Opinions Throughout History: Law Enforcement in America takes a look at the history and philosophy of policing in America from the vigilante slave catchers of the American South, to the first modern police departments of the Northeast, to the drug war of the 1980s and 1990s.

Table of Contents

• Publisher’s Note
• Introduction
• Historical Timeline
• 1. Colonial Law: The Beginnings of American Law Enforcement (1620-1700)
• 2. Policing Goes Federal: The Foundations of the U.S. Marshals Service (1789)
• 3. The Slave Patrols: The Role of Slavery in the Formation of American Policing (1700s-Present)
• 4. Keeping the Peace: Civil Unrest and the Expansion of Policing (1834-1845)
• 5. Private Guns: The Pinkerton Detective Agency and the Rise of the Detective Field (1842-1886)
• 6. Representation Matters: Diversity in American Policing (1886-1910)
• 7. Fighting Corruption: Corruption in Policing (1880-1920)
• 8. The Science of Policing: The Introduction of Science-Driven Police Investigation (1900-1950)
• 9. The Rise of the G-Men: Policing During Prohibition and in the Era of Organized Crime (1920s)
• 10. The Police Administration: Continuing the Professionalization Reforms (1930s-1940s)
• 11. A Collective Shield: The History of Police Unionization (1915-1960s)
• 12. The Government versus the People: The Role of the Police in Fighting Terrorism and Civil Unrest (1960)
• 13. The Poisonous Tree: The Implications of Mapp v. Ohio in American Policing (1961)
• 14. The Rights of the Accused: The Origin of the Miranda Warning (1966)
• 15. Keeping the Streets Safe: Community Policing and the Omnibus Crime Control Strategy (1968)
• 16. Crime Operators: The Development of the 911 Emergency System (1968)
• 17. The Development of Body Armor: A History of the Use of Armor in Warfare and Policing (1970s)
• 18. Science Applied to Policing: Reforming Policing with Scientific Management (1980s)
• 19. The War on Drugs: Policing During the War on Drugs Era (1980s)
• 20. The Los Angeles Problem: The Los Angeles Riots and Perceptions of Police (1990s)
• 21. Big Data Policing: Data-Driven Policing and the Introduction of CompStat (1994)
• 22. Starting Young: Youth and the Prison Dilemma (1990s)
• 23. Under the Watchful Eye: Citizen Surveillance and the New Police State (2010s)
• 24. The Value of Black Lives: The Black Lives Matter Movement and the Hands Up, Don’t Shoot Campaign (2010s)
• 25. Policing Borders: Police, Immigration, and the Sanctuary Cities Movement (2017)
• 26. Defund the Police: The Defund the Police Movement and the Case for Radical Police Reform (2020)
• 27. Protecting Democracy: The Capitol Insurrection and the Future of Policing in America (2021)
• 28. Policing in Lockdown: Policing During the COV1D-19 Crisis (2020-2021)
• 29. Conclusion: Building a Better System
• Primary and Secondary Sources
• Glossary
• Historical Snapshots
• Bibliography
• About the Author