The Settlement of America enables students to consider multiple viewpoints (Native Americans, explorers, fur traders, settlers, immigrants, women, politicians, and businessmen); appreciate diverse historical perspectives; understand historical continuity and change, and recognize how the movement westward forever changed the national character.

Table of Contents

• Introduction: Westward Expansion from Jamestown to the Closing of the Frontier
• A
• Abert, James William
• Adams, John Quincy
• Adams-Onís Treaty (1819)
• Adobe Walls, Battles of
• Alamance, Battle of
• Alamo, The
• Alaska Purchase (1867)
• Allison Commission
• American Fur Company
• American Horse
• Apache
• Arapaho
• Arikara
• Arikara War
• Armijo, Manuel
• Army of the West
• Arts and Letters
• Ashley, William Henry
• Astor, John Jacob
• Astoria
• Atkinson, Henry
• Attacullaculla
• Audubon, John James
• Austin, Moses
• Austin, Stephen F.
• B
• Baker, James
• Barbed Wire
• Bartlett, John Russell
• Beale Wagon Road
• Bear Flag Revolt
• Beaver
• Becknell, William
• Beckwourth, James P.
• Bent, St. Vrain & Company
• Bent Brothers
• Benton, Thomas Hart
• Bent's Fort
• Bidwell, John
• Billings, Frederick
• Bison, American
• Black Hawk
• Black Hawk War (1832)
• Black Hills Expeditions
• Black Kettle
• Blackfoot
• Blue Water Creek, Battle of
• Bodmer, Karl
• Bonneville, Benjamin Louis
• Boone, Daniel
• Boonesborough, Kentucky
• Boudinot, Elias
• Boundary Commissions
• Bowie, James
• Bozeman, John
• Bozeman Trail
• Bridger, Jim
• Bridger Trail
• Buffalo Soldiers
• Burnet, David G.
• Burnett, Peter Hardeman
• Burr, Aaron
• Butterfield Stage
• C
• Calhoun, John C.
• California, Conquest of
• California Trail
• Campbell, Robert
• Carlisle Indian Industrial School
• Carrington Family
• Carson, Kit
• Cashman, Nellie
• Catlin, George
• Cattle Brands
• Cattle Frontier
• Central Pacific Railroad
• Charbonneau, Jean Baptiste
• Charbonneau, Toussaint
• Cherokee
• Cherokee Trail
• Cherokee Wars
• Cheyenne
• Cheyenne-Deadwood Trail
• Chickasaw
• Chinese Immigration
• Chisholm Trail
• Chivington, John M.
• Choctaw
• Chouteau Family
• Chuck Wagons
• Clark, William
• Clay, Henry
• Clyman, James
• Cochise (Cheis)
• Cody, William Frederick (Buffalo Bill)
• Colter, John
• Comanche
• Compromise of 1850
• Conestoga Wagon
• Cooke, Jay
• Cooke, Philip St. George
• Cordoba, Treaty of (1821)
• Corps of Topographical Engineers
• Cox, Ross
• Crazy Horse
• Creek
• Creek Wars
• Crockett, Davy
• Crook, George
• Crooks, Ramsay
• Crow
• Cumberland Gap
• Custer, Elizabeth Bacon
• Custer, George Armstrong
• Custer Expedition
• D
• Davis, Jefferson
• Dawes, Henry L.
• Dawes Severalty Act (1887)
• De Smet, Pierre-Jean
• Denver and Rio Grande Railroad
• Disease
• Doak's Stand, Treaty of (1820)
• Dodge, Henry
• Donation Land Claim Act (1850)
• Doniphan, Alexander William
• Donner Party
• Douglas, Stephen A.
• Drouillard, George
• Dull Knife
• Dunbar-Hunter and Freeman-Custis Expeditions
• Duniway, Abigail Scott
• E
• Eastman, Seth, and Mary Eastman
• Elections, Presidential
• Emigration Societies
• Emory, William H.
• Empresario System
• End-of-Track Towns
• F
• Factory System
• Fallen Timbers, Battle of
• Fannin, James Walker
• Filibusters
• Firearms
• Fitzpatrick, Thomas “Broken Hand”
• Flathead
• Fontenelle, Lucien
• Forks of the Ohio
• Fort Benton
• Fort Bridger
• Fort Clatsop
• Fort Dilts
• Fort Hall
• Fort Jackson, Treaty of (1814)
• Fort Kearny (Nebraska)
• Fort Laramie
• Fort Laramie, Treaty of (1868)
• Fort Leavenworth
• Fort Mandan
• Fort Osage
• Fort Phil Kearny (Wyoming)
• Fort Robinson
• Fort Snelling
• Fort Stanwix, Treaty of (1768)
• Fort Stanwix, Treaty of (1784)
• Fort Union (New Mexico)
• Fort Union (North Dakota)
• Fort Vancouver
• Fort Wise, Treaty of (1861)
• Forts and Fortification
• Forty-Niners
• Fraser, Simon
• Fredonian Rebellion
• Frémont, John C.
• Frontier Theory
• Fur Trade
• G
• Gadsden Purchase (1853)
• Gall
• Garrard, Hector Lewis
• Gass, Patrick
• Geronimo
• Ghost Dance
• Glass, Hugh
• Glenn-Fowler Expedition
• Glidden, Joseph
• Gold Rushes
• Goliad, Battle of
• “Gone to Texas”
• Goodnight, Charles
• Goodnight-Loving Trail
• Graduation Act (1854)
• Grant, Ulysses S.
• Grattan Massacre
• Gray, Robert
• Great American Desert
• Greeley, Horace
• Green River
• Greenville, Treaty of (1795)
• Gregg, Josiah
• Grinnell, George Bird
• Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of (1848)
• Gwin, William McKendree
• H
• Harney, William S.
• Harrison, William Henry
• Hayden, Ferdinand
• Hayden Survey
• Heap, Gwinn Harris
• Henry, Andrew
• Hidatsa
• Hide Hunters
• Holladay, Ben
• Holmes, William Henry
• Homestead Act (1862)
• Hopewell, Treaty of (1785)
• Hopi
• Horse Creek Treaty (1851)
• Houston, Sam
• Howard, Oliver O.
• Hudson's Bay Company
• Hunt, Wilson Price
• I
• Independence, Missouri
• Indian Captivity
• Indian Policy
• Indian Removal Act (1830)
• Indians
• J
• Jackson, Andrew
• Jackson, David E.
• Jackson, William Henry
• Jackson's Indian Policy
• Jefferson, Thomas
• Jefferson Barracks
• Johnson County War
• Johnston, Albert Sidney
• Jones, Thomas ap Catesby
• Joseph, Chief
• Judah, Theodore D.
• Judah Survey
• K
• Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
• Kearny, Stephen Watts
• Keil, William
• Kern Brothers
• King, Clarence
• Kiowa
• L
• Laclède Liguest, Pierre de
• Lakota
• Lamar, Mirabeau B.
• Land Speculation Companies
• Lander, Frederick W.
• Lander Cutoff
• Larkin, Thomas Oliver
• Leavenworth, Henry
• Leavenworth and Pike's Peak Express
• Leonard, Zenas
• Lewis, Meriwether
• Lewis and Clark Expedition
• Lisa, Manuel
• Little Turtle
• Long, Stephen H.
• Long Expedition
• Long Hunters
• Long Walk
• Louisiana Purchase (1803)
• Louisiana Territory
• Loving, Oliver
• Lozen
• M
• MacKenzie, Donald
• Mackenzie, Ranald Slidell
• Magoffin, James Wiley
• Mandan
• Mangas Coloradas
• Manifest Destiny
• Manypenny, George W.
• Marcy, Randolph Barnes
• Martínez, Antonio José
• Maximilian, Prince Alexander Philip
• Maxwell Land Grant Company
• McKenney, Thomas L.
• McKenzie, Kenneth
• McLoughlin, John
• Mears, Otto
• Medicine Lodge Creek, Treaty of (1867)
• Meek, Joseph L.
• Meeker, Nathan
• Meeker Massacre
• Mercer, Asa
• Mexican Boundary Survey
• Mexican Land Grants
• Mexican-American War
• Mier Expedition
• Miles, Nelson A.
• Military Establishment
• Miller, Alfred Jacob
• Mining Industry
• Missouri Compromise (1820)
• Missouri Fur Company
• Monroe, James
• Moran, Thomas
• Mormon Battalion
• Mormon Church
• Mormon Trail
• Morris, Esther Hobart
• Mountain Meadows Massacre
• Mullan, John
• Mullan Road
• N
• Nashville
• Natchez Trace
• Navajo
• New Echota, Treaty of (1835)
• Nez Percé
• Nicolett, Joseph Nicolas
• North, Frank Joshua
• North, Luther Hedden
• North West Company
• Northern Pacific Railroad
• O
• Oatman Girls’ Captivity
• O'Fallon, Benjamin
• Ogden, Peter Skene
• Omaha
• Open Range
• Ordway, John
• Oregon Question
• Oregon Trail
• Osage
• O'Sullivan, John L.
• Ouray
• Overland Mail
• Overland Telegraph Company
• Overland Trail
• Overland Trails
• P
• Pacific Railway Act (1862)
• Pacific Railway Act (1864)
• Panic of 1873
• Paris, Treaty of (1763)
• Parker, Cynthia Ann
• Parker, Quanah
• Pattie, James Ohio
• Pawnee
• Pawnee Scouts
• Perpetual Emigrating Fund
• Picotte, Susan La Flesche
• Pierre's Hole, Battle of
• Pike, Zebulon M.
• Pike Expedition
• Pilcher, Joshua
• Point Pleasant, Battle of
• Polk, James K.
• Pontiac
• Pony Express
• Powder River Expedition (1865)
• Powder River Expedition (1876)
• Powell, John Wesley
• Prairie du Chien, Treaties of (1825, 1829, 1830)
• Prairie Schooner
• Preemption Act (1841)
• Preuss, Charles
• Price, Sterling
• Proclamation of 1763
• Provost, Étienne
• Pueblo
• R
• Railroad Land Grants
• Railroad Surveys, Transcontinental
• Railroads
• Red Bird
• Red Cloud
• Red Cloud's War
• Rendezvous
• Riley, Bennet
• Robidoux Family
• Rocky Mountain Fur Company
• Roman Nose
• Rose, Edward
• Ross, Alexander
• Russell, Majors, and Waddell
• Russell, Osborne
• Ruxton, George A.F.
• S
• Sacagawea
• San Ildefonso, Treaty of (1800)
• San Jacinto, Battle of
• San Lorenzo, Treaty of (1795)
• Sand Creek Massacre
• Santa Anna, Antonio López de
• Santa Fe Trail
• Santee Sioux
• Santee Sioux Uprising
• Sappington, John
• Sarpy, Peter A.
• Satanta
• Sauk
• Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe
• Scott, Winfield
• Shawnee
• Sheridan, Philip H.
• Sherman, William Tecumseh
• Shoshone
• Simpson, George
• Sioux
• Sitting Bull
• Sloat, John D.
• Smith, Jackson, & Sublette
• Smith, Jedediah
• Smith, Joseph
• Smoky Hill Trail
• South Pass
• Spalding, Henry H., and Eliza Hart Spalding
• Spotted Tail
• St. Clair, Arthur
• St. Louis, Missouri
• St. Vrain, Cerán
• Stansbury Expedition
• Stevens Treaty (1855)
• Stockton, Robert Field
• Stuart, Robert
• Sublette Brothers
• Summit Springs, Battle of
• Sutter, John A.
• Sutter's Fort
• T
• Table Rock Treaty (1853)
• Taos Revolt
• Taylor, Zachary
• Tecumseh
• Territorial System
• Texan Santa Fe Expedition
• Texas Annexation
• Texas Rangers
• Texas Revolution and Independence
• Texas Trail
• Thames, Battle of the
• Thief Treaty (1863)
• Thompson, David
• Timber Culture Act (1873)
• Tools
• Trail of Tears
• Trans-Appalachian Frontier
• Transportation, Land
• Transportation, Water
• Travis, William Barret
• Tyler, John
• U
• Union Colony
• United States Exploring Expedition
• United States Geological Survey
• Utah War
• Ute
• V
• Van Buren, Martin
• Vasquez, Louis
• Victorio
• Vigilantism
• Villard, Henry
• W
• Walker, Joseph R.
• Wallace, William “Bigfoot”
• War of 1812
• Warren, Gouverneur Kemble
• Washakie
• Washita Engagement
• Watauga Settlements
• Watie, Stand
• Watson, Ellen “Cattle Kate”
• Wayne, Anthony
• Wells, Fargo & Company
• Wells, William
• Western Trail
• Westport and Westport Landing, Missouri
• Whitman, Marcus, and Narcissa Prentiss Whitman
• Whitney, Asa
• Whoop-Up Trail
• Wilkinson, James
• Williams, William “Old Bill”
• Winnemucca, Sarah
• Wolfskill, William
• Woman Suffrage
• Wootton, Richens Lacy “Uncle Dick”
• Wounded Knee
• Wyeth, Nathaniel Jarvis
• Y
• Yellowstone Surveying Expeditions
• Young, Brigham
• Young, Ewing
• Yuma
• Z
• Zuni
• Primary Documents
• Proclamation of 1763, King George III
• Northwest Ordinance (1787)
• Interview with Daniel Boone (1797)
• Louisiana Purchase Treaty (1803)
• Lewis and Clark Reach the Pacific (1805)
• Zebulon Pike's Journey Up the Mississippi River (1805–1806) and to the Far American Southwest (1806–1807)
• How to Make a Beaver Hat (1807)
• Indian Removal Act (1830)
• On the Oregon Trail: A Firsthand Account (1834)
• Letter from Narcissa Whitman on the Journey West (1836)
• Bent's Fort, Colorado: Two Descriptions (1839, 1847)
• Annexation of Texas (1845)
• War with Mexico: Message from President James K. Polk to Congress (1846)
• Oregon Treaty (1846)
• U.S. Occupation of New Mexico: Speech by Stephen Watts Kearny (1846)
• Firsthand Account of a Donner Party Survivor (1847)
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
• Gadsden Purchase Treaty (1853)
• Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
• Homestead Act (1862)
• Pacific Railway Act (1862)
• Alaska Purchase Treaty (1867)
• Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
• Surviving the Elements on the Journey West: A Firsthand Account (1873–1874)
• Black Migration: Congressional Testimony of Benjamin Singleton (1880)
• Massacre at Wounded Knee, the Sioux Account (1891)
• Annexation of Hawaii (1898)
• Fur Trade Rendezvous (1902)
• Chronology
• Master Bibliography
• Books
• Web Sites