The Encyclopedia of Social Media and Politics will explore how the rise of social media is altering politics both in the United States and in key moments, movement, and places around the world. Its scope encompasses the disruptive technologies and activities that are changing basic patterns in American politics, and the amazing transformations that social media use is rendering in other political systems heretofore resistant to democratization and change.

Table of Contents

• List of Articles
• Reader's Guide
• About the General Editor
• List of Contributors
• Introduction
• Chronology
• Volume 1
• A
• AARP
• Activists and Activism, Digital
• Actors and Social Media in Politics
• Adbusters Media Foundation
• Addiction, Social Media
• Advertising and Marketing
• Advocacy Groups, Political Branding of
• Africa, North
• Africa, Sub-Saharan
• Age
• Aggregation
• Al Gore's Penguin Army
• Al Jazeera Effect
• Algorithmic Authority
• A-List Bloggers
• Alpha Blogger
• American Debt Crisis and Twitter
• American Enterprise Institute
• Amplification
• Annette Strauss Institute for Civic Life
• Anonoblog
• Anonymous
• Antibullying Campaigns
• Antislavery Campaign and Social Media
• Antiwar Protesting
• Apple v. Does
• Arab Spring
• Artists and Social Media in Politics
• Asia
• Association of Internet Researchers
• Astroturfing
• Attention Crash
• Audience Fragmentation/Segmentation
• Avaaz
• Avatars
• B
• Bachmann, Michele
• Backchannel
• Bahrain
• Bambuser.com
• Berkman Center
• Big Data
• BlackPlanet.com
• Blog for America
• Blog Storm
• Blog Syndication
• Blogger Rights and Responsibilities
• Blogosphere
• Blogs
• Blogs, Role in Politics
• Blood Sport Campaigns
• Boehner, John
• Bookmarking
• Born This Way Foundation
• Bottom-Up Campaigns
• Bounce Back
• Bounce Back Effect
• Brave New Films
• Buzz Creation
• C
• Campaign Strategy
• Campaigns, Congressional (2000)
• Campaigns, Congressional (2002)
• Campaigns, Congressional (2004)
• Campaigns, Congressional (2006)
• Campaigns, Congressional (2008)
• Campaigns, Congressional (2010)
• Campaigns, Digital
• Campaigns, E-Mail
• Campaigns, Grassroots
• Campaigns, Organizing
• Campaigns, Presidential (2000)
• Campaigns, Presidential (2004)
• Campaigns, Presidential (2008)
• Campaigns, 2012
• Campaigns, Virtual
• Canada
• Candidate Image
• Candidates, Political Branding of
• CAN-SPAM Act (2003)
• Cantor, Eric
• Carnivore
• Catholic church and social media
• Cato Institute
• Cause-Marketing Campaigns
• Center for Communication and Civic Engagement
• Center for Democracy and Technology
• Center for Information Technology and Society
• Center for Innovative Media
• Center for International Media Assistance
• Center for Internet Studies
• Center for Responsive Politics (OpenSecrets.org)
• Center for Social Media
• Center on Public Diplomacy
• Chaffetz, Jason
• Change.gov
• Change.org
• Chartered Institute of Public Relations Social Media Guidelines
• Chat Rooms
• China
• Christian Right
• Citizen Journalism
• Civil Rights
• Clickable Calls to Action
• Click-Through Rate
• Clicktivism
• Clinton, Hillary
• Cloud Computing
• Cloud Computing and Citizen Privacy
• Cloud Protesting
• Cloud Tiger Media
• CNN Effect
• Coattail Effect
• Coburn, Tom
• CODEPINK
• Cognitive Surplus
• Colbert Report, The
• ColorofChange.org
• Committee to Protect Journalists
• Communication
• Conflict Resolution, Social Media and
• Constituencies, Social Media Influence on
• Content Communities
• ContractfromAmerica.org
• Cornyn, John
• Corporate Social Responsibility
• Countries Banning Social Media for Political Reasons
• Crowdfunding
• Crowdsourcing
• Cultivation
• Cyberculture
• Cyber-Jihad
• Cyber-Vigilantism
• Cyclical Message Strategies
• Cynicism, Political
• D
• Daily Show, The
• DailyCaller.com
• Daniel Pearl Freedom of the Press Act
• Data Mining
• Data.gov
• Debate
• Deception in Political Social Media
• Decoy Campaign Web Sites
• Deep Packet Inspection
• Delicious.com
• Demand Progress
• DeMint, Jim
• Democracy Now!
• DemocracyforAmerica.com
• Demonstrations, Organizing
• Department of Homeland Security Social Media Monitoring Initiative
• Developing Nations
• Diaspora/Migration
• Digerati
• Digg
• Digital Citizen
• Digital Cultures Research Center
• Digital Diplomacy
• Digital Due Process Coalition
• Digital Government
• Digital Media Law Project
• Digital Revolution
• DipNote
• Disaster Relief
• Documentaries, Social Media, and Social Change
• Domestic Surveillance and Social Media
• Dooced
• Downstream Liability, Political Implications of
• Dragonfly Effect, The
• Drudge Report
• Durbin, Richard J.
• E
• Earned Media
• ECHELON
• Echo Chamber Phenomenon
• Economic and Social Justice
• E-Democracy
• EdgeRank
• Education, Issues in
• Egypt
• 18DaysinEgypt.com
• Election Monitoring
• Electronic Frontier Foundation
• Electronic Privacy Information Center
• Electronic Voting
• Ellison, Keith
• Ellmers, Renee
• Embedding
• Engagement Advertising
• Engagement Features
• Environmental Issues
• Estrada, Joseph
• Ethics of Social Media in Politics
• Europe
• Evolution of Social Media
• E-Voter Institute
• Volume 2
• F
• Facebook
• Facial Recognition Technology
• FactCheck.org
• Faith-Based Social Change
• Fan Page
• Fax Machines and Tiananmen Square Crisis
• Feb 17 voices
• Federal Privacy Act
• Federal Shield Law, Bloggers and
• FightTheSmears.com
• Findability
• FinFisher
• Firewalling
• Fiscal Cliff Crisis
• Flaming
• Flash Mobs as a Political Tactic
• Fleming, John
• Flickr
• Flog
• Focus Groups
• Folksonomy
• Forbes, J. Randy
• Forecasting Elections
• Foreign Policy
• Foursquare
• Framing Theory, Social Media and
• Franken, Al
• Freedom of the Press and National Security
• FreeRepublic.com
• Friendster
• Friend-to-Friend Strategies
• Functionality
• Fundly
• Fund-Raising
• G
• Gate Keeping Theory and Social Media
• Gender
• Geo-Locational Enabling
• Geotagging
• Get Out the Vote Drives
• GetUp.org.au
• Ghost Blogging
• Gillibrand, Kirsten
• Glee
• Global Center for Journalism and Democracy
• Global Voices
• Global Warming and Climate Change
• Going Viral
• Google AdWords/AdSense in Campaign Strategy
• Googlearchy and Politics
• Google+
• Grassley, Chuck
• Great Firewall of China
• Gun Control
• Gutiérrez, Luis
• H
• Hacktivism
• Hagan, Kay
• Hard Place Theater
• Hashtag
• Hatch, Orrin
• Hate Speech, Online and Social Media
• HeadCount.org
• Health Care
• Homophily
• Honeycomb Framework
• HootSuite.com
• HopeLab
• Hoyer, Steny
• Huffington Post
• Human Rights
• I
• I Am Gonna Be Your Friend Campaign
• I Am Second Movement
• Identity Politics
• Idlenomore.ca
• I-Docs.org
• Immersive Journalism
• Immigration
• Independent Media Center
• Indexoncensorship.org
• India
• Indonesia
• Inferring Sentiment
• Influence on Elections
• Infographic
• Information Abundance
• Information Aggregation
• Informationalized Nations Versus Industrialized Nations
• Innocence of Muslims, The
• Innovation and Technology
• Inouye, Dan
• Instagram
• Instant Messengers, IRC, and ICQ
• Institute for Public Diplomacy and Global Communication
• Institution for Social and Policy Studies
• Institutional Cabling
• Interactive Advertising Bureau
• Interactive Documentary
• International Examples of Political Parties and Social Media
• International Intervention
• International Online Communities
• International Social Media and Politics
• International Unrest and Revolution
• Internet Forums
• Internet Gathering
• Internet Society, The
• Iran
• Islam, Nation of
• Islam and Social Media
• Israeli–Palestinian Conflict
• Issa, Darrell
• J
• James K. Batten Award
• John Aubuchon Press Freedom Award
• Judaism and Social Media
• K
• Keystroke Logging
• Klout Score
• L
• Latin America
• Legacy Media/Old Media
• Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Rights
• Liberation Technology
• Libya
• Lieberman, Joe
• LinkedIn
• Lobbyists
• London School of Economics Public Policy Group
• Long-Tail Nano-Targeting
• Luddite
• M
• Mamfakinch
• Mashable
• McCarthy, Kevin
• McCaskill, Claire
• McConnell, Mitch
• McCotter, Thaddeus
• Media and Communication Policy
• Media Research Center
• Medicare
• Meetup.com
• Membership Communications Project
• Meme Mapping
• Menendez, Robert
• Microblogging
• Microfinance Initiatives
• Microtargeting
• Middle East
• Military-Industrial Complex
• Minimal Effects Theory
• MIT Center for Civic Media
• MIT Media Lab
• Mobile Apps
• Mobile Connectivity, Trends in Politics and
• Mobile Media User Data Collection and Privacy Protection
• Mobile/Smartphone Messaging
• Moblogging
• Moblog.net
• MOMocrats
• MomsRising.org
• Monarchies, Social Media, and Politics
• Morozov Principle
• Mosireen.org
• MoveOn Effect, The
• MoveOn.org
• Multiple Leveraging
• Musicians and Social Media in Politics
• Myspace
• Myth of Digital Democracy
• N
• Nation of Islam Movement
• National Center for Digital Government
• National Freedom of Information Coalition
• National Press Club
• Near-Me Tabs and Political Protest
• Negative Campaigning
• Network Influentials
• Networks, Political
• News Media
• Nongovernmental Organizations
• Nonprofit Organizations
• O
• Obama for America iPhone Application
• Occupy Movement
• Office of Government Information Services
• OhmyNews
• ONE Campaign
• 140ELECT.com
• 100Reporters Whistleblower Alley
• Onion, The
• Online Smear Campaigns
• Open Data
• Open Society Foundations
• Open Source Governance
• Open Source Politics
• OpenCongress.org
• Open.Dems
• OpenGovernment.org
• OpenLeaks
• OpenTunisia.org
• Opinion Leader Theory
• Opposition Videographer
• Outparty Innovation Incentives
• Oxford Internet Institute
• P
• Palin Phenomenon
• Participatory Politics Foundation
• Peer to Peer
• Pelosi, Nancy
• Pence, Mike
• Pentagon Digital Engagement Team
• Personal Democracy Media
• Personalization
• Persuasion Niche and Political Messaging
• Petraeus, David
• Pew Internet and American Life Project
• Phishing, Political
• Picasa
• Piccadilly Riots, London
• Pinterest
• Pioneers in Social Media and Politics
• Platform
• Podcasts
• Polarization, Political
• Polis, Jared
• Political Base
• Political Economy
• Political Information Opportunity Structures
• Political Parties
• Politico
• PolitiFact.com
• Polling
• Pornography, Revenge
• Portman, Rob
• Poverty
• Predictive Analytics
• Presidential Policy Directive 20
• Press Freedom and Online/Social Media Security
• Pretty Good Privacy
• Price, Tom
• Primacy Effect
• Privacy
• Pro-Choice and Pro-Life
• Professional Bloggers
• Project Vote Smart
• Proxy Measurements
• Psychographics
• Public Affairs Council
• Public Intellectual
• Push Polling
• Volume 3
• Q
• Quebec, Canada, 2012 Student Protests
• R
• Race/Ethnicity and Social Media
• Radical Decentralization
• Real-Time Communication Nodes
• Recency Effect
• Recombinant Media
• Redalert.com
• Reddit
• Remix, Political
• Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
• Reporters Without Borders
• Return on Investment
• Rich Media Ad
• RightOnline.com
• Robin Hood Foundation
• Rock the Vote
• RSS Feeds
• Rumors
• Russia
• Ryan, Paul
• S
• Sanders, Bernie
• Saturday Night Live
• Schools4All
• Schumer, Charles
• Search and Scrape Capability
• Search and Seizure Law and Policy
• Search Engine Bias/“Google Bias”
• Search Engine Data (Use in Social Media Campaigning)
• Search Engine Optimization
• Seattle 1999 WTO Protests
• Second Life
• Secondhand Political Engagement
• Selective Exposure
• Sentiment Analysis
• Sexting
• Shadow Site
• Shirky Principle, The
• Shot@Life Campaign
• Siri
• Skype
• Sleeper Effect
• Snopes.com
• Snowball Effect
• Social Authority
• Social Bookmarking
• Social Capital
• Social Computing and Social Information Processing
• Social Good Summit
• Social Issues Advocacy, Netroots Driven
• Social Issues and Augmented Reality
• Social Listening
• Social Media, Adoption of
• Social Media, Alternatives to Commercial
• Social Media, Definition and Classes of
• Social Media and Freedom of Information Act
• Social Media Career Wreckers
• Social Media Noise
• Social Media Optimization
• Social Media Political Gaming
• Social Media Research Foundation
• Social Media Sharing, P2P, BitTorrent
• Social Media Strategies and Tactics
• Social Media Week
• Social Network Analysis
• Social Networking Web Sites
• Social Security
• Social Worlds
• Sockpuppets
• Spanish 15M Movement
• Speak2Tweet
• Special Interest Campaigns
• Spending and Debt, Government
• Spiral of Silence
• Splogs
• Sponsored Listings
• Stanford Center for Internet and Society
• Streaming Media
• Streisand Effect
• Strong-Tie Social Connections Versus Weak-Tie Social Connections
• StumbleUpon
• Sunlight Foundation
• Superconnected
• SurveyMonkey
• Syria
• T
• Take the Pledge
• Taxes
• Tea Party Movement
• Technological Determinism
• Technological Relativism
• Technology Diffusion Paradigm
• Television and Social Media
• Television Personalities and Social Media in Politics
• Terrorism
• Third Palestinian Intifada
• 38Degrees.org.uk
• Thune, John
• Topology of Social Networks
• Tor
• Townhall.com
• Traffic Analysis
• Transparency
• Trending Topic
• Trendrr
• Truth Team
• Truthout
• Truthy Research Project
• Tumblr
• TuniLeaks.org
• Tunisia
• Tweet Insurance
• Twestival
• Twindex
• Twitter
• Twitter Archiving Project, Library of Congress
• Twitter Diplomacy
• TwitVid.com
• U
• Ubicomp
• Udall, Mark
• Underbloggers
• Unemployment
• United Nations Global Pulse Initiative and Big Data
• United States
• U.S. Pentagon Social Media in Strategic Communications Program
• USAID Impact Blog
• User-Generated Content
• Ushahidi
• V
• Value
• Video Privacy Protection Act
• Viral Marketing
• Viral Seed/Viral Lift
• Virtual Environment Technology, Immersive
• Virtual Private Networks
• Vitter, David
• Vlogging
• Vote Different
• VoteBuilder.com
• Voter Apathy
• Voter Demographics
• Voter Identification
• Voter Privacy
• Voter Turnout
• VoterVault.com
• Voting, Global Electronic
• W
• Warner, Mark
• Water.Org
• We the People
• Web Mapping and Online Politics
• Web Metrics
• Web 2.0
• Weibo
• Weiner, Anthony
• West, Allen
• West Wing Week
• WhoIs
• WikiLeaks
• WikiLeaks/Arab Spring
• Wikipedia Misuse
• Wikis and Collaborative Project Web Sites
• WikiScanner and Political Spin Doctoring
• World can't Wait
• World Internet Project
• World Press Freedom Index
• World Wide Web, History of the
• World without Oil
• Writers and Social Media in Politics
• Y
• Youth Engagement
• YouTube
• YouTube Politics Channel
• YouTube War
• Z
• Zuckerberg, Mark
• Glossary
• Resource Guide
• Appendix
• Photo Credits