Viewing transportation through the lens of current social, economic, and policy aspects, this four-volume reference work explores the topic of transportation across multiple disciplines within the social sciences and related areas, including geography, public policy, business, and economics.

Table of Contents

• List of Articles
• Reader’s Guide
• About the Editor
• List of Contributors
• Introduction
• Chronology
• A
• Access Roads
• Accessibility and Mobility
• Accident Avoidance Systems
• Activity-Based Models
• Adopt-a-Highway Program
• Advanced Traveler Information Systems
• Aerial Tramways
• Aeronautical Decision Making
• Aeronautics
• Air Cargo Carriers
• Air Passenger Carriers
• Air Pollution, Automobiles
• Air Pollution/Air Quality
• Air Taxis
• Air Traffic Control
• Air Traffic Controller Training
• Air Traffic Flow Management
• Air Travel
• Air Travel Regulations, History of
• Aircraft, New Large
• Aircraft, Regional Jet
• Aircraft, Very Light Jet
• Aircraft Design
• Aircraft Engine Emissions
• Aircraft Inspection and Maintenance
• Aircraft Maintenance Training Programs
• Aircraft Manufacturing
• Aircraft Propulsion, New Technologies of
• Airline Deregulation Act of 1978
• Airline Fares
• Airline Flight Reservation and Ticketing Systems
• Airline Flight Scheduling
• Airline Industry
• Airline Marketing
• Airline Passengers
• Airline Pilots and Crews, Labor Issues of
• Airline Service Quality Modeling
• Airplane Disasters
• Airplane Navigation Systems
• Airplane Pilot Licensing
• Airplane Pilot Training
• Airport Administration
• Airport Gate Assignment Problems
• Airport Hubs
• Airport Operations and Marketing
• Airport Parking and Ground Transportation
• Airport Passenger Terminals
• Airport Planning
• Airport Security
• Airport Transit Connections
• Airports, Environmental Issues and
• Alternative Automotive Fuels
• Alternative Fuels
• Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988
• American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
• American Public Transportation Association
• Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
• Amtrak
• Automated Guideway Transit
• Automated Landing Systems, Airplane
• Automated Passenger Counters
• Automated Road-Pricing and Toll-Collection Systems
• Automated Traffic Control Systems
• Automated Traffic Enforcement
• Automated Transit Systems
• Automated Vehicle Guidance Systems
• Automated Vehicle Location Systems
• Automated Vehicle Monitoring Systems
• Automatic Terminal Information Systems
• Automobile Access Programs
• Automobile Accident Avoidance Systems
• Automobile Accidents and Prevention
• Automobile Culture
• Automobile Design
• Automobile Driver Warning Systems
• Automobile Drivers, Disabled
• Automobile Drivers, Elderly
• Automobile Emissions Controls
• Automobile Engines
• Automobile Financing
• Automobile Industry, Economics of
• Automobile Insurance
• Automobile Manufacturing and Sales
• Automobile Operating Costs
• Automobile Safety Inspections and Registration
• Automobile Safety Systems
• Automobile Tires, Nitrogen Inflation and
• Automobile Travel Patterns
• Automobile Trips
• Automobiles, Passenger
• Aviation, Commercial/Business
• Aviation, Private
• Aviation, Ultralight
• Aviation Safety, Dangerous Goods Transport and
• Aviation Safety, Wildlife Strikes and
• B
• Benefit–Cost Analysis of Transportation
• Bicycle Commuting
• Bicycle Facilities
• Bicycle Safety
• Bicycle Sharing
• Bicycles
• Bicycles, Electric
• Bicycle–Transit Linkages
• Bicycling, Health and Recreational Aspects of
• Bikeways/Bike Lanes, Road Design Issues of
• Biodiesel
• Biofuels
• Bridge Design
• Bridge Maintenance, Repair, and Replacement
• Bridges, Condition of
• Bureau of Budget Circular A-95
• Bureau of Public Roads
• Bus Capacity
• Bus Design
• Bus Design for Accessibility
• Bus Engines
• Bus Information Systems
• Bus Priority Lanes, Exclusive Right of Way
• Bus Rapid Transit, Design and Engineering of
• Bus Routes
• Bus Scheduling
• Bus Stops/Shelters
• Bus Systems, Interurban
• Bus Systems, Local and Express
• Bus Systems, Rural
• Buses
• Business Travel
• Busways and Reversible Bus Lanes
• C
• Cable Cars
• Canals and Locks
• Car Sharing
• Carbon Dioxide Emissions
• Carbon Monoxide Emissions
• Carpool Programs, Ridesharing and
• Carpooling
• Carpooling, Casual
• Chicago Area Transportation Study
• Civil Rights and Transportation
• Clean Air Act and Amendments
• Climate Change, Transportation Adaption to
• Climate Change, Transportation Impacts From
• Collector Streets
• Collision Avoidance Systems, Airplane
• Collision Avoidance Systems, Automobile
• Commuter Buses
• Commuter Paradox
• Commuter Rail
• Commuter Rail Systems
• Commuting
• Complete Streets
• Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Program
• Consolidated Rail Corporation
• Construction Management
• Construction Management, Public Relations and
• Container Terminals
• Containerization/Container Shipping
• Cordon Travel
• D
• Demand-Responsive Transit, Evaluation Studies of
• Department of Transportation Act of 1966
• Deregulation
• Derived Demand
• Destination Choice Models
• Dial-a-Ride
• Diesel Engines
• Diesel Fuel Vehicles
• Disabled Driving and Vehicle Modifications
• Distracted Driving
• Dredging
• Driver Licensing
• Driver Licensing, Commercial
• Driver Licensing Rates
• E
• Economic Development
• Economics of Air Travel
• Economics of On-Street Parking
• Elderly and Disabled Travelers
• Elderly Driver Safety Issues
• Electric Diesel Locomotive
• Electric Vehicle Recharging Stations
• Electric Vehicles
• Electronic Route Guidance Systems
• Emergency Response Systems
• Emergency Transportation Planning and Operations
• Emergency Vehicles
• Emerging Technologies
• Emissions Modeling
• Emissions Trading Schemes
• Employment Location
• Energy Costs
• Energy Policy Act of 1992
• Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975
• Environmental Impacts
• Environmental Justice
• Environmental Protection Agency
• Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1970
• Equilibrium Modeling
• E-Shopping
• Ethanol
• Ethical Issues
• Evacuation Planning
• Executive Order 12898
• F
• Federal Aid Highway Program
• Federal Aid Road Act of 1916
• Federal Automobile Safety Standards
• Federal Aviation Administration
• Federal Aviation Administration Reauthorization Act of 2009
• Federal Highway Act of 1921
• Federal Highway Administration
• Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
• Federal Railroad Administration
• Federal Transit Administration
• Federal Transportation Policy
• Ferries
• Fiscal Politics
• FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program
• Freight Handling
• Freight Rates/Tariffs
• Freight Terminals
• Freight Transport, Intermodal and Multimodal
• Freight Transport, Security Issues
• Freight Transport Models
• Full-Feedback Modeling
• Funicular Railways
• G
• Gasoline, Reformulated
• Gasoline Engines
• Geographic Information Systems in Transportation
• Global Economic Centers
• Global Positioning Systems
• Globalization
• GPS
• GPS, Automobile
• Gravity Models
• Green Fuels
• Green Transportation
• Greenhouse Gases
• Greenways
• H
• Handicapped Access
• Harbor and Port Planning
• Harbor and Port Security
• Harbors, Design and Engineering of
• Harbors, Environmental Issues of
• Harbors and Ports, Administration and Operations of
• Hazardous Materials Transport
• Health Issues
• Heavy Rail Transit
• Helicopters
• Helicopters, Emergency Response and Law Enforcement
• High Occupancy Toll Lanes
• High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes
• High Speed Highways
• High Speed Rail, Design and Technology of
• High Speed Rail, Policy and Planning of
• High Speed Rail, Safety Issues of
• High-Speed Rail Investment Act of 2001
• Highway Aesthetics
• Highway and Road Safety
• Highway Construction and Maintenance
• Highway Design and Engineering
• Highway Finance
• Highway Interchange and Ramp Design
• Highway Interchanges
• Highway Landscaping
• Highway Planning
• Highway Removal
• Highway Safety Barriers and Traffic Barriers
• Highway Trust Fund
• Highway Tunnels
• Highway/Road Capacity
• Highways, Rural and Low-Volume
• Highways, Social and Economic Impacts of
• Historic Transportation Facilities
• Hitchhiking
• Hybrid Automobiles/Hybrid Electric Vehicles
• Hydrogen Fuel
• Hydrogen Fuel Cells
• Hypersonic Flight
• I
• ICT, Social Impacts of
• Impaired Driving
• Incident Detection Systems, Airplane
• Incident Detection Systems, Automobile
• Induced Travel
• Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
• Information Technologies and Transportation
• Inland Waterways, Freight Traffic and
• Inland Waterways, Operations and Management
• Inland Waterways, Passenger Traffic and
• Inland Waterways, Planning and
• Inland Waterways, Traffic Management and
• Institute of Traffic Engineers
• Integrated Transportation and Urban Land Use Planning Models
• Intelligent Transportation Systems
• Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems
• Interchanges, Modal
• Intermodal Freight Transport, Technology and
• Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
• International Air Passenger Transport
• International Customs and Duties
• International Rail Transit
• International Travel
• International Waters
• Intersections
• Interstate Commerce Commission
• Interstate Highway System
• In-Vehicle Computers
• J
• Jitneys
• Job Access and Reverse Commuting Program
• Jobs-Housing Balance/Spatial Mismatch
• Just-in-Time Systems
• L
• Latent Travel Demand
• Lead Pollution
• Levels of Service
• Light Electric Vehicles
• Light Pollution
• Light Rail Transit
• Light-Duty and Pickup Trucks
• Liquefied and Compressed Natural Gas
• Livable Streets
• Low-Emission Vehicles
• M
• Maglev Systems
• Marine Transportation System
• Maritime Administration
• Maritime Industry
• Metropolitan Planning Organizations
• Microsimulation Models
• Mixed-Mode Transit Systems
• Mobile Emissions
• Mode Choice Models
• Mode Share/Mode Choice
• Monorails
• Motor Carrier Act of 1980
• Motor Fuel Taxes
• Motorcycle Safety
• Motorcycles
• Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act
• Multiple Criteria Decision Making/Aiding
• N
• National Airspace System
• National Ambient Air Quality Standards
• National Energy Act of 1978
• National Environmental Policy Act
• National Highway System Designation Act of 1995
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
• National Household Travel Survey
• National Mass Transportation Assistance Legislation
• National Railroad Passenger Corporation/Amtrak
• National Transportation Safety Board
• Neighborhood Disruption From Highway and Transit Construction and Operations
• Neighborhood Electric Vehicles
• Neotraditional Neighborhoods and Transportation Impacts
• Network Modeling
• Next Generation Airports, Federal
• Nitrogen Oxides
• Noise Pollution and Airplanes
• Noise Pollution and Cars
• Noncommuter Travel
• Nonmotorized Transportation
• Nonmotorized Vehicles, Safety Issues of
• O
• Ocean Cruise Industry
• Ocean Passenger Travel
• Origin–Destination Models
• P
• Paratransit in Developing Countries
• Park-and-Ride/Kiss-and-Ride Lots
• Parking Cash-Out Systems
• Parking Demand
• Parking Design Requirements
• Parking Finance
• Parking Generation Rates
• Parking Lots
• Parking Planning and Management
• Parking Regulation and Enforcement
• Parking Revenue and Collection
• Parking Structures
• Particulate Matter
• Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles
• Passenger Van Safety
• Pavement Management Systems
• Pedestrian Malls and Skywalks
• Pedestrian Safety
• Pedestrian Safety, Blind and Elderly
• Pedestrian Travel
• Pedestrian-Friendly Design
• People Movers
• Personal Rapid Transit
• Personal Transportation Systems
• Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
• Planning, Programming, and Budgeting Systems
• Pneumatic Tube Transportation
• Port Facilities
• Port Inspections
• Privately Owned Vehicles
• Privatization of Public Transit
• Public Participation in Transportation Planning
• Public Transit Employees and Labor Issues
• Q
• Queuing and Shockwave Measurement
• R
• Rail Corridor Congestion
• Rail Transit Planning, U.S.
• Rail Transit Planning, Worldwide
• Railroad Automation Technology
• Railroad Grade Crossings
• Railroad Industry, Economics of
• Railroads, Freight
• Railroads, Passenger
• Rails-to-Trails Programs
• Recreational Travel
• Recreational Vehicles
• Regional Transit Agencies
• Regional Transportation Planning
• Regional Transportation Planning Organizations
• Regional Transportation Plans
• Residential Location Models
• Reverse Commuting
• Risk Analysis/Assessment
• Road Diets
• Road Ecology
• Road Inventory
• Road Pricing Schemes, U.S. and International
• Road Rage
• Road Signage
• Road Surface Marking and Markers
• Roadside Assistance Programs
• Roundabouts and Traffic Circles
• Route Assignment Models
• Rural Transportation Mobility
• S
• Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
• Scenic Roads and Parkways
• School Bus Safety
• School Buses
• School Transportation
• Section 504 Regulations on Accessibility
• Security, Transportation
• Shared Taxis
• Ships
• Sidewalks
• Single-Occupant Vehicle Trips
• Smart Cars
• Smart Growth
• Smart Highways
• Smog
• Social Equity and Discrimination in Transportation
• Space Travel, Commercial
• Spatial Equity Analysis
• Speed Laws and Enforcement
• Sport Utility Vehicles
• State Highway Planning and Finance
• State Implementation Plans
• State Transportation Planning
• Street Design/Patterns
• Streetcars/Trolleys
• Student Transport
• Subway Systems
• Subways/Elevated Trains
• Sulfur Dioxide
• Supernetworks
• Supply-Chain Management
• Surface Transportation Assistance Acts of 1978 and 1982
• Surface Transportation Board
• Surface Transportation Policy Project
• Surface Transportation Program
• Sustainable Transportation
• T
• Tax Increment Financing Districts
• Taxi Drivers and Labor Issues
• Taxicab Licensing and Regulation
• Taxicabs
• Telecommuting and Telecommunications
• Telematics
• Terrorism, Transportation Systems as Targets of
• 3-C Planning Process
• Tire Safety
• Toll Roads, Private
• Tourism
• Traffic Calming
• Traffic Congestion
• Traffic Control Devices
• Traffic Demand Management
• Traffic Detection Systems
• Traffic Detection Technology
• Traffic Engineering
• Traffic Flow
• Traffic Forecasts
• Traffic Impact Assessments
• Traffic Incident Management
• Traffic Information and Control Systems
• Traffic Laws and Enforcement
• Traffic Management Systems
• Traffic Mitigation Programs
• Traffic Monitoring
• Traffic Noise Abatement
• Traffic Psychology
• Traffic Safety and Risk Assessment
• Traffic Signal Priority
• Traffic Signals
• Traffic Simulation
• Traffic Studies and Surveys
• Traffic Variables
• Train Stations, Economics of
• Trains
• Tramways
• Transit Centers
• Transit Corridor Planning
• Transit Cost Allocation Models
• Transit Demographics
• Transit Dependence
• Transit Fares
• Transit Fares, Elasticity of Demand of
• Transit Fares, Media and Collection Systems and
• Transit Finance
• Transit Industry, Economics of
• Transit Information Systems
• Transit Lines/Networks
• Transit Management and Operations
• Transit Performance Monitoring and Evaluation
• Transit Planning, International
• Transit Priority Measures
• Transit Ridership
• Transit Safety
• Transit System Technology
• Transit Systems
• Transit Systems, Marketing Research and Public Relations for
• Transit Systems, Service Quality of
• Transit Systems Analysis
• Transit Tunnels, Design and Construction of
• Transit Vehicle Capacities, Loading Criteria and
• Transit-Oriented Development
• Transitways
• Transportation, Economics of
• Transportation and the Disadvantaged
• Transportation Control Measures
• Transportation Cooperative Research Program
• Transportation Equity Act for the Twenty-First Century
• Transportation Impact Analysis
• Transportation Impacts on Land Use
• Transportation Improvement Programs
• Transportation Modeling and Planning Software
• Transportation Plan Implementation, Monitoring, and Evaluation
• Transportation Planning
• Transportation Planning and Politics
• Transportation Policies, African
• Transportation Policies, Asian
• Transportation Policies, European
• Transportation Policies, North American
• Transportation Policies, South and Central American
• Transportation Policy, U.S.
• Transportation Research Board
• Transportation Statistics and Databases
• Transportation Studies
• Transportation Surveys
• Travel by Households
• Travel by Mode
• Travel by Persons
• Travel Choice
• Travel Demand
• Travel Demand Forecasting
• Travel Destinations
• Travel Diaries
• Travel Model Calibration and Validation
• Travel Model Improvement Program
• Travel Modeling
• Travel Patterns by Income
• Travel Patterns by Race/Ethnicity
• Travel Patterns of the Elderly
• Travel Patterns of Women
• Travel Pricing
• Travel Speed Models
• Travel Surveys
• Trip Chaining
• Trip Distribution Models
• Trip Generation Rates and Models
• Trip Reduction Programs
• Triple Convergence
• Trolleybuses
• Truck Drivers, Labor Issues of
• Truck Inspections and Vehicle Licensing
• Trucking, Computer Monitoring Systems and
• Trucking, Owner-Operators and
• Trucking Industry
• Trucking Industry, Economics of
• Trucks
• Trucks, Safety Issues and
• Tunnels, Safety and Security Issues in
• U
• University Transportation Centers
• Unmanned Aircraft
• Unsignalized Intersections
• Upstream Signalized Crossovers
• Urban Mass Transit Act of 1964
• Urban Mass Transportation Assistance Act of 1970
• Urban Sprawl Versus Compact Development
• Urban Trail Systems
• Urban Transportation Modeling System
• Urban Transportation Planning Process
• Urban Walkways
• U.S. Department of Transportation
• V
• Value Increment Tax
• Value Pricing
• Vans
• Vehicle Emissions Standards
• Vehicle Fleet Emissions
• Vehicle Miles Taxation and Fees
• Vehicle Miles Traveled
• Vehicle Ownership Models
• Visual Pollution
• Volatile Organic Compounds
• W
• Walking
• Water Pollution
• Welfare Reform
• Wildlife Crossings and Barriers
• Women in Transportation
• Women’s Issues/Gender Issues
• Work Zone Traffic Control
• World Container Ports
• Z
• Zero-Emissions Vehicles
• Glossary of Terms and Acronyms
• Resource Guide
• Appendixes
• Photo Credits