The main aim of this Field Guide is to enable people to identify some of the alien plant species that are invasive, potentially invasive, or naturalized in East Africa (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda) and Ethiopia, and to enable them to learn more about the impacts of these species and about possible options for managing and controlling such plants.

Table of Contents

• Foreword – Mrs Tumusiime Rhoda Peace, African Union Commission
• Executive Summary
• Introduction
• Acknowledgements
• Aquatics
• Azolla filiculoides Lam.
• Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms
• Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.
• Myriophyllum spicatum L.
• Pistia stratiotes L.
• Pontederia cordata L.
• Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitch
• Climbers
• Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis
• Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn.
• Aristolochia littoralis D. Parodi
• Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston
• Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw.
• Convolvulus arvensis L.
• Cuscuta campestris Yunck.
• Dolichandra unguis-cati (L.) L.G. Lohmann
• Ipomoea alba L.
• Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet
• Ipomoea hederifolia L.
• Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr.
• Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth
• Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth
• Lonicera japonica Thunb.
• Passiflora caerulea L.
• Passiflora edulis Sims
• Passiflora foetida L.
• Passiflora suberosa L.
• Passiflora subpeltata Ortega
• Passiflora tarminiana Coppens & V.E. Barney
• Solanum seaforthianum Andrews
• Thunbergia grandiflora (Rottl.) Roxb.
• Herbs
• Ageratum conyzoides L.
• Ageratum houstonianum Mill.
• Allium neapolitanum Cirillo
• Argemone mexicana L.
• Argemone ochroleuca Sweet
• Brillantaisia lamium (Nees) Benth.
• Canna × generalis L.H. & E.Z. Bailey
• Canna indica L.
• Capsicum annuum L.
• Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.
• Dahlia imperialis Roezl ex Ortgies
• Datura ferox L.
• Datura innoxia Mill.
• Datura stramonium L.
• Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC.
• Echium plantagineum L.
• Erigeron karvinskianus DC. (unresolved)
• Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
• Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig
• Hedychium flavescens Carey ex Roscoe
• Hedychium gardnerianum Sheppard ex Ker Gawl.
• Helianthus annuus L.
• Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.
• Mimosa pudica L.
• Parthenium hysterophorus L.
• Rivina humilis L.
• Salvia coccinea Buc'hoz ex Etl.
• Salvia leucantha Cav.
• Senecio madagascariensis Poir.
• Solanum campylacanthum A. Rich.
• Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski
• Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl
• Verbena bonariensis L.
• Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex A. Gray
• Xanthium spinosum L.
• Xanthium strumarium L.
• Zinnia peruviana (L.) L.
• Palms
• Areca catechu L.
• Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.
• Elaeis guineensis Jacq.
• Shrubs
• Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
• Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht. & J. Presl
• Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold
• Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don
• Cestrum aurantiacum Lindl.
• Cestrum elegans (Brongn. ex Neumann)
• Cestrum nocturnum L.
• Cestrum parqui L'Hér.
• Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob
• Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don
• Cryptostegia grandiflora Roxb. ex R. Br
• Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne.
• Duranta erecta L.
• Euryops chrysanthemoides (DC.) B. Nord.
• Ipomoea carnea Jacq. ssp. fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy) D.F. Austin
• Ipomoea hildebrandtii Vatke
• Lantana camara L.
• Mimosa diplotricha Sauvalle
• Mirabilis jalapa L.
• Montanoa hibiscifolia Benth.
• Physalis peruviana L.
• Ricinus communis L.
• Rubus niveus Thunb.
• Rubus rosifolius Sm.
• Senna alata (L.) Roxb.
• Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb.
• Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
• Senna hirsuta (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
• Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin &
• Senna occidentalis (L.) Link
• Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
• Solanum mauritianum Scop.
• Solanum torvum Sw.
• Tephrosia vogelli Hook. f.
• Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray
• Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F. Blake
• Succulents
• Agave americana L.
• Agave angustifolia Haw. var. angustifolia
• Agave sisalana Perrine
• Austrocylindropuntia subalata (Muelenpf.) Backeb.
• Bryophyllum daigremontianum (Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier) A. Berger
• Bryophyllum delagoense (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schinz
• Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi (Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier) Lauz.-March
• Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
• Bryophyllum proliferum Bowie ex Hook.
• Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson
• Callisia repens (Jacq.) L.
• Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand.
• Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand.
• Cereus jamacaru DC.
• Crassula sarmentosa Harv. var. sarmentosa
• Cylindropuntia imbricata (Haw.) F.M. Knuth
• Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw.
• Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose
• Jatropha curcas L.
• Jatropha gossypiifolia L.
• Kalanchoe beharensis Drake
• Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill.
• Opuntia elatior Mill.
• Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm.
• Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.
• Opuntia microdasys (Lehm.) Pfeiff.
• Opuntia monacantha Haw.
• Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.
• Peniocereus serpentinus (Lag. & Rodr.) N.P. Taylor
• Pereskia aculeata Mill.
• Tradescantia fluminensis Vell.
• Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt
• Tradescantia spathacea Sw.
• Tradescantia zebrina Bosse
• Vinca major L.
• Trees
• Acacia auriculiformis Benth.
• Acacia colei Maslin & L.A.J. Thomson
• Acacia mearnsii De Wild.
• Acacia melanoxylon R. Br.
• Acacia podalyriifolia G. Don
• Acacia saligna (Labill.) Wendl.
• Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Arn.
• Adenanthera pavonina L.
• Albizia lebbeck (Jacq.) F. Muell.
• Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr.
• Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
• Azadirachta indica A.Juss.
• Bauhinia monandra Kurz
• Bauhinia purpurea L.
• Bauhinia variegata L.
• Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
• Calliandra houstoniana (Mill.) Standl. var. calothyrsus (Meisn.) Barneby
• Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson
• Castilla elastica Cerv.
• Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq.
• Casuarina equisetifolia L.
• Cedrela odorata L.
• Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl
• Cinnamomum verum J. Presl
• Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken
• Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf.
• Dovyalis caffra (Hook. f. & Harv.) Sim
• Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.
• Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall
• Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp.
• Gmelina arborea Roxb.
• Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br.
• Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll.
• Hovenia dulcis Thunb.
• Hura crepitans L.
• Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don
• Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
• Maesopsis eminii Engl.
• Melia azedarach L.
• Mimosa pigra L.
• Nicotiana glauca Graham
• Parkinsonia aculeata L.
• Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) K. Heyne
• Pinus caribaea Morelet
• Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.
• Piper aduncum L.
• Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.
• Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.
• Psidium cattleianum Afzel. ex Sabine
• Psidium guajava L.
• Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
• Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
• Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
• Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels
• Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston
• Tecoma stans (L.) Juss ex Kunth
• Tectona grandis L.f.
• Terminalia catappa L.
• Toona ciliata M. Roem.
• Toona sinensis (Juss.) M.Roem.
• Useful Websites
• References
• Appendix A: Summary table of plant species included in this Guide that are considered to be naturalized, potentially invasive or invasive in eastern Africa.
• Appendix B: Biological control agents that have established in eastern Africa or elsewhere on some of the plant species described in this Field Guide.
• Appendix C: Herbicides registered or permissible with minor or emergency use permits in Australia by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority against some of the plant species included in this Field Guide.
• Appendix D: Additional information on the herbicides registered for use in Australia by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority, together with useful information on their modes of application, against some of the plant species included in this Field Guide.
• Appendix E: Registered and minor-use herbicides applied in South Africa for the control of some of the plant species included in this Field Guide.
• Glossary