From Suffrage to the Senate: America's Political Women is a comprehensive and valuable compendium of biographies of leading women in U.S. politics, past and present, and an examination of the wide range of women's movements.

Table of Contents

• Publisher's Note
• Introduction
• A
• Abbott, Grace (1878-1939)
• Abel, Hazel Pearl Hempel (1888-1966)
• Abolitionist Movement, Women in the
• Abortion
• Abzug, Bella Savitzky (1920-1998)
• Achtenberg, Roberta (b. 1950)
• Adams, Abigail Smith (1744-1818)
• Adams, Alma (b. 1946)
• Adams, Annette Abbott (1877-1956)
• Adams, Sandra (Sandy) (b. 1956)
• Addams, Jane (1860-1935)
• Addington, Julia C. (1829-1875)
• Adkins v. Children's Hospital (1923)
• Adkins, Bertha Sheppard (1906-1983)
• Affirmative Action
• Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health (1983)
• Albright, Madeleine Jana Korbel (b. 1937)
• Alexander, Sadie Tanner Mosell (1898-1989)
• Allen, Maryon Pittman (1925-2018)
• Allred, Gloria Rachel Bloom (b. 1941)
• Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incoporated®
• Alpha Suffrage Club
• Alvarez, Aida (b. 1949)
• American Association of University Women, The
• American Civil Liberties Union
• American Life League, Inc.
• American Woman Suffrage Association
• American Women Presidents
• Ames, Jessie Harriet Daniel (1883-1972)
• Anderson, Amalia (b. 1974)
• Anderson, Eugenie Moore (1909-1997)
• Anderson, Marian (1897-1993)
• Anderson, Mary (1872-1964)
• Andrews, (Leslie) Elizabeth Bullock (1911-2002)
• Angelou, Maya (1928-2014)
• Anthony, Susan Brownell (1820-1906)
• Anti-lynching Movement
• Armstrong, Anne Legendre (1927-2008)
• Ashbrook, (Emily) Jean Spencer (b. 1934)
• Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching
• Atkinson, Ti-Grace (b. 1939)
• Avery, Byllye Yvonne Reddick (b. 1937)
• Axne, Cynthia (b. 1965)
• Ayotte, Kelly (b. 1968)
• B
• Baca, Pauline Celia (Polly) (b. 1941)
• Bachmann, Michele (b. 1956)
• Bachur v. Democratic National Committee (1987)
• Baker, Ella Josephine (1903-1986)
• Baker, Irene Bailey (1901-1994)
• Balch, Emily Greene (1867-1961)
• Baldwin, Tammy (b. 1962)
• Bañuelos, Romana Acosta (1925-2018)
• Barnard, Catherine (Kate) Ann (1875-1930)
• Barnes, Melody C. (b. 1964)
• Barragán, Nannette Diaz (b. 1976)
• Barshefsky, Charlene (b. 1950)
• Bass, Charlotta Amanda Spears (1880-1969)
• Bass, Karen (b. 1953)
• Bates, Daisy Lee Gatson (1920-1999)
• Beal v. Doe (1977)
• Bean, Melissa Luburich (b. 1962)
• Beatty, Joyce (b. 1950)
• Beauvoir, Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand de (1908-1986)
• Bellamy, Carol (b. 1942)
• Bellotti v. Baird (1976, 1979)
• Belmont, Alva Erskine Smith Vanderbilt (1853-1933)
• Benjamin, Medea (b. 1952)
• Benjamin, Regina (b. 1956)
• Bentley, Helen Delich (1923-2016)
• Berkley, Shelley (b. 1951)
• Berry, Mary Frances (b. 1938)
• Bethune, Mary Jane McLeod (1875-1955)
• Biggert, Judith Borg (b. 1937)
• Black Lives Matter
• Black Women's Health Imperative
• Black, Diane (b. 1951)
• Blackburn, Marsha Wedgeworth (b. 1952)
• Blackmun, Harry Andrew (1908-1999)
• Blackwell, Alice Stone (1857-1950)
• Blades, Joan (b. 1956)
• Blair, Emily Newell (1877-1951)
• Blanco, Kathleen Babineaux (b. 1942)
• Blatch, Harriot Eaton Stanton (1856-1940)
• Blitch, Iris Faircloth (1912-1993)
• Bloomer, Amelia Jenks (1818-1894)
• Bloor, Ella Reeve Ware Cohen Omholt (Mother Bloor) (1862-1951)
• Blunt Rochester, Lisa (b. 1962)
• Boggs, Marie Corinne Morrison Claiborne (Lindy) (1916-2013)
• Boland, Veronica Grace (1899-1982)
• Bolin, Jane Matilda (1908-2007)
• Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham (1885-1977)
• Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ)
• Bonamici, Suzanne (b. 1954)
• Bonney, Mary Lucinda (1816-1900)
• Bonnin, Gertrude Simmons (aka Zitkala-äa, or Red Bird) (1876-1938)
• Bono, Mary (b. 1961)
• Bordallo, Madeleine Mary Zeien (b. 1933)
• Bosone, Reva Zilpha Beck (1895-1983)
• Bowe v. Colgate-Palmolive Company (1969)
• Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)
• Bowring, Eva Kelly (1892-1985)
• Boxer, Barbara Levy (b. 1940)
• Boyda, Nancy (b. 1955)
• Bradwell v. Illinois (1873)
• Bradwell, Myra Colby (1831-1894)
• Brady, Sarah Jane Kemp (1942-2015)
• Bravo, Ellen (b. 1944)
• Bray v. Alexandria Clinic (1993)
• Brazile, Donna Lease (b. 1959)
• Brent, Margaret (ca. 1607-ca. 1671)
• Brewer, Janice Kay (b. 1944)
• Brooks, Susan (b. 1960)
• Brown, Corrine (b. 1946)
• Brown, Elaine (b. 1943)
• Brown, Judie (b. 1944)
• Brown, Kate (b. 1960)
• Brown, Rita Mae (b. 1944)
• Browner, Carol (b. 1955)
• Brownley, Julia (b. 1952)
• Brown-Waite, Virginia (Ginny) (b. 1943)
• Buchanan, Vera Daerr (1902-1955)
• Burdick, Jocelyn Birch (b. 1922)
• Burke, Perle Yvonne Watson Brathwaite (b. 1932)
• Burke, Tarana (b. 1973)
• Burlington Industries v. Ellerth (1998)
• Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co. v. White (2006)
• Burton, Sala Galante (1925-1987)
• Burwell, Sylvia Matthews (b. 1965)
• Bush, Barbara Pierce (1925-2018)
• Bush, Laura Welch (b. 1946)
• Bushfield, Vera Cahalan (1889-1976)
• Business and Professional Women/USA
• Business and Professional Women's Foundation
• Bustos, Cheri (b. 1961)
• Byrne, Leslie Larkin (b. 1946)
• Byrne, Jane Margaret Burke (1934-2014)
• Byron, Beverly Barton Butcher (b. 1932)
• Byron, Katharine Edgar (1903-1976)
• C
• Cabinets, Women in Presidential
• Cable Acts
• Cahill, Mary Beth (b. 1954)
• Califano v. Westcott (1979)
• Calderón, Sila María (b. 1942)
• Caldicott, Helen Broinowski (b. 1938)
• Califano v. Goldfarb (1977)
• California Federal Savings and Loan v. Guerra (1987)
• Cammermeyer, Margarethe (b. 1942)
• Campbell, Bonnie Jean Pierce (b. 1948)
• Cantwell, Maria (b. 1958)
• Capito, Shelley Moore (b. 1953)
• Capps, Lois (b. 1938)
• Caraway, Hattie Ophelia Wyatt (1878-1950)
• Carey v. Population Services International (1977)
• Carlson, Margaret Mary Bresnahan (b. ca. 1945)
• Carnahan, Jean Carpenter (b. 1933)
• Carpenter, Mary Elizabeth (Liz) Sutherland (1920-2010)
• Carson, Julia May Porter (1938-2007)
• Carson, Rachel Louise (1907-1964)
• Carter, Eleanor Rosalynn Smith (b. 1927)
• Castle Rock v. Gonzales (2005)
• Castor, Kathy (b. 1966)
• Castro, Ida L. (b. 1953)
• Catholics for Choice
• Catt, Carrie Clinton Lane Chapman (1859-1947)
• Center for American Women and Politics
• Chao, Elaine Lan (b. 1953)
• Chavez, Linda (b. 1947)
• Chavez-Thompson, Linda (b. 1944)
• Cheney, Liz (b. 1966)
• Chenoweth-Hage, Helen Palmer (1938-2006)
• Child Day Care
• Child Labor Amendment
• Child Support Enforcement
• Child, Lydia Maria Francis (1802-1880)
• Children's Bureau
• Children's Defense Fund
• Chisholm, Shirley Anita St. Hill (1924-2005)
• Christian Coalition of America
• Christian-Christensen, Donna Marie (b. 1945)
• Chu, Judy (b. 1953)
• Church, Marguerite Stitt (1892-1990)
• Citizens’ Advisory Council on the Status of Women
• Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII
• Civil Rights Act of 1991
• Civil Rights Movement, Women in the
• Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1988
• Clark Gray, Georgia Neese (1900-1995)
• Clark, Katherine M. (b. 1963)
• Clark, Septima Poinsette (1898-1987)
• Clarke, Marian Williams (1880-1953)
• Clarke, Yvette Diane (b. 1964)
• Claybrook, Joan (b. 1937)
• Clayton, Eva McPherson (b. 1934)
• Cleaver, Kathleen Neal (b. 1945)
• Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur (1974)
• Clift, Eleanor (b. 1940)
• Clinton v. Jones (1997)
• Clinton, Hillary Diane Rodham (b. 1947)
• Coalition for Women's Appointments
• Coalition of Labor Union Women
• Code Pink
• Coker v. Georgia (1977)
• Colautti v. Franklin (1979)
• Collins, Barbara-Rose (b. 1939)
• Collins, Cardiss Hortense Robertson (1931-2013)
• Collins, Martha Layne Hall (b. 1936)
• Collins, Susan Margaret (b. 1952)
• Colored Women's League
• Comisión Femenil Mexiccana Nacional, Inc.
• Commissions on the Status of Women
• Communist Party, USA
• Comparable Worth
• Comstock, Barbara J. (b. 1959)
• Concerned Women for America
• Congress, Women in
• Congressional Accountability Act of 1995
• Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues
• Congressional Union
• Congresswomen's Caucus
• Consciousness Raising
• Conservatism
• Contreras-Sweet, Maria (b. 1955)
• Conway, Kellyanne Elizabeth Fitzpatrick (b. 1967)
• Corning Glass Works v. Brennan (1974)
• Cortez Masto, Catherine Marie (b. 1964)
• Costanza, Margaret (Midge) (1932-2010)
• Coulter, Ann (b. 1961)
• Council of Presidents
• Council of Women World Leaders
• County of Washington, Oregon v. Gunther (1981)
• Coverture
• Craig v. Boren (1976)
• Craig, Angela (b. 1972)
• Crisp, Mary Dent (1923-2007)
• Croly, Jane Cunningham (1829-1901)
• Crowley, Candy (b. 1948)
• Cubin, Barbara Lynn (b. 1946)
• Cullors, Patrisse (b. 1984)
• D
• Dahlkemper, Kathleen A. (Kathy) (b. 1957)
• Danner, Patsy Ann Berrer (b. 1934)
• Daughters of Bilitis
• Daughters of Liberty
• Davids, Sharice (b. 1980)
• Davis, Angela Yvonne (b. 1944)
• Davis, Jo Ann (1950-2007)
• Davis, Susan A. (b. 1944)
• Day Care Council of America
• Day, Dorothy (1897-1980)
• Dean, Madeleine (b. 1959)
• Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions (1848)
• Decter, Midge Rosenthal (b. 1927)
• Deer, Ada Elizabeth (b. 1935)
• DeGette, Diana Louise (b. 1957)
• DeLauro, Rosa L. (b. 1943)
• DelBene, Suzan (b. 1962)
• Delta Sigma Theta Sorority
• Demings, Valdez Butler (b. 1957)
• Democratic Party, Women in the
• Dennett, Mary Coffin Ware (1872-1947)
• DeVos, Betsy (b. 1958)
• Dewson, Mary (Molly) Williams (1874-1962)
• Diaz v. Pan American World Airways, Inc. (1971)
• Dingell, Debbie (b. 1953)
• Displaced Homemakers
• DiVall, Linda (b. ca. 1953)
• Divorce Law Reform
• Dix, Dorothea Lynde (1802-1887)
• Doe v. Bolton (1973)
• Dole, (Mary) Elizabeth Hanford (b. 1936)
• Domestic Violence
• Dothard v. Rawlinson (1977)
• Douglas, Emily Taft (1899-1994)
• Douglas, Helen Mary Gahagan (1900-1980)
• Douglass, Frederick (1818-1895)
• Drake, Thelma Day (b. 1949)
• Duckworth, Tammy (b. 1968)
• Duniway, Abigail Jane Scott (1834-1915)
• Dunn, Jennifer Blackburn (1941-2007)
• Duren v. Missouri (1979)
• Durr, Virginia Heard Foster (1903-1999)
• Dworkin, Andrea Rita (1946-2005)
• Dwyer, Florence Price (1902-1976)
• E
• Eagle Forum
• East, Catherine Shipe (1916-1996)
• Eastman, Crystal (1881-1928)
• Echaveste, Maria (b. 1954)
• Ecofeminism
• Economic Equity Act
• Edelman, Marian Wright (b. 1939)
• Education Amendments of 1972, Title IX
• Education, Women and
• Edwards, Donna F. (b. 1958)
• Edwards, Elaine Lucille Schwartzenburg (1929-2018)
• Edwards, India Moffett (1895-1990)
• Eisenhuth Alming, Laura J. Kelly (1858-1937)
• Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972)
• Elders, Joycelyn (b. 1933)
• Ellmers, Renee (b. 1964)
• Emerson, Jo Ann (b. 1950)
• EMILY's List
• Employment Discrimination
• English, Karan (b. 1949)
• Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974
• Equal Division Rule
• Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972
• Equal Pay Act of 1963
• Equal Rights Amendment
• Equal Rights Amendments, State
• ERAmerica
• Ernst, Joni (b. 1970)
• Escobar, Veronica (b. 1969)
• Eshoo, Anna Georges (b. 1942)
• Eslick, Willa McCord Blake (1878-1961)
• Esty, Elizabeth Henderson (b. 1959)
• Evans, Jodie (b. 1954)
• Evers-Williams, Myrlie Louise Beasley (b. 1933)
• Executive Order 10980
• Executive Order 11126
• Executive Order 11246
• Executive Order 11375
• F
• Fallin, Mary (b. 1954)
• Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993
• Farenthold, Frances (Sissy) Talton (b. 1926)
• Farrington, Mary Elizabeth Pruett (1898-1984)
• Fauset, Crystal Dreda Bird (1894-1965)
• Federal Women's Program
• Federally Employed Women
• Feinstein, Dianne Goldman (b. 1933)
• Felton, Rebecca Ann Latimer (1835-1930)
• The Feminine Mystique
• Feminist Majority Foundation
• Feminist Movement
• Feministing.com
• Feminists for Life of America
• Feminization of Poverty
• Fenwick, Millicent Hammond (1910-1992)
• Ferguson v. City of Charleston (2001)
• Ferguson, Miriam Amanda Wallace (1875-1961)
• Ferraro, Geraldine Anne (1935-2011)
• Fiedler, Roberta (Bobbi) Frances Horowitz (b. 1937)
• Fifteenth Amendment
• Finkenauer, Abby (b. 1988)
• Finney, Joan Marie McInroy (1925-2001)
• Fischer, Deb (b. 1951)
• Fletcher, Elizabeth (b. 1975)
• Flint Auto Workers’ Strike
• Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley (1890-1964)
• Fonda, Jane Seymour (b. 1937)
• Ford, Elizabeth Ann (Betty) Bloomer (1918-2011)
• Fourteenth Amendment
• Fowler, Tillie Kidd (1942-2005)
• Foxx, Virginia Ann (b. 1943)
• Frahm, Sheila Sloan (b. 1945)
• Frankel, Lois (b. 1948)
• Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992)
• Franklin, Barbara Hackman (b. 1940)
• Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act of 1994
• Friedan, Betty Naomi Goldstein (1921-2006)
• Frontiero v. Richardson (1973)
• Fudge, Marcia L. (b. 1952)
• Fulani, Lenora Branch (b. ca. 1950)
• Fuller, Margaret (1810-1850)
• Fulmer, Willa Lybrand (1884-1968)
• Furse, Elizabeth (b. 1936)
• Futrell, Mary Alice Franklin Hatwood (b. 1940)
• G
• Gabbard, Tulsi (b. 1981)
• Gage, Matilda Joslyn (1826-1898)
• Garcia, Sylvia (b. 1950)
• Garza, Alicia (b. 1981)
• Gasque Van Exem, Elizabeth Mills Hawley (1886-1989)
• Geduldig v. Aiello (1974)
• Gender Gap
• General Electric v. Gilbert (1976)
• General Federation of Women's Clubs
• Gibbs, Florence Reville (1890-1964)
• Gibbs, Lois Marie Conn (b. 1951)
• Giffords, Gabrielle (b. 1970)
• Gillibrand, Kirsten (b. 1966)
• Gilman, Charlotte Perkins (1860-1935)
• Ginsburg, Ruth Joan Bader (b. 1933)
• Glaser, Vera (1916-2008)
• Glass Ceiling Commission
• Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft
• Goesaert v. Cleary (1948)
• Goldman, Emma (1869-1940)
• Gonzales, Attorney General v. Carhart et al. (2007)
• González-Colón, Jenniffer (b. 1976)
• Goodman, Amy (b. 1957)
• Goodwin, Doris Kearns (b. 1943)
• Governors, Women
• Graham, Gwendolyn (Gwen) (b. 1963)
• Granahan, Kathryn Elizabeth O'Hay (1894-1979)
• Granger, Kay (b. 1943)
• Granholm, Jennifer Mulhern (b. 1959)
• Grasso, Ella Rosa Giovanna Oliva Tambussi (1919-1981)
• Gratz et al. v. Bollinger (2003)
• Graves, Dixie Bibb (1882-1965)
• Green Party USA
• Green, Edith Louise Starrett (1910-1987)
• Greene Mickelson, Enid (b. 1958)
• Greenway King, Isabella Selmes (1886-1953)
• Gregoire, Christine O'Grady (b. 1947)
• Griffiths, Martha Edna Wright (1912-2003)
• Grimké, Angelina Emily (1805-1879) and Sarah Moore (1792-1873)
• Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
• Grove City College v. Bell (1984)
• Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
• Guinier, Carol Lani (b. 1950)
• H
• H.L. v. Matheson (1984)
• Haaland, Debra (b. 1960)
• Hagan, Kay R. (b. 1953)
• Hahn, Janice (b. 1952)
• Haley, Nimrata (Nikki) Randhawa (b. 1972)
• Hall, Katie Beatrice Green (1938-2012)
• Halvorson, Deborah L. DeFrancesco (b. 1958)
• Hamer, Fannie Lou Townsend (1917-1977)
• Hanabusa, Colleen (b. 1951)
• Handel, Karen (b. 1962)
• Hansen, Julia Caroline Butler (1907-1988)
• Harden, Cecil Murray (1894-1984)
• Harman, Jane Frank (b. 1945)
• Harris v. Forklift Systems (1993)
• Harris v. McRae (1980)
• Harris, Kamala Devi (b. 1964)
• Harris, Katherine (b. 1957)
• Harris, LaDonna (b. 1931)
• Harris, Patricia Roberts (1924-1985)
• Harriman, Pamela Beryl Digby Churchill Hayward (1920-1997)
• Hart, Melissa Anne (b. 1962)
• Hartzler, Vicky (b. 1960)
• Hassan, Margaret (Maggie) Wood (b. 1958)
• Hawkins, Paula Fickes (1927-2009)
• Hayes, Jahana (b. 1973)
• Hayworth, Nan (b. 1959)
• Health Care, Women and
• Heckler, Margaret Mary O'Shaughnessy (b. 1931)
• Height, Dorothy Irene (1912-2010)
• Heitkamp, Mary Kathryn (Heidi) (b. 1955)
• Henderson, Hazel Mustard (b. 1933)
• Herman, Alexis Margaret (b. 1947)
• Hernandez, Aileen Clarke (1926-2017)
• Herrera Beutler, Jaime (b. 1978)
• Herseth Sandlin, Stephanie (b. 1970)
• Hicks, (Anna) Louise Day (1916-2003)
• Hill, Anita Faye (b. 1956)
• Hill, Julia “Butterfly” (b. 1974)
• Hill, Katie (b. 1987)
• Hills, Carla Helen Anderson (b. 1934)
• Hirono, Mazie K. (b. 1947)
• Hishon v. King and Spalding (1984)
• Hobby, Oveta Culp (1905-1995)
• Hochul, Kathleen C. (b. 1958)
• Hodgson v. Minnesota (1990)
• Hoff, Joan (b. 1939)
• Hollister, Nancy Putnam (b. 1949)
• Holt, Marjorie Sewell (1920-2018)
• Holtzman, Elizabeth (b. 1941)
• Honeyman, Nan Wood (1881-1970)
• hooks, bell (née Gloria Watkins) (b. 1952)
• Hooley, Darlene (b. 1939)
• Horn, Joan Kelly (b. 1936)
• Horn, Kendra (1976)
• Houlahan, Christina (Chrissy) (b. 1967)
• Howe, Julia Ward (1819-1910)
• Hoyt v. Florida (1961)
• Huck, Winnifred Sprague Mason (1882-1936)
• Huerta, Dolores Clara Fernandez (b. 1930)
• Huffington, Arianna Stassinopoulos (b. 1950)
• Hufstedler, Shirley Ann Mount (1925-2016)
• Hughes, Karen Parfitt (b. 1956)
• Hull, Jane Dee Bowersock (b. 1935)
• Human Trafficking
• Humphrey Brown, Muriel Fay Buck (1912-1998)
• Hurley, Ruby (1909-1980)
• Hutchinson, Anne Marbury (1591 -1643)
• Hutchison, Kathryn (Kay) Ann Bailey (b. 1943)
• Hyde, Henry John (1924-2007)
• Hyde-Smith, Cindy (b. 1959)
• I
• Ifill, Gwen (1955-2016)
• Independent Women's Forum
• Ireland, Patricia (b. 1945)
• Ivey, Kay (b. 1944)
• Ivins, Molly Tyler (1944-2007)
• J
• J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel T.B. (1994)
• Jackson Lee, Sheila (b. 1950)
• Jackson, Lisa (b. 1962)
• Jarrett, Valerie Bowman (b. 1956)
• Jayapal, Pramila (b. 1965)
• Jenckes, Virginia Ellis (1877-1975)
• Jenkins, Lynn (b. 1963)
• Jewell, Sally (b. 1956)
• Johnson v. Transportation Agency of Santa Clara County (1987)
• Johnson, Eddie Bernice (b. 1935)
• Johnson, Claudia Alta (Lady Bird) Taylor (1912-2007)
• Johnson, Nancy Lee (b. 1935)
• Jones, Brenda (b. 1959)
• Jones, Elaine R. (b. 1944)
• Jones, Stephanie Tubbs (1949-2008)
• Jordan, Barbara Charline (1936-1996)
• Judges, Women
• Jumper, Betty Mae Tiger (1923-2011)
• Juneau, Denise (b. 1967)
• Juries, Women on
• K
• Kagan, Elena (b. 1960)
• Kahn, Florence Prag (1868-1948)
• Kaptur, Marcia (Marcy) Carolyn (b. 1946)
• Kassebaum Baker, Nancy Landon (b. 1932)
• Kee, Maude Elizabeth Simpkins (1895-1975)
• Kelley, Florence (1859-1932)
• Kelly, Edna Patricia Kathleen Flannery (1906-1997)
• Kelly, Laura (b. 1950)
• Kelly, Robin L. (b. 1956)
• Kelly, Sue W. (b. 1936)
• Kennedy, Claudia Jean (b. 1947)
• Kennedy, Florynce Rae (1916-2000)
• Kennedy, Jacqueline Bouvier
• Kennelly, Barbara Bailey (b. 1936)
• Keys, Martha Elizabeth Ludwig (b. 1930)
• Kilpatrick, Carolyn Jean Cheeks (b. 1945)
• Kilroy, Mary Jo (b. 1949)
• King, Coretta Scott (1927-2006)
• King, Mary Elizabeth (b. 1940)
• Kirchberg v. Feenstra (1981)
• Kirkpatrick, Ann (b. 1950)
• Kirkpatrick, Jeane Duane Jordan (1926-2006)
• Kissling, Frances (b. 1943)
• Klobuchar, Amy (b. 1960)
• Knutson, Coya Gjesdal (1912-1996)
• Koontz, Elizabeth Duncan (1919-1989)
• Kosmas, Suzanne McDonald (b. 1944)
• Kreps, Juanita Morris (1921-2010)
• Kuhn, Margaret (Maggie) E. (1905-1995)
• Kumar, Maria Teresa (b. 1974)
• Kunin, Madeleine May (b. 1933)
• Kuster, Ann McLane (b. 1956)
• L
• La Flesche, Susette (1854-1903)
• Lachance, Janice Rachel (b. 1953)
• LaDuke, Winona (b. 1959)
• Lake, Celinda (b. 1953)
• Lampkin, Daisy Elizabeth Adams (ca. 1884-1965)
• Landes, Bertha Ethel Knight (1868-1943)
• Landrieu, Mary (b. 1955)
• Langley, Katherine Gudger (1888-1948)
• Lathrop, Julia (1858-1932)
• Lawrence Textile Mill Strike
• Lawrence, Brenda L. (b. 1954)
• League of Women Voters
• Lease, Mary Elizabeth Clyens (1850-1933)
• Ledbetter, Lilly (b. 1938)
• Lee, Barbara (b. 1946)
• Lee, Susie (b. 1966)
• Lesbian Rights
• Lesko, Debbie (b. 1958)
• Lewis, Ann Frank (b. 1937)
• Liasson, Mara (b. 1955)
• Liberalism
• Lightfoot, Lori E. (b. 1962)
• Liliuokalani (1838-1917)
• Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009
• Lilly M. Ledbetter, Petitioner v. The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Inc. (2007)
• Lincoln, Blanche Lambert (b. 1960)
• Lingle, Linda Cutter (b. ca. 1953)
• Liswood, Laura (b. 1950)
• Lloyd Bouquard, Rachel Marilyn Laird (1929-2018)
• Lockwood, Belva Ann Bennett McNall (1830-1917)
• Lofgren, Zoe (b. 1947)
• Long Island Care at Home, Ltd. v. Coke 127 S. Ct. 2339 (2007)
• Long Thompson, Jill Lynnette (b. 1952)
• Long, Catherine Small (b. 1924)
• Long, Rose McConnell (1892-1970)
• Los Angeles Department of Water and Power v. Manhart (1978)
• Louchheim, Kathleen (Katie) Scofield (1903-1991)
• Love, Ludmya Bourdeau (Mia) (b. 1975)
• Lowey, Nita Melnikoff (b. 1937)
• Luce, Clare Boothe (1903-1987)
• Lujan Grisham, Michelle (b. 1959)
• Lummis, Cynthia (b. 1954)
• Luria, Elaine (b. 1975)
• Lusk, Georgia Lee Witt (1893-1971)
• Lynch, Loretta Elizabeth (b. 1959)
• Lyon, Phyllis (b. 1924)
• M
• MacKinnon, Catharine Alice (b. 1946)
• Madar, Olga Marie (1916-1996)
• Maher v. Roe (1977)
• Majette, Denise L (b. 1955)
• Malcolm, Ellen Reighley (b. 1947)
• Maloney, Carolyn Bosher (b. 1948)
• ΜΑΝΑ, a National Latina Organization
• Mankiller, Wilma Pearl (1945-2010)
• Mankin, Helen Douglas (1894-1956)
• Margolies-Mezvinsky, Marjorie (b. 1942)
• Marin, Rosario (b. 1958)
• Markey, Betsy (b. 1956)
• Married Women's Property Acts
• Martin, Dorothy Taliaferro “Del” (1921-2008)
• Martin, Judith Lynn Morley (b. 1939)
• Martin, Marion E. (1900-1987)
• Martinez, Susana (b. 1959)
• Martz, Judy (b. 1943)
• Matalin, Mary Joe (b. 1953)
• Matsui, Doris Okada (b. 1944)
• May, Catherine Dean Barnes (1914-2004)
• McBath, Lucy (b. 1960)
• McCabe, Jewell Jackson (b. 1945)
• McCarthy, Carolyn (b. 1944)
• McCarthy, Gina (b. 1954)
• McCarthy, Karen (1947-2010)
• McCarty v. McCarty (1980)
• McCaskill, Claire (b. 1953)
• McCollum, Betty (b. 1954)
• McCormack, Ellen (née Eleanor Rose) Cullen (1926-2011)
• McCormick Simms, Ruth Hanna (1880-1944)
• McKinney, Cynthia Ann (b. 1955)
• McLaughlin Korologos, Ann Dore Lauenstein (b. 1941)
• McMahon, Linda E. (b. 1948)
• McMillan, Clara Gooding (1894-1976)
• McMorris Rodgers, Cathy Anne (b. 1969)
• McSally, Martha (b. 1966)
• Meek, Carrie Pittman (b. 1926)
• Meissner, Doris Marie (b. 1941)
• Meng, Grace (b. 1975)
• Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson (1986)
• #metoo
• Meyers, Jan Lenore Crilly (b. 1928)
• Meyner, Helen Day Stevenson (1929-1997)
• Mifepristone (RU-486)
• Mikulski, Barbara Ann (b. 1936)
• Military, Women in the
• Millender-McDonald, Juanita (1938-2007)
• Miller, Candice S. (b. 1954)
• Miller, Carol (b. 1950)
• Miller, Laura (b. 1958)
• Millett, Katherine (Kate) Murray (1934-2017)
• Mills, Janet Trafton (b. 1947)
• Mills, Karen Gordon (b. 1953)
• Mink, Patsy Matsu Takemoto (1927-2002)
• Minner, Ruth Ann Coverdale (b. 1935)
• Minor v. Happersett (1875)
• Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan (1982)
• Mofford, Rose Perica (1922-2016)
• Molinari, Susan (b. 1958)
• Moore, Gwendolynne S. (b. 1951)
• Moore, Minyon (b. 1958)
• Morella, Constance Albanese (b. 1931)
• Moseley Braun, Carol (b. 1947)
• Moskowitz, Belle Lindner Israels (1877-1933)
• Motley, Constance Baker (1921-2005)
• Mott, Lucretia Coffin (1793-1880)
• Ms. Foundation for Women
• Ms. Magazine
• Mucarsel-Powell, Debbie (b. 1971)
• Muller v. Oregon (1908)
• Munoz, Cecilia (b. 1962)
• Murkowski, Lisa (b. 1957)
• Murphy, Stephanie (b. 1978)
• Murray, Patty Johns (b. 1950)
• Murray, Pauli (1910-1985)
• Musgrave, Marilyn N. (b. 1949)
• Myers, Margaret Jane (Dee Dee) (b. 1961)
• Myrick, Sue (b. 1941)
• N
• 9to5, National Association of Working Women
• National Association of Colored Women's Clubs, Inc.
• Napolitano, Grace Flores (b. 1936)
• Napolitano, Janet Ann (b. 1957)
• NARAL Pro-Choice America
• Nashville Gas Co. v. Satty (1977)
• National Advisory Committee for Women
• National American Woman Suffrage Association
• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Women in the
• National Association of Commissions for Women
• National Center for Lesbian Rights
• National Coalition Against Domestic Violence
• National Coalition of 100 Black Women
• National Commission on the Observance of International Women's Year, 1975
• National Committee on Pay Equity
• National Committee to Defeat the UnEqual Rights Amendment
• National Conference of Puerto Rican Women
• National Congress of Black Women
• National Consumers League
• National Council of Jewish Women
• National Council of Negro Women
• National Federation of Afro-American Women
• National Federation of Republican Women
• National Gender Balance Project USA
• National League of Republican Colored Women
• National Organization for Women
• National Organization of Black Elected Legislative Women
• National Right to Life Committee
• National Welfare Rights Organization
• National Woman Suffrage Association
• National Woman's Loyal League
• National Woman's Party
• National Women's Conference Committee
• National Women's Conference
• National Women's Law Center
• National Women's Political Caucus
• Natividad, Irene (b. 1948)
• Navarro, Ana (b. 1971)
• Negrete McLeod, Gloria (b. 1941)
• Neuberger, Maurine Brown (1907-2000)
• New York Radical Women
• News Media, Women Politicians and
• Nielsen, Kirstjen Michele (b. 1972)
• Nineteenth Amendment
• Nixon, Patricia Ryan (1912-1993)
• Noem, Kristi (b. 1971)
• Nolan, Mae Ella Hunt (1886-1973)
• Norrell, Catherine Dorris (1901-1981)
• Northup, Anne Meagher (b. 1948)
• Norton, Eleanor Holmes (b. 1937)
• Norton, Gale (b. 1954)
• Norton, Mary Teresa Hopkins (1875-1959)
• Novello, Antonia Coello (b. 1944)
• NOW v. Scheidler (1994) (2003) (2006)
• Nussbaum, Karen (b. 1950)
• O
• Oakar, Mary Rose (b. 1940)
• Obama, Michelle Robinson (b. 1964)
• O'Beirne, Kate (1949-2017)
• Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria (b. 1989)
• O'Connor, Sandra Day (b. 1930)
• O'Day, Caroline Love Goodwin (1875-1943)
• Office of Women's Initiatives and Outreach
• O'Hare, Kathleen Richards (1876-1948)
• Ohio v. Akron Center (1990)
• O'Laughlin, Kathryn Ellen McCarthy (1894-1952)
• Oldfield, Pearl Peden (1876-1962)
• O'Leary, Hazel Rollins (b. 1937)
• Omar, Ilhan (b. 1981)
• Onassis, Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy (1929-1994)
• Operation Rescue
• Organization en California de Lideres Campesinas (Farmworker Women's Organization in California)
• Orr v. Orr (1979)
• Orr, Kay Avonne Stark (b. 1939)
• Ortega, Katherine Davalos (b. 1934)
• Owen Rohde, Ruth Bryan (1885-1954)
• P
• Palin, Sarah (b. 1964)
• Park, Maud Wood (1871-1955)
• Parker, Annise (b. 1956)
• Parks, Rosa Louise McCauley (1913-2005)
• Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003
• Patterson, Elizabeth Johnston (1939-2018)
• Paul, Alice (1885-1977)
• Pay Equity
• Peace Movement
• Pelosi, Nancy Β. (b. 1940)
• Pennsylvania State Police v. Suders (2004)
• Perdue, Beverly M. (b. 1947)
• Perkins, Frances (Fanny) Corlie (1882-1965)
• Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
• Personnel Administrator of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Feeney (1979)
• Peters, Mary E. (b. 1948)
• Peterson, Esther (1906-1997)
• Pettis Roberson, Shirley Neil McCumber (1924-2016)
• Pfost, Gracie Bowers (1906-1965)
• Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corporation (1971)
• Pingree, Chellie Johnson (b. 1955)
• Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations (1973)
• Planned Parenthood Association of Kansas City, Mo. v. Ashcroft (1983)
• Planned Parenthood Federation of America
• Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth (1976)
• Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey (1992)
• Plaskett, Stacey E. (b. 1966)
• Poelker v. Doe (1977)
• Pornography
• Porter, Katie (b. 1974)
• Poverty
• Power, Samantha (b. 1970)
• Pratt, Eliza Jane (1902-1981)
• Pratt, Ruth Sears Baker (1877-1965)
• Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978
• President and Vice President, Women Candidates for
• President's Commission on the Status of Women
• President's Interagency Council on Women
• President's Task Force on Women's Rights and Responsibilities
• Pressley, Ayanna (b. 1974)
• Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins (1989)
• Priest, Ivy Maude Baker (1905-1975)
• Pritzker, Penny (b. 1956)
• Progressive Party, Women in the
• Pro-Life Action League
• Protective Legislation
• Pryce, Deborah D. (b. 1951)
• Public Offices, Women Elected to
• Public Speaking
• Pyle, Gladys (1890-1989)
• Q
• Quaker Women
• Quinton, Amelia Stone (1833-1926)
• R
• Racial Discrimination
• Radewagen, Amata Catherine Coleman (b. 1947)
• Radicalesbians
• Raimondo, Gina M. (b. 1971)
• Rankin, Jeannette Pickering (1880-1973)
• Rape
• Ray, Dixy Lee (1914-1994)
• Reagan, Anne Francis “Nancy” Robbins Davis (1921-2016)
• Redstockings
• Reece, Louise Goff (1898-1970)
• Reed v. Reed (1971)
• Reid, Charlotte Leota Thompson (1913-2007)
• Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice
• Rell, M. Jodi (b. 1946)
• Reno, Janet (1938-2016)
• Reproductive Rights
• Republican Party, Women in the
• Republicans for Choice
• Reynolds, Kim (b. 1959)
• Rice, Condoleezza (b. 1954)
• Rice, Kathleen Maura (b. 1965)
• Rice, Susan E. (b. 1964)
• Richards, Ann Willis (1933-2006)
• Richards, Cecile (b. 1957)
• Richardson, Laura (b. 1962)
• Riley, Corrine Boyd (1893-1979)
• Rivers, Lynn Nancy (b. 1956)
• Rivlin, Alice Mitchell (b. 1931-2019)
• Roberts v. United States Jaycees (1984)
• Roberts, Barbara Hughey (b. 1936)
• Roberts, Mary Martha Corinne Morrison Claiborne Boggs (Cokie) (b. 1943)
• Robertson, Alice Mary (1854-1931)
• Robinson, Ruby Doris Smith (1942-1967)
• Roby, Martha (b. 1976)
• Roe v. Wade (1973)
• Rogers, Edith Frances Nourse (1881-1960)
• Romer, Christina (b. 1958)
• Roosevelt, Eleanor (1884-1962)
• Rosen, Jacklyn Sheryl (Jacky) (b. 1957)
• Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana (b. 1952)
• Ross, Nellie Tayloe (1876-1977)
• Rostker v. Goldberg (1981)
• Roukema, Margaret Scafati (1929-2014)
• Roy, Vesta M. (1925-2002)
• Roybal-Allard, Lucille (b. 1941)
• Ruffin, Josephine St. Pierre (1842-1924)
• Rust v. Sullivan (1991)
• S
• Saiki, Patricia Fukuda (b. 1930)
• Salter, Susanna Madora Kinsey (1860-1961)
• Sánchez, Linda T. (b. 1969)
• Sanchez, Loretta (b. 1960)
• Sanders, Sarah Huckabee (b. 1982)
• Sanger, Margaret Louise Higgins (1879-1966)
• Sayles Belton, Sharon (b. 1951)
• Scanlon, Mary Gay (b. 1959)
• Schakowsky, Janice D. (b. 1944)
• Schenk, Lynn (b. 1945)
• Schlafly, Phyllis Stewart (1924-2016)
• Schmidt, Jean (b. 1951)
• Schneider, Claudine Cmarada (b. 1947)
• Schrier, Kim (b. 1968)
• Schroeder, Patricia Nell Scott (b. 1940)
• Schwab, Susan C. (b. 1955)
• Scwartz, Allyson Y. (b. 1948)
• Seastrand, Andrea Ciszek (b. 1941)
• Sebelius, Kathleen Gilligan (b. 1948)
• Sekula Gibbs, Shelley (b. 1953)
• Seneca Falls Convention
• Separate Spheres
• Sewell, Terri (b. 1965)
• Sex Discrimination
• Sexual Harassment
• Shabazz, Hajj Bahiyah (Betty) Sanders (1936-1997)
• Shaheen, Jeanne (b. 1947)
• Shalala, Donna Edna (b. 1941)
• Shaw, Anna Howard (1847-1919)
• Shea-Porter, Carol (b. 1952)
• Shepherd, Karen (b. 1940)
• Sheppard-Towner Maternity and Infancy Protection Act of 1921
• Sherrill, Mikie (b. 1972)
• Shirtwaist Workers Strike
• Simmons, Althea T.L. (1924-1990)
• Simpson, Edna Oakes (1891-1984)
• Sinema, Kyrsten (b. 1976)
• Slaughter, Louise McIntosh (1929-2018)
• Slotkin, Elissa (b. 1976)
• Smeal, Eleanor Cutri (b. 1939)
• Smith, Howard Worth (1883-1976)
• Smith, Linda Ann Simpson (b. 1950)
• Smith, Margaret Madeline Chase (1897-1995)
• Smith, Mary Louise (1914-1997)
• Smith, Tina (b. 1958)
• Smith, Virginia Dodd (1911-2006)
• Snowe, Olympia Jean Bouchles (b. 1947)
• Social Security
• Socialism
• Solis, Hilda (b. 1957)
• Sotomayor, Sonia (b. 1954)
• Spanberger, Abigail (b. 1979)
• Speier, Karen Lorraine Jacqueline (Jackie) (b. 1950)
• Spellings, Margaret Dudar La Montagne (b. 1957)
• Spellman, Gladys Blossom Noon (1918-1988)
• Spider Web
• St. George, Katharine Delano Price Collier (1894-1983)
• Stabenow, Deborah Ann (b. 1950)
• Stalking
• Stanley, Winifred Claire (1909-1996)
• Stanton v. Stanton (1975)
• Stanton, Elizabeth Cady (1815-1902)
• State Legislatures, Women in
• Stefanik, Elise M. (b. 1984)
• Steinem, Gloria Marie (b. 1934)
• Stenberg, Attorney General of Nebraska, et al. v. Carhart (2000)
• Stevens, Haley (b. 1983)
• Stewart, Maria W. (1803-1879)
• Stone, Lucy (1818-1893)
• Stop ERA
• Stowe, Harriet Elizabeth Beecher (1811-1896)
• Strauder v. West Virginia (1879)
• Strauss, Annette Greenfield (1924-1998)
• Suffrage
• Sullivan, Leonor Kretzer (1902-1988)
• Sumner, Jessie (1898-1994)
• Susan B. Anthony List
• Sutton, Betty (b. 1963)
• Swift, Jane (b. 1965)
• T
• Talbert, Mary Morris Burnett (1866-1923)
• Tauscher, Ellen O'Kane (b. 1951)
• Taylor v. Louisiana (1975)
• Tea Party
• Temperance Movement, Women in the
• Tenney, Claudia (b. 1961)
• Terrell, Mary Eliza Church (1863-1954)
• Thomas, Helen Amelia (1920-2013)
• Thomas, Lera Millard (1900-1993)
• Thompson, Ruth (1887-1970)
• Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (1986)
• Thurman, Karen Loveland (b. 1951)
• Titus, Alice Constandina (Dina) (b. 1950)
• Tlaib, Rashida (b. 1976)
• Tometi, Opal (b. 1984)
• Torres Small, Xochitl (b. 1984)
• Torres, Norma Judith (b. 1965)
• Trahan, Lori (b. 1973)
• Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire
• Truth, Sojourner (ca. 1797-1883)
• Tsongas, Nicola S. (Niki) (b. 1946)
• Tubman, Harriet (ca. 1820-1913)
• Tyson, Laura D'Andrea (b. 1947)
• U
• UAW v. Johnson Controls (1991)
• Underwood, Lauren (b. 1986)
• United States v. Morrison (2000)
• United States v. Virginia (1996)
• University of California Regents v. Bakke (1978)
• Unsoeld, Jolene Bishoprick (b. 1931)
• Upton, Harriet Taylor (1853-1945)
• V
• Void, Urvashi (b. 1958)
• Veláquez, Nydia Margarita (b. 1953)
• Veneman, Ann (b. 1949)
• Veterans’ Preference
• Vilmain, Teresa (b. 1958)
• Violence Against Women Act of 1994, 2000, and 2005
• Violence Against Women Office
• Voting Rights Act of 1965
• Vucanovich, Barbara Farrell (1921-2013)
• W
• Wagner, Ann (b. 1962)
• Wald, Lillian D. (1867-1940)
• Waldholtz, Enid Greene
• Walker, Olene (1930-2015)
• Wallace, Lurleen Burns (1926-1968)
• Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes et al. (2011)
• Walorski, Jackie (b. 1963)
• Walters, Mimi (b. 1962)
• Warren, Elizabeth (b. 1949)
• Wasserman Schultz, Debbie (b. 1966)
• Waters, Maxine Moore Carr (b. 1938)
• Watson Coleman, Bonnie (b. 1945)
• Watson, Barbara Mae (1918-1983)
• Watson, Diane Edith (b. 1933)
• Wattleton, Alyce Faye (b. 1943)
• Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)
• Weddington, Sarah Ragle (b. 1945)
• Weeks v. Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Company (1969)
• Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld (1975)
• Weis, Jessica McCullough (1901-1963)
• Welfare
• Wells-Barnett, Ida Bell (1862-1931)
• West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish (1937)
• Westwood, Frances Jean Miles (1923-1997)
• Wexler, Anne Levy (1930-2009)
• Wexton, Jennifer (b. 1968)
• White House Council on Women and Girls
• Whitman, Christine Todd (b. 1946)
• Whitmer, Gretchen (b. 1971)
• Whitmire, Kathryn Jean (b. 1946)
• Widnall, Sheila Evans (b. 1938)
• Wild, Susan (b. 1957)
• Willard, Frances Elizabeth Caroline (1839-1898)
• Willebrandt, Mabel Walker (1889-1963)
• Williams v. Zbaraz (1980)
• Wilson, Diane (b.ca. 1949)
• Wilson, Edith Bolling Galt (1872-1961)
• Wilson, Frederica (b. 1942)
• Wilson, Heather (b. 1960)
• Wingo, Effiegene Locke (1883-1962)
• WISH List
• Wollstonecraft, Mary (1759-1797)
• Woman's Christian Temperance Union
• Woman's National Loyal League
• Woman's Peace Party
• Women in Apprenticeship and Nontraditional Occupations Act of 1992
• Women of Color Policy Network
• Women Strike for Peace
• Women Under Forty Political Action Committee
• Women Work! The National Network for Women's Employment
• WomenHeart: The National Coalition for Women with Heart Disease
• Women's Action for New Directions
• Women's Bureau
• Women's Campaign Fund
• Women's Congressional Policy Institute
• Women's Educational Equity Act of 1974
• Women's Equity Action League
• Women's Health Equity Act
• Women's Health, Office of Research on
• Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
• Women's Joint Congressional Committee
• Women's Liberation Movement
• Women's March
• Women's Political Council
• Women's Political Union
• Women's Trade Union League
• Woodhouse, Chase Going (1890-1984)
• Woodhull, Victoria Claflin (1838-1927)
• Woodruff, Judy Carline (b. 1946)
• Woolsey, Lynn (b. 1937)
• Wright, Frances (Fanny) (1795-1852)
• Y
• Year of the Woman
• Yellen, Janet L. (b. 1946)
• #YouKnowMe
• YWCA of the USA
• Z
• Zeilinger, Julie (b. 1993)
• Appendix 1: Documents
• Women's Rights
• Americans have disagreed about the place of women in the nation's life, politics, and economy, rarely coming to an agreement on these roles. From the time of the world's first women's rights convention in 1848 to the present, the debate has been vigorous and energetic and the division of opinion has not been along gender lines. While some women organized the campaigns for woman suffrage, the Equal Rights Amendment, and legal abortions, others have been equally ardent in their opposition to these issues. At the same time, a number of men have been devoted supporters of these causes, with an equal number who have been outspoken opponents to them. Regarding state and federal policies, no law has passed a state or federal legislative body in this country without the votes of male legislators.
• Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
• Speech After Being Convicted of Voting in the 1872 Presidential Election
• Birth Control-A Parents’ Problem or Woman's?
• Equal Rights for Women
• National Women's Conference Plan of Action
• Address to Feminists for Life of America
• Eyewitness: Beating the Bra Burners
• Incrementalism Versus the Ketchup Bottle: Women's Progress in Politics
• So Much We Can Do: A Nation of Leaders
• Women's March Agenda 2019
• Political Parties and Agendas
• American women have sought their places in the country's political life since the Daughters of Liberty boycotted English products at the end of the colonial era. Persistent attempts to obtain political office, to change the nation's priorities, and to be heard as full citizens can seen in the documents below. This section is bracketed by Victoria Woodhull's hopeless attempt to become president of the United States and Hillary Clinton's viable candidacy for the Democratic nomination.
• I Announce Myself As A Candidate for the Presidency
• The Problem That Has No Name
• Chicanas Speak Out. Women: New Voices of La Raza
• A New Beginning: A New Dedication
• Educating the Black Child: Our Past and Our Future
• The Indigenous Women's Network: Our Future, Our Responsibility
• It's the Family, Stupid!
• Address to the Democratic National Convention
• Acceptance Speech at the Republication National Convention
• Racism and Discrimination
• Racism and discrimination are ongoing blights on America's vitality, depriving the country of great talent. The documents in this section explore the wide-ranging forms of racism and discrimination burdening the nation, from racial prejudice in the early 20th Century to ethnic and sex discrimination that exists today.
• Child Labor and Woman Suffrage
• What It Means to be Colored in the Capital of the U.S
• Seeking a Link with the Past
• Title IX, Education Amendments of 1972
• Dolores Huerta Talks
• Sexual Harassment: The Nature of the Beast
• Statement on Equal Pay Day
• The Changing Face of Rural Communities
• Presidential Appointees
• Research demonstrates that the gender, ethnicity, and backgrounds of people in decision making positions influence the questions that are raised, the issues that are addressed, and the resolutions reached. In other words, when women and women of color are part of the decision making process, women's issues will receive more and different attention than when women and women of color are not decision makers. This is true not only at every level of policymaking and in the courts, but also at the level of presidential appointees. Documents in this section provide examples of issues receiving attention from female administrators.
• Remarks to the First National Summit on the Advancement of Girls in Math and Science
• Announcements: Women's Contracting Rule and National Women's Business Council Chair
• Bridging Connection Technologies and Sustainable Development
• Women in the Military
• Women have served in the American military and fought in combat since the Revolutionary War, but most military women have served as nurses and done clerical tasks. Women, however, have challenged the limitations placed on women's service, especially in the late twentieth century and the early twentyfirst century. In January 2013, restrictions were lifted regarding women fighting on the front lines of combat, not without controversy. Another controversial issue is the military's inability to devise policies that reduce the sexual harassment and the sexual assaults on female military personnel.
• Should Women be Barred from Combat Positions?
• Defense Department Expands Women's Combat Role
• DoD Releases Annual Report on Sexual Assault in Military
• Appendix 2: Facts and Statistics
• Table A.1 Number of Women in Congress
• Table A.2 Women of Color in Elective Office 1965-2019
• Table A.3 Women in Congressional Leadership Roles
• Table A.4 Women Appointed to Cabinet Positions
• Table A.5 Women in State Legislatures (1895-2019)
• Table A.6 History of Women Governors
• Table A.7 Firsts for Women in U.S. Politics (1848-2019)
• Table A.8 Firsts for Women in the Law Profession and the Courts (1869-2015)
• Chronology
• Bibliography