The Dictionary compiles and defines a comprehensive glossary of terms used in the event-specific literature. Whilst there are numerous short entries and basic definitions, the emphasis has been placed on terms with high relevance to planned events, and in particular to theories, concepts and models specific to event studies. Multiple usages, including quotations are provided, where relevant, to cover the breadth of meanings and applications of the terms.

Table of Contents

• Introduction and Guide for Users
• Preface
• The Editors
• Acknowledgements
• A
• aboriginal studies
• absolute risk
• absorption (or absorptive capacity)
• acceptance of risk
• access control
• accessibility
• accommodation
• accompanying visitors
• accountability
• accounting
• accreditation
• acoustics
• act of God (or force majeure)
• action plan
• action research
• actionable research
• actions
• activation (marketing)
• active learning
• active listening
• active sport tourist
• active stakeholders
• active systems
• activists
• activities and spending
• activity
• actor(s) in a network
• actors in social worlds
• ad hoc
• Adam’s Equity Theory
• adaptability
• adaptation
• adaptive leadership
• adaptive project management
• adaptive systems
• additionality
• additive impacts
• administration
• administrative accountability
• admission controls
• advanced life support
• advantage
• advertising equivalence value (AEV)
• advisory board
• advocacy
• aesthetic value
• aestheticization
• aesthetics
• affective dimension of experience
• affective engagement
• affective quality of places
• aficionado
• age dependence
• ageist
• agency
• agency theory
• agent
• agent of change
• agglomeration
• aggression
• aggressive or hostile crowd
• agile (or iterative) planning and project management
• AIDA
• aims
• Alcohol Beverage Commission (ABC)
• alcohol management
• alcohol server training
• Alderfer’s ERG Theory
• alienation
• allegiance
• allies and collaborators
• allocation of dividends or other value
• alternative energy sources
• alternative tourism
• alternatives
• altruism
• ambience
• ambient conditions
• ambition
• ambush marketing
• amenities
• Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
• amperage
• analogous estimating
• analysis / analytic methods
• anchored events
• anchored polysemy in event portfolios
• animation
• Ansoff’s product-market matrix
• antecedents
• anthropological exchange theory
• anthropology
• anticipation
• anti-globalisation
• anti-social behaviour
• anti-trust
• anxiety
• APEX Event Specifications Guide
• appreciative inquiry
• appreciative sharing of knowledge
• appropriate response
• apps
• arena
• arrival
• arrival/departure modes
• art festival
• artifact
• artificial intelligence (AI)
• artistic director
• artistic integrity
• artistic quality
• arts and entertainment
• arts
• assembly
• assertiveness
• assessment
• assessment matrix
• asset
• asset based community development
• asset value
• assigned seating
• assimilation
• assistance to events
• association, professional
• association convention
• association(al) value
• assumptions
• assurance
• asynchronous and synchronous learning
• athletes
• atmospherics
• attachment
• attacks
• attendance
• attendee
• attendee management system
• attention
• attitude
• attraction
• attraction stage
• attractions
• attractiveness
• attributes
• attribution problem
• attribution theory
• attrition
• attrition penalty
• attrition rate
• audience
• audience centricity
• audience development
• audience response systems
• audio-visual (AV)
• audit
• auditorium
• augmentation
• augmented reality
• authentic leadership
• authenticity
• authority
• authorized transgression
• autocratic leadership
• autoethnography
• automated external defibrillator (AED)
• autotelism
• aversion
• aversion effects (or aversion markets)
• averted behaviour method
• avoidance of risk
• awareness set
• axiology
• B
• bacchanal
• BACE model (benefits and costs evaluation)
• back of house or back stage
• back stage
• backward linkages
• balance
• balance of payments
• balanced scorecard
• bank maze
• banquet
• bargaining power
• barriers to entry
• baseline
• baseline plans
• basic first aid
• basic life support
• batch mode
• Bayesian analysis
• behaviour
• behaviour change
• behaviour setting
• behaviourally anchored rating scales
• belonging(ness)
• benchmarks
• benchmarking
• benefit
• benefit (type of event)
• benefit realisation management
• benefits and costs evaluation
• benefits sought / benefit segmentation
• bequest
• bequest value
• bias
• bidding
• biennale
• big data
• black box
• black swan event
• blended strategy matrix for stakeholder management
• blockbuster
• blockbuster exhibition
• blog (weblog)
• blueprinting
• board of directors
• bookkeeping
• BOSCARD
• Boston Consulting Group (Matrix)
• bottom-up estimating or analysis
• bottom-up planning
• bounce-back coupon
• boundary object
• brainstorming
• brand
• brand alliance
• brand associations
• brand equity
• brand messages
• brand personality and image
• brand values
• branding
• branding and co-branding for destinations
• breakeven point and analysis
• bridging
• broadcasting
• budget(ing)
• built environment
• built environment value
• bundling
• business
• business architecture
• business events
• business case
• business leveraging
• business model
• business model canvas (or template)
• business plan(ning)
• business proposal
• business tourism
• business value
• C
• calculators
• call sign
• capacity
• capacity building
• capacity constraints
• capacity to absorb events/tourism
• capacity to host events
• capacity to threaten
• capital
• capital of culture
• capitalism
• captive sample
• carbon calculator
• carbon neutral
• carbon offsetting
• cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
• career
• carnival
• carnivalesque
• Carroll’s Model
• carrying capacity
• cascade effect or cascading impacts
• cascading action plan
• case study
• cash accounting
• cash flow
• casual fans
• casual tourists
• casualty
• catalyst
• catering
• causal chain or path
• causal factors
• causal forces or stressors
• causal models
• causality
• cause/effect analysis
• cause-related event
• cause-related marketing
• CBA
• celebrate; celebration
• celebrity
• centrality
• CEO (chief executive officer)
• ceremony / ceremonial
• certificate of insurance
• certification
• CGE models
• challenge(ing) events
• champion
• championship
• change
• change management
• change order
• chaos
• chaos theory
• charisma
• charismatic leadership
• charity
• charity events
• charrette
• chart of accounts
• checklist
• checkpoint
• chemical weapon
• chief knowledge officers
• choice experiment
• chronological
• CIPP model (context, input, process and product)
• circuit events
• circus
• city, cities and events
• civic
• civic pride
• civil society
• Clarkson Principles
• classic(al)
• clearance
• client
• client brief
• climate change and global warming
• clinic
• clinical
• closed circuit TV (CCTV)
• close-out/down
• closely related fields of study
• cluster(ing)
• co-branding
• co-creation
• cognition
• cognitive dimension of experience
• cognitive dimension of social capital
• cognitive dissonance
• cognitive engagement
• cognitive legitimacy
• cognitive mapping
• cognitive psychology
• cold and hot spots
• collaboration
• collective consciousness
• collective leadership
• collective memory
• colloquium
• colour theory
• comfort
• comfort zone
• comic con
• commemoration
• commercial sponsor
• commitment
• committee
• commodification
• common law
• communal identity
• communication
• communication block
• communication channel
• communication mix
• communication plan
• communication plot
• communication studies
• communitas
• community
• community (and city) impacts
• community capacity
• community cultural development
• community development
• community (based) festivals and events
• community-based (planning)
• community of practice
• community oriented portfolio strategies
• community value
• comparisons
• comparative advantages
• comparative performance
• comparative studies
• compensation
• compere
• competence
• competency-based management
• competency school of leadership
• competitive(ness)
• competitive advantages
• competitive identity
• competitive sport/recreation events
• competing values
• competitor
• complementary role of events
• complex
• complex adaptive systems (CAS)
• complexity and crowd management
• complexity model
• complexity theory
• compliance instruments
• composing event portfolios
• comprehensive impact assessment
• Computable General Equilibrium models
• conative dimension of experience
• concentration or clustering
• concept
• concept map
• concepting
• conceptual connectivity
• conceptual framework or model
• concessionaire
• conclave
• conference
• conference centre
• confirmation bias
• configuration management system
• conflict
• conflict of interest
• conflict resolution
• conflict studies (or peace and conflict)
• congress
• conjoint analysis
• connectedness in event portfolios
• connoisseur
• conscientious(ness)
• conscious(ness)
• consensus
• consensus building
• consequences
• conservation
• consistency
• conspicuous consumption
• constituency
• constraint
• constraint(s) to leisure participation
• constraint analysis
• constraining forces
• construct
• constructivist(ism)
• consultation
• consumables
• consumer
• consumer behaviour theories
• consumer constellation
• consumer culture theory
• consumer decision-making process
• consumer orientation
• consumer (gate) show
• consumer surplus
• consumer value
• consumption of experiences
• contagion
• contamination
• content analysis
• content theories of motivation
• contest
• contested events
• contested space
• contextual interviews
• contingency
• contingency plan(ning)
• contingency theory
• contingent valuation
• continuous improvement
• contract
• contract rider
• contract theory
• contract management
• contractual security
• controls
• convenience sampling
• convention
• convention and exhibition centre
• convention and visitor bureau (CVB)
• convergence of form and function
• convergence theory of crowd behaviour
• conversion rate
• co-operative
• coordination
• co-producers
• core attraction
• core audience
• core phenomenon of event studies
• core values
• corporate events
• corporate social responsibility (CSR)
• corrective, security
• corruption
• cosmopolitan
• cost-benefit analysis
• costs and benefits evaluation
• cost breakdown structure
• cost centre
• cost-effectiveness analysis
• cost leadership
• cost-plus contract
• cost-plus pricing
• counter flow
• countries as hosts
• country of origin
• crash(ing)
• craze marketing
• creating events as a portfolio strategy
• creative/creativity
• creative cities
• creative problem solving
• creative spaces
• credence factors
• credentials
• credentialing system
• credible
• credibility gap
• crisis
• critical
• critical discourse analysis
• critical-emancipatory paradigm
• critical event studies
• critical incidents
• critical incident report
• critical mass
• critical path analysis (CPA)
• critical or crucial tasks
• critical theory
• critical success factors (CSFs)
• criticality analysis
• cross-case analysis
• cross-cultural
• cross-disciplinary
• cross flow
• cross leverage
• cross promotion
• cross tabulation
• crowd
• crowd behaviour theory
• crowd collapse
• crowd control
• crowd craze
• crowd crush
• crowd density
• crowd flow
• crowd management
• crowd mood
• crowd panic
• crowd surge
• crowding
• cryptographic controls
• cuisine
• culinary
• culture
• culture capital
• culture-led development / regeneration
• cultural adaptation
• cultural appropriation
• cultural capital
• cultural celebrations
• cultural engagement
• cultural identity
• cultural impacts
• cultural impact assessment
• cultural industries
• cultural institutions
• cultural intelligence / cultural quotient
• cultural intermediaries
• cultural policy
• cultural studies
• cultural tourism
• cultural value
• cumulative impacts
• cumulative impact assessment
• customer
• customer focus/ orientation
• customer relations management
• customization
• Cynefin Framework
• D
• dangerous stakeholders
• data
• data collection
• day trip
• DDDR (Deterrence, Detection, Delay, Response, Restore)
• deadline
• debate
• de-brief(ing)
• debt
• decibel (dBA)
• decision
• decision factors
• decision making
• decision point
• decision support
• decision tree
• décor / decoration
• dedicated event tourists
• deep ecology
• definitive stakeholders
• deindividuation
• delay
• delegate
• delegate boosting
• delegation
• deliverable
• Delphi method
• demand
• demand side
• demanding stakeholder
• democratic leadership
• demographic segmentation
• demography / demographics
• demonstration
• demonstration effect
• density (crowd)
• density dependence
• dependency theory
• dependent stakeholders
• descriptive data or research
• descriptive / empirical
• design
• design breakdown structure
• design(ed) capacity
• design thinking
• designated driver program
• desktop models and simulations
• destination (or tourist destination)
• destination capitals
• destination event
• destination image
• destination life-cycle model
• destination management company
• destination management or marketing organization (DMO)
• destination statement
• detection
• detective, security
• deterrence
• development
• developmental evaluation
• deviation from standards or specifications
• diagnostic(s)
• dialectical expressivity
• dialectics
• diaspora
• diasporic events
• differentiation
• diffusion of innovation theory
• digital economy
• DIM-ICE
• direct economic contribution (DEC)
• direct economic impacts
• direct or primary impacts
• direct marketing
• directionality in event portfolios
• disability
• disaster
• disaster preparedness & planning
• disciplinary
• discipline
• discrepancy identification and correction
• discretionary
• discretionary stakeholders
• Disney queues
• Disneyfication
• displacement or’crowding out’
• dissatisfaction
• distance decay
• distributed knowledge
• distribution channels
• distribution of costs and benefits, spatial
• distributional effects
• divergence
• diversion effects
• diversification
• diversity
• diverted expenditure
• domain
• domestic tourism
• dominant stakeholders
• dormant stakeholders
• downstream stakeholders
• dram shop laws
• dramaturgy (of events)
• drawing power
• drill
• driving forces
• due diligence
• dump mode
• duration
• duration compression
• duty of care
• dynamic
• dynamic crowd management and measurement
• dynamic lockdown
• dysfunctional
• E
• early bird
• earned value analysis
• ecological footprint
• ecological impact assessment (EIA)
• ecological processes
• ecological value
• ecology
• E-commerce
• economics
• economic contribution
• economic costs and benefits
• economic efficiency
• economic exchange theory
• economic impact / analysis /assessment
• economic value
• ecosystem
• ecotourism
• ecotourism event
• educational and scientific events
• edutainment
• effective, appropriate and proportionate principles
• effectiveness
• efficiency
• EKB model
• elasticity
• electrodermal activity (EDA)
• elements of style
• elite(s)
• emancipatory
• embeddedness
• embeddedness (social)
• EMBOK (Event Management Body of Knowledge)
• emergency
• emergency action plan (EAP)
• emergency management
• emergency medical technician (EMT)
• emergency responders
• emergency response plan
• emergent behaviour
• emergent norm theory
• emergent strategy
• emotions
• emotional considerations
• emotional intelligence (or emotional quotient, EQ)
• emotional labour (emotion work)
• emotion regulation
• empathy
• empiricism
• employment creation
• employment multiplier
• empowerment
• empowerment evaluation
• emulation
• enabling
• enclave
• encryption
• engage(ment)
• enterprise risk management
• entertainment
• entity approach to leadership
• entourage (in events)
• entrepreneurship
• environment
• environmental analysis or scan(ning)
• environmental impact assessment
• environmental preferences
• environmental psychology
• enviropreneurial marketing
• ephemeral content
• epistemology
• equilibrium
• equitable
• equity
• equity theory of motivation
• ERG theory
• ergonomics
• escape (escapism)
• E-sport events
• estimation
• ethical leadership
• ethics
• ethnic / ethnicity
• ethnocentrism
• ethnography
• ethnographic research/evaluation
• evacuation plan
• evaluation
• evaluation complexity model
• evaluation context
• evaluation paradigms
• evaluative / evaluation research
• event
• eventalisation
• Event Compass
• event concept
• event design
• event design ladder
• event ecosystem
• event experience
• event hosting policy
• event idea
• event integrity
• event management
• event marketing
• event network
• event-network embeddedness
• event organizer
• event performing organization
• event places
• event portfolio design characteristics
• event product
• event project life cycle
• event settings spectrum
• event spend
• event studies
• event tourism
• event travel career trajectory
• eventful city / eventfulness
• eventimpacts.com
• eventology
• evidence
• evidence-based decision making
• evolutionary economic geography
• exchange theory
• excursion
• exemption
• exhibition
• exhibitor
• existence value
• existential
• existentialism
• expectancy theory
• expectation disconfirmation theory
• expenditure
• experience
• experience economy
• experience evaluation
• experience or human experience mapping
• experience scale
• experiencescape
• experiential learning
• experiential marketing
• experiment
• experimentalism
• expert
• expert judging
• expert opinion
• expertise
• explicit
• explicit knowledge
• exploitation
• exploratory research
• export/export-ready
• exposure
• external evaluation
• external stakeholder
• externality
• extrapolation
• extrinsic motivation
• extrinsic value
• F
• facilitation
• facilitators
• facility management
• factor analysis
• failure
• fairs
• fallback plan or position
• family
• family events/festivals
• family value/outcomes
• fans and fanatics
• fantasy
• fantrepreneurs
• fan zone
• fast-track(ing)
• fault tree analysis
• feasibility study
• feast
• feedback / feedback loop
• feelings
• feminism
• feminization
• festival
• festivalisation
• festival seating
• festivity
• fiduciary
• field experiment
• field work
• film festival
• financial accounts
• financial evaluation
• financial portfolio theory
• financial resources
• financial value
• fire retardant
• fire suppression system
• first aider
• fiscal
• fishbone diagram
• FIST
• fit for use
• five forces model
• five gaps model
• five senses
• fixed costs
• flash mobs
• flexibility
• floor plan
• flow
• flow capacity
• flowchart
• focal point
• focal celebration
• focal organization
• focus group
• focus strategy
• folklore
• followers
• food
• foodie
• food-borne illness
• food, wine and other beverage events
• footloose events
• footprint analysis
• forces-pressure-state-impact-response model (FPSIR)
• forecast(ing)
• foreign exchange
• formal(ity)
• formality in event portfolios
• formative evaluation
• forms and functions of events
• forum
• fossil fuels
• frame analysis
• frame building
• framing device
• framing theory
• franchise agreement
• free
• free market
• free riders
• Freeman’s strategies for stakeholder management
• frequency
• fringe festivals
• front of house (FOH)
• functions
• functional organizational structure
• functional roles of events in portfolios
• funders
• future scenario
• future studies
• G
• gala
• game(s)
• gamification
• ganging chairs
• gap analysis
• gastronomy / gastronomic event
• gaze (tourist)
• gender
• gender representation (at festivals)
• general admission seating
• general environment
• generations
• generic
• generic benefits
• generic event motivations
• generic event settings
• geographic segmentation
• geographical information system (GIS)
• geography
• gerontology
• gigantism
• global events / party
• globalization
• glocal(isation)
• go/no go decision
• goals/aims
• goals or objectives evaluation
• goal-free evaluation
• goodwill
• governance
• governance lifecyle
• grants and subsidies
• green building strategic model
• green economics
• green economy
• green room
• greening, or going green
• greenhouse gases
• greenwashing
• ground transportation
• grounded theory
• group identity
• group knowledge
• group mind
• group travel
• groupthink
• growth
• guaranteed and safe
• guerrilla gigs
• guerrilla marketing
• guest
• guests and hosts
• guidelines
• H
• habitus
• Hajj
• hallmark
• hallmark events
• haptic(s)
• happiness
• Hawkins Stern impulse buying theory
• hazard or threat
• Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point
• hazard mapping
• hazardous/toxic waste
• HAZOP
• health
• health studies
• healthy portfolio or population of events
• Heimlich maneuver
• Heinrich’s Accident Pyramid and Ratio
• Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
• hedonic
• hedonic pricing
• hedonism
• heritage
• heritage commemoration
• heritage conservation
• heritage events
• heritage value
• Herzberg’s two factor theory
• heterogeneity
• heuristics
• hiatus
• hierarchical accountability
• high concept
• high culture
• high touch
• hill climbing
• history
• historiography
• hobbyist
• holiday
• holism
• homecoming events
• homeostasis
• hospitality
• host community
• host-guest relations / interaction
• hot and cold spots
• house (back and front)
• household
• house rules
• house seats
• housing bureau
• human capital
• human experience mapping
• human resources
• human resource (HR) management
• human rights
• HVAC system
• hybrid events
• hygiene factors
• hyper reality
• I
• iconic
• iconic event
• idea generation / ideation
• identity
• identity theory
• ideology
• image
• imagination
• imagineering
• imaging
• immersion
• impacts
• impact assessment
• impact chain or path
• impact variables
• impacted
• impermanent
• implementation (stage)
• implicit
• implicit knowledge
• imports
• import substitution
• importance-performance (IP)
• improvement/continuous improvement
• impulse buying
• incentive
• incentive contract
• incentive tour(ism)
• incident
• incident report
• incidental
• inclusion / inclusiveness
• income elasticity
• income multiplier
• incommensurability
• incremental(ism)
• incremental income
• indemnification
• indicators
• indirect/secondary economic impacts
• individual
• individual knowledge
• indoctrination
• induced demand
• induced or tertiary impacts
• induction (of staff and volunteers)
• industry
• inertia and change
• influence
• influence diagram
• influencer
• information
• information asymmetry
• information management and systems
• information search
• infrastructure
• in-house
• initiation (stage)
• in-kind
• innovation
• innovation (and) diffusion theory
• innovation models (project)
• IOC
• inputs
• input-output (IO) models
• inseparability
• insiders in social worlds
• insight
• inspiration
• inspiration or demonstration effect
• institute
• institution (event as)
• institutional structures and portfolio governance
• institutional theory
• instorative
• instructions
• instrumental
• instrumental connectivity
• instrumentalist
• insurance
• insurance broker
• intangible heritage
• intangibles
• integrated marketing
• intellectual property
• intelligence (market)
• intentionality in event portfolios
• interactive
• interactive experience
• interactive impacts
• intercom
• intercultural
• interdisciplinary
• interdisciplinary pods
• internal environment
• internal evaluation
• internal marketing
• internal stakeholder
• internal values
• international event
• international phonetic alphabet
• International Standards Organization (ISO)
• internet
• interoperability
• inter-organizational network
• inter-organizational reciprocity
• interpretation
• interpretive paradigm
• interpretivism
• intervention
• interview(ing)
• intranet
• intrinsic:
• intrinsic motivation
• intrinsic value or worth
• intrusion detection alarm
• inventory
• investment
• invoice
• involvement (or leisure/ego involvement)
• Ishikawa diagrams
• iterative
• iterative events
• J
• job analysis
• joint probability distribution
• judge(ing)
• just in time
• justification of public intervention
• K
• Kalman Filter
• key evaluation questions (KEQ)
• key impact indicators (KII)
• key performance indicator (KPI)
• Kirkpatrick Hierarchical Model of Training Effectiveness
• know-how
• knowledge
• knowledge acquisition
• knowledge brokers
• knowledge creation
• knowledge hiding
• knowledge hoarding
• knowledge identification
• knowledge leakage
• knowledge management
• knowledge mapping
• knowledge practice theory
• knowledge practitioners/knowledge workers
• knowledge storage
• knowledge transfer/sharing
• knowledge use
• Kolb
• L
• laissez faire
• lag-time
• lagging indicators
• layered security (models)
• lead time
• lead retrieval system
• leader-member exchange theory
• leadership
• leadership theories
• leading indicators
• league
• leakage
• learning
• learning theory
• learning organization
• lease agreement
• legacy
• legitimacy
• legitimacy building
• legitimation
• legitimation crisis
• leisure (theory & philosophy)
• leisure market
• length of stay
• Leopold Matrix
• letter of agreement
• level of confidence (or confidence level)
• leveraged outcomes
• leveraging
• license
• licensing agreement
• life cycle
• lifestyle
• likelihood
• likelihood/consequence matrix
• Lim’s strategies for stakeholder management
• liminal(ity)
• liminoid
• limits
• limits of acceptable change (LAC)
• linear
• linear and linear-nodal forms of event
• linking
• linkages
• liquidated damages
• liquidity and holding periods
• live communications
• livecast
• local events
• local optimisation
• local organizing committee
• localisation
• locational analysis
• Locke’s Goal Setting Theory
• log (book)
• logic
• logic model
• logistics
• logos
• long tail events
• long term, cumulative impact assessment
• longitudinal research
• loneliness
• look of the event
• loyalty
• loyalty program
• lump sum (fixed fee) contract
• lumpiness
• M
• McClelland’s Three Needs Theory
• McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
• macro-expansion as a portfolio strategy
• magnetometer
• Mardi Gras
• magnitude
• major event
• management
• management by objectives (MBO)
• management functions
• management skills
• management theory
• managerial
• manager
• managers of complementary event portfolios
• mandate
• manifest
• manual
• mapping
• marginalise
• marginality
• marginal costs
• marker
• market
• market area
• market demand
• market failure
• market intervention
• market intelligence
• market-oriented portfolio strategies
• marketplace
• market penetration
• market potential
• marketing
• market(ing) research
• marketing concept
• marketing and communications plan(ning)
• marketing mix
• Markowitz efficiency frontiers
• marshal
• marshaling area
• Maslow and the Hierarchy of Needs
• mass culture
• mass media
• mass participation events
• mass tourism
• Masters sports /games
• mastery
• matrix/matrices
• matrix organization
• MBECS (Meeting and Business Event Competency Standards)
• MCDA (multi-criteria decision analysis)
• McLuhan, Marshal and the medium is the message
• meaning(s)
• meaningful experience
• means of egress
• measure
• measurement
• media
• media event
• media impacts
• media kit
• media management
• media studies
• media value
• meeting
• meeting planner
• mega event
• mega trends
• Mela
• memory
• memorable experiences
• mental model
• merchandise(ing)
• merit
• message(ing)
• metaphor (metaphoric discourse)
• meta analysis
• meta-event
• metered inflow
• METHANE
• methodology
• methods
• metrics
• MICE
• microeconomics
• milestone(s)
• mixed zone
• mind map(ping)
• mindfulness
• mission (for international events)
• mission creep
• mission statement
• mitigation
• mixed methods
• mobile digital technology
• mobility
• mobility studies
• model
• mono-sport events
• monitor(ing)
• mood
• mood boards
• moral leadership
• moral legitimacy
• moral suasion
• motif
• motivation
• motivation-need theory
• motivation theories
• motive
• move-in/move-out
• multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT)
• multi-constellation as a portfolio strategy
• multicultural event
• multidisciplinary
• multimedia
• multi-sport events
• multiple portfolios
• multiplicity (of an event portfolio)
• multiplier effect
• multipliers
• music festival
• music licensing fees
• myth(ology)
• N
• naming conventions
• narrative
• nature
• need
• needs assessment
• negative feedback
• negative impacts
• negligence
• negotiation
• neophilia
• neotribalism (neo-tribes)
• net present value
• net social benefit
• netnography
• network
• network diagrams
• network society
• network structure
• network theory
• new money
• niche
• niche theory
• night-time economy
• nonlinearity
• nonprofit / not for profit
• non-use values
• normative behaviour
• normative stakeholder theory
• nostalgia
• notice
• novelty seeking
• O
• objects/subjects of impact assessment
• objective
• observation
• occupancy (rate)
• occupational safety and health
• official
• official spokesperson
• off-peak
• Olympics (Olympic Games; IOC)
• on-road / off-road event
• one-off events
• one-time event organizations
• online booking
• ontology
• OODA Loop Model
• operations
• operations plan(ning)
• operational risks
• opportunity costs
• optimize/optimization
• optimal arousal
• optimal experience
• option value
• orchestra model
• organic (growth)
• organic and formalized portfolios
• organizing committee
• organization(al) chart
• organizational culture
• organizational design and structure
• organizational ecology theory
• organizational identity
• organizational knowledge
• organizational learning
• organizational life cycle
• organizational memory
• organizational vision
• Ossian’s matrix
• ostentation / ostentatious
• outbound tourism
• outboarding
• outcomes
• outcomes theory
• output
• outsourcing
• over-tourism
• owner(ship)
• P
• PA
• package tour
• paradigm
• paradigm shift
• paramedic
• participant observation
• participation rate
• participation sport events
• participative leadership
• participatory arts events
• participatory evaluation
• participatory inter-connectedness
• partnership
• party
• passive stakeholder
• path, causal (or pathway)
• path dependence
• patronage
• patterns and processes
• payback period
• peak experience
• pedagogy
• peer security
• penetration
• perceived impacts
• perception
• perceptual mapping
• performance
• performance appraisal / evaluation
• performance studies
• periodicity
• peripatetic events
• perishability
• permission marketing
• permit
• personal
• personal security
• personal and family impacts
• personal development
• personal identity
• personal space
• personal value
• personal welfare
• personality
• personality traits
• personas or market segments
• personnel security
• PEST (population, environment/economy, society and technology)
• phenomenology
• phenotype
• philanthropy
• philosophy
• phone tree
• photo elicitation
• physical engagement
• physical evidence
• physical security
• pictographic icon
• PIECE
• piggybacking (events)
• pilgrim(age)
• pillar events
• pilot test (or project, study)
• pitching
• place
• place attachment
• place branding
• place dependence (or functional attachment)
• place identity
• place making (or place-making)
• place marketing
• place memory
• placelessness
• planned behaviour, theory of
• planned events
• planning and planning theory
• planning horizon
• play
• point of service
• policy
• political economy
• political market square
• political philosophy
• political science
• political value
• politics
• popular culture
• population
• population ecology
• population of events
• portable generator
• portable seating
• post-con
• potable water
• portfolio
• portfolio balance
• portfolio design
• portfolio diversification
• portfolio scheduling
• portfolio strategies
• portfolio synergizing
• position(ing)/re-positioning
• positive feedback
• positive psychology
• positivism
• positivist paradigm
• post-event (or post development) impact assessment
• postmodern(ist/ism)
• power
• power/knowledge
• power theory
• PPP (public private partnership)
• PPRR
• pragmatic legitimacy
• praxis
• pre- and post-experience tests
• precautionary principle
• precedence order
• pre-con
• preconditions
• premier event
• premium
• pressure
• prestige
• preventative, security
• pricing
• pride
• primary data
• primary impacts
• primary stakeholder
• principal-agent issues
• principles
• private sector /owners
• pro forma
• proactive
• probability(theory)
• probability/severity matrix
• problem solving
• procedure
• process
• process approach
• process evaluation
• process map(ping)
• process theories of motivation
• processions and parades
• procurement and supply chain management
• procurement management
• producers
• product
• product development
• product life cycle
• product orientation
• product portfolio
• product quality
• production book
• production schedule
• productivity
• profession(alism)
• professionalization
• programme (or program)
• programme agenda
• programme-based budgeting
• programme-based organizational structure
• programme design
• programme evaluation
• project
• project management
• project network
• project network graph
• project planning
• project team
• promoter
• promotion
• proof
• proof of concept
• proof of purchase
• proprietary security
• propelling forces
• proportionality
• propositions
• props
• protective security
• protest
• prototype(ing)
• provenence
• proving cause and effect
• pseudo
• pseudo evaluations
• pseudo events
• psychic value/benefits
• psychographics
• psychological continuum model
• psychological empowerment
• psychology
• public events
• public good
• public participation
• public relations
• public sector or sphere
• public service announcement (PSA)
• public space
• public subsidy
• publicity stunt
• pulsar events
• pulsating events and organizations
• purpose-built venue
• purposeful space
• push and pull
• pyramid models for event portfolios
• pyrotechnics
• Q
• qualitative methods
• quality
• quality circles
• quality of life (QOL)
• quality management
• quantitative methods
• quantum leap
• quasi experiment
• queuing
• queuing theory
• questionnaires
• R
• RACI
• racialize
• rally
• random
• rapid impact assessment
• rapture
• rating scales
• rational(ity)
• rational choice exchange theory
• ratio
• ratio analysis
• rave
• realism
• realist evaluation
• reasoned action (theory of)
• receiving hospital
• reception
• reciprocal / reciprocity
• recovery
• recreation
• recreation specialization
• reduction of risk
• re-enactments
• reflexive(ity)
• reflexive professionals
• regeneration
• regional events
• regional development
• regulars in social worlds
• regulations
• regulatory official
• regulators
• rejuvenation
• relatedness (of event portfolio)
• relational database
• relational dimension of social capital
• relational knowledge management
• relational leadership
• relationship management
• relationship marketing
• reliability
• religious events
• religious studies
• replicability in event portfolios
• reputation
• request for information (RFI)
• request for proposal (RFP)
• research
• resident
• resident attitudes
• resident perceptions
• residual risk
• resilience
• resource
• resource analysis
• resource-based theory of the firm
• resource dependency theory
• resource inter-changeability
• resource partitioning theory
• resource specification
• response capability
• response to incidents
• response options
• responsible tourism
• responsiveness
• restore
• restorative and instorative
• retained earnings /profit
• retained expenditure
• retrenchment strategy
• retrospective impact assessment
• return on assets
• return on equity
• return on experience (ROE)
• return on investment (ROI)
• return on objectives/goals (ROO)
• reunions
• revealed preference methods
• revelry
• revenue management
• reverse flow
• request for information (RFI)
• rhythmicity in event portfolios
• rider
• risk
• risk analysis
• risk assessment
• risk avoidance
• risk categories
• risk control
• risk documentation
• risk equation
• risk factors
• risk identification
• risk management
• risk manager
• risk mapping
• risk mitigation
• risk monitoring
• risk planning
• risk reduction
• risk register
• risk resilient
• risk response
• risk retention
• risk transference
• risk treatment
• rite
• rites of passage
• ritual
• ritualised behaviour
• rodeo
• role theory
• roles of events in portfolios
• romanticism
• room pick-up
• root-cause analysis
• RRR
• rupture
• RVP
• S
• sacred (versus profane)
• safety
• salience of stakeholders
• sample (product)
• sample / sampling
• sanctioning
• sanctioning bodies
• satisfaction
• scalability
• scale
• scenario (making)
• scentscaping
• schedule
• schema (plural: schemata)
• science
• scientific method
• scope/scoping
• scope creep
• scope of work
• screening
• scripting
• search
• search and rescue (SAR)
• seasonal events
• seasonality
• secondary data
• secondary impacts
• secondary stakeholder
• secondary risk
• security
• security capacity analysis
• security deployment
• security phase model
• security planning
• secular pilgrimage
• seeking-escaping theory
• segmentation
• self actualisation
• self construal theory
• self determination theory
• self efficacy
• self identification
• self organization
• self reporting
• self sufficiency or self sustained
• self worth
• seminar
• semiosis /semiotics
• sense(s)
• sense of place
• sensitivity analysis
• sensory
• sensory mapping
• sensory stimulation
• serious leisure
• servant leadership
• service(s)
• service blueprinting and mapping
• service dominant logic
• service staging/role plays
• servicescape
• servicing events
• service quality
• SERVQUAL
• setting
• setting affordance
• severity
• sewage
• sex
• sexual objectification
• sexual orientation
• sexualization
• shared experiences
• shared or distributed leadership
• shareholder
• sharing economy
• shelter-in-place
• short break
• shut-down stage
• shuttle service
• sign
• signage
• significance tests
• significant
• signification
• silent evidence
• simulation
• Simulation models
• simultaneous consumption
• site
• site development
• site inspection
• site plan(ning)
• site selection /factors
• situation analysis
• situational awareness
• situational leadership
• skill
• skills audit
• Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory
• slow events
• small-scale events
• SMART
• smart cities
• SMERF
• social
• social alienation (or community alienation)
• social bond theory
• social capital
• social construct theory
• social entrepreneurship
• social equity
• social exchange theory
• social group
• social identity theory
• social impact assessment
• social impacts
• social inclusion
• social integration
• social isolation
• social leveraging
• social license (to operate)
• social marketing
• social marketing product
• social media
• social network theory
• social psychology
• social representation theory
• social responsibility
• social-structural empowerment
• social sustainability
• social value
• social welfare
• social worlds
• socialization
• sociocultural data analysis
• socio-economic segmentation variables
• sociology
• soft power
• soundscaping
• spam
• spatial patterns
• special effects
• special event
• special interest
• special needs
• specialization as a portfolio strategy
• specialized marketplace
• specifications
• spectacle
• spectator
• spectator events
• speculative risk
• spiritual(ity)
• sponsor(ship)
• sponsorship benefits or value
• sponsorship proposal
• spontaneity
• spontaneous volunteering
• sport
• sport federations and governing bodies
• sport management
• sport studies
• spotters
• stadium
• stage
• stage left / right
• stage management
• staged and emergent authenticity
• staging
• staging area
• staging terms
• stake
• stakeholder
• stakeholder analysis
• stakeholder management
• stakeholder map(ping)
• stakeholder power
• Stakeholder Strategy Matrix
• stakeholder theory for events
• standardization
• standards
• standards for sustainable events
• standards, organizational
• standoff distance
• state
• state events
• stated preference methods
• statement of work (SOW)
• statistics
• statutory
• steady state
• stewards
• storyboard(ing)
• story telling
• strangers in social worlds
• strategic impact assessment
• strategic planning
• strategic project management
• strategy
• strategy mapping
• stress(ors) or causal forces
• structural dimension of social capital
• style
• sub contractors
• sub-culture
• subjective wellbeing
• substitution
• success
• suitcasing
• sullage
• summative evaluation
• summit
• sunk costs
• superspreader (event)
• supply chain
• supply side
• supporters
• surplus revenue
• sustainability
• sustainability value
• surprise
• Swiss cheese model
• SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats)
• symbiotic polymorphism
• symbol(ism)
• symbolic interactionism
• symmetrization as a portfolio strategy
• symposium
• synchronous learning
• synergistic effects
• synergising
• system
• systematic observation
• systems model for events
• systems theory
• systems thinking
• T
• table top exercise
• tacit knowledge
• tactics
• talent
• talent retention
• tangibles
• target marketing
• targeted benefits
• task
• task analysis
• taste
• tastescape
• taxes
• team
• team leadership
• team performance
• technical rehearsal
• technician
• technology
• teleconference
• telemarketing
• temporal
• temporal processes
• temporary events notice (TEN)
• temporary mass gathering
• temporary venues/facilities
• ten-codes
• tender(ing)
• termination clause
• territorial marketing
• terrorism
• testimony
• theatre
• theatre studies
• thematic analysis
• thematic interpretation/communication
• theme
• theoretical capacity analysis
• theories of evaluation
• theory
• theory-driven evaluation
• theory of change (TOC) model
• think tank
• third party
• third sector
• threat
• threat analysis/assessment
• three-sixty (360) degree evaluation
• thresholds
• tiered service delivery model
• time/timing
• time-budget analysis
• time-critical decision
• time management
• time sensitive
• time series
• time switcher/switching
• timeline
• timescale
• tipping point
• TOC
• top-down estimating
• top-down planning
• tort
• total cultural value
• total economic value
• total quality management (TQM)
• touch
• tour
• tourism types
• tourism management
• tourism studies
• tourism value
• tourist
• tourist attraction
• tourist in social worlds
• tourist/tourism destination
• trade
• trade mark
• trade show
• tradition
• traditional use and knowledge studies
• traffic
• traffic flow
• traffic management
• tragedy of the commons
• training
• training effectiveness
• traits
• trait theory of leadership
• transactional leadership
• trans-disciplinary
• transfer
• transferred expenditure
• transformation
• transformation theory
• transformational leadership
• transformative learning
• transforming process
• transparency
• transportation provider
• trauma center
• travel career trajectory
• travel cost method
• trend(ing)
• trend analysis
• trend spotting
• triangular management
• triangulation
• triathlon
• tribal marketing
• trickle mode
• trickle-down effect
• trickle-down theory
• triggers
• triple bottom line (TBL)
• TRIZ
• trust
• trustee
• tunnel vision
• turnaround time
• turnover (rate)
• typology
• U
• uncertainty
• underlying documents
• union jurisdiction
• unique selling proposition (USP)
• unrelated business income tax (UBIT)
• upstream stakeholders
• urban and community studies
• urban re-development/regeneration
• urgency
• use and non-use values
• user-pays principle
• utilitarian scope
• utilization-focused evaluation
• V
• valet parking
• validity
• value
• values
• value-added multiplier
• value adding
• value chain
• value creation
• value creating platform
• value for money
• value perspective
• value pricing
• value proposition
• value stream map(ping)
• variable
• variable cost
• variables and factors
• variable message sign
• variance
• ventilation
• venue
• vertical dyad linkage theory
• vetting
• vicarious liability
• vigil
• virtual events
• virtual team
• visible staff contacts
• visible, routine, unpredictable (VRUP)
• vision(ing)
• visionary leadership
• visiting friends and relatives (VFR)
• visitor
• visitor journey approach
• visitor studies
• visual arts
• visualisations
• voices
• voluntary sector
• volunteer
• Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
• vulnerability
• W
• waiver
• waiver of indemnity
• walk-through
• waste management
• water weights
• wayfinding
• weighting of goals
• wellbeing
• wellness
• white-elephant facilities
• white level inspection
• whole populations
• willingness to pay
• winners and losers
• wishful listening
• within-scope
• word of mouth
• work
• work breakdown structure (WBS)
• work futures
• working capital
• world’s fair
• workshop
• worth
• wow factor
• Y
• yield
• yield management
• Z
• zero based budgeting
• zero (carbon) emissions
• zero-sum game
• Zone Ex
• List of Acronyms