Entries explore the theory, research, and application of psychology as it relates to sport and fitness in a manner that is accessible and jargon-free to help readers better understand human behavior in sport and exercise settings.

Table of Contents

• Editorial Board
• List of Entries
• Reader's Guide
• About the Editors
• Contributors
• Introduction
• A
• Achievement Goal Theory
• Achievement Motive Theory
• Adaptation
• Adapted Physical Education
• Addiction, Effects of Exercise on
• Adherence
• Affect
• Affective Disorders
• Affective Responses to Exercise
• Affirmations
• Aggression
• Alcohol Abuse
• Anticipation
• Antisocial/Prosocial Behavior
• Assimilation
• Athlete Leadership
• Attachment Theory and Coaching
• Attention Theory
• Attention Training
• Attentional Association and Dissociation
• Attentional Focus
• Attention–Performance Relationships
• Attribution Theory
• Audience Effect
• Automaticity
• Automaticity: Evaluative Priming
• Automaticity: Implicit Attitudes
• Autonomic Nervous System
• Autonomy-Supportive Coaching
• B
• Basic Emotions in Sport
• Biofeedback, Neurofeedback
• Biopsychosocial Model of Injury
• Body Awareness
• Body Dissatisfaction
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Muscle Dysmorphia
• Body Image
• Body Self-Esteem
• Brain
• Brain Imaging
• Breathing Exercises
• Burnout
• C
• CALO-RE Taxonomy of Behavior Change Techniques
• Cardiac Function
• Career Assistance Programs
• Career Paths
• Career Transitions
• Caring Climate
• Centering
• Certifications
• Character Development
• Cheating
• Choking
• Chunking/Dechunking
• Coach–Athlete Relations
• Coaching Efficacy
• Cognitive Capabilities
• Cognitive Function
• Cognitive Restructuring
• Cognitive Styles
• Cognitive Task Analysis
• Cohesion
• Collective Efficacy
• Collectivism/Individualism
• Commitment
• Competence Motivation Theory
• Competition
• Concentration
• Concentration Skills
• Conflict
• Conformity
• Consultant Effectiveness, Assessment of
• Consulting
• Control Theory
• Coordination
• Coping
• Credentials
• Cue Utilization
• Cultural Competence
• Cultural Safety
• D
• Decision Making
• Decision-Making Styles in Coaching
• Developmental Considerations
• Developmental Histories
• Diet Drugs
• Disability
• Disability and Exercise
• Disability and Sport
• Disability Coaching
• Distraction Theory
• Diversity
• Drop-Out
• Drug Use and Control
• Dual-Process Theory
• Dual-Task Paradigm
• Dynamical Systems
• E
• Eating Disorders
• Ecological Theory
• Effort
• Electroencephalograph (EEG)
• Electromyography (EMG)
• Emotional Reactivity
• Emotional Responses
• Emotional Schemas
• Energizing (Activation) Strategies
• Energy, Effects of Exercise on
• Enjoyment
• Enjoyment, as Mediator of Exercise Behavior Change
• Errors
• Especial Skills
• Ethics
• Ethnicity
• Exercise Dependence
• Expectancy-Value Theory
• Expertise
• Extraversion–Introversion
• Eye Movements/Gaze
• F
• Fair Play
• Fatigue
• Feedback
• Female Athlete Triad
• Feminism
• Flow
• Freezing
• Friendships/Peer Relations
• Functional Variability
• G
• Gaze
• Gender
• Generalized Motor Program
• Genetics/Nature–Nurture Determinants
• Goal Setting
• Group Characteristics
• Group Formation
• H
• Habit
• Health Action Process Approach
• Health Belief Model
• Health Promotion
• Hedonic Theory
• Heterosexism, Homonegativism, and Transprejudice
• Hierarchical Self
• History of Exercise Psychology
• History of Sport Psychology
• Home Advantage
• Human Factors
• Humor
• Hypnosis
• I
• Iceberg Profile
• Identity
• Imagery
• Implicit/Self-Theories of Ability
• Impression Management
• Individual Response Stereotype
• Information Processing
• Injury, Psychological Susceptibility to
• Injury, Return to Competition Following
• Interdependence Theory and the Coach–Athlete Relationship
• Interference
• Interventions for Exercise and Physical Activity
• Intrinsic/Extrinsic Motivation, Hierarchical Model of
• K
• Knowledge Structure
• Köhler Effect
• L
• Laws of Movement Learning and Control
• Leadership in Sport: Multidimensional Model
• Leadership in Sport: Situational and Contingency Approaches
• Leadership in Sport: Social Cognitive Approaches
• Leadership in Sport: Trait Perspectives
• Leadership in Sport: Transactional and Transformational
• Learning
• Limbic System
• M
• Mastery and Control Beliefs
• Memory
• Mental Blocks
• Mental Health
• Mental Rehearsal
• Mental Toughness
• Mentoring
• Mindfulness
• Mirror Neurons
• Modeling
• Models of Emotion–Performance
• Moral Atmosphere
• Moral Behavior
• Moral Development
• Moral Disengagement
• Moral Judgment
• Moral Reasoning
• Moral Values and Attitudes
• Motor Commands
• Motor Control
• Motor Development
• Motor Learning
• Movement
• Multiculturalism
• Multimodal Mental Training
• Multiple Behavior Change
• Music-Based Interventions
• N
• Narcotic Analgesics
• Neurologic Disorders
• Neuroscience, Exercise, and Cognitive Function
• Norms
• O
• Obesity
• Optimism
• Overtraining Syndrome
• P
• Parenting
• Participation Motives
• Passion
• Pattern Recognition and Recall
• Perception
• Perfectionism
• Performance-Enhancing Drugs
• Personality and Psychological Characteristics of Athletes
• Personality Tests
• Personality Traits and Exercise
• Pleasure
• Positive Thinking
• Possible Selves
• Practice
• Preperformance Routines
• Priming
• Probabilities
• Protection Motivation Theory
• Psychological Consequences of Sport Injury
• Psychological Skills
• Psychological Skills Training
• Psychological Well-Being
• Psychopharmacology
• Psychophysiology
• Pupillometry
• Q
• Quality of Life
• R
• Race
• Racism/Whiteness
• Recognition and Recall Paradigms
• Recreational Drugs
• Reinforcement and Punishment
• Relational Efficacy Beliefs in Coach–Athlete Relations
• Relaxation
• Resilience
• Resistance Training
• Response
• Rest
• Retention
• Roles
• Runner's High
• S
• Satisfaction
• Sedentary Behavior
• Self-Acceptance
• Self-Appraisal/Assessment/Perception
• Self-Awareness
• Self-Awareness Theory
• Self-Categorization Theory
• Self-Compassion
• Self-Conscious Emotions
• Self-Construal
• Self-Criticism
• Self-Determination Theory
• Self-Discrepancy
• Self-Doubt
• Self-Efficacy
• Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
• Self-Handicapping
• Self-Monitoring
• Self-Objectification
• Self-Presentation
• Self-Regulation
• Self-Schema
• Self-Talk
• Sensorimotor Representations
• Sensory Systems: Auditory, Tactile, Proprioceptive
• Services
• Sex Differences
• Shared Mental Models
• Simulation Training
• Situational Awareness
• Skill Acquisition
• Sleep and Exercise
• Social Cognitive Theory
• Social Comparative Emotions
• Social Comparison
• Social Facilitation
• Social Identity Theory
• Social Loafing
• Social Marketing and Message Framing
• Social Neuroscience
• Social Physique Anxiety
• Social Processing Effects
• Sport Psychiatry
• Sportspersonship
• Status
• Stereotype Threat
• Stereotyping, Cultural/Ethnic/Racial
• Strength Model of Self-Control
• Stress Management
• Stress Reactivity
• Supervision
• Support Group
• T
• Talent Development
• Task Constraints
• Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model
• Team Attributions
• Team Building
• Team Communication
• Theory of Planned Behavior
• Thought Stopping
• Timing
• Training, Professional
• Trait Perspectives
• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
• Transfer
• Transformational and Transactional Leadership
• Transformational Parenting
• Transition
• Transtheoretical Model
• Type A/B Personality
• U
• Underrecovery Syndrome
• V
• Verbal Protocols
• Vision
• Y
• Yips
• Youth Sport, Participation Trends in
• Timeline: History of Sport and Exercise Psychology