Thoroughly revised and expanded, this is the definitive reference on American immigration from both historic and contemporary perspectives. It traces the scope and sweep of U.S. immigration from the earliest settlements to the present, providing a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to all aspects of this critically important subject.

Table of Contents

• Introduction: Immigrants, Immigration, and the American Identity
• A-Z Entries
• A
• Admission Laws: Pre-Restriction Era (1800s–1910s)
• Admission Laws: Restriction Era (1920s–Present)
• Adoption
• Africa, East
• Africa, Southern
• Africa, West
• African Americans
• Agriculture
• American Emigration Abroad
• American Revolution, Immigrants and the
• American West, Immigrants in the
• America's Image in the Global Imagination
• Amnesty
• Andean Countries
• Anti–Illegal Immigration Policies and Politics at the State and Local Levels (2001–Present)
• Anti-Immigrant Backlash (1965–2001)
• Anti-Immigrant Politics
• Anti-Muslim Xenophobia, Impact of 9/11
• Armenia
• Art and Architecture
• Asia, South and Central
• Asia, Southeast
• Assimilation, Segmented
• B
• Bilingual Education
• Brazil and the Southern Cone
• Buddhism
• C
• Canada
• Caribbean, English-Speaking
• Caribbean, French-Speaking
• Catholicism
• Causes, Processes, and Patterns (Overview)
• Census, U.S.
• Central America
• Chain Migration
• Chicago
• Children and Adolescents
• China
• Chinese and the Chinese Exclusion Act
• Civil Rights of Immigrants
• Civil War, Immigrants and the
• Collapse of Communism and Its Effects (1980s–1990s)
• Crime, Immigrant
• Cuba
• Culture and Assimilation: Hybrid Identities (1880s–1920)
• D
• Demographic and Statistical Trends
• Developing World Immigrants: Coming to America (1965–1990s)
• Developing World Immigrants: Life in America (1965–1990s)
• Dominican Republic
• E
• Early Nineteenth-Century Immigration
• Early Spanish Settlers
• Eastern Rite Christianity
• Economic Benefits and Costs of Immigration
• Economic Pull Factors
• Economic Push Factors
• Elderly
• English as a Second Language
• Entrepreneurship
• Espionage, Immigrants and
• Ethnic Intermarriage
• Europe, Eastern and Central
• Europe, Northern and Western
• Evangelical Christianity
• F
• Family
• Film and Broadcast Media
• First Red Scare
• Food
• Free Immigration (to 1800)
• G
• Gender
• Genealogy: Searching for Roots
• German-Speaking Political Refugees and Economic Migrants
• Germany
• Global Economy and Immigration
• Great Britain
• Great Irish Immigration (1840s–1850s)
• Greece
• H
• Health
• Health Care
• Higher Education and Science
• Hinduism and Sikhism
• History (Overview)
• Home-Country Economy, Impact on
• Homeland Connections
• Housing
• Houston
• Human Smuggling and the Business of Illegal Immigration
• Human Trafficking and Slavery
• I
• Illegal Immigrant Identification
• Illegal Immigrants and Amnesty Policy, Impact of 9/11
• Immigrant Aid Societies and Organizations
• Immigrant Politics: Activism
• Immigrant Politics: Electoral Politics
• Immigrant Politics: The Home Country
• Immigrant Status, Rights, and Privileges
• Immigrant–Minority Relations (1965–2001)
• Immigration Agencies and Enforcement: The INS and Its Predecessors
• Immigration Agencies and Government Organizations (2001–Present)
• Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
• Immigration Law and Enforcement, Impact of 9/11
• Immigration Legislation (2001–Present)
• Immigration Reform (1980s–1990s)
• Immigration Stations (1880s–1920)
• Income and Wealth
• Indentured Servants
• Industrial Labor (1880s–1920)
• Internal Migration to 1865
• International Law and Immigration
• International Perspectives (Overview)
• International Politics and Immigration
• Internet
• Internment of Japanese and Others During World War II
• Iran
• Ireland
• Islam
• Italy
• J
• Japan
• Judaism and Jews
• K
• Korea
• L
• Labor Markets
• Language
• Latino Immigration (1920–1965)
• Literature in English
• Living Conditions: The Urban Experience (1880s–1900)
• Local Governments and Immigration
• Los Angeles
• M
• Marriage and Spousal Immigration
• Media Portrayal
• Mental Health
• Mexico
• Miami
• Middle East and North Africa
• Music
• N
• Nations of Origin and U.S. Destinations (Overview)
• Native Americans
• Nativism and Know-Nothings (1800–1860)
• Nativist Reaction (1920–1965)
• Natural Disasters and Environmental Crises
• “New Immigration” (1880s–1920)
• New Orleans
• New York City
• O
• Oceania
• P
• Philippines
• Poland
• Political, Ethnic, Religious, and Gender-Related Persecution
• Popular Culture
• Poverty
• Press
• Professionals and the Brain Drain
• Protestantism, Mainline
• Public Opinion and Immigration
• Public Schools
• Puerto Rico
• Puritans and Other Colonial Religious Groups
• R
• Restrictive Legislation and Quotas (1920–1965)
• Return Migration
• Rural America
• S
• San Francisco
• Service Sector
• Settlement Patterns
• Slave Trade
• Social Services
• Society, Culture, and Politics (Overview)
• Southeast Asian Refugee Crisis (1975–1980)
• Sponsorship of U.S. Immigrants
• Sports
• State Governments and Immigration
• Statistical Overview, 1965–2000
• Statistical Overview, Since 2000
• Suburban America
• Sweatshops and Factories
• T
• Taiwan and Hong Kong
• Theater
• U
• Underground Economy
• Unions and Union Organizing
• U.S.–Mexican Border Control (2001–Present)
• W
• War Refugees (1920–1965)
• Wars and Civil Unrest
• Washington, D.C.
• Welfare and Public Benefits
• Primary Documents
• Revolutionary War Correspondence of George Washington (1775–1778)
• Letters from an American Farmer, J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur (1782)
• Article I, Sections 8 and 9, the U.S. Constitution (1787)
• An Act to Establish an Uniform Rule of Naturalization (1790)
• Look Before You Leap, Anonymous (1796)
• Alien Act (1798)
• History of the English Settlement in Edwards County, Illinois, George Flower (1817–1818)
• Plea for Change of Venue by James Brown, Petitioner in Case to Retrieve Runaway Indentured Servants (1819)
• Manifest of Immigrants Act (1819)
• Selections from Letters Written During a Tour through the United States, in the Autumn of 1819, Emanuel Howitt (1819)
• Imminent Dangers, Samuel Morse (1835)
• Stimulating Emigration from Ireland, Court Deposition by Michael Gaugan (1837)
• Four Years of Irish History, 1845–1849, Charles Gavan Duffy (1883)
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
• The United States of North America, with Particular Consideration Paid to German Emigration There, Gottfried Menzel (1853)
• Emigration, Emigrants, and Know-Nothings, Anonymous (1854)
• Irish Response to Nativism, Editorial, New York Citizen (1854)
• U.S. Senate Report on the Demand for Immigrant Labor (1864)
• Report of the Minnesota Board of Immigration (1871)
• Economic Value of an Immigrant, Special Report of the U.S. Congress (1871)
• Page Act (1875)
• Angell Treaty (1881)
• Report on German Emigration, Interview with a Government Official of Würtemburg (1881)
• Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
• Alien Contract Labor Law (Foran Act) (1885)
• Scott Act (1888)
• Act Banning Naturalization of Anarchists (1903)
• Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)
• White-Slave Traffic Act (Mann Act) (1910)
• Immigration Act (1917)
• Jones-Shafroth Act (1917)
• The Immigrant and the Community, Grace Abbott (1917)
• Quota Act (1921)
• United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind (1923)
• Quota Act (1924)
• Indian Citizenship Act (1924)
• Executive Order 9066, President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1942)
• Hirabayashi v. United States (1943)
• Repeal of Chinese Exclusion Acts (1943)
• Directive on European Refugees, President Harry S. Truman (1945)
• Agricultural Act of 1949
• Immigration and Nationality Act (McCarran-Walter Act) (1952)
• Whom We Shall Welcome, Report of the President's Commission on Immigration and Naturalization (1953)
• Immigration and Nationality Act (1965)
• Lau v. Nichols (1974)
• California Agricultural Labor Relations Act (1975)
• Refugee Act of 1980
• White House Statements on Marielito Refugees from Cuba (1980)
• Plyler v. Doe (1982)
• U.S.–Cuba Agreement on Marielito Refugees (1984)
• California Proposition 63 (1986)
• Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
• Statement on Signing Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, President Ronald Reagan (1986)
• Debate on Reparations for Japanese American Internees, U.S. Senate (1988)
• Immigration Act of 1990
• New York State Report on Multicultural Textbooks (1991)
• Executive Order and Press Release on U.S. Repatriation of Haitian Refugees, President George H.W. Bush (1992)
• District Court Ruling on Admission of Haitian Refugees (1993)
• Report to Congress, U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform (1994)
• California Proposition 187 (1994)
• Revised Guidelines on Asylum for Women, U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (1995)
• Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, Summary (1996)
• Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act, Summary (1996)
• Amerasian Children Act (1997)
• America's New Deficit: The Shortage of Information Technology Workers, U.S. Department of Commerce (1997)
• California Proposition 227 (1998)
• “Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis Among Foreign-Born Persons,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1998)
• “Renunciation of U.S. Citizenship,” U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (1998)
• Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (9/11 Commission) (2004)
• Secure Fence Act (2006)
• Illegal Immigration Relief Act Ordinance, City of Hazleton, Pennsylvania (2006)
• Hearing Before a Subcommittee of the U.S. House of Representatives on a Federal Immigration Raid in Postville, Iowa (2008)
• Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act (SB 1070) of Arizona (2010)
• Arizona et al. v. United States (2012)
• Implementation Guidelines for President Barack Obama's “DREAM Act” Executive Order (2012)
• Bipartisan Framework for Comprehensive Immigration Reform, U.S. Senate (2013)
• Immigration Planks of Democratic Party Platforms, 1856–2012
• Immigration Planks of Republican Party Platforms, 1860–2012
• Glossary
• Master Bibliography