Over the last two decades the application of free radicals in organic synthesis, materials science and life science has steadily increased, this Encyclopedia presents methodologies and mechanisms involving free radicals of chemical and biological research, including applications in materials science and medicine.

Table of Contents

• Preface
• List of Contributors
• Abbreviations and Acronymns
• 1 The History of Free Radical Chemistry Thomas T. Tidwell
• 2 Overview of Radical Initiation Jacques Lalevée; Jean Pierre Fouassier
• 3 Basic Concepts on Radical Chain Reactions Michael S. Sherburn
• 4 Thermochemistry and Hydrogen Transfer Kinetics Andreas A. Zavitsas
• 5 Radical Kinetics and Clocks Martin Newcomb
• 6 Radical Rearrangements: Ester-Substituted Radicals and Hydrogen Atom Migrations Kaname Sasaki; Ian Cumpstey; David Crich
• 7 Analysis of Radicals by EPR John C. Walton
• 8 Structures and Reactivity of Radicals Followed by Magnetic Resonance Alexandra Yurkovskaya; Olga Morozova; Georg Gescheidt
• 9 Matrix Isolation of Radicals Artur Mardyukov; Wolfram Sander
• 10 Supramolecular Radical Chemistry Marco Lucarini
• 11 Redox Properties of Radicals David C. Magri; Mark S. Workentin
• 12 Photo Induced Radical Reactions Julia Pérez-Prieto; Miguel A. Miranda
• 13 Radical Cation/Anion and Neutral Radicals: A Comparison Amber N. Hancock; J. M. Tanko
• 14 The SRN1 Reaction Javier I. Bardagí; Victoria A. Vaillard; Roberto A. Rossi
• 15 Photoinduced Reactions of Radical Ions via Charge Separation Shunichi Fukuzumi; Kei Ohkubo
• 16 Radiation-Induced Radical Reactions Krzysztof Bobrowski
• 17 Free Radical Chemistry in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids Ilya A. Shkrob; James F. Wishart
• 18 Radical Stability—Thermochemical Aspects Johnny Hioe; Hendrik Zipse
• 19 Radical Chemistry in the Gas Phase Christian Alcaraz; Ingo Fischer; Detlef Schröder
• 20 Atmospheric Radical Chemistry Paul H. Wine; J. Michael Nicovich
• 21 Tin Hydrides and Functional Group Transformations Hannelore Jasch; Markus R. Heinrich
• 22 Silanes as Reducing Reagents in Radical Chemistry Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu; Vitaliy I. Timokhin
• 23 Boron in Radical Chemistry Philippe Renaud
• 24 Intramolecular Homolytic Substitutions in Synthesis Sara H. Kyne; Carl H. Schiesser
• 25 Stereoselective Radical Reactions Yong-Hua Yang; Mukund P. Sibi
• 26 Unusual Cyclizations Kerry Gilmore; Igor V. Alabugin
• 27 Radical Cascade Reactions Alexandre Baralle; Abdulkader Baroudi; Marion Daniel; Louis Fensterbank; Jean-Philippe Goddard; Emmanuel Lacôte; Marie-Hélène Larraufie; Giovanni Maestri; Max Malacria; Cyril Ollivier
• 28 Main-Group Elements in Radical Chemistry Alexandre Baralle; Abdulkader Baroudi; Marion Daniel; Louis Fensterbank; Jean-Philippe Goddard; Emmanuel Lacôte; Marie-Hélène Larraufie; Giovanni Maestri; Max Malacria; Cyril Ollivier
• 29 Organic Electron Donors John A. Murphy
• 30 Organic Synthesis Using Samarium Diiodide Susannah C. Coote; Robert A. Flowers II; Troels Skrydstrup; David J. Procter
• 31 Manganese(III) Acetate, CAN, and Fe(III) Salts in Oxidative Radical Chemistry Jonathan W. Burton
• 32 Halogen and Chalcogen Transfer Chemistry Chaozhong Li
• 33 Xanthates and Related Derivatives as Radical Precursors Samir Z. Zard
• 34 Epoxides in Titanocene-Mediated and -Catalyzed Radical Reactions Andreas Gansäuer; André Fleckhaus
• 35 Transition Metals and Radicals Hideki Yorimitsu
• 36 Unusual Radical Acceptors Piero Spagnolo; Daniele Nanni
• 37 Radical Arylations Santiago E. Vaillard; Armido Studer
• 38 Nitroxides in Synthetic Radical Chemistry Chittreeya Tansakul; Rebecca Braslau
• 39 Radicals and Carbohydrates Inés Pérez-Martín; Ernesto Suárez
• 40 Electrochemically Initiated Radical Reactions Martin A. Bohn; Anna Paul; Gerhard Hilt
• 41 Synthetic Radical Photochemistry Emmanuel Riguet; Norbert Hoffmann
• 42 Radical Chemistry by Using Flow Microreactor Technology Takahide Fukuyama; Ilhyong Ryu
• 43 Biological Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species Christine C. Winterbourn
• 44 Reactions of Small Reactive Species with DNA Nicholas E. Geacintov; Vladimir Shafirovich
• 45 Oxidatively Generated Nucleobase Modifications in Isolated and Cellular DNA Jean Cadet; Thierry Douki; Didier Gasparutto; Jean-Luc Ravanat; J. Richard Wagner
• 46 Oxidatively Formed Sugar Radicals in Nucleic Acids Thanasis Gimisis; Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
• 47 Understanding DNA Radicals Employing Theory and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Amitava Adhikary; Anil Kumar; David Becker; Michael D. Sevilla
• 48 Charge Transfer in DNA Mamoru Fujitsuka; Tetsuro Majima
• 49 Oxidative Damage to Proteins Michael J. Davies
• 50 Radical-Based Damage of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acid Residues Christian Schöneich
• 51 Electron Transfer in Peptides and Proteins Bernd Giese; Sonja Eckhardt; Miriam Lauz
• 52 Radical Enzymes Wolfgang Buckel; Bernard T. Golding
• 53 Theoretical Studies of Radical Enzymes Gregory M. Sandala; David M. Smith; Leo Radom
• 54 Lipid Peroxidation Etsuo Niki
• 55 Lipid Isomerization Carla Ferreri; Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
• 56 Antioxidants in Chemistry and Biology Luca Valgimigli; Derek A. Pratt
• 57 Free Radicals and Metabolic Disorders Guy Cohen; Yael Riahi; Shlomo Sasson
• 58 Radical Polymerization in Industry Peter Nesvadba
• 59 Kinetics of Polymerizations Michael Buback; Gregory T. Russell
• 60 Fundamentals of Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
• 61 Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization and its Applications Didier Gigmes; Sylvain R. A. Marque
• 62 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) and Addition (ATRA) and Applications Tomislav Pintauer; Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
• 63 Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization: Mechanism, Process and Applications Christopher Barner-Kowollik; James P. Blinco; Mathias Destarac; Kristofer J. Thurecht; Sébastien Perrier
• 64 Sb, Bi, Te, and I-Transfer Polymerization and Applications Shigeru Yamago; Eiichi Kayahara
• 65 Spin Labels and Spin Probes David Bardelang; Micaël Hardy; Olivier Ouari; Paul Tordo
• 66 Radical Thiol–X Click Chemistry Niels ten Brummelhuis; Helmut Schlaad
• 67 Conducting Polymers: Applications in Electronics and Photovoltaics Huanli Dong; Wenping Hu
• 68 Silicon Radical Surface Chemistry Bart Rijksen; Mabel A. Caipa Campos; Jos M. J. Paulusse; Han Zuilhof
• 69 Persistent and Stable Silyl Radicals Boris Tumanskii; Miriam Karni; Yitzhak Apeloig
• 70 Physical Properties of Thiazyl Radicals Toward Conductive and Magnetic Materials Kunio Awaga
• 71 Polyradicals in Batteries Kenichi Oyaizu; Hiroyuki Nishide
• 72 Radical Chemistry on Fullerenes Manolis D. Tzirakis; Michael Orfanopoulos
• 73 A Paradigm for the Radical-Mediated Photochemical Synthesis of Metal Nanostructures Juan C. Scaiano; Kevin G. Stamplecoskie; Katherine L. McGilvray; Natalia L. Pacioni