World Terrorism: An Encyclopedia of Political Violence from Ancient Times to the Post-9/11 Era

Editor: Ciment, James
Publication Year: 2013
Publisher: Routledge

Single-User Purchase Price: $89.00
Unlimited-User Purchase Price: $133.50
ISBN: 978-0-7656-8284-0
Category: Social Sciences - Criminology & Law
Image Count: 148
Book Status: Available
Table of Contents

This title provides the definitive reference resource on terrorism throughout the world from Ancient Greece and Rome to the post-September 11 world.

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Table of Contents

  • Introduction: The Problem and Meaning of World Terrorism
  • A-Z Entries
  • A
  • Afghanistan: Rise of the Taliban, 1990s
  • Afghanistan: Soviet War, 1979–1989
  • Afghanistan: Terrorist Haven Under the Taliban, 1994–2001
  • Afghanistan: U.S. Invasion and War, 2001–Present
  • Airport Security, U.S., Post–9/11
  • Algeria: Fundamentalist Conflict, 1980s–Present
  • Algeria: Liberation War Against France, 1954–1962
  • Al-Qaeda
  • Ancient World: Greece and Rome
  • Angola: Civil and Separatist Wars, 1975–2000s
  • Anti-Muslim Sentiment, Post–9/11
  • Argentina: Leftist Terrorism and the “Dirty War,” 1960s–1980s
  • Asia, Middle Ages: Mongols
  • Asia and the Pacific: Japanese Occupation, 1931–1945
  • Assassination
  • Asymmetric Warfare
  • B
  • Bahrain: Shiite Struggle, 1980s–Present
  • Bin Laden, Osama
  • Bin Laden, Osama: Pursuit and Death of, 1998–2011
  • Bosnia: Civil Conflict, 1991–1995
  • Brazil: Military Dictatorship, 1964–1985
  • British Empire: Counterterrorism Before 1945
  • C
  • Cambodia: Genocide and Civil Conflict, 1975–1978
  • Canada: International Terrorism, 1970s–Present
  • Canada: Quebec Separatism, 1960s–1970s
  • Central Asian Republics: Islamist Terrorism, 1991–Present
  • Chile: Coup and Dictatorship, 1965–1989
  • China: Uighur and Muslim Unrest, 1990s–Present
  • Civil Liberties, Civil Rights, and National Security, Post –9/11
  • Cleanup and Rebuilding, Post–9/11
  • Collaboration Among Terrorists
  • Colombia: Guerrilla Warfare and Narco-Terrorism, 1960s–Present
  • Counterterrorism (Overview)
  • Cyberterrorism and Information Warfare
  • Cyprus: Anti-British Struggle, 1954–1958
  • D
  • Definitions, Views, and Categories of Terrorism (Overview)
  • Domestic vs. International Terrorism
  • Drone Attacks and Assassinations, Counterterrorist
  • Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime Connections
  • E
  • Eastern Europe and Soviet Union: Anti-German Resistance, 1939–1945
  • Eastern Europe and Soviet Union: German Occupation, 1939–1945
  • Economic Impact of 9/11, Global
  • Economic Impact of 9/11, U.S.
  • Egypt: Fundamentalist Struggle, 1980s–2000s
  • El Salvador: Civil War, 1970s–1992
  • Emergency Response to 9/11: Police, Firefighters, Medical Personnel
  • Eritrea: Anti-Ethiopian Struggle and Somali Civil War, 1961–2000s
  • Ethnonationalist Terrorism
  • Europe: Holocaust, 1933–1945
  • Europe, Middle Ages
  • Europe and Japan: German and Allied Bombing, 1939–1945
  • European Colonial Conquests, 18th–20th Centuries
  • F
  • Financial Counterterrorism
  • Finland: Civil War, 1918
  • France: Anarchism, 1880s–1890s
  • France: Anti-German Resistance, 1940–1945
  • France: Ethnic, Nationalist, and Separatist Struggles, 1960s–1990s
  • France: Islamist Terrorism, 1990s
  • France: Left-Wing Terrorism and Activism, 1970s–2000s
  • France: Paris Commune, 1871
  • France: Response to Anti-Colonial Struggles, 1946–1962
  • France: Revolution, 1789–1815
  • France: Right-Wing Terrorism, 1960s–1990s
  • France and Italy: German Occupation, 1940–1945
  • Freelance, Contract, and Lone Zealot Terrorists
  • G
  • Germany: Waffen SS, 1939–1945
  • Germany: World War II Atrocities and Crimes, 1939–1945
  • Germany, West: Red Army Faction (Baader-Meinhof Gang), 1960s–1980s
  • Germany and Japan: War Crimes Trials, 1945–1948
  • Greece: Civil War, 1944–1953
  • Greece: Domestic and International Terrorism, 1973–2000s
  • Guatemala: Civil War, 1960s–1996
  • H
  • Hijackers, 9/11
  • Hijacking
  • Historical Roots—Terrorism Through World War II (Overview)
  • Homeland Defense, U.S.: Organization and Policy, Post–9/11
  • Hostage Negotiations
  • Hunt for al-Qaeda and Terrorist Networks, 2001–Present
  • I
  • Ideological Orientation in Modern Terrorism: Anti-Western and Anti-U.S.
  • Immigration Policy and Border Defense, U.S., Post–9/11
  • Imprisonment and Legal Status of Detainees, Post–9/11
  • India: Anti-British Struggle, 1900–1947
  • India: Kashmir Struggle, 1947–Present
  • India: Sikh Nationalism, 1970s–1990s
  • Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam): Anti-French Conflict, 1946–1954
  • Indonesia: Islamist Militancy, 1990s–Present
  • Intelligence Community, U.S.: Pre-9/11 Failures and Successes
  • Intelligence Community, U.S.: Response to 9/11
  • Intelligence, Counterterrorist
  • International Cooperation Against Terrorism
  • International Law and the War on Terrorism
  • Internet, Terrorist Use of
  • Iran: Revolution and Post-Revolution Violence, 1970s–Present
  • Iran: State Sponsorship of Terrorism, 1980s–Present
  • Iraq: Saddam Hussein Regime, 1968–2003
  • Iraq: State Terrorism Against the Kurds, 1968–2003
  • Iraq: U.S. Invasion and Post–Saddam Hussein Era, 2003–Present
  • Ireland: Independence Struggle, 1916–1923
  • Islamist Fundamentalist Terrorism
  • Israel: Raid on Entebbe, 1976
  • Israel: Raids on the PLO, 1960s–1980s
  • Israel: Response to Terrorism, 1948–Present
  • Israel: War of Independence, 1948–1949
  • Israel/Palestine: Jewish Terrorism, 1940s–Present
  • Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 1960s–Present
  • Italy: Red Brigades, 1969–1984
  • J
  • Japan: Atomic Bomb, 1945
  • Japan: Aum Shinrikyo Terrorism, 1980s–1990s
  • Japan: Radical Attacks, 1960s–1980s
  • Jordan: Palestinian Nationalism and Islamic Fundamentalism, 1960s–2000s
  • K
  • Kenya: Mau Mau Uprising, 1952–1956
  • Kenya and Tanzania: U.S. Embassy Bombings, 1998
  • Kidnapping and Extortion
  • Korea: Korean War, 1950–1953
  • Korea, North: WMD Threat, 1980s–Present
  • L
  • Law Enforcement, Counterterrorist
  • Lebanon: Civil War, 1975–1990
  • Lebanon: Hezbollah, 1982–Present
  • Lebanon: Post–Civil War Era, 1987–Present
  • Left-Wing and Revolutionary Terrorism
  • Libya: State Sponsorship of Terrorism, 1970s–2000s
  • M
  • Macedonia: Anti-Turkish Resistance, 1893–1939
  • Malaysia (Malaya): Anti-British Conflict, 1948–1960
  • Mass-Casualty Attacks and Strategic Targets
  • Media and Propaganda in Counterterrorism
  • Media Coverage and Manipulation in Modern Terrorism
  • Media Coverage of 9/11
  • Mexico: Narco-Terrorism, 2000s–Present
  • Mexico: Zapatista Uprising, 1994–2000s
  • Middle East, Middle Ages: Assassins’ Cult
  • Modern Terrorism—Post–World War II Era (Overview)
  • Money: Raising, Laundering, and Transfer
  • N
  • Namibia: Anti–South African Struggle, 1960–1990
  • National Political Response to 9/11, U.S.
  • Nepal: Maoist Uprising, 1996–2006
  • New York City and State Response to 9/11
  • Nicaragua: Revolution and Counterrevolution, 1974–1990
  • Nigeria: Antigovernment Violence and Christmas Day Bomber, 1960s–2000s
  • Norway: German Occupation, 1940–1945
  • O
  • Organization of Terrorist Groups
  • Ottoman Empire (Turkey): Armenian Massacres and Genocide, 1894–1896, 1914–1916
  • P
  • Pakistan: Islamist Struggle, 1947–Present
  • Palestine: Beginning of International Terrorism, 1968–1970
  • Palestine: Birth of Fatah and the Palestine Liberation Organization, 1948–1969
  • Palestine, British: 1920–1947
  • Palestine: First Intifada, 1987–1992
  • Palestine: Islamist Fundamentalism, 1980s–Present
  • Palestine: PLO and the Arab States, 1970s–Present
  • Palestinian Terrorism: Hijacking of the Achille Lauro, 1985
  • Palestinian Terrorism: Raids on Kiryat Shmona and Ma'alot, 1974
  • Peru: Shining Path and Leftist Uprisings, 1970s–2000s
  • Philippines: Marxist and Islamist Struggles, 1940s–2000s
  • Portuguese Africa (Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique): Liberation Struggles, 1961–1975
  • Privacy Issues and Government Spying, Post–9/11
  • Psychology of Terrorists
  • R
  • Recruitment and Training of Terrorists
  • Religious (Non-Islamist) Terrorism
  • Right-Wing and Reactionary Terrorism
  • Romania: Nazi Collaboration, 1940–1942
  • Russia: Anarchism, 1878–1881
  • Russia: Chechnya Conflict, 1994–Present
  • Russia: Civil War, 1917–1921
  • Russia/Soviet Union: Ethnic and Nationalist Conflict in the Transcaucasus Region and Ukraine, 1980s–2000s
  • Rwanda: Genocide, 1994–2000s
  • S
  • Safe Havens, Terrorist
  • Saudi Arabia: Domestic and International Terrorism, 1980s–2000s
  • Security and Defense Legislation, U.S., Post–9/11
  • September 11, 2001: Attacks and Response (Overview)
  • September 11, 2001: International Reaction (Overview)
  • September 11, 2001: Political, Legal, and Social Issues (Overview)
  • September 11, 2001: Security and Defense Responses (Overview)
  • Serbia: Kosovo Conflict, 1990s
  • Shock and Mourning, Post–9/11
  • Sierra Leone: Civil War, 1997–2002
  • Somalia: Failed State Conflict and Rise of Islamist Militants, 1977–2000s
  • South Africa: Antiapartheid Struggle, 1948–1994
  • South Africa: Postapartheid Violence, 1994–2000s
  • Soviet Union: Stalinism, 1928–1953
  • Soviet Union: Wartime Atrocities and Crimes, 1941–1945
  • Spain: Conflict with ETA, 1959–2000s
  • Spain: Islamist Terrorism, 2004
  • Special Events Security, Post–9/11
  • Special Operations, Counterterrorist
  • Sri Lanka: Tamil Tiger Uprising, Late 1970s–2009
  • State vs. Nonstate Terrorism
  • State-Sponsored Terrorism
  • Sudan: Conflicts in South Sudan and Darfur, Late 1950s–2000s
  • Sudan: Terrorist Haven, 1989–2000s
  • Suicide Attacks
  • Syria: State Sponsorship of Terrorism, 1979–2000s
  • T
  • Tactics, Methods, and Aims of Modern Terrorism (Overview)
  • Technology, Terrorist and Counterterrorist
  • Terror Threat Warnings, Post–9/11
  • Timor Leste (East Timor): Independence Struggle, 1975–2002
  • Torture, Prisoner Abuse, and Extraordinary Rendition
  • Turkey: Kurdish Struggle, 1984–2000s
  • U
  • Uganda: Lord's Resistance Army and Other Terrorist Groups, 1996–2001
  • Uganda: State Terrorism Under Idi Amin, 1971–1979
  • United Kingdom: Decolonization and Post-Decolonization Struggles, 1945–1970s
  • United Kingdom: Islamist Terrorism, 2000s
  • United Kingdom: Northern Ireland Troubles, 1968–2000s
  • United States: Animal Rights, 1970s–2000s
  • United States: Anthrax Attacks, 2001
  • United States: Antiabortion Violence, 1973–Present
  • United States: Aryan Nations and White Supremacists, 1970s–2000s
  • United States: Black Panther Violence, 1966–1971
  • United States: Ecoterrorism, 1980s–2000s
  • United States: Indian Wars, 17th-19th Centuries
  • United States: Ku Klux Klan Violence, 1865–1990s
  • United States: Millennium Bomb Plot, 1999
  • United States: Molly Maguires, 1860s–1870s
  • United States: Oklahoma City Bombing and the Militia Movement, 1990s
  • United States: Puerto Rican Separatism, 1950s–1980s
  • United States: Response to Terrorism Before September 11: 1960s–2001
  • United States: Symbionese Liberation Army Violence, 1970s
  • United States: Tax Protesters, 1970s–Present
  • United States: Weathermen Violence, 1960s–1970s
  • United States: World Trade Center Bombing, 1993
  • Urban vs. Rural Terrorism
  • Uruguay: Tupamaro Uprising, 1960s–1985
  • U.S. Armed Forces Missions, Post–9/11
  • U.S. Foreign Policy, Post–9/11
  • U.S. Foreign Relations, Post–9/11
  • U.S. National Guard Missions, Post–9/11
  • V
  • Venezuela: Guerrilla Uprising, 1962–1979
  • Victim Relief, Post–9/11
  • Victims, Use of by Terrorists
  • Victims and Survivors of 9/11
  • Vietnam: U.S. War, 1959–1975
  • W
  • Weapons, Chemical and Biological
  • Weapons, Conventional
  • Weapons, Nuclear and Radiological
  • World War I: Assassination at Sarajevo, 1914
  • World War I: Atrocities, 1914–1918
  • Y
  • Yemen: Civil War and Islamist Terrorism, 1990s–2000s
  • Yugoslavia: Anti-German Resistance, 1941–1945
  • Z
  • Zimbabwe (Rhodesia): Liberation Struggle and Postliberation Violence, 1965–2000s
  • Primary Documents
  • Josephus's Account of the Sicarii (ca. C.E. 75)
  • Crusader Tactics, Excerpt from d'Aguilers's History (1099)
  • The Ismaili Assassins, Account by Marco Polo (ca. 1271)
  • Massacre at Lenthall, Account by Oliver Cromwell (ca. 1649)
  • Robespierre's Reign of Terror, Miscellaneous Documents (1793–1794)
  • John Brown's Raid, A Recollection (1859)
  • The Sand Creek Massacre, Excerpt from the Congressional Testimony of John S. Smith (1865)
  • Pogroms Against Russian Jews, News Dispatches (1881)
  • August Spies and the Haymarket Riots, Excerpt from An Autobiographical Sketch (1886)
  • Colonial Terror in the Congo Free State, Report of the British Consul (1904)
  • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, A Firsthand Account (1914)
  • Occupation of Belgium in World War I, Report on German Outrages (1914)
  • Armenian Massacres in the Ottoman Empire, Excerpt from the Bryce Report (1916)
  • Russia's Red Terror, Miscellaneous Documents (1918–1919)
  • Irish Declaration of Independence (1919)
  • Zionist Manifesto, “The Iron Wall,” by Vladimir Jabotinsky (1923)
  • Kristallnacht, Nazi Germany, Miscellaneous Documents (1938)
  • Israeli Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance (1948) and Amendments (1980, 1986, 1993)
  • Tokyo Convention on Offenses Committed On Board Aircraft (1963)
  • An American Nazi Manifesto, by George Lincoln Rockwell (1965)
  • Palestinian National Charter (1968)
  • French Canadian Separatism, FLQ Manifesto (1970)
  • The Hague Convention on the Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft (1970)
  • OAS Convention to Prevent and Punish Acts of Terrorism (1971)
  • Montreal Convention on Civil Aviation Safety (1971)
  • Symbionese Liberation Army Manifesto (1973)
  • Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Internationally Protected Persons (1973)
  • Convention on Biological and Toxin Weapons (1975)
  • European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism (1977)
  • UN Resolution 3034, Measures to Prevent International Terrorism (1977)
  • UN Resolution 425, on the Withdrawal of Israeli Forces from Lebanon (1978)
  • International Convention Against the Taking of Hostages (1979)
  • Nuclear Material Convention (1980)
  • Terrorist Affected Areas (Special Courts) Act, India (1984)
  • UN Resolution 39/159, on State Terrorism (1984)
  • SAARC Regional Convention on Suppression of Terrorism (1987)
  • Supplement to the Montreal Convention of 1971 (1988)
  • Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (1988)
  • Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf (1988)
  • Covenant of Hamas, Islamic Resistance Movement (1988)
  • Montreal Convention on Plastic Explosives (1991)
  • UN Resolution 731, on Libya's Support of Terrorism (1992)
  • UN Resolution 748, Imposing Economic and Political Sanctions on Libya
  • Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), Statement of Principles (1992)
  • Executive Order 12947, Prohibiting Transactions with Specially Designated Terrorists (1995)
  • ETA Manifesto to the Basque Country (1995)
  • Presidential Decision Directive 39, on Domestic Counterterrorism (1995)
  • Unabomber Manifesto (1995)
  • Ottawa Ministerial Declaration on Countering Terrorism (1995)
  • UN Resolution 1044, on the Assassination Attempt on the Egyptian President (1996)
  • Summit of Peacemakers: Sharm el-Sheikh Final Statement (1996)
  • Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act, Summary (1996)
  • UN Resolution 1054, Imposing Sanctions in Connection with Resolution 1044 (1996)
  • G-7 Declaration on Terrorism, Lyon, France (1996)
  • Church Arson Prevention Act (1996)
  • G-7/P-8 Ministerial Conference on Terrorism, Paris, Agreement (1996)
  • UN Resolution 51/210, Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism (1996)
  • International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings (1997)
  • World Islamic Front Statement, Osama bin Laden (1998)
  • League of Arab States Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism (1998)
  • UN Resolution 1189, Condemning the U.S. Embassy Bombings in Kenya and Tanzania (1998)
  • UN Resolution 1193, on the Situation in Afghanistan and the Ruling Taliban (1998)
  • UN Resolution 1214, on the Worsening Situation in Afghanistan (1998)
  • New Year Statement, Irish Republican Army (1999)
  • Convention of the Organization of the Islamic Conference on Combating International Terrorism (1999)
  • UN Resolution 1267, Demanding the Extradition of Osama bin Laden from Afghanistan (1999)
  • UN Resolution 1269, on the Responsibility of the Security Council in the Maintenance of International Peace and Security (1999)
  • International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (1999)
  • UN Resolution 1333, on the Continuing Situation in Afghanistan (2000)
  • Statement of Explanation, Oklahoma City Bombing, Timothy McVeigh (2001)
  • UN Resolution 56/1, Condemnation of Terrorist Attacks in the United States (2001)
  • UN Resolution 1368, on Threats to International Peace and Security Caused by Terrorist Acts (2001)
  • Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People, President George W. Bush, September 20, 2001
  • OAS Resolution, Strengthening Hemispheric Cooperation to Prevent, Combat, and Eliminate Terrorism (2001)
  • Executive Order on Terrorist Financing (2001)
  • UN Resolution 1373, on Suppressing Terrorist Financing (2001)
  • Al-Qaeda Statement on the War in Afghanistan (2001)
  • IRA Statement on Disarmament (2001)
  • USA PATRIOT Act, Summary by U.S. Senator Patrick Leahy (2001)
  • Statement by Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi on Antiterrorism Legislation (2001)
  • Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act, United Kingdom, Summary (2001)
  • Anti-Terrorism Act, Canada, Official Recommendation and Summary (2001)
  • “Army of God Manual,” Excerpt (2002)
  • Prevention of Terrorism Act, India (2002)
  • Documents on Torture, George W. Bush Administration (2002)
  • National Security Strategy of the United States, George W. Bush Administration (2002)
  • Letter on Iraq from L. Paul Bremer to President George W. Bush (2003)
  • Retroactive Immunity, FISA Amendments Act (2008)
  • Final Report on the Mumbai Terrorist Attack of November 26, 2008 (2009)
  • President Barack Obama Announces Troop Surge in Afghanistan (2009)
  • “Message of Hope and Glad Tidings to Our People in Egypt,” Open Letter from Ayman al-Zawahiri (2011)
  • President Barack Obama Announces the Killing of Osama bin Laden (2011)
  • Chronology
  • Directory of Terrorist Groups and Individuals
  • Glossary
  • Master Bibliography
  • Books, Articles, and Reports
  • Web Sites