The SAGE Encyclopedia of Higher Education demonstrates the impact higher education has had on global economies and universities across the world.

Table of Contents

• Editorial Board
• Reader’s Guide
• About the Editors
• Contributors
• Introduction
• A
• Aboriginal People
• Academic Administration, U.S.
• Academic Boards
• Academic Calendar
• Academic Capitalism, Conceptualizations of
• Academic Capitalism
• Academic Culture
• Academic Freedom
• Academic Leadership
• Academic Mobility And Migration
• Academic Plan
• Academic Profession
• Academic Staff
• Academic Structure
• Academic Workforce And Precarity
• Academic Writing
• Access And Accountability Outcomes
• Access Policies, U.S.
• Access to Higher Education
• Accommodation
• Accommodations for Students With Disabilities
• Accreditation
• Active Learning
• Activism
• Adaptive Learning Modules
• Adjuncts
• Administrative And Support Staff Unions, U.S.
• Administrative Leadership
• Admissions
• Adult Basic Education
• Adult Learners
• Adult Learning Theories
• Affirmative Action
• Africa, Higher Education in
• African Americans in Higher Education
• Alumni Associations
• Ambiguity of Leadership
• Americans With Disabilities Act
• Analysis of Curriculum And Pedagogies
• Analysis of Global Higher Education
• Annual Meetings
• Arts
• Asian American Critical Race Studies
• Asian Americans in Higher Education
• Assessment
• Assessment of Higher Education Learning Outcomes Feasibility Study
• Assessment of Learning
• Assimilation And Integration in Higher Education
• Associate Degrees
• Athletic Administration
• Athletics: Student–Athletes
• Australia, Higher Education in
• Authentic Learning
• B
• Baccalaureate
• Badges
• Biology
• Black Feminist Thought
• Black Student Organizations
• Boards of Trustees, Systems
• Bologna Process And European Higher Education Area
• Bologna Process: Curriculum
• Botany
• Branding of Higher Education Institutions
• Brazil, Evaluation of Higher Education in
• Brown v. Board of Education
• Browne Report (2010, England)
• Budgeting Processes in Higher Education Institutions
• C
• Campaign for the Public University, UK
• Campus Climate, U.S.
• Campus Life, U.S.
• Campus Security, Safety, And Screening
• Canada, Higher Education in
• Capstone Projects
• Career Pathways
• Caregiver Supports
• Carnegie Classification
• Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
• Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate
• Centers Focused on Equity And Inclusion
• Certificates, Educational
• Chair Leadership
• Chief Executive Leadership Competencies, U.S.
• China, Higher Education in
• China, Higher Education Reform in
• Civic Engagement
• Class Differences And Impact on Student Access And Outcomes
• Class Size
• Classroom Civility And Incivility
• Classroom Observation of Teaching
• Classroom Practices
• Clery Act
• Co-Curricular Programs
• Cognitive Dissonance
• Collaborative Leadership
• Collaborative Learning
• Collaborative Learning Strategies
• College Choice
• Collegiality
• Common Core State Standards
• Community College Governing Boards
• Commiunity Colleges, Leadership of
• Community Colleges
• Competency-Based Education
• Completion Agenda
• Comprehensive Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions
• Conferences
• Conflict in Organizations
• Confucius Institutes
• Contingent Faculty
• Continuing Education: Organizational Structure
• Cooperative Extension
• Cooperative Learning
• Copyright
• Course Design
• Creationism
• Credit for Experience
• Credit Hours
• Crime Alerts: Racialization
• Critical Race Feminism
• Critical Race Research
• Critical Race Theory
• Critical Whiteness Studies
• Critically Reflective Teaching
• Culturally Relevant Pedagogy
• Culturally Responsive Leadership
• Curriculum, History of
• Curriculum
• Curriculum Versus Disciplines
• D
• Dean Leadership
• Dearing Report (1997, UK)
• Decision-Making
• Degrees
• Democratic and Co-Constructed Classes
• Department of Education, U.S.
• Developmental Education
• Didacticism
• Disability And Ability, U.S.
• Disciplinary Differences in Teaching
• Disciplines And Fields of Study
• Distance Education, History of
• Distributed Leadership
• Diversity Committees, U.S.
• Diversity Discourses, U.S.
• Doctoral Degrees
• Doctoral Student Socialization
• DREAM Act
• Dual Enrollment
• E
• Economic Impact of Higher Education
• Economics
• Education, Study of
• Education Abroad, U.S.
• Education Abroad
• Education at a Glance
• Educational Technology
• Educational Technology Tools
• Effects of College on Students
• Electives, U.S.
• Elite Universities
• Emotions in Learning
• Employer Skills Needs
• Enculturation and Socialization of New Faculty and Staff
• Endowments
• English as Language of Teaching and Research
• English Language Training for International Faculty
• English Learners: Transition to Higher Education
• Enhancing Leadership Learning
• Enrollment Targets and Management
• Environmental Justice
• Equity
• Erasmus Mundus
• Ethics and Leadership
• Ethics Review Teams
• Ethnic Studies, U.S.: Curriculum
• Ethnicity in Higher Education
• European Higher Education Area
• European Research Area
• European Union Higher Education Policies
• European Union, Higher Education in
• Experiential Learning
• Extramural Education
• F
• Faculty, Rights and Responsibilities of
• Faculty Development
• Faculty Governance
• Faculty Leadership
• Faculty of Color
• Faculty Representation
• Faculty Unions
• Faith-Based Institutions
• Family-Friendly Policies
• Feminism
• Feminist Analysis
• Feminist and Women’s Studies
• Feminist Leadership
• Feminist Policy Analysis
• Feminist Research
• Feminist Teaching
• Financial Aid
• First in Family
• First-Generation College Students
• First-Year Experience
• Fisher v. University of Texas
• Followership
• Formerly Incarcerated People in Higher Education
• For-Profit Colleges and Universities
• France, Higher Education in
• Fraternity and Sorority Life
• Fulbright Program
• Fundraising and Friendraising
• Further Education: Germany
• Further Education: Organizational Structure
• Further Education: United Kingdom
• Further Education Colleges: UK and Ireland
• G
• Gender, Influence on Teaching
• Gender: Law Reform and Feminist Politics
• Gender and Leadership
• Gender Equality Policy: Austria, Germany, and Switzerland
• Gender Equality Policy
• Gender Equity
• Gender Equity Policy: Africa
• Gender Equity Policy: New Zealand and Australia
• Gender Equity Policy: United Nations
• Gender Equity Policy: United States
• Gender Expression
• Gender Identity
• Gender in Higher Education
• Gender Studies
• General Education
• Geographic Analysis of Higher Education
• Geosciences
• Germany, Higher Education in
• GI Bill
• Global University Rankings
• Globalization
• Governance of Higher Education
• Graduate Education: Curriculum
• Graduate Education: Organization
• Graduate Student Socialization
• Graduate Student Unions
• Grant Funding
• Grassroots Leadership
• Group of Eight
• Growth of Higher Education Systems
• H
• Hazing: Abusive Initiations
• Helicopter Parenting
• Intense and Less Intense Parental Involvement
• Higher Education and Social Mobility
• Higher Education Authority: Ireland
• Higher Education Department Structures: China
• Higher Education Department Structures: Norway
• Higher Education Finance
• Higher Education Funding: Policies
• Higher Education Governance Systems: Middle East
• Higher Education Governance Systems
• Higher Education Governing Boards: Oversight and Accountability
• Higher Education Governing Boards: Student Board Members
• Higher Education Institution Governance: Accountability
• Higher Education Institution Governing Boards, Culture of
• Higher Education Institution Governing Boards: Appointed Board Members
• Higher Education Institution Governing Boards: Difference of Role Across Institution Type
• Higher Education Institution Governing Boards: Effective Trustee Governance
• Higher Education Institution Governing Boards: Evaluation of Institutional Risk
• Higher Education Institution Governing Boards: Mission and Vision
• Higher Education Institution Governing Boards: Presidential Appointment Process
• Higher Education Institution Governing Boards: Rogue Members
• Higher Education Institution Governing Boards: Training of Members
• Higher Education Institution Governing Boards
• Higher Education Institution Governing Boards and Shared Governance
• Higher Education Institution Personnel: Administrative Staff
• Higher Education Institution Personnel: Faculty Evaluation, U.S.
• Higher Education Institutions, Mergers of
• Higher Education Strategy
• Hispanic-Serving Institutions
• Historical Analysis of Higher Education
• Historically Black Colleges and Universities
• Housing and Residential Life
• Human Capital
• Human Resources Policies in Higher Education
• Humanities
• Hybrid Instruction
• I
• Immigration and Higher Education
• Impact of Higher Education
• Inclusion in Higher Education
• Incremental Budgeting Processes
• India, Higher Education in
• Individual Leaders
• Initiatives to Widen Access and Participation
• Institution Type
• Institutional Advancement and Development
• Institutional Analysis
• Institutional Research
• Institutional Research Data Systems
• Integrated Learning
• Intellectual Leadership
• Intelligent Design
• Intercollegiate Athletics: Impacts on Student–Athletes
• Intercollegiate Athletics in Higher Education
• Intercultural Competence
• Intercultural Competence Development
• Interdisciplinary Studies
• International Branch Campuses
• International Faculty
• International Joint and Dual Degrees
• International Relations and Higher Education
• International Student Mobility Programs
• Internationalization and International Students
• Internationalization at Home
• Internationalization of Higher Education: Impacts
• Internationalization of Higher Education
• Internships and Co-Ops
• Intersectionality
• Iran, Higher Education in
• Islamic Critical Theory
• Israel, Higher Education in
• Ivy League
• J
• Japan, Higher Education in
• K
• Key Institutional Policies
• Key Performance Indicators
• Key State Policies
• Knowledge Diplomacy
• L
• Laboratory Instruction
• Labor Market Outcomes
• Land-Grant Colleges and Universities
• Latin America, Higher Education in
• Latina/o Critical Race Theory
• Latinas/os in Higher Education
• Leadership, Management, and Governance
• Leadership and Change
• Leadership Development, U.S.
• Leadership in Higher Education
• Leadership in Support of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion
• Leadership Research, Periods of
• Leadership Roles
• Leadership Style
• Leadership Theory Over Time
• Leadership Versus Management
• Leading From the Middle
• Leading in Cross-Cultural Contexts
• League Tables
• Learning Organizations
• Learning Outcomes: Typologies
• Learning Spaces
• Learning Theories
• Leaving Certification
• Lecture Method
• Legal Education, U.S.
• Legal Issues
• LGBT Centers
• Liberal Arts: Teaching and Learning
• Liberal Arts Colleges, Leadership of
• Liberal Arts Colleges, Organization of
• Liberal Arts Colleges
• Liberal Education
• Liberal Education and America’s Promise
• Libraries
• Lifelong Learning
• Lisbon Treaty
• Low-Income Students
• M
• Marketing Higher Education
• Massive Open Online Courses
• Master Plan
• Master’s Degrees
• Mature Students, Women as
• Medical Education
• Medieval Universities
• Mental Health Personnel
• Mentoring
• Meta-Majors
• Microaggressions
• Middle East: Higher Education in the Arab Countries
• Minister of Basic Education and Minister of Higher Education and Training: South Africa
• Ministerial Systems of Higher Education: Brazil
• Minority Students
• Minority Students in Australia
• Minority Students in Brazil
• Minority Students in Canada
• Minority Students in the United Kingdom
• Minority Students in The United States
• Minority-Serving inStitutions
• Modern Universities, UK
• MOOCs
• Multiculturalism
• N
• National Center for Education Statistics
• Native Americans in Higher Education
• Neoliberalism and Higher Education
• Netherlands, Higher Education in
• New Faculty
• New Institutionalism in Higher Education
• New Models of Higher Education
• New Public Management
• Nobel Prizes
• Noncognitive Assessment
• Nordic Countries, Higher Education in
• O
• Online Education: Teaching and Assessment
• Online Education
• Open Access
• Open Access in Admissions
• Open Educational Resources
• Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development
• Organizational Communication
• Organizational Operations and Governance
• Organizational Structure, Models of
• Organizational Structure
• Orientation
• Osher Lifelong Learning Institutes
• Outreach
• Outsourcing, U.S.
• P
• Pacific Islanders in Higher Education, U.S.
• Parent Involvement in Postsecondary Choices and Higher Education Experience
• Parental Leave
• Participatory Leadership
• Peer Learning
• Performance-Based Funding, U.S.
• Performance-Based Funding
• Personnel Policies
• Persons With Disabilities: Personnel
• Persons With Disabilities: Students
• Philanthropic Foundations, U.S.
• Plagiarism
• Policy and Policy Processes in Higher Education
• Political Economy of Internationalization
• Political Science
• Poverty and Student Access to Higher Education
• Power
• Private University Governing Boards
• Privatization
• Problem-Based Learning: Use in Engineering Disciplines
• Problem-Based Learning
• Professional and Research Associations
• Professional Bureaucracy
• Professional Degrees
• Professional Fields
• Professional Qualification
• Professionalization
• Professoriate
• Projects 211 and 985
• Protection of Human Subjects
• Psychosocial Studies
• Public Funding for Higher Education
• Public Good of Higher Education
• Public Intellectual
• Public Perceptions of Higher Education
• Public Understanding of Science
• Public Versus Private Higher Education Institutions
• Publish or Perish
• Q
• Quality Assurance and Control
• R
• Race, Influence on Teaching
• Race in Higher Education
• Race in U.S. Higher Education Leadership
• Racial Violence and Stress in U.S. Higher Education
• Racism and Decolonizing Higher Education
• Regents of University of California v. Bakke
• Regionalism in Higher Education
• Religion and Spirituality
• Religiously Affiliated Institutions
• Religiously Affiliated Institutions, U.S.
• Remediation
• Research Ethics: Conduct and Misconduct
• Research Excellence Framework
• Research Policy, UK
• Research Universities, Leadership of
• Residential Education Staff
• Responsibility Centered Budgeting
• Restorative Justice
• Retirement and Link to Emeritus/a Status
• Risk Management
• Robbins Report (1963, Great Britain)
• Roles and Functions of Universities
• Rural Settings, Higher Education in
• Russell Group
• S
• Safety
• Salary Equity, U.S.
• Scholarship of Teaching and Learning
• Second-Year Experience
• Secretary of State for Education, UK
• Selectivity of Higher Education Institutions, U.S.
• Self-Directed Learning
• Servant Leadership
• Service Learning
• Sexual Harassment and Assault
• Sexual Orientation and Sexuality
• Shanghai Rankings
• Shared Governance
• Small Private Online Courses
• Social and Emotional Capital
• Social Class and Student Experiences
• Social Construction and Leadership
• Social Media
• Social Policy and Social Sciences
• Social Work
• Sociology
• Socratic Method
• Sophomore Slump
• South African Higher Education Reform
• South Korea, Higher Education in
• Southeast Asia, Higher Education in
• Special Mission Colleges, Leadership of
• Ssponsored International Students
• Staff Development
• State-Level Governance, U.S.
• State and National Higher Education Coordinating Boards, U.S.
• State Articulation Agreements, U.S.
• State Funding for Higher Education, U.S.
• STEM
• STEM Ambassadors
• Strategic Planning
• Student–Athletes
• Student-Centered Learning
• Student Activism and Organizations
• Student Affairs
• Student Choice of Higher Education
• Student Data Systems
• Student Debt
• Student Development Theory
• Student Engagement
• Student Experience Surveys, UK
• Student Governance
• Student Government
• Student Learning Outcomes
• Student Learning Outcomes Assessment
• Student Life and Activities
• Student Mental Health
• Student Mobility
• Student Motivation
• Student Movements: Latin America
• Student Organizations: Africa
• Student Organizations: Europe
• Student Power
• Student Retention, U.S.
• Student Services, U.S.
• Student Services
• Student Transfer, Curriculum Articulation in
• Student Union Facilities
• Student Unions
• Student Well-Being
• Students
• T
• Talent Development
• Teaching Academically Diverse Students
• Teaching And Learning, Research on
• Teaching and Learning, U.S.: Organization
• Teaching and Learning Centers
• Teaching Approaches
• Teaching Critical Thinking
• Teaching Ethics
• Teaching Excellence Framework
• Teaching in U.S. Higher Education
• Teaching Online, Strategies for
• Teaching Perspectives
• Teaching Portfolios
• Teaching Strategies
• Teaching Students With Disabilities
• Teaching That Empowers Students
• Team Leadership
• Team-Based Learning
• Technical and Further Education: Australia
• Technical Institutes
• Technological Universities, UK
• Technology
• Tenure, Rank, and Promotion
• Tertiary Education: Teaching and Learning
• Testing and Grading
• Textbooks
• Threats to Scholars
• Times Rankings
• Title IX
• Title VII
• Town–Gown Relations
• Transformational Leadership
• Transformative Learning Theory
• Transgender People in Higher Education
• Transnational Higher Education
• Tribal Colleges and Universities
• Tuition
• Tuition Discounting, U.S.
• U
• UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
• UN Conventions on Human Rights and Children’s Rights
• Undergraduate Degrees
• Undergraduate Research
• Underrepresented Populations in U.S. Higher Education, Support for
• Undocumentes Students
• UNESCO
• United Kingdom, Higher Education in
• United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
• United States, Higher Education in
• Universal Design for Learning
• Universities, Leadership of
• University–community Partnerships
• University and Academic Administration, UK
• University Extension Courses
• University of the Third Age, UK
• University Presses
• University Rankings
• Urban Settings, Higher Education in
• USAID
• V
• Value for Money
• Virtual Learning Environments
• Vocationalism
• W
• Wisconsin Idea
• Women in STEM, U.S.
• Women in STEM
• Women Leaders: Moving the Needle
• Women’s Centers
• Women’s Colleges and Universities
• Women’s Issues
• Women’s Studies
• Workforce Development
• Work-Life Balance
• Workplace Bullying
• World Bank
• Z
• Zoology
• Appendix
• Academy of Social Sciences
• ACPA—College Student Educators International
• Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy
• American Educational Research Association
• American Psychological Association
• Association for the Study of Higher Education
• Association of Commonwealth Universities
• British Academy
• British Council
• British Sociological Association
• Brookings Institution
• Cara (the Council for At-Risk Academics)
• Consortium of Higher Education Researchers
• EAIR—The European Higher Education Society
• European Educational Research Association
• European Science Foundation
• European University Continuing Education Network
• Feminist and Women’s Studies Association
• Gender and Education Association
• Higher Education Policy Institute
• Higher Education Research Institute
• Institute of International Education
• Leadership Foundation for Higher Education
• Lumina Foundation
• NAFSA: Association of International Educators
• NASPA—Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education
• National Association of Diversity Officers in Higher Education
• National Student Clearinghouse
• Newton Fund
• Nuffield Foundation
• RAND Corporation
• Royal Institution
• Royal Society
• Society for Research Into Higher Education
• State Higher Education Executive Officers Association
• UK Council for Graduate Education
• World Education Research Association