This timely and authoritative set explores four centuries of good times and hard times in major economies throughout the world. Nearly 400 signed articles cover events from Tulipmania during the 1630s to the U.S. economic stimulus package of 2009, and introduce readers to underlying concepts, economic theories, recurring themes, major institutions, events, and notable figures.

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• A
• Africa, Sub-Saharan
• Agriculture
• AIG
• Airline Industry
• Akerman, Johan Henryk (1896–1982)
• Argentina
• Asian Financial Crisis (1997)
• Asset-Price Bubble
• Australia
• Austrian School
• Automated Trading Systems
• B
• Babson, Roger (1875–1967)
• Balance of Payments
• Baltic Tigers
• Bank Cycles
• Bank of America
• Banking School/Currency School Debate
• Banks, Central
• Banks, Commercial
• Banks, Investment
• Bauer, Otto (1881–1938)
• Bear Stearns
• Behavioral Economics
• Belgium
• Bernanke, Ben (1953–)
• Bethlehem Steel
• Böhm-Bawerk, Eugen Ritter von (1851–1914)
• Boom, Economic (1920s)
• Boom, Economic (1960s)
• Booms and Busts: Cause and Consequences
• Booms and Busts: Pre–Twentieth Century
• Booms and Busts: Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
• Brazil
• BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China)
• Brunner, Karl (1916–1989)
• Bullock, Charles (1869–1941)
• Burchardt, Fritz (1902–1958)
• Burns, Arthur (1904–1987)
• Business Cycles, International
• C
• Canada
• Capital Account
• Capital Market
• Capital One
• Catastrophe Theory
• Central America
• Chile
• China
• Chrysler
• Circuit City Stores
• Citigroup
• Classical Theories and Models
• Collateral
• Collateralized Debt Obligations
• Collateralized Mortgage Obligations
• Colombia
• Commodity Markets
• Community Reinvestment Act (1977)
• Confidence, Consumer and Business
• Congressional Budget Office
• Construction, Housing and Commercial
• Consumer and Investor Protection
• Consumption
• Corporate Corruption
• Corporate Finance
• Council of Economic Advisers, U.S.
• Countrywide Financial
• Creative Destruction
• Credit Cycle
• Credit Default Swaps
• Credit Rating Agencies
• Current Account
• D
• Debt
• Debt Instruments
• Deflation
• Demographic Cycle
• Denmark
• Depository Institutions
• Dot.com Bubble (1990s–2000)
• Dow Jones Industrial Average
• Duesenberry, James (1918–2009)
• E
• Eastern Europe
• Echo Bubble
• Eckstein, Otto (1927–1984)
• Effective Demand
• Efficient Market Theory
• Emerging Markets
• Employment and Unemployment
• Endogenous Growth Models
• Enron
• European Central Bank
• Exchange Rates
• F
• Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
• Federal Housing Administration
• Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, Office of
• Federal Reserve System
• Fellner, William John (1905–1983)
• Financial Development/Deepening
• Financial Markets
• Financial Modeling of the Business Cycle
• Finland
• Fiscal Balance
• Fiscal Policy
• Fisher, Irving (1867–1947)
• Fisher's Debt-Deflation Theory
• Fixed Business Investment
• Fleetwood Enterprises
• Florida Real-Estate Boom (1920s)
• Foreclosure
• Fragility, Financial
• France
• Friction, Financial
• Friedman, Milton (1912–2006)
• Frisch, Ragnar (1895–1973)
• G
• Galbraith, John Kenneth (1908–2006)
• Geithner, Timothy (1961–)
• General Motors
• German Historical School
• Germany
• Glass-Steagall Act (1933)
• Goldman Sachs
• Goodwin, Richard Murphy (1913–1996)
• Government Accountability Office
• Great Depression (1929–1933)
• Greece
• Greenspan, Alan (1926–)
• Gross Domestic Product
• Growth Cycles
• Growth, Economic
• H
• Haberler, Gottfried von (1900–1995)
• Hansen, Alvin Harvey (1887–1975)
• Harrod, Roy Forbes (1900–1978)
• Hawtrey, Ralph George (1879–1975)
• Hayek, Friedrich August von (1899–1992)
• Hedge Funds
• Hicks, John Richard (1904–1989)
• Hoarding
• House Financial Services Committee
• Housing
• Housing and Urban Development, Department of
• Housing Booms and Busts
• I
• Iceland
• Immigration and Migration
• Income Distribution
• India
• Indicators of Financial Vulnerability
• Indonesia
• Industrial Policy
• IndyMac Bancorp
• Inflation
• Information Technology
• Innovation, Financial
• Institutional Economics
• Insull, Samuel (1859–1938)
• Integration, Financial
• Interest Rates
• Intermediation, Financial
• International Development Banks
• International Economic Agreements
• International Monetary Fund
• International Monetary Fund Mortgage Market Index
• International Policy Coordination
• Inventory Investment
• Investment, Financial
• Ireland
• “Irrational Exuberance”
• Israel
• Italy
• J
• Japan
• Jevons, William Stanley (1835–1882)
• JPMorgan Chase
• Juglar, Clément (1819–1905)
• K
• Kaldor, Nicholas (1908–1986)
• Kalecki, Michal (1899–1970)
• Kautsky, Karl (1854–1938)
• Keynes, John Maynard (1883–1946)
• Keynesian Business Model
• Kindleberger, Charles P. (1910–2003)
• Kondratieff Cycles
• Kondratieff, Nikolai Dmitriyevich (1892–1938)
• Koopmans, Tjalling Charles (1910–1985)
• Korea, South
• Kuznets, Simon Smith (1901–1985)
• L
• Labor Market
• Lachmann, Ludwig Maurits (1906–1990)
• Lange, Oskar R. (1904–1965)
• Latin America
• Law, John (1671–1729)
• Leads and Lags
• Lehman Brothers
• Lerner, Abba P. (1903–1982)
• Leveraging and Deleveraging, Financial
• Liberalization, Financial
• Life Insurance
• Linens'n Things
• Liquidity Crunch
• Liquidity Trap
• Loan-to-Value Ratio
• Long-Term Capital Management
• Lowe, Adolph (1893–1995)
• Loyd, Samuel Jones (1796–1883)
• Luminent Mortgage Capital
• Lundberg, Erik Filip (1907–1987)
• Luxemburg, Rosa (1871–1919)
• M
• Madoff, Bernard (1938–)
• Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766–1834)
• Manufacturing
• Market Trends
• Marshall, Alfred (1842–1924)
• Marx, Karl (1818–1883)
• Marxist Cycle Model
• Merrill Lynch
• Metzler, Lloyd Appleton (1913–1980)
• Mexico
• Middle East and North Africa
• Mill, John Stuart (1806–1873)
• Mills, Frederick Cecil (1892–1964)
• Minsky, Hyman (1919–1996)
• Minsky's Financial Instability Hypothesis
• Mises, Ludwig von (1881–1973)
• Mississippi Bubble (1717–1720)
• Mitchell, Wesley Clair (1874–1948)
• Monetary Policy
• Monetary Stability
• Monetary Theories and Models
• Money Markets
• Money, Neutrality of
• Money Store, The
• Moral Hazard
• Morgan Stanley
• Morgenstern, Oskar (1902–1977)
• Mortgage-Backed Securities
• Mortgage, Commercial/Industrial
• Mortgage Equity
• Mortgage Lending Standards
• Mortgage Markets and Mortgage Rates
• Mortgage, Reverse
• Mortgage, Subprime
• Myrdal, Gunnar (1898–1987)
• N
• Nasdaq
• National Bureau of Economic Research
• National Economic Council
• Neoclassical Theories and Models
• Neo-Keynesian Theories and Models
• Netherlands, The
• New Deal
• New York Stock Exchange
• New Zealand
• Northern Rock
• Norway
• O
• Oil Industry
• Oil Shocks (1973–1974, 1979–1980)
• Over-Savings and Over-Investment Theories of the Business Cycle
• Overvaluation
• P
• Pacific Rim
• Panic of 1901
• Panic of 1907
• Panics and Runs, Bank
• Paulson, Henry (1946–)
• Penn Central
• Philippines
• PNC Financial Services
• Political Theories and Models
• Ponzi Scheme (1919–1920)
• Portugal
• Poseidon Bubble (1969–1970)
• Post Keynesian Theories and Models
• Poverty
• Price Stability
• Production Cycles
• Productivity
• Profit
• Public Works Policy
• R
• Real Business Cycle Models
• Real-Estate Speculation
• Recession and Financial Crisis (2007–2009)
• Recession, Reagan (1981–1982)
• Recession, Roosevelt (1937–1939)
• Recession, Stagflation (1970s)
• Refinancing
• Regulation, Financial
• Resource Allocation
• Retail and Wholesale Trade
• Retirement Instruments
• Risk and Uncertainty
• Robbins, Lionel Charles (1898–1984)
• Robertson, Dennis Holme (1890–1963)
• Robinson, Joan (1903–1983)
• Romer, Christina (1958–)
• Röpke, Wilhelm (1899–1966)
• Rostow, Walt Whitman (1916–2003)
• Rubin, Robert (1938–)
• Russia and the Soviet Union
• S
• S&P 500
• Samuelson, Paul (1915–2009)
• Savings and Investment
• Savings and Loan Crises (1980s–1990s)
• Schumpeter, Joseph (1883–1950)
• Schwartz, Anna (1915–)
• Seasonal Cycles
• Securities and Exchange Commission
• Securitization
• Shackle, George (1903–1992)
• Shadow Banking System
• Shock-Based Theories
• Slow-Growth Recovery
• Smith, Adam (1723–1790)
• Souk al-Manakh (Kuwait) Stock Market Crash (1982)
• South Africa
• South Sea Bubble (1720)
• Southeast Asia
• Spain
• Spiethoff, Arthur (1873–1957)
• Spillover Effect
• Sprague, Oliver (1873–1953)
• Sraffa, Piero (1898–1983)
• Stability and Stabilization, Economic
• Steindl, Josef (1912–1993)
• Stimulus Package, U.S. (2008)
• Stimulus Package, U.S. (2009)
• Stochastic Models
• Stock and Bond Capitalization
• Stock Market Crash (1929)
• Stock Market Crash (1987)
• Stock Markets, Global
• Stockholm School
• Subsidies
• Summers, Lawrence (1954–)
• Sunspot Theories
• Sweden
• Switzerland
• Systemic Financial Crises
• T
• Tax Policy
• Technological Innovation
• Tequila Effect
• Thorp, Willard Long (1899–1992)
• Three-Curve Barometer
• Thrift Supervision, Office of
• Tinbergen, Jan (1903–1994)
• Tobin, James (1918–2002)
• “Too Big to Fail”
• Transition Economies
• Treasury Bills
• Treasury, Department of the
• Tribune Company
• Tropicana Entertainment
• Troubled Asset Relief Program (2008–)
• Tugan-Baranovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich (1865–1919)
• Tulipmania (1636–1637)
• Turkey
• U
• UBS
• Unemployment, Natural Rate of
• United Kingdom
• United States
• V
• Veblen, Thorstein (1857–1929)
• Venture Capital
• VeraSun Energy
• Viner, Jacob (1892–1970)
• Volcker, Paul (1927–)
• Von Neumann, John (1903–1957)
• W
• Wachovia
• Wages
• Washington Mutual
• Wealth
• World Bank
• WorldCom
• Z
• Zarnowitz, Victor (1919–2009)
• Chronology
• Glossary
• Master Bibliography
• Books
• Web Sites