An important resource for researchers of tourism, this reference work defines and explains terms associated with considering and preserving the environment, host peoples, communities, cultures, customs, lifestyles and social and economic systems.

Table of Contents

• Foreword
• Acknowledgements
• Introduction
• Sustainable Tourism
• Author Affiliations
• List of Authors’ Initials
• A
• Aboriginal tourism
• Access
• Accessibility
• Accommodation
• Accounting
• Accreditation
• Acculturation
• Action research
• Adaptation
• Adaptive architecture
• Adaptive co-management
• Advanced wastewater treatment system (AWTS)
• Adventure Activities Licensing Authority (AALA)
• Adventure, Cultural and Ecotourism (ACE) tourism
• Adventure tourism
• Adventure Travel Trade Association (ATTA)
• Advocacy
• Aesthetics
• Agenda 21
• Agritourism (Agrotourism)
• Aid
• Airline
• Airport
• All-inclusive resort (AI resort)
• Alternative tourism
• Amenity migration
• Angling
• Animal ethics
• Annapurna Conservation Area Programme (ACAP)
• Antarctic tourism
• Appreciative inquiry
• Approach distance
• Appropriate development
• Appropriate tourism
• Aquaculture
• Aquarium
• Architecture
• Arctic tourism
• Artificial reef
• The Aspen Institute
• Assessment
• Association of Arctic Expedition Cruise Operators (AECO)
• Astrotourism
• Auditing
• Australian Eco-Certification Program
• Australian Research Institute for Environment and Sustainability (ARIES)
• Authenticity
• Aviation
• Award
• AWTS
• B
• Back boiler
• Backpacker
• Backwash effects
• Balance
• Balance of payments
• Baseline
• Beach
• Benchmarking
• Benefits (in marketing sense)
• Benefits (social and psychological)
• BEST EN
• Best practice
• Bilateral agreement
• Biodiversity (biological diversity)
• Biofuel
• Biomass
• Birdwatching
• Blue Flag
• Border
• Brand
• Brazilian Standard NBR ABNT 15.401 – Sustainable Management for Accommodations
• BRICs
• Brundtland Report
• Budget airline
• Business tourism
• C
• Calypso
• Camping
• Capacity building
• Capacity development
• Capital
• Carbon footprint
• Carbon management
• Carbon offsetting
• Career
• Caribbean Alliance for Sustainable Tourism (CAST)
• Carrying capacity
• Cartagena Convention
• Centre International de Recherches et d'Etudes Touristiques (CIRET)
• Certificate for Sustainable Tourism (CST), Costa Rica
• Certification
• Change management
• CITES
• Citizen science
• Climate change
• Climbing
• Co-creation
• Co-management
• Code of conduct (guidelines)
• Code of ethics
• Collaboration
• Colonialism
• Combined heat and power (CHP)
• Commercialization
• Commodification
• Common pool resource
• Communication
• Community
• Community agency
• Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM)
• Community-based tourism
• Community benefits agreement
• Community capacity
• Community development
• Community mapping
• Community of practice (CoP)
• Community resilience
• Community well-being
• Compact cities
• Conferences
• Conflict management
• Conservation
• Conservation tourism
• Conspicuous consumption
• Consultation
• Consumptive (extractive) and non-consumptive tourism
• Contingent valuation method (CVM)
• Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
• Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)
• Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism (CRCST)
• Coral bleaching
• Coral Cay Conservation (CCC)
• Coral reef
• Core-periphery (centre-periphery)
• Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
• Couchsurfing
• Countryside
• Couran Cove Resort
• Creativity
• Crime
• Crisis
• Criteria
• Critical friend
• Cruise tourism
• Cultural capital
• Cultural relativism
• Cultural tourism
• Culture
• Culture shock
• Customs
• Cycle tourism
• D
• Dark tourism
• Decision making
• Deforestation
• Degradation
• Degrowth
• Demand management
• Demonstration effect
• Dependency
• Desalination
• Destination branding
• Destination management
• Destination marketing
• Destination marketing organization (DMO)
• Development
• Digital technology
• Direct marketing
• Disability
• Discrimination
• Disneyfication
• Distributive justice
• Dive tourism
• Diversification
• Domestic tourism
• Downsizing
• Drive tourism
• Dutch disease
• E
• Earth Summit
• EarthCheck
• Ecocamping
• Ecocentric
• Ecochic
• Ecoclub
• Ecoguide
• Ecolabel
• Eco-leisure
• Ecolodge
• Ecological footprinting
• e-commerce
• Economic growth
• Economic impact
• Economic impact assessment
• Economic regeneration
• Economic valuation
• Economy of scale
• Ecosystem
• Ecosystem services
• Ecotourism
• Ecotourism Australia
• Ecotourism Society
• Ecovillage
• EDEN
• Education
• Education for Sustainability (EfS)
• Educational tourism
• EMAS
• Emissions (carbon emissions)
• Emotion
• Empowerment
• Enclaves
• End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism (ECPAT)
• Endemic species
• Energy management
• Entrance fees
• Environment
• Environmental consciousness
• Environmental education
• Environmental ethics
• Environmental health
• Environmental impact
• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
• Environmental management
• Environmental management system (EMS)
• Environmental non-governmental organization (ENGO)
• Environmental policy
• Environmental quality
• Environmental supply
• Environmentalism
• Equitable Tourism Options (EQUATIONS)
• Equity
• Erosion
• Ethical tourism
• Ethics
• Ethnic tourism
• Europe 2020 Strategy (EU-2020)
• European Centre for Ecological and Agricultural Tourism (ECEAT)
• European Destinations of Excellence (EDEN)
• European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS)
• European Habitats Directive
• European Master in Tourism Management (EMTM)
• European Tourism Day
• European Tourism Forum
• European Tourism Indicator System
• European Tourism Policy
• European Union
• European Year of Tourism (1990)
• Eutrophication
• Event
• Experience economy
• Experiential education
• Externality
• Eye on the Reef Program
• F
• Fair trade
• Fair-trade tourism (FTT)
• Fair Trade Tourism South Africa (FTTSA)
• Farm tourism
• Feasibility study
• Film tourism
• Fishing
• Food miles
• Food tourism
• Foreign direct investment (FDI)
• Free independent traveller (FIT)
• Free trade
• Friends of the Earth (FoE)
• G
• Gaia Hypothesis
• Gaze
• Gender
• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
• Generation
• Gentrification
• Geographical Information System (GIS)
• Geological time
• Geopark
• Geotourism
• German Agency for International Cooperation (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ))
• GIS
• Global Code of Tourism Ethics
• Global dimming
• Global-local nexus
• Global Partnership for Sustainable Tourism
• Global Sustainable Tourism Council
• Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria
• Global warming
• Globalization
• Governance
• Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA)
• Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA)
• Green energy
• Green Flag International
• Green Globe (formerly Green Globe 21)
• Green guides
• Green issues
• Green jobs
• Green Key
• Green Paper on the Role of the Union in the Field of Tourism (COM(95)97 final of 04.04.1995)
• Green Seal, USA
• Green tourism
• Green Tourism Business Scheme (GTBS)
• Greenhouse gases (GHGs)
• Greenpeace
• Greenwashing
• Grey nomad
• Grey water
• Growth fetish
• Growth management
• H
• Habitat
• Hard tourism
• Health and safety
• Health tourism
• Heritage
• Heritage tourism
• Hiking
• Holidays Forever
• Homestay
• Hospitality
• Host/guest
• Hotel
• Human capital
• Human Development Index
• Human resource management (HRM)
• Human rights
• Hunting
• I
• IAATO
• ICM, ICZM
• IFAW
• Impact
• Impact assessment
• Inbound tourism
• Independent travel
• Indicator
• OECD and Composite Indicators
• Indigenous people
• Indigenous tourism
• Informal employment
• Information technology (IT)
• Informed consent
• Innovation
• Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)
• Integrated quality management (IQM)
• Integrated resort
• Integrated rural tourism
• Integration
• Intellectual property
• Interest group
• Intergenerational equity
• Intergovernmental organization (IGO)
• International Air Transport Association (IATA)
• International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions (IAAPA)
• International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO)
• International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
• International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)
• International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN)
• International Council for Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS)
• International Ecotourism Society
• International Federation of Tour Operators (IFTO)
• International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW)
• International Hotels and Environment Initiative (IHEI)
• International Hotel and Restaurant Association (IHRA)
• International Labour Organization (ILO)
• International Polar Year (IPY)
• International Social and Environmental Accreditation and Labelling Alliance
• International Task Force on Sustainable Tourism Development (ITF-STD)
• International tourism
• International Tourism Partnership (ITP)
• International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
• International Year of Ecotourism (IYE, IYE 2002)
• International Year of the Mountains (IYM)
• International Year of the Ocean (YOTO)
• International Year of the Reef (IYOR 2008)
• Interpretation
• INTERREG
• Involvement
• Island tourism
• ISO 14001
• IUCN Red Data Book
• J
• Journal of Ecotourism
• Journal of Sustainable Tourism
• Justice tourism
• K
• Knowledge
• L
• Labour
• Labour turnover
• LAC
• Landscape
• LEADER
• Leakage
• Learning organization
• Leisure
• Leisure class
• Leisure Specialization Continuum
• Less-developed country (LDC)
• Life cycle (of people)
• Life cycle (of tourism products)
• Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC)
• Lindblad Expeditions
• Linkingthinking
• Livelihood
• Lobbying
• Low-carbon tourism
• Low-cost aviation
• Luxury
• M
• Malé Declaration on Sustainable Development
• Mangroves
• Marine Ecotourism for the Atlantic Area (META)
• Marine protected area (MPA)
• Mark-up
• Market segmentation
• Marketing mix
• MARPOL
• Marrakech Process
• Mass tourism
• McDonaldization
• Meetings, incentives, conferences, and exhibitions (MICE) tourism
• Metaproblem
• MICE
• Microbusiness
• Microfinance
• Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
• Mining
• Mitigation
• Mobility
• Modernization theory
• Monitoring
• Moral geography
• Motorcycle tourism
• Mountain biking
• Mountaineering
• MPA
• Multinational company (MNC)
• Multiplier
• N
• National Audubon Society (‘Audubon’)
• National park
• National tourism authority (NTA)
• National tourism organization (NTO)
• Native species
• Nature
• Nature-based tourism
• The Nature Conservancy (TNC)
• Nature park
• NEAP
• Network
• New Environmental Paradigm (NEP)
• New peasantry
• Newly industrializing countries (NICs)
• NGO
• Niche tourism
• Sustainable Tourism Online: Growing Niche Markets
• Non-consumptive tourism
• Non-governmental organization (NGO)
• Not in my backyard (NIMBY) syndrome
• O
• Outbound tourism
• Outdoor recreation
• Outreach
• P
• Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA)
• Package tour
• Participation
• Participatory action research
• Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)
• Partnership
• Partnership for Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria
• Peace through tourism
• Peak oil
• Peripherality
• Permits
• PEST Analysis
• Philosophic practitioner
• Philosophical tourism
• Philoxenia Programme
• Pilgrimage
• Place
• Planeta
• Planning
• Planning for Real
• Pleasure periphery
• Polar tourism
• Policy cascade
• Political ecology
• Political economy
• Politics of tourism
• Polluter pays principle
• Pollution
• Portion control
• Post-colonialism
• Post-tourism
• Postmodern society
• Poverty alleviation
• Power
• Precautionary principle
• Preservation
• Pressure group (interest groups, lobby groups)
• Price management
• Privatization
• Pro-poor tourism (PPT)
• Procurement
• Product
• Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI)
• Profit margin
• Project AWARE (Aquatic World Awareness, Responsibility and Education)
• Promotion
• Protected area
• Protection
• Public goods
• Q
• Quadruple bottom line (QBL)
• Quality of life
• Quality tourism
• Québec Declaration on Ecotourism
• Quiet enjoyment
• R
• Radiative forcing
• Railway
• Rainforest Alliance
• Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
• Rapid Rural Appraisal
• Reclamation
• Recreation
• Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS)
• Recycling
• Red Data Book
• Reflection
• Regeneration
• Relationship marketing
• Religious tourism
• Renewable energy (green energy)
• Reporting
• Representation
• Resilience
• Resort
• Resource
• Resource management
• Respectful travelling
• Responsible tourism
• Revenue management
• Right of way
• Rinjani Ecotrek Program
• Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
• Rio +20
• Risk
• Risk assessment
• Risk management
• Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI)
• Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB)
• Rural tourism
• S
• Sacred
• Safety
• Scale
• SCUBA
• Sea Kayak Operators’ Association of New Zealand (SKOANZ)
• Sea-level change
• Seasonality
• Second-home tourism
• Segmentation
• Self-actualization
• Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) diving
• Sense of place
• Sex tourism
• The Sierra Club
• Ski tourism
• Skills
• SKOANZ
• Slow cities (Cittáslow)
• Slow tourism
• Small-to-medium-sized enterprise (SME)
• SMART objective
• Smart Voyager
• SNV
• Social and cultural impact
• Social capital
• Social ecology
• Social impact assessment
• Social networking
• Social tourism
• Socio-economic transformation
• Soft tourism
• Solar power
• Soundscape
• Spa tourism
• Space
• Space tourism
• Spatial reorganization
• Special-interest tourism
• Specialization
• Spiritual tourism
• Sport tourism
• Spread effects
• Stakeholder
• Start-up costs
• Staycation
• Steady-state tourism
• Stewardship
• Stichting Nederlandse Verijwilligers (SNV)
• Strategic planning
• Strong sustainable development
• Sun, sea and sand (3S) tourism
• Surf break
• Surf break protection
• Surf Life Saving Australia
• Surf tourism
• Surfing
• Sustainability
• Sustainability performance evaluation
• Sustainability transition
• Sustainable development
• Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA)
• Sustainable marketing
• Sustainable Tourism Certification Network of the Americas
• Sustainable Tourism Eco-Certification Program (STEP), USA
• Sustainable Tourism Stewardship Council (STSC)
• SWOT Analysis
• System
• T
• Technological fix
• Technology
• Terrorism
• The International Ecotourism Society (TIES)
• Third Way (TW)
• Time
• Timeshare
• TNC
• Total Quality Management (TQM)
• Tour guide
• Tour operator
• Tour Operators Initiative for Sustainable Development
• Tourism
• Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC)
• Tourism Concern
• Tourism development
• Tourism Educational Future Initiatives (TEFI)
• Tourism for Tomorrow Awards
• Tourism Impact
• Tourism management
• Tourism planning
• Tourism policy
• Tourism satellite account (TSA)
• Tourism Sustainability Council (TSC)
• Tourism Sustainability Group (TSG)
• Tourism system
• Tourist Board
• Tourist information centre (TIC)
• Tourist trap
• Traditional Livelihood
• Tragedy of the Commons
• Training
• Tramping
• Transnational company (TNC)
• Transport
• Travel 2.0
• Travel agent
• Travel blog
• Travel Career Ladder
• Travel Foundation
• Traveller (Traveler)
• Trekking
• Triple bottom line (TBL)
• Turnover
• U
• United Nations (UN)
• United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
• United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD)
• United Nations Department for Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
• United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
• United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
• Urban ecotourism
• User fees
• V
• Values
• Viabono
• Virtual tourism
• Visiting friends and relatives (VFR) tourism
• Visitor Activity Management Process (VAMP)
• Visitor centre
• Visitor impact management (VIM)
• Visitor management
• Voluntary Initiatives for Sustainability in Tourism (VISIT)
• Volunteer tourism
• Volunteering
• W
• Waste management
• Water
• Water cycling (hydrological cycle)
• Water quality
• Weak sustainable development
• Welfare
• Well-being
• Wellness
• Wellness tourism
• Whale-watching
• White Water to Blue Water (WW2BW)
• Wilderness
• Wildlife management
• Willingness to pay (WTP)
• Wind energy
• Wine tourism
• Women's Agrotourism Cooperatives (WAC)
• Work
• Work Life Balance
• Worker-run/recuperated hotels
• World Bank
• World Committee on Tourism Ethics
• World Ecotourism Summit (WES)
• World Heritage
• World Leisure Organisation (WLO)
• World Summit on Sustainable Development
• World Surfing Reserves
• World Tourism Organization
• World Trade Organization (WTO)
• World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC)
• World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
• WWOOF (WWOOFing)
• WW2BW
• X
• Xeriscape
• Y
• Year of Ecotourism (2002)
• Year of the Mountains (2002)
• Year of the Ocean (1998)
• Year of the Reef (1997)
• Yield management
• Youth tourism
• Z
• Zoning
• Zoo
• References