This updated and expanded major reference work advances the field by pushing and creating new boundaries and areas of study that further our understanding of adolescents and their place in society.

Table of Contents

• Preface to Second Edition
• Preface to First Edition
• Editors and Contributors
• A
• Abandonment
• Abnormality
• Abortion Counseling
• Abortion Rights
• Abstention
• Abstinence
• Abstinence Education
• Academic Achievement: Contextual Influences
• Academic Self-Efficacy
• Acculturation
• Achievement Motivation
• Achievement Tests
• Acting Out
• Activism
• Acute Brain Disorders
• Adaptation
• Addiction
• Adjudicative Competence
• Adjustment
• Adjustment Disorder
• Adolescent Crisis
• Adolescent Stress and Coping in the Context of Poverty
• Adolescent Turmoil
• Adoption
• Adoption and Safe Families Act
• Adrenarche
• Advertising: Do Not Buy That
• Affirmation
• Affirmative Action
• Affluent Youth
• African American Children in Kinship Care
• Age of Consent, Majority, and License
• Agency
• Aggression
• Agreeableness
• Aid to Families with Dependent Children
• Alcohol Use
• Alcohol Use Disorders
• Alcoholics Anonymous
• Alternative Schools
• Altruism
• Amicus Brief
• Amusement Sites and Adolescents’ Rights
• Anger
• Animal Cruelty by Juveniles
• Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Anxiety Disorders
• Anxiety Sensitivity
• Appeal
• Apprenticeships
• Arranged Marriage
• Art Therapy
• Asperger Syndrome
• Assault
• Assimilation
• Assimilative Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
• Assortative Mating
• Athletic Programs and Title IX
• Attachment During Adolescence
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• Authenticity in Relationships
• Autism
• Autism Spectrum Disorders
• Auto Theft
• Autonomy and Its Assessment
• B
• Babysitting
• Bail
• Bariatric Surgery
• Battered Child Syndrome
• Belief in a Just World
• Bereavement
• Best Friends
• Best Interests of the Child
• Betrayal
• Bicultural Stress
• Bilingual Education Programming
• Bilingual Education Rights
• Bill of Rights
• Binge and Loss of Control Eating During Adolescence
• Binge Drinking
• Bioethics
• Bipolar Disorder
• Birth Control
• Bisexuality
• Blindness and Visual Impairment
• Boarding Schools
• Body Image
• Body Image Assessments
• Boot Camps
• Borderline Personality Disorder
• Boredom
• Brain Maturation
• Bullying and School Violence Interventions
• Bullying Risks and Consequences
• Burdens of Proof in Juvenile Courts
• Bystander Action
• C
• Caffeine Intoxication
• Caffeine Use
• Callous-Unemotional Traits
• Cancer
• Cerebellum
• Cerebral Cortex
• Cerebrum
• Cheating
• Cheerleading
• Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
• Child and Adolescent Labor
• Child Neglect
• Child Savers
• Child Sexual Abuse
• Child Trafficking for Household Labor
• Child Victims’ and Child Witnesses’ Rights Act
• Choking Games
• Chronic Disabilities
• Circadian Clock
• Citizenship Requirements
• Civic and Citizenship Attitudes
• Civic Involvement
• Civil Society
• Class Size
• Cliques
• Coaches
• Cocaine Use
• Cognitive Behavior Therapy
• Cognitive Developmental Components in Treatment
• Cohesive Self
• Comics
• Coming out as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender
• Coming Out Process
• Commodification
• Community Engagement
• Community Organizing
• Community Violence
• Comorbidity of Psychiatric Disorders
• Competitiveness
• Complementary and Integrative Health
• Compliance
• Compulsions
• Compulsive Buying
• Compulsory Heterosexuality
• Condom Use
• Confabulation
• Confidants
• Confidentiality in Law
• Connectedness
• Conscience
• Conscientiousness
• Consultation
• Contemplation
• Content Analysis
• Contract Rights
• Co-offending
• Cool Youth
• Co-parenting Conflict
• Core Competencies
• Corporal Punishment in Schools
• Cosmetic Surgery
• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• Counsel Rights
• Creation Science
• Creativity
• Criminal Intent
• Criminal Responsibility
• Critical Consciousness
• Crowds
• Cults
• Cultural Biases in Research
• Cultural Sensitivity
• Curfews
• Custodial Interrogations
• Custody
• Cyber Aggression
• Cyberspace Safety
• D
• Dance
• Dangerousness
• Date Rape
• Dating Abuse: Prevalence, Consequences, and Predictors
• Dating Abuse: Primary Prevention Efforts
• Deafness
• Deception
• Decriminalization
• Defense Mechanisms
• Degradation
• Delay of Gratification
• Delinquency
• Delinquency Trajectories
• Delinquent Youth with Disabilities
• Delirium
• Delusion
• Dependency Court Processes
• Dependency in Law
• Depressive Symptoms
• Designer Drugs
• Desistance from Crime and Delinquency
• Detention of Alien Juveniles
• Developmental
• Developmental Assets
• Developmental Contextualism
• Developmental Periods
• Deviancy
• Deviancy Training
• Diary Methods
• Dietary Patterns
• Digital Divides
• Disability
• Disciplining
• Discrimination
• Disease
• Disgrace
• Dishonor
• Dispositions in Law
• Dissociation
• Dissociative Disorders
• Dissociative Identity Disorder
• Diversion Programs
• Divorce
• Domestic Violence
• Doping
• Double Standards
• Dress Codes and Uniforms
• Drinking Game Playing: A Prevalent and Risky Activity Among Youth
• Driving and Drivers
• Drug Sellers and Distributors
• Due Process of Law
• Duty to Protect in Law
• Dyscalculia
• Dysgraphia
• Dyslexia
• Dysphoria
• E
• Eating Disorders
• Ecstasy Use
• Educational Aspirations
• Effortful Control
• Ego Identity
• Egocentrism
• Emancipation
• Emergency Contraception
• Emerging Adulthood
• Emotion Regulation
• Emotional Abuse
• Emotional Intelligence
• Emotional Reactivity
• Enuresis and Encopresis
• Envy
• Epilepsy: Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects in Adolescence
• Epistemic Cognition
• Equal Access Act
• Equal Protection Laws
• Ethnic Identity
• Ethnic Identity Formation
• Ethnographic Methods
• Evidence-Based Practice
• Evolutionary Perspectives on Adolescence
• Executive Function
• Executive System
• Exhibitionism
• Existential Anxiety
• Exit Therapy
• Expectancy Value Models
• Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Methods
• Expulsions and Suspensions from School
• Externalizing and Internalizing Symptoms
• Extracurricular Activity Participation
• Extraversion
• Extremism
• F
• Fair Labor Standards Act
• Faith
• Family and Educational Rights and Privacy Act
• Family Development Theory
• Family Group Decision-Making
• Family Immunity Doctrine
• Family Meals
• Family Policy
• Family Resiliency
• Family Risk and Needs Assessment
• Family Systems Theory
• Family Therapy
• Family-Based Prevention Programs
• Family-Based Therapy
• Fanaticism
• Fantasy
• Fast Foods
• Fatherhood
• Fathers’ Rights Outside of Marriage
• Fear of Crime
• Fears
• Femininity
• Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
• Fetal Effects
• Financial Socialization
• Financial Stress
• Firesetting
• Flirting
• Flow
• Forbidden Fruit
• Forensic Consulting
• Foresightedness
• Forgiveness
• Formal Operations
• Foster Care
• Free Will
• Friendship Characteristics
• Friendships and Adjustment
• Frontal Lobe
• Fundamental Rights
• Future Orientation
• G
• Gambling
• Gangs
• Gateway Drug Use
• Gay-Straight Alliances
• Gender Coding
• Gender Complementation
• Gender Dysphoria
• Gender Identification
• Gender Identity
• Gender Identity Disorder
• Gender Intensification
• Gender Role and Identity
• Gender Role Conflict: Boyhood in Distress
• Gendered Juvenile Justice
• General Strain Theory
• Generativity
• Genetic Influences and Criminal Careers
• Giftedness: Asset and Vulnerability
• Goal Structures: Their Role in Promoting Early Adolescents’ Peer Relationships and Academic Achievement
• Goals
• Gonadarche
• Gossip
• Goth Culture
• Grade Retention: Assessing Its Role in Students’ Academic and Personal Wellbeing Outcomes
• Graffiti
• Grandparent-Adolescent Relationship
• Gratitude
• Gray Matter
• Group Homes
• Group Identification
• Growth Hormone
• Guardian Ad Litem
• Guardianship
• H
• Habeas Corpus
• Hallucinations
• Hallucinogens
• Happiness
• Harm Reduction
• Hate Crimes
• Hateful Expression Rights
• Hazing
• Health Beliefs
• Health Literacy
• Healthy
• Help-Negation
• Help-Seeking
• Heritability
• Heterosocial Competence
• High School Dropouts
• Hijab
• Home Schooling
• Homesickness
• Homework
• Homophily
• Homophobia
• Hooking Up: Teenage Casual Sex
• Hope
• Hopelessness
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
• Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV Vaccines
• Humiliation
• Humor
• Hyperactivity
• Hypnosis
• I
• Identity Distress
• Identity Formation
• Identity Processes
• Identity Status
• Idols and Idolization
• Immigrants’ Linguistic Adaptation
• Immigration
• Impostor Phenomenon
• Impulsivity
• In Loco Parentis
• Incarcerated Parents
• Incarcerated Youth
• Indian Child Welfare Act
• Individualized Education Programs
• Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
• Infatuation
• Information Management
• Informational Rights
• Informed Consent and Assent
• Inhalant Use
• Injuries
• Injury Prevention
• Institutional Commitments
• Intellectual Disability
• Intelligence
• Intensive Family Preservation
• Internalizing and Externalizing Problems
• International Human Rights
• Internet Effects
• Internships
• Interrogation and the Waiver of Rights
• Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
• Involuntary Commitments
• Invulnerability
• J
• Jealousy
• Jury Trial Rights in Juvenile Court
• Juvenile Court Processes
• Juvenile Court Rationales and Models
• Juvenile Court Transfers
• Juvenile Death Penalty
• Juvenile Drug Courts
• Juvenile Homicide in the Twenty-First Century
• Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act
• Juvenile Probation
• Juvenile Risk Assessment
• Juvenile Sex Offenders
• Juvenility and the Juvenile Transition
• K
• Kissing
• L
• Lability
• Language Brokering
• Language Development and Literacy
• Latchkey Children
• Leadership Development and Gifted Students
• Learning Disabilities
• Learning Strategies
• Legal Methods
• Lesbian and Gay Parenting
• Life Course Theory
• Life Events
• Life Goals: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pursuits
• Life Satisfaction
• Life Sentences
• Life-Story Work
• Loneliness
• Loners
• Longitudinal Designs
• Lying
• M
• Magical Thinking
• Mainstreaming
• Malingering
• Malls
• Marijuana Use
• Marital Distress and Conflict
• Marital Rights
• Marriage
• Masculinity
• Masturbation
• Mattering
• Maturation
• Mature Minor Doctrine
• Maturity of Judgment
• Meaning in Life
• Meanness
• Measurement Validity
• Media Literacy and Health Promotion
• Media Violence
• Menarche
• Mental Health
• Mental Health Checkups
• Mental Health Policy
• Mental Health Screening
• Mental Health Stigma
• Mentoring
• Meta-Analysis
• Methamphetamine Use
• Microaggressions
• Mindful Parenting
• Mindfulness Meditation
• Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for Adolescents
• Missing Children Act
• Model Minority Identities
• Mood Disorders
• Moral Development and Moral Behavior
• Moral Disengagement and Antisocial Behavior
• Moral Identity
• Moral Reasoning Assessment
• Mortality Judgments
• Mortification
• Motherhood
• MST for Multisystemic Therapy
• Multicultural Education
• Multiracial Identity
• Multisystemic Therapy
• Music
• Music Therapy
• Myelin
• N
• Narcissism
• Narcolepsy
• Narrative Identity
• National Identity
• Natural Disasters
• Neighborhoods
• Neocortex
• Neuroimaging and Electroencephalography
• Neurons and Neurotransmitters
• Neuroticism
• Nightmares
• No Child Left Behind Act
• Nomothetic and Ideographic
• Nonparental Adults
• Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
• Nontraditional Families in Law
• Normality
• O
• Obesity and Overweight
• Objectification Theory
• Obscene and Indecent Expressions
• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
• Occipital Lobe
• Occupational Aspirations
• Oedipus Complex
• Online Health Care
• Openness to Experience
• Opiates
• Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorders
• Optimal Functioning
• Out-of-School Time Programs
• Overachievement
• P
• Panic Disorder
• Paranormal and Supernatural Beliefs
• Parens Patriae
• Parent Abuse
• Parental Alienation Syndrome
• Parental Bereavement
• Parental Deployments
• Parental Illness
• Parental Involvement
• Parental Monitoring
• Parental Problem Drinking and Alcoholism
• Parental Responsibility Laws
• Parental Rights
• Parental Rights’ Limits
• Parental Rights’ Termination
• Parentification
• Parenting Styles
• Parietal Lobe
• Parole
• Parricide Offenders in the Twenty-First Century
• Peak Experiences
• Pedophilia
• Peer Crowd Affiliation
• Peer Group Affiliation
• Peer Group Association
• Peer Influences
• Peer Interventions
• Perfectionism
• Personality
• Personality Assessment and Maturation
• Personality Disorders
• Pets
• Physical Abuse
• Physical Disability and Self-Esteem
• Place Attachment in Adolescence
• Play/Activity Therapy
• Policing Juveniles
• Political Expression Rights
• Popularity
• Pornography
• Positive Psychosis Phenotype
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
• Poverty
• Prefrontal Cortex
• Pregnancy Intentions
• Pregnancy Resolutions
• Prepartying and Pregaming
• Prescription Drug Misuse
• Prevention Programs
• Preventive Detentions
• Pride
• Prison Awareness Programs
• Prisons
• Privacy
• Private Speech
• Proactive and Reactive Aggression
• Probation
• Problem Behavior Syndrome
• Procrastination
• Program Evaluation
• Prom
• Prosocial Behavior
• Prostitution
• Psychiatric Disorders: Classifications and Diagnoses
• Psychoanalytic Therapies
• Psychodynamic Understandings
• Psychopathy
• Psychosexual Stages
• Psychosis Proneness
• Psychotic Experiences
• Psychotic-Like Experiences
• PTSD Among Youth from Violent Impoverished Communities
• PTSD in Young Soldiers from Violent Impoverished Communities
• Pubertal Timing
• Puberty
• Puberty Rites
• Public Policy
• Purpose
• Pygmalion Effect
• Q
• Qualitative Methods
• Quality of Life
• Quantitative Methods
• R
• Race and Juvenile Justice Decision-Making
• Racial and Ethnic Discrimination
• Racial Pride
• Racism
• Rape
• Rape Trauma Syndrome
• Reactive Attachment Disorder
• Reasoning
• Rebelliousness
• Recidivism
• Refugees
• Reintegrative Shaming Theory
• Rejection Sensitivity
• Relationship Networks
• Reliability
• Religious Expression Rights
• Religiousness in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood
• Reputations
• Residency Requirements
• Residential Treatment
• Resilience
• Resistance and Conformity
• Resistance to Treatment
• Restitution
• Restorative Justice
• Revenge
• Rights Knowledge, Reasoning, and Attitudes
• Risk Behavior
• Risk-Taking
• Role Models
• Romantic Experiences
• Rorschach Inkblot Method
• Routine Activities Theory
• Rumination
• Runaway and Homeless Youth Act
• Runaway Youth
• S
• Sadistic Personality Disorder
• Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act
• Safe Space
• Scapegoating
• Schema
• Schizophrenia
• Schizotypal Traits
• Schizotypy
• School Belonging
• School Climate
• School Connectedness
• School Discipline
• School Refusal Behavior and Absenteeism
• School Size
• School Transitions and Risks
• School-Based Health Centers
• Searches and Seizures in Schools
• Segregation and Desegregation
• Self-Actualization
• Self-Competence
• Self-Concept
• Self-Concept Clarity
• Self-Concept of Adolescents with Physical Disabilities
• Self-Consciousness
• Self-Construal in a Cultural Context
• Self-Control Theory
• Self-Definition
• Self-Descriptions
• Self-Determination
• Self-Disclosure
• Self-Discrepancies
• Self-Efficacy
• Self-Efficacy and Adolescents’ Health
• Self-Esteem
• Self-Evaluations
• Self-Monitoring
• Self-Perception
• Self-Reflection
• Self-Regulation
• Self-Report
• Self-Worth
• Sensation Seeking
• Sensational Interests
• Sense of Belonging
• Sense of Entitlement
• Separation Anxiety
• Separation-Individuation
• Serotonin
• Service-Learning
• SES
• Sex Roles and Gender Roles
• Sex Trafficking into the United States
• Sex Trafficking Within the United States
• Sex Trafficking Worldwide
• Sexism
• Sexual Abstinence
• Sexual Addiction
• Sexual Debut
• Sexual Expression Rights
• Sexual Harassment
• Sexual Health
• Sexual Minority Youth
• Sexual Orientation and Identity Labels
• Sexual Trajectories
• Sexual Victimization
• Sexuality Education
• Sexuality Education Sources
• Sexually Violent Predators
• Shame
• Shame and Guilt
• Sibling Influences
• Sibling Maltreatment
• Sibling Rivalry
• Sleep Deprivation
• Sleep Disturbances
• Smart Drugs
• Social Brain
• Social Capital Theory for Youth Studies
• Social Cognition
• Social Competence
• Social Connectedness
• Social Control Theory
• Social Disorganization Theory
• Social Exclusion and Subculture
• Social Exclusion in Adolescence
• Social Inoculation
• Social Intelligence
• Social Justice Theory
• Social Learning Theory
• Social Networking in Online and Offline Contexts
• Social Reasoning
• Social Skills Training
• Social Support
• Social Trust
• Social Withdrawal
• Somatic Complaints
• Specific Learning Disorder
• Spiritual Development
• Sport and the Development of Family, School, Peer, and Community Strengths
• Sport and Youth Development
• Stalking
• Status Offenses and Offenders
• Statutory Rape
• Steroid Use
• Stigmatization
• Storm and Stress
• Stress
• Stress Management
• Strip Searches and Students’ Rights
• Student Drug Testing
• Student Engagement
• Subclinical Psychotic Experiences
• Substance Abuse Treatment
• Substance Use Risk and Protective Factors
• Suicidality
• Suicide
• Suicide Pacts and Suicide Clusters
• Summer Camps
• Synapse
• Systemic Therapy
• T
• Taxonomies of Delinquents
• Teen Courts
• Temperament
• Temporal Lobe
• Terrorism
• Testimonial Competency
• Thematic Apperception Test
• Theory of Mind
• Therapeutic Foster Care
• Thought Disorder
• Thriving and Sparks
• Tic, Tourettes, and Related Disorders
• Tobacco Use
• Tolerance
• Training for Effective Parenting
• Trajectories of Aggressive-Disruptive Behavior
• Transactional Models
• Transgender Youth
• Transitioning from Care
• Transsexualism
• Triangulation
• Trophy Kids
• Truant Youth
• U
• Underachievement
• Underachievers
• Underclass
• Unfit Parents
• V
• Validity
• Vegetarianism
• Video Games
• View of Self
• Virginity Loss
• Vocational Education
• Vouchers
• Vulnerability
• W
• Weapons Carrying
• Well-Being
• Wellness
• Wet Dream
• White Matter
• Wilderness Therapy
• Wisdom
• Work and Antisocial Behavior
• Working Memory
• Wraparound Interventions
• Y
• Youth Research Traditions
• Z
• Zero-Tolerance Policies