Encyclopedia of Human Services and Diversity is the first encyclopedia to reflect the changes in the mission of human services professionals as they face today's increasingly diverse service population.

Table of Contents

• Reader's Guide
• About the Editor
• List of Contributors
• Introduction
• Chronology
• Articles
• A
• Abandonment
• Abduction
• Ableism
• Abuse and Neglect
• Accommodation
• Acculturation
• ADHD, Services for Individuals with
• Administration for Community Living
• Administration for Native Americans
• Administration on Children, Youth and Families
• Administration on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
• Adolescent/Youth Services: Overview
• Adoption: Infants, International, and Older/Special Needs Children
• Adoption, Special Needs
• Adoption Agencies and Services
• Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System
• Adoption and Safe Families Act
• Adult Day Care
• Adult Education Programs and Services
• Adult Literacy Programs
• African Americans
• African Immigrants
• Aftercare Services for Children Aging Out of Foster Care
• After-School Services
• Age and Clients
• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
• Aggression Replacement Training
• Aging and Adult Services
• Aid to Families with Dependent Children, Historical Role of
• AIDS/HIV Programs
• Alaskan Natives
• Alcohol and Substance Abuse Services
• Alcohol Consumption, International Variations in Attitudes Toward
• Alloparenting, Cultural Aspects of
• Alternative Medical Systems
• AMBER Alert
• American Academy of Social Work and Social Welfare
• American Correctional Association
• American Indian Movement
• Americans with Disabilities Act
• Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
• Ansell-Casey Life Skills Assessment
• Antilocution
• Anti-Semitism
• Appalachia and Human Services
• Arab Americans
• Asian Americans
• Asian and Pacific Islander American Health Forum
• Asian Immigrants
• Asian Indian Immigrants
• Assimilation
• Assistive Technology
• Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development
• Association of Administrators of the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children
• Association of Juvenile Compact Administrators
• At-Risk Youth Services
• Autism and Asperger's Syndrome, Services for
• Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
• B
• Behavior Modification and Residential Treatment Facilities
• Behavior Support and Management
• Behavioral Health Disparities for Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations
• Bias in Service Delivery
• Biculturalism
• Biracial Children
• Biracial Couples
• Blindness and Low Vision
• Blue Collar/Pink Collar/White Collar
• Blue Vein Society/Paper Bag Test
• Boarder Babies
• Boot Camps
• Border Communities
• Bullying
• Business Incubator
• C
• Caribbean Immigrants
• Case Management
• Case Management Services
• Center for Native American Youth
• Central American Immigrants
• Changing the Client Versus Changing the Environment
• Chemical Restraints
• Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
• Child Abuse/Neglect, Victims of
• Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths
• Child Labor, International Variations in Attitudes Toward
• Child Protective Services
• Child Support Agencies and Services
• Child Welfare League of America
• Child Welfare Services
• Childhood Trauma
• Children, International Variations in Attitudes Toward
• Children, Youth, and Human Trafficking
• Children and War
• Children in Foster Care
• Children in Special Living Arrangements
• Children of Incarcerated Parents
• Children of Substance Abusers
• Children of Undocumented Aliens
• Children with Special Needs
• Children's Defense Fund
• ChildStats
• Chinese Americans
• Chronic Diseases Common in Developing Countries
• Cisgender
• Coca-Colonization
• Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers
• College and University Health Services
• Colonialism, Lingering Effects of
• Communicable Diseases Common in Developing Countries
• Communication Disorders, Services for
• Communication Styles, Ethnic and Cultural Differences in
• Community Action Agencies
• Community Corrections
• Community Development Block Grants
• Community Development Corporations
• Community Health, Racial and Ethnic Approaches to
• Community Health Centers
• Community Organizing
• Community Reinvestment Act (1977)
• Community-Based Participatory Research
• Community-Based Services
• Conflict Resolution and Diversity
• Conflict Resolution and Diversity Cultural Competence
• Continuum of Care
• Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
• Co-Parenting, Cultural Aspects of
• Counseling and Psychotherapy Services
• Court-Appointed Special Advocate, National Association
• Crisis Services
• Critical Race Theory
• Cross-Cultural Knowledge
• Cross-Cultural Service Models
• Cross-Cultural Skills
• Cuban Americans
• Cultural and Linguistically Appropriate Services Standards
• Cultural Appropriation
• Cultural Broker
• Cultural Capital, Role of
• Cultural Competence, Human Service Providers and
• Cultural Competence, Measuring and Assessing
• Cultural Competence, Model of
• Cultural Competence, Professional Standards of
• Cultural Competence, Training in
• Cultural Determinism
• Cultural Humility, Model of
• Cultural Literacy
• Cultural Paradigms
• Cultural Services
• Culturally Diverse Practice, Definitions of
• Culturally Diverse Practice, Theories of
• Culturally Specific Services
• D
• Daniel Memorial Institute Independent Living Skills System
• Day Care for Children
• Day Treatment Centers
• Deaf/Hard of Hearing
• Death and Dying, Cultural Attitudes Toward
• Deinstitutionalization
• Dental Services
• Department of Education, U.S.
• Department of Health and Human Services, U.S.
• Developmental Disabilities, Attitudes and Myths in Services for
• Developmental Disabled Individuals
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Cultural Responsiveness of
• Diaspora
• Directly Observed Therapy
• Disabilities, International Variation in Attitudes Toward
• Disability Services
• Disability Studies
• Disabled Clients
• Discrimination and Institutional Racism
• Displaced Persons
• Disposition of Juvenile Records
• Diversities
• Diversity and Equality in Health and Care
• Diversity in the Workplace
• DiversityRx
• Divorce
• Do Not Resuscitate Order
• Domestic Violence, International Variations in Attitudes Toward
• Domestic Violence, Victims of
• Dominican Americans
• DREAM Act, the
• Drug and Alcohol Screening
• Dual Income, No Kids
• E
• Early Childhood Development
• Early Childhood Literacy
• Eating Disorders, Cultural Aspects of
• Economic Support and Services
• Education and Training Vouchers
• Education for Diversity in Human Services
• Educational Services
• Educational Status and Service Delivery
• Educational Support Services
• Elder Care/Geriatric Services
• Emergency Fuel Services
• Emergency Medical Care
• Emic and Etic
• Eminent Domain
• Employee Assistance Programs
• Employment/Career Assistance Services
• Empowerment Research
• Enterprise Community Partners
• Enterprise Zone
• Environmental Justice
• Environmental Racism
• Equal Opportunity and Civil Rights
• Equal Pay Act of 1963
• Ethnic Diversity and Values
• Ethnic Groups and Drug and Alcohol Use
• Ethnicity, Definitions of
• Ethnicity and Clients
• Ethnocentrism
• Ethnocentrism and Ethnorelativism
• European Americans
• Executive Orders
• F
• Face Blindness (Prosopagnosia)
• Factline: Tracking Health in Underserved Communities
• Fair Labor Standards Act
• Fair Lending Practices
• Families, Nontraditional
• Families of Prisoners and Ex-Prisoners
• Family, International Variations in Definitions of
• Family Crisis Intervention Planning
• Family Permanency Planning
• Family Planning Services
• Family Preservation Services
• Family Reunification
• Family Services
• Family Structure, Diversity of
• Family Therapy
• Family Violence Prevention and Services
• Family Violence Prevention and Services Act
• Female Genital Mutilation
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Drug-Exposed Infants
• Filipino Americans
• Financial Literacy Programs
• Food Desert
• Food Insecurity
• Food Support
• Foster Care Agencies
• Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008
• Fundamentalist Christian Americans
• G
• Gambling Addiction
• Gangs: Social Issues and Intervention
• Gangs in Schools
• Gender and Clients
• Gender Issues and Roles in Developing Countries
• Gender Issues and Roles in Non-Western Countries
• Genetic Counseling, Cultural Aspects of
• Genogram
• Gentrification
• Global Burden of Disease
• Global South/Global North
• Grassroots Leadership
• Group Homes for Adults
• Group Homes for Children
• Group Therapy
• H
• Habitat for Humanity
• Haitian Americans
• Harm Reduction Programs
• Hate Groups
• Hawai'ian Native Americans
• Head Start and Prekindergarten Programs
• Health and Sickness, Differing Attitudes Toward
• Health as a Human Right
• Health Care, Disparities in
• Health Care Delivery, Models of
• Health Disparities, Role of
• Health Insurance
• Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
• Health Promotion Services
• Help-Seeking Behavior, Cultural Differences in
• Heterosexual Privilege
• Hispanic Americans
• Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
• Hispanic Immigrants
• Hmong Immigrants
• Holocaust Survivors
• Home and Community Services
• Home Care Services
• Homelessness
• Honor Killings
• Hospice Services
• Hospitals
• Housing Services
• Housing Support and Homeless Services
• Human Capital Development Initiative
• Human Trafficking
• I
• ICE Detention Centers, Services in
• Immigrant Populations, Human Service Needs of
• Immigration: Human Service Issues
• Immigration Law: History of U.S.
• Immunization
• Immunization Campaigns
• Implicit Bias
• Incarceration and Sentencing, Racial Disparities in
• Indian Boarding Schools
• Indian Child Welfare Act
• Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968
• Indian Health Service
• Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
• Infant Mortality/Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
• Infanticide, International Variations in Attitudes Toward
• Infant/Toddler Development
• Information and Referral
• Institute for Women's Policy Research
• Institute of Education Sciences
• Institutional Oppression
• Intangible Cultural Heritage
• Intelligence Testing
• Interethnic Adoption Provision
• Interfaith Couples
• Internal Revenue Service's Migration Data Files
• International Adoptions and Families
• International Federation of Social Workers
• International Mental Health Research Organization
• Interpersonal Violence
• Interprofessional and Interdisciplinary Practice
• Interstate Compact for Juveniles
• Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children
• Isolated Communities and Cultural Competence
• J
• Jail Diversion Programs for Children and Adolescents
• Jewish Americans
• John H. Chafee Foster Care Independence Program
• Joint Commission, the
• Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work
• Journal of Human Services
• Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health
• Juvenile Delinquents
• Juvenile Detention Centers
• Juvenile Justice System
• K
• KIDS COUNT
• Kinship Care
• Kinship Care, Cultural Aspects of
• L
• Language Assistance
• Learning Disabilities, Services for Individuals with
• Legal Services
• Levels of Intervention
• LGBTQ Clients
• Life Book
• Life Course Approach
• Life Skills Training
• Linguicism
• Literacy Testing
• Locus of Control, Cultural Differences in
• Longitudinal Studies on Aging
• Long-Term Residential Care
• Low-Income Housing Tax Credits
• M
• Marriage and Family Therapists
• Marriage and Family Therapy
• Marriage Counseling
• Maternal/Infant Health Services
• Maternity Homes
• McKinney-Vento Homeless Education Assistance Improvements Act of 2001
• Meaningful Access
• Medicaid
• Medical Necessity
• Medical Social Workers, Racial and Ethnic Issues for
• Medical Supplies, Access to
• Medical Transportation
• Medicare
• Medicine, Workplace Diversity in
• Meditation/Yoga
• Melting Pot Theory
• Mental Health, International Variations in Attitudes Toward
• Mental Health Gap Action Program
• Mental Health Service Delivery, Cultural Characteristics of
• Mental Health Services, Adult
• Mental Health Services, Children
• Mental Health Services, Ethnic Models and Multicultural
• Mexican Americans
• Microlending Programs
• Midwifery
• Migrant Workers
• Military Families
• Military Personnel
• Military Veterans
• Missionary Work and Workers
• Mobility-Impaired Individuals
• Model Minority Stereotype
• Monitoring the Future
• Monoculturalism
• Mormons
• Multicultural Education
• Multicultural Education Journals
• Multiculturalism
• Multiethnic Placement Act of 1994
• Multiracial Children
• Multiracial Individuals and Families
• Multisystemic Therapy
• Muslim Americans
• N
• National Alliance for Hispanic Health
• National Assessment Governing Board
• National Center for Children in Poverty
• National Center for Cultural Competence
• National Center for Hate Crime Prevention
• National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
• National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities
• National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System
• National Congress of American Indians
• National Database for Autism Research
• National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
• National Healthcare Disparities Reports
• National Institute of Mental Health
• National Institute on Aging
• National Mental Health Association
• National Minority AIDS Council
• National Organization for Human Services
• National Survey of Family Growth
• National Urban League
• National Youth in Transition Database
• Native Americans
• Native Americans, Suicide Among
• Natural Disasters, Services for
• Naturalized Citizens
• Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation
• Neighborhood Watch Programs
• NeighborWorks America
• Neonatal Care
• Neurodiversity
• No Child Left Behind Act
• Nursing, Public Health
• Nursing Home Care
• Nutritional Services and Assessment
• O
• Occupational Therapy
• Office for Civil Rights
• Office for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships, White House
• Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
• Office of Refugee Resettlement
• Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools
• Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services
• Outpatient Medical Care
• Overweight and Obese Adults and Children
• P
• Pacific Islanders
• Pain Management
• Palliative Care
• Pandemics
• Parenting Skills Training
• Parenting Styles, Cultural Differences in
• Partial Care Services for Adults, Mental Health
• Partial Care Services for Children, Mental Health
• Partner Notification Programs in HIV/AIDS
• Paternity, Establishing
• Peer Pressure
• Peer Support and Counseling Services
• People of Color: Service Delivery, Psychological Assessment, Cultural Issues
• Personal Practice, Model of
• Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
• Pharmaceuticals, Access to
• Pluralism
• Policing and Safety
• Postpartum Depression
• Poverty
• Power, Race/Ethnicity and
• Pregnancy and Parenting Services
• Prejudice, Theories of
• Prenatal Care
• Primacy of Place
• Prisoner Reentry Programs
• Prisoners and Ex-Prisoners
• Probation and Parole Officers
• Profile of Parenting Study
• Protective Services for Adults
• Protective Services for Children
• Providers, Institutional Racism and
• Psychiatric/Psychological Assessment
• Public Health
• Puerto Ricans
• Q
• Quality of Life, Measurement of
• R
• Race, Social Definitions of
• Race and Clients
• Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health
• Racial and Ethnic Categories, U.S. Census
• Racial Identity Development, Models of
• Racial Microaggression
• Racism, Long-Term Effects of
• Racism, Self-Assessment of
• Rape as an Instrument of War
• Reasonable Accommodations
• Recreation Services
• Redlining
• Refugee Assistance
• Regional Cultural Competence
• Rehabilitation Centers
• Rehabilitative Services
• Religion and Clients
• Reparations
• Respite Care
• Respite Services
• Restorative Justice
• Reverse Discrimination
• Rites of Passage
• Role Flexibility, International Differences in
• Runaway Youth
• Rural Communities
• S
• Same-Sex Couples/Marriage
• School Counselors
• School Health Services
• School Mental Health Project
• School Psychologists
• School Social Workers, Racial and Ethnic Issues for
• Section 8
• Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act
• Self-Harm, Cultural Aspects of
• Senior Services
• Service Providers and Diversity
• Sexual Abuse Survivors
• Sexual Reassignment Surgery
• Sikhism
• Single Parents
• Size Discrimination
• Slavery and Lasting Cultural Effects of Social Biology/Biological Determinism
• Smoking and Smoking Cessation, Cultural Aspects of
• Social and Economic Justice
• Social Capital, Role of
• Social Darwinism
• Social Determinants of Health
• Social Epidemiology
• Social Innovation
• Social Security, Services Funded by
• Social Security Administration
• Social Services, Disabled Children and
• Social Welfare Policy, Cultural Competence in
• Social Welfare Programs, Cultural Competence in
• Social Work, Diversity Practice in
• Social Work Practice and People of Color
• Social Workers
• Socioeconomic Status
• Sociology of Disability
• South American Immigrants
• Southern Communities and Cultural Competence
• Special Education
• Spirituality/Religion and Diversity
• State Children's Health Insurance Program
• Status Offense
• Stolen Generation
• Student Visas
• Subcultures
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Association
• Substance Abuse Treatment for Children and Adolescents
• Suicide, Cultural Aspects of
• Suicide Prevention Services
• Supplemental Security Income, Services Funded by
• Supported Housing
• Sweatshop Laborers
• T
• Targeted Case Management
• Telecommunications Devices for the Deaf
• Temporary Assistance to Needy Families
• Tobacco Use, International Variations in Attitudes Toward
• Torture, Survivors of
• Traditional Medicine
• Transgender Individuals
• Transportation Services
• Trauma-Focused Services
• Tribal Social Services
• Tribal Sovereignty
• TRIO Programs
• Truancy
• TuDiabetes
• Twelve-Step Programs
• Two-Spirits
• U
• Undocumented Immigrants
• Uninsured Clients
• United Farm Workers of America
• United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
• United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
• United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
• United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
• United States, Demographics of
• Universal Access/Universal Design
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights
• Urban Communities and Human Services
• U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
• U.S. Cultural Regions
• U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
• V
• Values and Ethics, Ethnic Diversity and
• Veterans Services
• Victim Services
• Vietnamese Americans
• Volunteer Services
• Voting Rights Act of 1965
• W
• War and Terrorism, Survivors of
• War on Poverty Programs
• Welfare Reform, Role of
• Western Communities and Cultural Competence
• White Privilege
• Women, Battered
• Women Minorities
• Workplace Health Services
• Wraparound Services/Systems of Care
• Y
• Yale Center for Dyslexia and Creativity
• Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System
• Yuppies and Buppies
• Z
• Zero Tolerance Approach in Schools
• Glossary and Acronyms
• Resource Guide
• Appendix: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Health Disparities and Inequalities Report—United States, 2013
• Photo Credits