The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Paleopathology is a major reference work for all those interested in the identification of disease in human remains.

Table of Contents

• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Part One: History of paleopathology
• Introduction
• Antecedent phase
• Genesis of paleopathology
• Interbellum consolidation phase
• The new paleopathology
• Part Two: Pseudopathology
• Pseudopathology: Introduction
• Soft tissue pseudopathology
• Skeletal tissue pseudopaleopathology
• Part Three: Traumatic conditions
• Traumatic conditions
• Skeletal evidence of trauma
• Fracture
• Skull fractures and crushing injuries
• Vertebral and thoracic fractures
• Dislocations
• Traumatic myositis ossificans
• Localized subperiosteal thickenings
• Skeletal injuries by weapons
• Decapitation
• Strangulation
• Amputation: the skeletal evidence
• Amputation: the soft tissue (finger) evidence
• Trephination
• Cranial deformation
• Cauterization
• Bloodletting
• Scalping
• Crucifixion
• Soft tissue injuries: inflicted by others
• Lacerations and stab wounds
• Sacrifice victims
• Accidental injuries
• Soft tissue injuries: mutilation
• Introduction
• Labrets
• Nasal and earrings
• Hair and nails
• Circumcision
• Tattoos and scarification
• Purpose(s)
• Part Four: Congenital anomalies
• Congenital skeletal anomolies
• Skull malformations
• Craniosynostoses
• Complex craniofacial deformities
• Anencephaly
• Microcephaly
• Macrocephaly
• Hydrocephalus
• Congenital herniation of meninges and brain
• Cleft palate (palatoschisis)
• Enlarged parietal foramina (foramina parietalia permagna; Catlin Mark)
• Congenital malformations of the spine
• Atlas occipitalization (atlanto-occipital fusion; atlanto-occipital assimilation)
• Basilar impression
• Klippel-Feil syndrome
• Jarcho-Levin syndrome of vertebral anomalies
• Congenital absence of the odontoid process
• Spina bifida
• Butterfly vertebra
• Anterior spina bifida
• Incomplete segmentation of vertebral segments
• Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis
• Hemivertebrae
• Sacrococcygeal agenesis
• Sacral agenesis
• Congenital absence of the pedicles
• Transitional vertebrae
• Scoliosis
• Congenital kyphosis
• Congenital malformations of the thorax
• Cervical ribs
• Costal fusion
• Other rib anomalies
• Congenital malformations of the pelvis
• Congenital dislocation of the hip
• Extrophy of bladder and cleft pelvis
• Aplasia and hypoplasia of the extremities
• Failures in the development of a limb
• Failures in the development of bones
• Upper extremity malformations
• Dysostosis cleidocranialis
• Sprengel's deformity
• Madelung's deformity
• Congenital radio-ulnar synostosis
• Congenital dislocation of the radius
• Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the clavicle
• Carpal blocks
• Lower extremity malformations
• Developmental coxa vara
• Genu recurvatum congenitum
• Bipartite patella
• Congenital angulation of the tibia
• Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia
• Tibial-fibular synostosis
• Tarsal blocks
• Talipes equinovarus
• Metatarsus varus congenitus
• Talus verticalis congenitus
• Malformations of fingers and toes
• Adactyly
• Syndactyly
• Polydactyly
• Symphalangism
• Hyperphalangism
• Part Five: Circulatory disorders
• Aneurysms
• Congenital aortic disease
• Osteochondritis dissecans
• Osteochondroses
• Necrosis of the femoral head
• Primary necrosis of the medial femoral condyle
• Slipped femoral capital epiphysis
• Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
• Part Six: Joint diseases
• Degenerative joint disease
• Degenerative disease of the spine
• Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Juvenile chronic arthritis
• Ankylosing spondylitis (AS)
• Psoriatic arthritis
• Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis)
• Enteropathic arthropathies
• Traumatic arthritis
• Nonspecific septic arthritis
• Neurotrophic arthropathy
• Gout
• Definition and etiology
• Ochronosis
• Hemochromatosis
• Definition
• Genetic (primary, hereditary, idiopathic) hemochromatosis
• Acquired hemochromatosis
• Paleopathology
• Part Seven: Infectious diseases
• Infectious Diseases: Introduction
• Bacterial Infections
• Tuberculosis
• Leprosy
• Treponematosis
• Osteomyelitis
• Pneumonia
• Salmonellosis
• Brucellosis
• Actinomycosis
• Nocardiosis
• Plague
• Cholera
• Gas gangrene
• Lyme disease
• Glanders
• Tropical ulcer
• Tropical ulcer
• Ainhum
• Virus Infections
• Introduction
• Smallpox
• Measles
• Rubella
• Influenza
• Poliomyelitis
• Miscellaneous virus infections
• Fungal Infections
• Introduction
• History of the fungal infections
• Systemic mycoses
• Subcutaneous Mycoses
• Parasitic Infections
• Introduction
• Protozoan infections
• Helminth infections
• Part Eight: Diseases of the viscera
• Diseases of the viscera: Introduction
• Soft tissue lesions of the head and neck
• Heart and pericardial diseases
• Pulmonary diseases
• Liver and biliary tract diseases
• Gastrointestinal tract diseases
• Urinary diseases
• Genital diseases
• Breast diseases
• Dermatological diseases
• Part Nine: Metabolic diseases
• Vitamin D-related syndromes: rickets and osteomalacia
• Scurvy
• Osteoporosis
• Intoxications
• Fluorosis
• Lead poisoning
• Mercury poisoning
• Arsenic poisoning
• Mycotoxicosis
• Part Ten: Endocrine disorders
• Endocrine disorders: Introduction
• The pituitary gland
• The parathyroid glands
• Disorders affecting gender expression
• The thyroid
• The adrenals
• Diabetes mellitus
• Part Eleven: Hematological disorders
• Hematological disorders: Introduction
• Disorders of red blood cells (anemias)
• Disorders of white blood cells
• Bleeding disorders
• Part Twelve: Skeletal dysplasias
• Skeletal dysplasias: Introduction
• Growth defects of long bones and spine
• Introduction
• Achondroplasia
• Chondrodysplasia punctata
• Camptomelic Dysplasia
• Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia
• Short-limbed dwarfism with prominent spine alterations
• Congenital spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia
• Kniest dysplasia
• Larsen's syndrome
• Metaphyseal and diaphyseal disorders
• Diaphyseal aclasis
• Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
• Metatrophic dysplasia
• Dystrophic dysplasia
• Dyschondrosteosis
• Chondroectodermal dysplasia
• Developmental anomalies of cartilaginous and fibrous components of the skeleton
• Dyschondroplasia
• Disorders of diaphyseal density or metaphyseal remodeling
• Osteopetrosis
• Dysosteosclerosis
• Pyknodysostosis
• Infantile cortical hyperostosis
• Diaphyseal dysplasia
• Frontometaphyseal dysplasia
• Craniometaphyseal dysplasia
• Metaphyseal dysplasia
• Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
• Melorheostosis
• Hyperphosphatasia
• Hypophosphatasia
• Collagen disorders leading to inappropriate mineralization
• Introduction
• Osteogenesis imperfecta
• Fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium
• Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
• Osteopoikilosis
• Osteopathia striata
• Nail–Patella syndrome
• Marfan's syndrome
• Homocystinuria
• Skeletal dysplasias due to chromosomal aberrations
• Introduction
• Trisomy 21
• Trisomy 8
• Deletion 5p
• Turner's syndrome
• Klinefelter's syndrome
• Skeletal dysplasias due to congenital metabolic disorders
• Mucopolysaccharidoses
• Mucolipidoses
• Lipid storage diseases
• Part Thirteen: Neoplastic conditions
• General principles of neoplasia
• Definition
• Characteristics of benign and malignant tumors
• Function of neoplastic cells
• Epidemiology
• Causes of neoplasia
• Cancer in antiquity
• Paleopathological study of neoplasms
• Tumors of osseous origin or differentiation
• Osteoma
• Solitary enostosis
• Osteoid osteoma
• Osteoblastoma
• Ossifying fibroma
• Osteogenic sarcoma
• Tumors of cartilage origin or differentiation
• Chondroma
• Chondroblastoma
• Chondromyxoid fibroma
• Osteochondroma
• Chondrosarcoma
• Tumors of fibrous connective tissue origin or differentiation
• Introduction
• Desmoplastic fibroma
• Nonossifying fibroma
• Fibrosarcoma
• Fibrous histiocytoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma
• Lipoma, liposarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma
• Tumors of vascular differentiation
• Hemangioma of bone
• Glomus tumor, hemangiopericytoma, and hemangioendothelioma
• Angiosarcoma
• Tumors of neural tissue
• Neurilemmoma (Schwannoma), neurofibroma, and neurofibrosarcoma
• Notochord tumors
• Chordoma
• Miscellaneous tumors of unknown origin
• Giant cell reparative granuloma
• Meningioma
• Giant cell tumor
• Ewing's sarcoma
• Primary malignant lymphoma of bone
• Metastatic skeletal lesions
• Bone cysts
• Part Fourteen: Diseases of the dentition
• Oral biology
• Attrition
• Temporomandibular joint disease
• Periodontal disorders
• Dental caries
• Enamel hypoplasia
• Miscellaneous dentition-related conditions
• Part Fifteen: Miscellaneous conditions
• Paget's disease of bone
• Leontiasis ossea
• Hyperostosis frontalis interna
• Generalized hyperostosis with pachydermia (pachydermo-hyperostosis)
• Fibrous dysplasia of bone (fibro-osseous dysplasia)
• Skeletal neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease)
• Harris lines
• References