion (standard combustion enthalpy)
• standard enthalpy change of formation (standard formation enthalpy)
• standard form (scientific notation, exponential notation)
• standard Gibbs energy change (standard reaction Gibbs energy)
• standard Gibbs energy change of formation (standard formation Gibbs energy)
• standard hydrogen electrode (SHE, standard hydrogen half-cell)
• standard model
• standard reduction potential
• standard solution
• standard state (of a substance)
• standard temperature and pressure (STP)
• standing wave (stationary wave)
• stannane
• stapes
• staphylococcus
• star
• starch
• Stark effect
• start codon (initiating codon)
• state
• state function
• states of matter
• state symbols
• static
• static electricity
• static friction
• static pressure
• statics
• stationary orbit
• stationary phase
• stationary point
• stationary state
• stationary-state approximation
• stationary wave
• statistic
• statistical inference
• statistical mechanics
• statistics
• stator
• steady state
• steady-state approximation (stationary-state approximation)
• steady-state theory
• steam
• steam distillation
• steam engine
• steam point
• stearic acid (octadecanoic acid)
• steel
• Stefan-Boltzmann constant
• stellar
• Stellar evolution
• stem
• stem cell
• steradian
• stereochemistry
• stereographic projection (stereogram)
• stereoisomerism
• stereoregular polymer
• stereospecific reaction
• steric hindrance
• Stern-Gerlach experiment
• steroid
• stibnite (antimony glance)
• sticky ends
• stigma
• still
• stimulated emission
• stimulus
• Stirling's formula (Stirling's approximation)
• STM
• stochastic process
• stoichiometric
• stokes
• Stokes's law
• Stokes's theorem
• stoma
• stomach
• stop
• stop codon
• stopping power
• STP
• straight-chain isomer
• strain
• strain gauge
• strain hardening
• strange attractor
• strangeness
• strange quark
• stratopause
• stratosphere
• streamline
• streptococcus
• stress
• stress-energy tensor
• string theory
• stroboscope (strobe)
• stroma
• strong acid
• strong base (strong alkali)
• strong electrolyte
• strong interaction
• strontium
• structural formula
• structural isomer
• structure factor
• strychnine
• style
• styptic
• styrene
• styrene-butadiene rubber
• SU(3)
• subatomic particle
• subcutaneous
• sublimate
• sublimation
• submillimetre
• subroutine (procedure)
• subset
• subshell
• subsonic
• substituent
• substitution reaction
• substrate
• substratum
• subtend
• subtraction
• succinic acid
• succinic anhydride
• succus entericus
• sucrase
• sucrose (cane sugar, beet sugar, household ‘sugar’)
• sufficient condition
• sugar
• sulfa drugs (sulfonamide drugs)
• sulfamic acid
• sulfane
• sulfanilamide
• sulfanilic acid (p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid)
• sulfate
• sulfide
• sulfite ion (sulf ate(IV) ion)
• sulfonamide drugs
• sulfonation
• sulfoxide
• sulfur (traditional UK sulphur)
• sulfur dichloride dioxide (sulfuryl chloride)
• sulfur dichloride oxide (thionyl chloride)
• sulfur dioxide
• sulfuric acid (sulfuric(VI) acid)
• sulfurous acid (sulfuric(IV) acid)
• sulfur oxoacid
• sulfur trioxide
• sulfuryl chloride
• sulphur
• summation check
• summation notation
• Sun
• sunspot
• superacid
• supercomputer
• superconducting quantum interference device
• superconductivity
• supercooling
• superfluid
• supergiant
• supergravity
• superheated
• superheterodyne (superhet) receiver
• super high frequency (SHF)
• superior
• supernatant liquid
• supernova
• superoxide
• superphosphate of lime
• superposition
• supersaturated solution
• supersonic
• supersymmetry
• supplementary angles
• supplementary unit
• surd
• surface
• surface acoustic wave (SAW)
• surface integral
• surface of revolution
• surface tension
• surgical spirit
• susceptance
• susceptibility
• suspension
• SV40 (simian virus 40)
• SVP
• S wave
• sweat gland
• sweetener
• sylvine (sylvite)
• symbiosis
• symbol, chemical
• symbolic logic
• symmetric function
• symmetric matrix
• symmetry element
• symmetry group
• symmetry transformation
• sympathetic nervous system
• sympatric
• symphysis
• synapse
• synchrocyclotron
• synchronous
• synchronous orbit
• synchrotron
• syndiotactic polymer (syntactic polymer)
• syngamy
• synodic period
• synoptic chart
• synovial fluid
• synthesis
• synthesis gas
• system
• systematics
• Système International
• systole
• T
• t
• t
• t½
• t-
• Τ
• Τ
• θ
• 2,4,5-T
• Ta
• tabun
• tachometer
• tachyon
• TAI
• tail, cometary
• talc (talcum, French chalk)
• tan
• tangent
• tangential
• tangent plane
• tanh
• tannic acid
• tannin
• tantalum
• tar
• tartaric acid (2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid)
• tartrate
• TATA box
• tauon (tau particle)
• tautomerism
• taxis
• taxonomy
• Taylor expansion
• Tay-Sachs disease (TSD)
• Tb
• TB (tuberculosis)
• Tc
• TCA cycle
• T cell (T lymphocyte)
• TCP
• t-distribution
• Te
• tear gas
• technetium
• Teflon
• TEL
• telecommunications
• telemetry
• telephoto lens
• telescope
• television (TV)
• telluride
• tellurium
• telomere
• telophase
• temperature
• temperature coefficient
• tempering
• template
• temporary hardness
• temporary magnetism
• tendon
• tensile stress
• tensiometer
• tension
• tensor
• tera-
• teratogen
• terbium
• terephthalic acid (1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid)
• terminal
• terminal speed
• termination codon (nonsense codon, stop codon)
• terminator
• ternary compound
• terpene
• Terramycin
• terrestrial magnetism
• terrestrial planets
• tert-
• tertiary
• Tertiary
• tertiary structure
• Terylene (US Dacron)
• tesla
• Tesla coil
• test cross
• testis
• testosterone
• tetanus
• tetraammine-
• tetraaqua- (tetraaquo-)
• tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride)
• tetracyanoethene (tetracyanoethylene, TCNE)
• tetrad
• tetraethyllead (lead tetraethyl, TEL)
• tetrafluoroethene
• tetragonal
• tetrahedral
• tetrahedron
• tetrahydrofuran (THF)
• tetramethylsilane (TMS)
• tetrathionate ion
• Th
• thalidomide
• thallium
• Thallophyta
• thallus
• Τ helper cell
• theodolite
• theorem
• thermal conductivity
• thermal cracking
• thermal emission (thermionic emission)
• thermal equilibrium
• thermal imaging
• thermal neutron
• thermal reactor
• thermion
• thermionic emission
• thermionic valve
• thermistor
• thermit reaction
• thermoammeter
• thermochemistry
• thermocouple
• thermodynamics
• thermodynamic temperature (absolute temperature)
• thermoelectric effects
• thermoluminescence
• thermolysis (pyrolysis)
• thermometer
• thermonuclear bomb
• thermopile
• thermoplastics
• thermosetting plastics
• thermosoftening plastics
• thermosphere
• thermostat
• THF
• thiamine (thiamin)
• thigmotropism (haptotropism)
• thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
• thio-
• thiocyanate ion
• thiols
• thionyl chloride
• thiopentone (sodium 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2-thiobarbiturate)
• thiophene
• thiosulfate ion
• thistle funnel
• thixotropic
• Thomson effect
• Thomson scattering
• thorax
• thorium
• thorium emanation (thoron)
• Thr
• three-centre bond
• three-phase power
• threonine (Thr)
• threose
• threshold
• thrombosis
• thrust
• thulium
• thymine
• thymol
• thymus gland
• thyristor
• thyroid gland
• thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• thyroxine
• Ti
• tibia
• tide
• TIFF
• tight-binding approximation
• time
• timebase
• time dilation
• time-lapse photography
• time reversal symmetry
• tin
• tincture of iodine
• tissue
• tissue culture
• Titan
• titania (titanium dioxide, titanium(IV) oxide)
• titanium
• titration
• titre
• T killer cell
• Tl
• TLC
• Τ lymphocyte
• Tm
• TMS
• TNT
• tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
• tocopherol
• Tollens’ reagent (ammoniacal silver nitrate)
• toluene
• tomography
• ton
• tongue
• tonne (metric ton)
• tooth
• topaz
• topological space
• topology
• top quark (truth quark)
• toroidal
• torque
• torr
• Torricellian vacuum
• torsion
• torsion balance
• torus
• tosyl chloride
• total angular momentum quantum number
• total differential
• total eclipse
• total internal reflection
• totality
• toxin
• trace
• trace element (essential element, micronutrient)
• tracer
• trachea
• tracheid
• Tracheophyta
• trajectory
• trans-
• transactinide elements
• transcendental number
• transcription
• transcription factor
• transcription unit
• transducer
• transduction
• transfer function
• transfer RNA (tRNA, soluble RNA, sRNA)
• transformation
• transformer
• transgene
• transgenic
• transient
• transistor
• transistor-transistor logic
• transition
• transition metal (transition element)
• transition state
• transition temperature
• translation
• translocation
• translucent
• transmission coefficient
• transmission electron microscope (TEM)
• transmission line
• transmittance
• transmitter
• transparent
• transpiration
• transplant
• transponder
• transport number
• transport phenomena
• transpose matrix
• transposon (transposable element, mobile element, ‘jumping gene’)
• transuranium elements (transuranic elements)
• transverse
• transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) fields
• transverse wave
• trapezium
• trapezium rule
• travelling wave (progressive wave)
• triacylglycerol (triglyceride)
• triad
• triangle
• Triassic
• triatomic molecule
• tribasic acid (triprotic acid)
• triboelectricity
• tribology
• triboluminescence
• tribromomethane
• tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle)
• 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCE)
• trichloroethene (trichloroethylene, Trilene)
• trichloromethane
• 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP)
• trichome
• triclinic
• tricuspid valve
• tridymite
• triethylaluminium (aluminium triethyl)
• trifluoroethanoic acid (trifluoroacetic acid)
• triglyceride
• trigonal
• trigonal bipyramidal
• trigonometric functions (trigonometric ratios)
• trigonometry
• trihydric alcohol (triol)
• triiodomethane
• triiron tetroxide
• trilobite
• 2,4,6-trinitromethylbenzene (2,4,6-trinitro-toluene, TNT)
• 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
• trinitrotoluene (TNT)
• triode
• trioxygen
• triphenylmethyl radical
• triphenylphosphine
• triple bond
• triple integral
• triple point
• triple product
• triplet
• trisomy
• tritium
• Triton
• tRNA
• trona
• trophic level
• tropical year
• tropics
• tropism
• tropopause
• troposphere
• tropylium ion
• Trouton's rule
• Troy weight
• Trp
• truncation error
• truth table
• trypsin
• tryptophan (Trp)
• TSH
• tsunami
• TTL
• tuberculosis
• tumour
• tuned circuit
• tungsten
• tunnel diode (Esaki diode)
• tunnel effect
• turbine
• turbocharging
• turbulent flow
• turgor
• Turing machine
• Turing test
• turning point
• turpentine
• twilight
• twisted pair
• two's complement
• tympanum
• Tyndall effect
• typhoid
• Tyr
• tyrosine (Tyr)
• U
• U
• U
• ubiquinone
• UHF
• UHT
• ulna
• ultracentrifuge
• ultra high frequency (UHF)
• ultramarine
• ultramicroscope
• ultrasound
• ultrastructure
• ultraviolet (UV)
• umbilical cord
• umbra
• uncertainty principle
• uncountable set
• undecane
• undulipodium
• uniaxial crystal
• unicellular
• unified field theory
• uniform
• unimolecular reaction
• union
• unit
• unitary matrix
• unitary symmetry
• unit cell
• unit vector
• universal gas constant
• universal gravitational constant
• universal indicator
• universal motor
• universal set
• Universal Time (UT)
• Universe
• UNIX
• unnil-
• unsaturated
• unstable
• up quark
• upsilon particle
• uPVC
• uracil
• uranium
• uranium(VI) fluoride (uranium hexafluoride)
• Uranus
• urea (carbamide)
• ureter
• urethra
• uric acid
• uridine
• urine
• URL
• USB
• US Customary System
• UT
• UTC
• uterus (womb)
• utriculus
• UV
• V
• ν
• V
• V
• VA
• vacancy (Schottky defect)
• vaccine
• vacuole
• vacuum (plural vacua)
• vacuum distillation
• vacuum evaporation
• vacuum pump
• vacuum state
• vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)
• vagina
• Val
• valence
• valence band
• valence bond theory
• valence electrons
• valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory)
• valency (valence)
• valine (Val)
• Valium
• valve
• vanadate
• vanadium
• vanadium(v) oxide (vanadium pentoxide)
• vanadyl ion
• Van Allen Belts (radiation belts)
• Van de Graaff generator
• van der Waals equation
• van der Waals forces
• vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde)
• van't Hoff isochore
• van't Hoff isotherm
• Van Vleck paramagnetism
• vapour
• vapour density
• vapour pressure
• variable
• Variable Number Tandem Repeats
• variable region, variable segment
• variable star
• variance
• variation
• variation, magnetic
• variational principle
• variometer
• varistor
• varve dating
• vascular system
• vas deferens
• vas efferens
• vasoconstriction, vasodilation (vasodilatation)
• vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH)
• vat dye
• VDU
• vector
• vector analysis
• vector field
• vector potential, magnetic
• vector product (cross product)
• vector space
• vector triple product
• vein
• velocity
• velocity, relative
• velocity constant
• velocity modulation
• velocity potential
• velocity ratio (distance ratio)
• vena cava (plural venae cavae)
• venation
• Venn diagram
• ventral
• ventricle
• Venturi tube
• Venus
• verdigris
• vernier
• vertebral column (spinal column)
• vertebrate
• vertex
• vertical
• very high frequency (VHF)
• very large scale integration (VLSI)
• very low frequency (VLF)
• vesicle
• vessel
• vestigial organ
• VHF
• vibration
• vibrational energy
• vibrational spectroscopy
• vic-
• villus (plural villi)
• vinyl
• vinyl acetate (ethenyl ethanoate)
• vinyl alcohol
• vinyl chloride
• vinylidene chloride
• virial expansion
• virion
• virtual image
• virtual particle
• virulent
• virus
• viscometer
• viscose
• viscosity
• viscous
• visible spectrum
• visual binary
• visual purple
• vitamin
• vitreous
• vitreous humour
• vitriol
• VLF
• VLSI
• vocal cord
• volatile
• volt
• voltage
• voltage divider
• voltage drop
• voltage gain
• voltameter (coulometer)
• volt-ampere
• voltmeter
• volume
• volumetric analysis
• voluntary muscle
• von Laue condition
• vortex (plural vortices)
• vorticity
• VRML
• V segment (variable segment)
• VSEPR theory
• vulcanization
• VUV
• VX
• W
• W
• Wacker process
• Walden inversion
• warm-bloodedness
• washing soda
• water
• water cycle
• water gas
• water of crystallization
• water potential
• water vapour
• watt
• wattmeter
• wave
• waveband
• wave energy
• wave equation
• waveform
• waveform generator
• wavefront
• wavefunction
• waveguide
• wavelength
• wave mechanics
• wave motion
• wavenumber
• wave packet
• wave-particle duality
• wave theory of light
• wave-vector (propagation vector)
• wax
• W boson (W particle)
• weak acids and bases
• weak interaction (weak nuclear force)
• weakly interacting massive particle
• weber
• weight
• weightless
• western blotting (protein immunoblot)
• Weston cell
• wet bulb thermometer
• Wheatstone bridge
• white blood cell
• white dwarf
• white matter
• white noise
• white spirit (turpentine substitute)
• Wiedemann-Franz law
• Wien bridge
• Wien's (displacement) law
• Wigner-Seitz cell
• Wilkinson's catalyst
• Williamson's ether synthesis
• WIMP
• Wimshurst machine
• wind
• window
• Wöhler's synthesis
• wood
• Woodward-Hoffmann rules (rules of orbital symmetry)
• word
• word processor
• work
• work function
• work hardening (strain hardening)
• world line
• W particle
• wrought iron
• wurtzite structure
• Wurtz synthesis
• www
• X
• x
• X
• xanthate
• xanthophyll
• X chromosome
• Xe
• xenon
• XPS
• X-ray
• X-ray absorption spectroscopy
• X-ray crystallography
• X-ray diffraction
• X-ray emission spectroscopy
• X-ray fluorescence
• X-ray lithography
• X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
• X-ray source
• X-ray spectrum
• xylem
• xylene
• Y
• Y
• YAC
• YAG
• Yagi aerial
• yard
• Yb
• Y chromosome
• year
• yeast
• yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)
• yield point
• yoke
• Young's fringes
• Young's modulus
• ytterbium
• yttrium
• Z
• Z
• ℤ
• Z boson (Z particle)
• Zeeman effect
• Zeise's salt
• Zener breakdown
• Zener diode
• zenith
• zeolite
• zero
• zero matrix
• zero-order reaction
• zero-point energy
• zero vector
• zeta potential
• Ziegler-Natta catalysts
• zinc
• zinc blende structure
• zinc oxide
• zinc sulfide
• zirconium
• Z line (Z disc)
• Zn
• zodiac
• zone
• zone refining
• zoology
• zooplankton
• Z particle
• Zr
• zwitterion
• zygote
• zygotene
• zymase
• Appendix
• 1. SI Units
• 2. Fundamental Constants
• 3. Derivatives and Integrals
• 4. The Solar System
• 5. The Periodic Table
• 6. The Elements
• 7. Amino Acids
• 8. Outline Classification of Living Organisms