Thousands of entries provide coverage on every possible food, its history, cultural significance, and culinary usage.

Table of Contents

• Alan Davidson: A Tribute
• Preface to the Third Edition
• Preface to the Second Edition
• Acknowledgements for the Second Edition
• Introduction
• Contributors
• Notes on Using this Companion
• The Oxford Companion to Food A–Z
• A
• aardvark
• abalone
• abalone mushroom
• Aberdeen angus
• Aberdeen rowies
• Abernethy biscuits
• acacia and wattle
• acai
• Accum Friedrich Christian (1769–1838)
• acerola
• acetic acid
• achar (also acar, achard)
• achocha
• acid/alkali balance
• acidophilus milk
• acids
• acitrón
• acorns
• Acton Eliza (1799–1859)
• additives
• adlay
• adobo
• adulteration
• advieh
• adzuki bean
• aemono
• afghan
• Afghanistan
• African pear
• afternoon tea
• agami
• agar-agar
• agaric
• agar wood
• agave
• agemono
• agneau pascal
• agnolotti
• agouti
• agriculture and food
• agrodolce
• ahuautli
• aigre-doux
• aïoli
• aji-no-moto
• ajmud
• ajo blanco
• ajowan
• akebia
• akee (or ackee)
• à la
• albacore
• Albania
• albatross
• albumen
• alcohol
• alegar
• alexanders
• alfalfa
• alfonsino
• Algeria
• alginates
• aligote
• alkali
• alkanna
• alla
• allemande sauce
• allgood
• alligator
• allioli
• allspice
• almond
• almondette
• altitude
• aluminium
• amanita
• amaranth
• amaretti
• amasi
• ambarella
• ambergris
• amberjack
• ambigu
• ambrosia
• amchur
• amelou
• American cheeses
• American cookbooks
• American cookery
• American oyster
• amino acids
• ampalaya
• amra/imra
• anardana
• anchovy
• andouille and andouillette
• angel fish
• angel food cake
• angelica
• angel's hair
• angel shark
• angler-fish
• Anglo-Indian cookery
• Anglo-Saxon food
• Angola and Mozambique
• anguilles au vert
• anise (or aniseed)
• aniseed balls
• anjan
• annatto
• anorexia nervosa
• Antarctica
• anteaters
• antelope
• anthropology and food
• antipasto
• ants
• anzac biscuit
• aoudad
• aphrodisiacs
• Apicius
• appa(m)
• Appenzell (or Appenzeller)
• Appert Nicolas (1749–1841)
• appetite
• apple
• applejack
• apricot
• apricot jelly fungus
• aquaculture
• Arab cuisine
• Arabian food
• arabic gum
• Arbroath smokie
• arbutus
• archaeology of food
• Archestratus
• archil
• Arctic cookery
• areca palm
• arepa
• argan oil
• Argentina
• arhar
• ark-shell
• armadillo
• Armenia
• aroma
• arracacha
• arrowhead (or arrowleaf)
• arrowroot
• arroz fermentado
• art, food in
• artichoke
• arugula
• arum
• asafoetida
• asari
• ash
• Ashanti pepper
• ashcake
• ash-keys
• asiago
• Asian restaurants
• asparagus
• asparagus pea
• asphodel
• aspic
• aşure
• atemoya
• Athenaeus
• Atkins diet
• atole (or atolli)
• aubergine
• au bleu
• aurochs
• Australasian ‘salmon’
• Australia
• Australian peach
• Austria
• autoclave
• autolysis
• avgolémono
• Avicenna
• avocado (or avocado pear)
• awo-nori
• axayacatl
• ayran (also eyran, airan)
• azarole (or azerole)
• Azerbaijan
• Aztec food
• azuki beans
• B
• baba
• babaco
• baba ghanoush
• babassa oil
• babka
• Babylonian cookery
• bacalao
• bacon
• bacteria
• badger
• bael
• bagel
• baguette
• Bahian cuisine
• bailer shell
• baked Alaska
• baked beans
• Bakewell tart (or Bakewell pudding)
• baking
• baking powder
• baking soda
• baklava
• baldpate
• Balearic Islands
• Balkan food and cookery
• ballottine
• balm
• balouza
• balsam
• balsam apple and pear
• balsamella
• balsamic vinegar
• Balti
• balut
• bamboo
• bamboo fungus
• banana
• banana flower
• banana leaf
• Banbury cakes
• Bangladesh
• banketbakkerij
• bannock
• banoffi pie (banoffee pie)
• banquet
• banteng
• baobab
• baozi
• bap
• bara brith
• barb
• Barbados cherry
• Barbados gooseberry
• barbary pear
• barbecue
• barbel
• barberry
• Barcelona nut
• bar clam
• bard
• barfi
• barking deer
• bar-le-duc
• barley
• barley breads
• barley sugar
• barm
• barm brack (or barn brack)
• barnacle
• barracouta
• barracuda
• barramundi
• basal metabolic rate
• basbousa
• basella (or Ceylon spinach, also called vine spinach or Malabar nightshade, Basella rubra)
• basil
• basoondi
• Basque gastronomic societies or txokos,
• bass
• basting
• batalia pie
• batavia
• batfish
• Bath chap
• Bath cheese
• Bath oliver
• bats
• Battenberg cake
• batter
• bauhinia
• Baumé scale
• Bavarian cream
• bavarois or bavaroise
• bavette
• bawd bree
• bay leaf
• beach plum
• bean
• bean clam/shell
• bean curd
• bean paste or sauce
• bean sprouts
• bear
• bearberry
• Beard James Andrew (1903–85)
• béarnaise sauce
• beaten biscuits
• Beaufort
• beaver
• beccafico
• béchamel
• Bedfordshire clanger
• Bedouin food
• bedstraw
• beech nut
• beef
• beefeater
• beef olives
• beefsteak fungus (also called ox-tongue fungus)
• beer
• beestings
• beet
• Beeton Isabella (1836–65)
• beetroot
• beignet
• Belarus
• Belgium
• belimbing asam
• belle-Hélène
• belleric
• bellflower root
• bell pepper
• Bel Paese
• Bengal sweets
• Benin
• Benin pepper
• benni seed
• beno
• bento
• berberis
• bercy, sauce
• bere meal
• bergamot
• bergamot orange
• berlingot
• berry
• Berwick cockles
• besan flour
• bestilla
• betel nut
• Betty (or Brown Betty)
• bhaji(a)
• bibingka
• bicarbonate of soda
• biffin
• biga
• bigarade
• big-eye
• bighorn
• bignay
• bigos
• biko
• bilberry
• bilimbi
• billfish
• biltong
• Bindenfleisch
• birch sugar
• bird pepper
• Birdseye Clarence Robert (1886–1956)
• bird's nest
• biriani
• biriba
• Birnbrot
• biscotte
• biscuit
• biscuit varieties
• bishop's weed
• bison
• bisque
• bistort
• bistro
• bitter berries
• bitter cucumber
• bitter gourd (or bitter cucumber)
• bitter herbs
• bitterleaf
• bittern
• bivalves
• blaa (originally blaad, also spelled blah and bla)
• blacang (also spelled blachan),
• black beans
• black-berried nightshade
• blackberry
• blackbird
• black bread
• blackbuck
• black bun
• black caraway
• blackcock
• black cumin
• black-eyed bean or pea
• Black Forest gateau
• black grouse
• black pepper
• black pudding
• blackstrap
• blaeberry
• blanch
• blancmange
• bland
• blanquette
• bleak
• bleu
• blewit
• blini
• bloater
• blood
• blood sausages
• bloody clam
• bloomer
• blowfish (or pufferfish),
• blueberry
• blue cheeses
• blue crab
• bluefish
• blue-mouth
• blue vinney (or vinny)
• blusher
• boar
• bobolink (sometimes spelled bobalink),
• bobotie
• bobwhite
• bocadilla
• Bockwurst
• bodi bean
• bog-butter
• bog myrtle (or sweet gale)
• boil
• boiled sweets
• bois de Panama
• bolete (or boletus)
• Bolivia
• bollito misto
• Bolognese sauce
• bolon
• Bombay duck
• bombe
• bonavist(a) bean
• bonbon
• bone
• bonefish
• bone marrow
• boniato
• bonito
• bonnag
• borage
• bordelaise sauce
• börek
• borlotti bean
• borshch
• Bosnia-Herzegovina
• Boston baked beans
• Boston (brown) bread
• bottle gourd
• bottling
• botulism
• bouchée
• boudin
• boudin blanc
• boudoir biscuits
• bouffi
• bouillabaisse
• bouillon
• boulanee
• bouquet garni
• bourbon
• bourride
• Boursin
• boutargue
• Bovril
• box
• boxty
• boysenberry
• boza
• brack
• bracken
• bracket fungi
• Bradley Martha
• Bradley Richard
• brains
• braise
• bramble
• bran
• brandade
• brandy snaps
• brasserie
• brassica
• Bratwurst
• brawn
• Brazil
• Brazil nuts
• bread
• breadcrumbs
• breadfruit
• breadnuts
• bread ovens
• bread puddings
• bread sauce
• breakfast
• breakfast cereals
• bream
• brèdes
• Bremener Osterklaben
• bresaola
• Brési
• brewis
• brick cheese
• Brie
• brill
• Brillat-Savarin Jean Anthelme (1755–1826)
• brine
• brinjal
• brioche
• briq (brik) à l’œuf
• brisket
• brisling
• brittle
• broa
• broad bean
• broccoli
• broil
• brooklime
• brose
• broth
• brownies
• browning
• brown sauce (bottled)
• brown sauces
• brunch
• Brunei
• bruschetta
• brush turkey
• Brussels sprouts
• BSE
• bubble and squeak
• bûche de Nöel
• buck
• buckling
• buckwheat
• Buddha's hand
• Buddhism and food
• buffalo
• buffaloberry
• buffalo-fish
• buffet
• bug
• bulbs
• bulgar/bulgur
• Bulgaria
• bulimia
• bullace
• bullock's heart
• bullseye
• bulrush
• bummalow
• bun
• bunchberry
• Bündnerfleisch (sometimes known as Bindenfleisch)
• bunting
• buran
• burbot
• burdock
• burghul
• Burkina Faso
• Burma
• burnet
• burnt cream
• burrini
• Burundi
• Buryat food
• bush butter (tree),
• bushmeat
• bushpig
• bustard
• butter
• butter bean
• buttercup squash
• buttered eggs
• butterfish
• butterfly fish
• butterfly pea (also called anjan or anchan)
• butterie (rowie)
• buttermilk
• butter nut
• butternut squash
• butterpit
• butterscotch
• butty
• Byzantine cookery
• C
• cabbage
• cabbage palm
• cabinet pudding
• caboc
• cacao
• cacciatora
• cachou
• caciocavallo
• caciotta
• cacti
• cactus pear
• Caerphilly
• Caesar salad
• Caesar's mushroom
• café
• cainito
• Cajun food
• cake
• cake-making
• calabash
• calabaza
• calabrese
• calamansi (or kalamansi or calamondin/kalamondin)
• calamint
• calamondin
• calathea
• calcium
• calf
• California roll
• calipash
• calipee
• calissons
• callaloo (or calalú, calulu, caruru, etc.)
• calmar
• calories
• calsones
• caltrop
• calumpang nut
• calzone
• camas
• Cambodia
• Cambridge cheese
• cambuca
• cambuci
• camel
• Camembert
• Cameroon
• camomile
• campylobacter
• Canada
• canapé
• Canary Islands
• candied chestnuts
• candied fruit
• candied violets
• candlenut
• candy
• candyfloss
• cane rat
• cane sugar
• canistel
• cannellini beans
• cannelloni
• cannibalism
• canning
• Canning, Lady
• cannolo (or cannoli, the plural form more familiar in N. America)
• Canola oil
• Cantal
• cantharides
• canvasback
• Cape gooseberry
• capelin
• capelli d'angelo capellini
• caper
• capercaillie (sometimes given as capercailzie)
• capillaire
• capirotada (also capirottata and other variant spellings),
• capitaine
• capon
• capsicum
• captain's biscuit
• capulin
• capybara
• carambola
• caramel
• caraway
• carbohydrates
• carbonade and carbonado
• cardamom
• cardinal
• cardoon
• Carême Antonin (1783–1833)
• Caribbean
• caribou
• carissa and karanda
• carling
• carnival foods
• carob
• carom seeds
• carp
• carpet-shell
• carrageen
• carré
• carré d'agneau
• carrot
• casein
• cashew
• cassabanana
• cassareep
• cassata
• cassava
• casserole
• cassia
• cassoulet
• Catalan cookery
• catalogna
• cataplana
• catawissa
• catchup
• catechu
• caterpillar
• catfish
• catfish eel
• cats
• catsup
• cat-tail
• cattle
• caudle
• caul
• cauliflower
• cauliflower fungus (or cauliflower mushroom),
• Cavalcanti Ippolito (Duke of Buonvicino) (1787–1859)
• caviar
• cavolo nero
• cavy
• cawl
• cayenne pepper
• celeriac
• celery
• cellulose
• cendré
• Central Africa
• Central African Republic
• Central America
• Central Asian Republics
• cep
• cephalopods
• cereals
• ceriman
• cervelas and cervelat
• cervelat
• Cervio Vincenzo (c.1510–c.1580)
• ceviche
• Ceylon
• Ceylon spinach
• Chad
• chafing dish cookery
• challah (or challa or chollah)
• champ
• champedak
• champignon
• chanal
• chañar
• channa
• chanterelle
• chantilly
• chapati
• chapote
• char (also known as Arctic char, and sometimes spelled charr, which purists prefer as the original version)
• charcoal biscuit
• charcuterie
• chard
• chard cabbage
• charlock
• charlotte
• charqui
• chartreuse
• chateaubriand
• chaud-froid
• chaya
• chayote
• Chechnya
• Checkerberry
• Cheddar
• cheeks
• cheese
• cheese, fruit
• cheesecake
• chef
• chelation
• chequer
• cherimoya
• cherry
• cherry laurel
• cherry plum
• cherrystone
• chervil
• Cheshire
• Chester
• chestnut
• chèvre
• chewing gum
• chia
• chicharrones
• chicken
• chicken of the woods
• chicken tikka masala
• chickling pea or vetch
• chickpea
• chickweed
• chicle
• chicory and endive
• chiffon cake
• chih-li
• chiku (ciku)
• Child Julia (1912–2004),
• Chile
• chili con carne
• chilli
• China
• China root
• Chinese artichoke
• Chinese boxthorn
• Chinese broccoli
• Chinese cabbage
• Chinese chives
• Chinese date
• Chinese gooseberry
• Chinese kale (or Chinese broccoli),
• Chinese keys
• Chinese lantern
• Chinese leaves
• Chinese olive
• Chinese parsley
• Chinese spinach
• Chinese water chestnut
• Chinese wolfberry
• chinquapin
• chipolata
• chips and crisps
• chiton
• chitterling(s)
• chives
• chłodnik
• chlorophyll
• chocolate
• chocolate sauce
• choerek (or choereg, choereq, churekg etc.—the name has seemingly innumerable transcriptions)
• chokeberry
• chokecherry
• choko
• cholent
• cholesterol
• chop
• chop suey
• chorizo
• Chorley cakes
• choubritsa (ciubritsa)
• choucroute
• chouquettes or petits choux,
• chow-chow
• chowder
• chow mein
• Christianity and food
• Christmas foods
• Christmas pudding
• christophene
• chrysanthemum
• chuck and chuck wagon
• chufa
• chuño and tunta
• churro
• chutney
• ciabatta
• cicadas
• cider
• cigale
• cigarette russe
• cilantro
• cima
• cinnamon
• çiorba
• citron
• citronella
• citrus fruits
• civet
• clabber
• clafoutis
• clam
• clambake
• clapbread
• clapshot
• clarification
• clary
• classical Greece
• classical Rome
• clay
• cleavers
• clementine
• climate
• clitocybe mushrooms
• clootie dumpling
• clostridium
• clotted cream
• cloudberry
• cloud ear
• clove
• clove gilliflowers
• clover and melilot
• clovisse
• club fungus
• club sandwich
• cluster bean
• coagulation
• coalfish
• cobbler
• cobia
• cob nut
• Coburg/cob
• cobweb-caps
• coca
• Coca-Cola
• cochineal
• cocido
• cock
• Cockaigne, Land of (or Cockayne, Land of)
• cock-a-leekie
• cockatoo
• cockchafer
• cockerel
• cockle
• cock's comb
• cocoa
• coco de mer (sea-coconut)
• cocona
• coconut
• coconut crab
• coconut ice
• coconut milk/cream
• cocoyam
• cod
• cœur
• coffee
• coffee house
• coffin (coffyn)
• cola (or kola)
• colbert
• colcannon
• cole
• Cole Mrs Mary (fl.1788–91)
• coleslaw
• coley
• collagen
• collar
• collards
• college pudding
• colloid
• collop
• colocasia
• colomba
• Colombia
• colombo
• colostrum
• colour and cooking
• colouring of food
• coltsfoot
• Columbian exchange
• Colwick cheese
• colza
• comber
• comfit
• comfrey
• composition of foods
• compote
• Comté (cheese)
• conch
• conchiglie
• condiment
• coney
• confectionery
• confetti
• confit
• congee
• conger eel
• Congo
• congo pea
• conjuror
• connective tissue
• consommé
• convenience foods
• cook
• cooked cheeses
• cookery: skill, art, or science?
• cookery schools
• cookie
• cooking
• coon
• Cooper,
• coot
• coppa (cup)
• copper
• copra
• coq au vin
• coquina
• coquito
• coral cod, coral trout
• coral fish
• coral fungus
• cordial
• cordon bleu
• cordyceps
• coriander
• corkwing
• cormorant
• corms
• corn
• corn breads
• corncrake
• corned beef
• cornel (cornelian cherry)
• cornflour
• cornhusker
• Cornish pasty
• Cornish split
• corn pone
• corn salad
• cornstarch
• corn syrup
• Corrado, Vincenzo
• costmary
• costus
• cotechino
• Cotherstone
• cotignac d'Orléans
• cottage cheese
• cottage loaf
• cottage pie
• cotton candy
• cottonseed oil
• cottontail
• coulibiac
• coulis
• Coulommiers
• coumarin
• country captain
• courgette
• court bouillon
• couscous
• couverture
• Coventry godcakes
• cow
• cowage (cowitch)
• cowberry
• cow hair
• cowpea
• cowslip
• crab
• crab, common
• crabapple
• cracked wheat
• cracker
• crackling
• cracknel
• crack seed
• crake
• cranachan
• cranberry
• cranberry tree
• crane
• crawfish
• crayfish
• cream
• cream cheese
• cream of tartar
• cream of wheat
• cream puff
• crécy
• crème
• crème brûlée
• crème caramel
• crème fraîche
• creole food
• crêpes
• crépinette
• cress
• crevally or crevalle
• cricket
• crimping
• crispbread
• croaker
• Croatia
• crocodile
• croissant
• crookneck
• croquant
• croquembouche
• croque-monsieur
• croquette
• crosne
• crostata
• croustade
• crouton
• crowberry
• crowdie
• crubeens
• cruller
• crumble
• crumpet
• crustaceans
• crystallize
• crystallized flowers
• Cuba
• cubeb
• cucumber
• cucurbits
• cudbear
• cuisine
• cuitlacoche
• culantro
• culatello
• culinary ashes
• culinary mythology
• culinary terminology
• Cullen skink
• cullis
• Cumberland sauce
• cumin seed or cumin (sometimes cummin)
• cup cake
• cup fungi
• curassow
• curd (or curds)
• curd cheese
• curdling
• cured foods
• curlew
• currants
• curry
• curry leaf
• curry powder
• curuba
• cusk
• cusk eel
• custard
• custard apple
• cutlery
• cutlet
• cuttlefish
• cycads
• cyclamates
• cymling
• Cyprus
• Czech Republic
• D
• dab
• dacquoise
• dafina
• dagé
• Dagestan and Chechnya
• daikon
• dal (or dhal),
• dame blanche
• damper
• damson
• dandelion
• dangleberry
• Danish cheeses
• Danish pastries
• dariole
• dasheen
• dashi
• date
• date palm flower
• date plum
• date-shell
• daube
• daun salam
• David Elizabeth (1913–92)
• Davidson's plum
• deer
• deerberry
• deglazing
• Deipnosophists
• demi-glace
• denaturation
• dende oil
• Denmark
• de Nola, Ruperto
• dentex
• Derby
• desiccated coconut
• desserts
• devil
• Devil's food cake
• dewberry
• dextran
• dextrin
• dextrose
• dhansak
• dibs
• diet
• dietary laws
• dietary supplements
• Digby Sir Kenelm (1603–65)
• digestion
• digestive
• dika nut
• dik dik
• dill
• dill pickle
• di Messisbugo, Christoforo
• dim sum
• diner
• dinner
• dinuguan
• diplomat pudding
• distillation
• dittander
• divinity
• djevrek
• Djibouti
• Dobostorte
• dock
• dock pudding
• Dods, Mistress Margaret
• dog
• dog cockle
• dogfish
• doggy bag (or doggie bag)
• dogwood
• doigt de Zénobie
• Dolly Varden
• dolma
• dolphin
• dolphin fish
• domiati
• doner kebab (or döner kebabı or even, in Canada, Donair),
• donkey
• doogh
• dormouse
• dosa
• dotterel
• dou-fu
• dough
• doughnut (also donut),
• doum palm
• dove
• dragée
• dragonfly
• dragon's eye
• dripping
• drisheen
• dromedary
• drops
• drop scone (or dropped scone)
• drugs and food
• drum
• drumsticks
• drupe
• drying
• Dublin Bay prawn
• duck
• duff
• dugong and manatee
• duku and langsat
• dulse
• dum
• Dumas Alexandre père (1802–70)
• dumpling
• Dundee cake
• Dungeness crab
• Dunlop
• duqqa
• durian
• dur(r)a
• duxelles
• dyspepsia
• E
• ears
• earth-eating
• earth nut
• earth oven
• earthworms
• East Africa
• Easter foods
• eat
• Eccles cakes
• échaudé
• éclair
• E. coli
• écrevisse
• Ecuador
• Edam
• edamame bean
• eddo
• eel
• eel-pout
• egg
• eggah
• egg-lemon sauce
• eggplant
• egusi
• Egypt
• Egyptian bean
• eishta
• eland
• elder
• elderberry and elderflower
• elecampane
• elephant
• elephant garlic
• elephant's foot yam
• elevenses
• elk
• elvers
• emblic or emblic myrobalan
• Emmental
• emmer
• empanada
• emperors
• emping
• emu
• emulsion
• enchilada
• endive
• England
• English cookery books
• enokitake
• ensaimada
• ensete
• entrecôte
• entrée, entremets
• enzymes
• epazote
• epicure
• ergot
• eringo root
• Eritrea
• escabeche
• escalope
• escargots
• escarole
• Escoffier Auguste (1846–1935)
• espagnole
• essence
• essential oils
• Estonia
• estouffade
• Ethiopia
• Ethiopian mustard
• etiquette
• étouffée (étuvée)
• Etruscan food
• eugenia fruits
• eulachon
• Eve's pudding
• Explorateur
• extracts
• eyes
• F
• fadge
• Faeroe Islands
• fagara
• faggot
• fairings
• fairy food
• fairy ring mushroom
• fajitas
• falafel (occasionally spelled felafel)
• false morels
• famine
• fan shells
• farce
• farfel
• farina
• farinha
• farl
• Farley John
• Farmer Fannie (1857–1915)
• farmers’ markets
• farro
• fast food
• fasting
• fat hen
• fat rascals
• fats and oils
• fat-tailed sheep
• fattoush
• fatty acids
• fava bean
• feasts
• fecula
• feet
• feijoa
• feijoada
• fennel
• fenugreek
• fermentation
• ferns
• fesenjan
• feta
• fettuccine
• fibre
• fiddlehead
• fiddler crab
• field mushroom
• field pea
• fig
• figgy pudding
• figpecker (or beccafico)
• filbert
• filé
• filet mignon
• filho
• film and food
• filo
• fines herbes
• finger-lime
• Finland
• finnan haddock
• fiore sardo
• firethorn or pyracantha
• firni (phirni)
• fish
• fish and chips
• Fisher M. F. K. (Mary Frances Kennedy) (1908–92)
• fish pastes and fish paste products
• fish sauce
• fish sausages
• fisnogge
• fitweed or culantro,
• five grains of China
• five spices
• flädli
• flageolet
• flambé
• flame
• flan
• flaounes
• flapjack
• flatbreads
• flatfish
• flathead
• flat lobster
• flatware
• flavour
• flavourings
• flitch
• floating island
• flocculation
• florentine
• flounder
• flour
• flowers
• flummery
• fly agaric
• flying fish
• flying fox
• flying squid
• focaccia or fougasse
• foie gras
• fondant
• fondue
• fonio
• fontina
• food chain (or food web)
• food history
• food poisoning
• foodways
• foo-foo (fufu)
• fool
• foot
• foraging
• forcemeat
• Forfar bridies
• Forme of Cury(e)
• fouace, fougasse
• four humours
• fourme
• fraise (or frawsey or froise)
• France
• francolin
• frangipane
• frankfurter
• freekeh (also fereek)
• freezing
• French bean
• French bread
• French cookbooks
• French dressing
• french fries
• French Guiana
• French toast
• friandise
• fricandeau
• fricassée
• frigate mackerel (or bullet mackerel),
• frittata
• fritter
• frog
• fromage frais or fromage blanc
• frostfish
• frosting
• fructose
• fruit cake
• fruit cheeses
• fruit jelly
• fruit pastes, cheeses, butters
• fruit salad
• fruit soups
• frumenty
• frying
• fudge
• fugu
• fulmar
• Ful mudammes (or medames)
• fumet
• funeral food
• funghi porcini
• fungus
• funistrada
• funnel cap
• funori
• furrow shell
• fusilier
• fusion food
• Futurist meals
• fuzzy melon
• G
• Gabon
• gabon nut
• gache
• gadwall
• gaeng
• gage
• galactose
• galangal (or galingale),
• galantine
• gale, sweet
• Galen (ad 129–99)
• galette
• galingale
• gallimaufrey (gallimaufry, and other variant spellings),
• Gambia
• game
• gammelost
• gammon
• gandaria
• gaper
• garam masala
• garbanzo
• garbure
• gardening and food
• garden mace
• garfish
• garibaldi
• garlic
• garoupa
• garum
• gastronomy
• gateau
• gâteau marjolaine
• gaufre
• gaur
• gaz
• gazelle
• gazpacho
• gefilte fish
• geitost
• gelatin (sometimes gelatine)
• gem
• gender/sex and food
• genetics and food
• genip
• genipap
• Genoa cake
• Génoise
• geoduck
• geophagy
• Georgia
• geranium
• German cheeses
• German cookery books
• German regional cookery
• Germany
• gevrek
• Ghana
• ghatti
• ghee
• gherkin
• ghorayebah
• giant clam
• giblets
• gigot
• gilt-head bream
• gimblette
• gingelly
• ginger
• ginger biscuits
• gingerbread
• ginkgo
• ginkgo fish
• ginseng
• giraffe
• girdle
• girolle
• gizzard
• gjetost
• glace (de viande) and demi-glace
• glacé fruits
• Glasse Hannah (1708–70)
• glasswort
• glaze
• gliko or glyko,
• globalization
• Gloucester cheese
• glucose
• gluten
• gnetum
• gnocchi
• gnu
• Goa
• Goa bean
• goat
• goatfish
• goat nut
• goat's milk cheeses
• gobo
• gobstopper
• goby
• godwit
• gold and silver leaf
• golden needles
• golden syrup
• good King Henry
• goose
• gooseberry
• goosefoot
• goose-necked barnacle
• Goosnargh cakes
• goraka
• gorgonzola
• Gouda
• Gouffé Jules (1807–77)
• goulash
• gourd
• gourmand
• gourmet
• goutweed
• governor's plum
• graham bread
• grains of paradise
• grains of Selim
• gram
• gram flour
• grana
• granadilla
• granita
• grape
• grapefruit
• grass
• grasscutter
• grasshopper
• grass pea
• gratin, gratiner
• grating cheeses
• gravlaks or gravlax
• gravy
• grayling
• Greece
• green bean
• green cheese
• greengage
• Greenland
• green peppercorns
• greensauce
• gremolada
• grenadine
• grey mullet
• griddle
• griddle breads
• Grigson Jane (1928–90)
• grill
• grillons
• Grimod de la Reynière Alexandre-Balthazar-Laurent (1758–1837)
• grisette
• griskins
• grissini
• groats and grits
• ground cherry
• ground elder
• ground hog
• groundnuts
• ground-pig
• grouper
• grouse
• grubs
• gruel
• grumichama
• grunt
• Gruyère
• guacamole
• Guam
• guamá
• guanaco
• guanciale
• guarana
• guar bean
• guascas (or huascas)
• guava
• gudgeon
• guépinie
• gugelhupf
• guillemot
• Guinea
• Guinea Bissau
• guinea-fowl
• Guinea pepper
• guinea pig
• guitarfish
• gulab
• gulab jamun
• gulaman
• Gulf States
• gull
• gulls’ eggs
• gum
• gum arabic
• gumbo
• gums
• gum tragacanth
• gur
• gur cake
• gurnard
• Guyana, Surinam, Guyane
• gwyniad
• gypsy mushroom
• gyro
• gyuvech
• H
• habanero
• hackberry
• haddock
• haggis
• hairmoss or hairweed,
• hairy tatties
• Haiti
• hake
• halal
• haleem (or halim)
• half-beak
• halibut
• hallucinogenic mushrooms
• halo-halo (literally ‘mix-mix’)
• haloumi
• halva
• ham
• hamaguri
• hamanatto
• hamburger
• Hamburg parsley
• hamin(e)
• hammerhead shark
• hand cheeses
• hangop
• hapuku
• hard/hardshell clam
• hard tack
• hardtail
• hare
• haricot bean
• harissa
• hartebeest
• Hartley Dorothy (1893–1985)
• hartshorn
• harusame
• hash
• haslet (or harslet)
• hasty pudding
• Hausa potato
• haute cuisine
• Havarti
• havercake
• Hawaii
• Hawick balls
• hawksbill turtle
• hawthorn
• hazel-hen
• hazelnut
• head
• head cheese
• heart
• heartnut
• heart of palm
• heart shell
• heat and its transmission
• hedge garlic
• hedgehog
• hedgehog fungus
• Heinz Henry J. (1844–1919)
• hemicellulose
• hemp
• hen/chicken breeds
• hen clam
• hen of the woods
• herb
• herbal, herbalists
• herbal teas
• hermit crab
• heron
• herring
• hickory nuts
• hierba santa
• high-bush cranberry
• high tea
• hijiki
• hilbeh (or hulba or halba),
• Hindle Wakes
• Hinduism and food
• Hippocrates
• hippopotamus
• hochepot
• hoe cake
• Hogmanay
• hog plum
• hogweed
• hoja santa (also hierba santa and many other versions),
• hoka
• hoki
• Hokkaido
• hollandaise
• hominy
• honey
• honeyberry
• honey cake
• honeydew
• honey fungus
• hopper
• hoppin’ John
• hop shoots
• horchata
• horehound
• hornazo
• Horn of Africa
• horn of plenty
• horn-shell
• hors d’œuvres
• horse bean
• horse chestnut
• horse gram
• horse mackerel
• horsemeat
• horse mushroom
• horse mussel
• horseradish
• horseradish tree
• horseshoe crabs
• hospitality
• hotchpotch sometimes hodgepodge,
• hot cross buns
• hot dog
• hotels and inns
• hotpot
• hough
• houting
• HP sauce
• huacatay
• huauzontle
• huckleberry
• huffkins
• huff paste
• huitlacoche
• humbug
• hum(m)us
• hundreds and thousands
• Hungary
• hurry scurry
• hush puppy
• huss
• hutspot
• hyacinth bean
• hydrogenation or ‘hardening’ of fats,
• hydrolysis
• hydropathic pudding
• hyssop
• I
• ice
• ice cream
• ice cream bean
• ice cream cone
• ice cream soda
• ice cream sundae
• ice fish
• Iceland
• Iceland moss
• iceplant
• icing
• idli
• iguana
• ilama
• illipe nut
• imbu (or umbu)
• imitation foods
• impala
• Inca food
• Inca wheat or quihuicha
• India
• Indian almond (or tropical almond)
• Indian fig or pear
• Indian pepper
• Indian sweets
• Indian whiting
• Indonesia
• injera
• ink cap
• inkfish
• insects as food
• Internet and food
• intestines
• Inuit cookery
• iodine
• Iran
• Iraq
• Ireland
• Ireland and the potato
• Irish moss
• Irish stew
• Irn-Bru
• iron
• irradiation
• isinglass
• Israel
• Italian cookery books
• Italy
• itriya
• Ivory Coast
• ivy gourd
• J
• jaboticaba
• jack
• jack bean
• jackfruit
• jack-knife clam
• jack rabbit
• jaggery
• Jains and food
• jalebi
• jam
• Jamaica
• Jamaica pepper
• Jamaica sorrel
• jambalaya
• jambolan
• jambon
• jambonneau
• jambu
• Jansson's temptation
• Japan
• Japanese clam
• Japanese culinary terms
• Japanese ‘plum’
• Japanese tea ceremony
• jap nuggets
• japonais
• Jarlsberg
• Java almond
• Java olive
• Java plum
• Jedburgh/Jeddart snails
• jelly
• jellybabies
• jelly beans
• jellyfish
• jelly fungus
• jelly roll
• jerky
• Jerusalem artichoke
• Jewish cookery
• Jewish dietary laws
• Jew's mallow
• jiaozi
• jicama
• jobfish
• Job's tears
• John Dory
• johnny cake
• jojoba
• jollof rice
• Jordan
• joshpara
• jostaberry
• journalism
• jug
• jujube
• jujubes
• jumbles
• juneberry
• juniper
• junket
• junsai
• K
• kabocha
• kachori (kachauri)
• kadayif
• kaffir
• kahawai
• kaiseki
• kaʾk
• kaki
• kale
• kamaboko
• kampyo
• Kamut
• kanaka pudding
• kangaroo apple
• kangaroos
• kapok-tree fruit
• karabij
• karaka
• karamelli
• karanda
• karela
• kasha
• kashk and kishk
• kashkaval
• Kashmir
• kasutera (sometimes spelled castera)
• katsuobushi
• kaymak
• Kazakhstan
• kebab
• kecap
• kedgeree
• kedrouvie nut
• kefalotyri
• kefir
• kei apple
• kelp
• kemiri
• kenari
• kenc(h)ur
• Kendal mint cake
• Kenney-Herbert Colonel (‘Wyvern’)
• Kentucky wonder beans
• Kenya
• keora
• kepayang
• kermes
• keshkul-e-fuqara
• ketambilla
• ketchup
• kewra (essence)
• kheer
• khichri
• khing sot
• Khmer Republic
• khoresht
• khoshab
• khoya
• khubz
• khus-khus
• kibbeh
• kickshaw
• kid
• kidney bean
• kidneys
• kimch'i
• king boletus
• king crab
• kingfish
• kingklip
• king mushroom
• kinilaw
• kinkajou
• kinugoshi
• kipper
• Kirghizia
• kisel
• kishk
• kısır
• kisses
• kitchen and kitchen equipment
• Kitchiner Dr William
• kiwano
• kiwi
• kiwi fruit (or Chinese gooseberry),
• knäckebröd
• knackwurst
• knafeh
• kneidlach
• Knödel
• knot
• knotweed or knotgrass
• kochojang (kocho chang, kochuzang)
• kofta
• kohlrabi
• koji
• kokam
• kolokotes
• kona crab
• konbu (often given as kombu),
• konbucha
• konjac
• konnyaku
• Korea
• korma
• kosher food
• Kosovo
• koumiss or kumiss
• krakelingen
• kreplach
• krill
• krupuk
• kubili nuts
• Kuchen
• Kuchenmeisterei
• kudu
• kudzu
• kugel
• kugelhopf
• kuku
• kulcha
• kulfi
• kulich
• kumquat
• kunafa(h)
• kushuri
• kvass
• L
• laban
• lablab bean
• labneh
• labskaus
• La Chapelle Vincent
• Lachsschinken (salmon ham),
• lactic acid
• lactose intolerance
• Ladakh
• laddu
• ladikanee
• ladyfingers
• ladyfish
• laevulose
• lagoon crab
• laksa
• laksa leaf
• lamb
• Lamb Patrick
• lambropsomo
• lamb's lettuce
• lamington
• lamprey
• Lancashire
• Lancashire hotpot
• land crabs
• langouste
• langoustine
• langsat
• langue de chat
• lanzone(s)
• Laos
• lapwing
• lard
• larding
• lardy cake
• lark
• larvae
• lasagne
• laser(pitium)
• lassi
• lath
• latke
• Latvia
• laurel leaves
• La Varenne François Pierre de (c.1615–78)
• lavash
• lavender
• laver, laverbread
• lavignon or lavagnon
• leather, fruit
• leatherback turtle
• leatherjacket
• leaven
• leaven bread
• Lebanon and Syria
• leben/laban, etc.
• Lebkuchen
• lecithin
• Leckerli
• leek
• leftovers
• leguan
• legume
• Leicester
• Leiden (or Leyden)
• lemon
• lemonade
• lemonade berry
• lemon grass
• lemon pepper
• lemon sole
• lemon verbena
• lengkuas
• Lent
• lentil
• Leslie Eliza (1787–1858)
• lettuce
• Levant garlic
• Liberia
• Libya
• lichens
• licorice
• Liebig Justus von (1803–73)
• Liederkranz
• lights
• lima bean
• Limburger
• lime
• lime flowers
• limetta
• limpet
• limu
• Lincoln Mary (1844–1921)
• ling
• lingonberry
• linguine
• Linnaeus Carolus,
• linseed
• Linzertorte
• lion
• Liptauer
• liquamen
• liquorice (or licorice)
• listeria
• litchi
• literature and food
• Lithuania
• littleneck
• Livarot
• liver
• living history and the history of food
• lizard
• lizard fish
• llama
• loach
• loaf cheese
• lobscouse
• lobster
• local food
• locro
• locust
• locust bean
• locust trees
• loganberry
• lokum
• lollipop
• longan
• longevity
• long-neck
• long pepper
• longpod bean
• lontong
• loquat
• lotus
• loucoum
• loukoumades
• lovage
• love-in-the-mist
• lovi-lovi
• low temperature cooking
• lozenges
• lubia
• lucanica
• lucerne
• luchi
• lucuma
• luderick
• luf
• luffa
• lumpfish
• lumpia
• lunch
• lungs
• lupin
• luqmat el qadi
• lutefisk
• luvar (or louvar)
• Luxembourg
• lychee
• lye
• M
• maʾamoul
• maas
• mabolo
• macadamia nuts
• macaroni
• macaroons
• Macau
• mace
• macedoine
• Macedonia
• macerate
• mâche
• mackerel
• Madagascar (Malagasy Republic),
• Madagascar bean
• Madeira
• Madeira cake
• madeleine
• madia
• madrai (pronounced mandrai)
• madrona
• magnesium
• maguey
• mahlab (mahleb, mahaleb)
• mahseer
• maidenhair berry
• maids of honour
• maigre
• maize
• Majorca
• mako
• makrut lime
• Malabar gourd
• Malagasy Republic
• malanga (or yautia, or tannia),
• Malawi
• malay apple
• Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei
• Maldives
• Mali
• mallard
• mallow
• malt or malted
• Malta, Gozo, and Comino
• malt bread
• maltose
• mamaliga
• mamee or mamey
• mamoncillo or genip(a)
• maʾmounia
• manatee
• Manchego
• Manchester pudding
• manchet
• mandarin
• mandarin limes
• manganese
• mange-tout
• mango
• mangoldwurzel
• mangosteen
• mangrove crab
• manicou
• manioc
• manketti nut or mugongo nut,
• manna
• manteche
• mantis shrimp
• mantou or mantu
• manus christi
• maomao
• maple candy/maple sugar
• maple syrup and maple sugar
• marang
• maraschino cherry
• marble cake
• marcassin
• marengo
• margarine
• Maria biscuits
• Maribo
• marigold
• marinade, marinate
• marjoram
• markets
• marking nut
• marlin or spearfish
• marmalade
• Marmite
• Maroilles
• marron
• marrons glacés
• marrow
• marshmallow
• marsh rabbit or hare
• marzipan
• masa
• masala
• mascarpone
• mashua
• mask crab
• maslin
• masoor
• Massialot, François
• mast
• mastic
• maté
• matefaim
• matelote
• matsumo
• matsutake
• matzo
• mauka
• Mauritania
• Mauritius
• May Robert (b. 1588)
• Maya food
• mayonnaise
• mazurka
• mead
• meadowsweet
• meagre
• meals
• mealtimes
• meat
• meatballs
• meat extracts
• meat glaze
• meat loaf
• meat preservation
• Medici, Catherine de’
• medicine and food
• medieval cuisine
• medieval cuisine: the sources
• Mediterranean diet
• medlar
• megapode
• megrim
• Mehlspeisen
• Melanesia
• Melba, Dame Nellie
• melegueta pepper
• melet
• melilot
• melokhia (or molokhia),
• melon
• Menagier de Paris, Le
• Menon
• menrui
• merenda (also merienda)
• merguez
• meringue
• Mesoamerica
• mesquite
• metabolic rate
• metabolism
• metal utensils
• Mexican oregano
• Mexico
• mezze (sometimes spelled meze)
• Micronesia
• micro-organisms
• microwave cooking
• Milanese
• milk
• milk bar
• milk bread
• milk cap
• milkfish
• milk puddings
• milk reduction
• mille feuilles
• miller
• millet
• milling
• milt
• mince
• mince pie
• minchin (also written as mien chien)
• minerals
• miner's lettuce
• minestrone
• minneola
• minnow
• mint
• mints
• mioga ginger
• mirabelle
• miracle berry
• Mirepoix Charles-Pierre-Gaston-François de Lévis, Duke of (1699–1757).
• mirin
• mirliton
• miroir
• mishsh
• miso
• mithai
• mitsuba
• Mitzithra
• mizuame
• mocha
• mochi
• mock turtle soup
• Moghul cuisine
• mohinga
• mojaban
• moki
• molasses
• Moldova
• mole
• molecular gastronomy
• moley
• molluscs
• Molokhovets, Mrs
• mombin
• momo
• Mongolia
• monitor
• monkey
• monkey pot nuts
• monkey's head mushroom
• monkfish
• monks and nuns
• monosodium glutamate
• monstera
• Montagné, Prosper
• mont blanc
• montelimar
• Montenegro (Crna Gora, ‘Black Mountain’)
• Monterey
• mooli
• mooncakes
• moonfish
• moorhen
• moose
• moray eel
• morello
• morels
• Moreton Bay bug
• mornay
• Morocco
• mortadella
• morwong
• mostarda di frutta di Cremona
• moth bean
• mouflon
• mould
• moussaka or musaka
• mousse
• mousseline
• mowra butter
• Mozambique
• mozuku
• mozzarella
• muesli
• muffaletta
• muffin
• mugwort
• muhallabia
• mulberry
• mullet
• mulligatawny soup
• mulloway
• mung bean
• Munster
• muntjac
• murex
• Murray cod
• musciame
• muscovado
• Muscovy duck
• mushimono
• mushroom
• mushroom literature
• mushrooms in Russia
• musk
• muskellunge
• musk ox
• muskrat
• Muslims and food
• mussel
• mustard
• mustard and cress
• mustard greens
• mutton
• mutton-bird
• muzzle
• Mycella
• mycoprotein
• myrobalan
• myrrh
• myrtle
• mysost
• N
• nabemono
• nameko
• namnam
• nam pla
• nam prik
• nan
• Naples biscuit
• naranjilla
• naras
• naseberry
• nasi goreng
• nasturtium
• nata
• Natal plum
• natto
• nautilus or pearly nautilus
• navarin
• navy bean
• neck
• nectar
• nectarine
• neeps
• Nelson, Admiral Lord
• nelumbo
• Nepal
• Nepal pepper
• Nesselrode pudding
• Nestlé Henri (1814–90)
• Netherlands
• nettles
• Neufchâtel
• neuroanatomy of food flavour
• New Zealand
• New Zealand grapefruit
• New Zealand spinach
• ngapi nut
• nigella
• Niger
• Nigeria
• Niger seed
• nightshade
• nimono
• niniche
• nipa palm
• nitrates and nitrites
• nixtamalization
• Noah's ark
• Noah's pudding
• no-eye pea
• noisette
• nonnat
• nonpareil
• Nonya cookery
• noodles
• nopales
• nori or laver
• Norway
• Norway lobster (or Dublin Bay prawn, and langoustine in French)
• nostoc
• Nostrale and Nostrano
• nougat
• nouilles
• nouvelle cuisine
• noyau
• Nudeln
• nuoc mam
• nursehound
• nursery food
• nut biscuits
• nut grass
• nutmeg
• nutmeg fruit
• nutrition
• nuts
• O
• oak
• oatcakes
• oatmeal
• oats
• obesity
• oca
• ocean quahog
• octopus
• offal
• oggy
• ogo
• ohelo berry
• oil palms
• oils
• oka
• okara
• okari nuts
• okashi
• Okinawa
• okra
• oleaster
• olio
• olive oil
• olives
• omelette
• omelette Norvégienne
• oncom
• one-pot cookery
• onion
• onion seed
• ooray
• opah
• opossum
• orach
• orange
• orange flower water
• orange peel fungus
• orange roughy
• orchil
• oregano
• oreillette
• organic food
• organ meats
• orgeat
• oriental onions
• Orkney and Shetland
• Orlando
• ormer
• oronge
• orris root
• Ortanique
• ortolan
• osmosis
• osso buco
• Osterhase
• Osterkarpfen
• ostrich
• otaheite apple
• otaheite gooseberry
• Othello
• otter shells
• Ottoman cuisine
• oursin
• ovolactarian
• ox
• oxalic acid
• oxo
• oxtail
• ox-tongue fungus
• oyster
• oyster crab
• oyster mushroom (or oyster fungus)
• oyster nut
• oyster plant
• P
• pa amb tomàquet
• Pääsiäisleipä
• paca
• pacay
• pacaya
• Pacific islands
• paddy straw mushroom
• padek
• paella
• pain d’épices
• pain perdu (literally, ‘lost bread’)
• pak
• pak choi
• Pakistan
• pakora (pakaura)
• paksiw
• palate
• palaver sauce
• palillo
• palm
• palm cabbage
• palm oil
• palm sugar
• Palmyra palm
• palolo
• paloodeh
• palourde
• pampano
• pan
• panada
• Panama
• pancake
• pancetta
• panch phoron
• pancreas
• pandanus leaf
• pandowdy
• panettone
• pangolin
• pan haggerty
• paniala
• panini
• panir
• panna cotta
• pansit
• pantua or pantoah,
• papad
• papaw
• papaya
• paper-bag cookery
• Papin, Denys
• paprika
• paprikás
• Papua New Guinea
• pará cress
• paradise nut
• Paraguay
• para nut
• parasol mushroom
• parata (or paratha)
• parboil
• parfait
• Paris-Brest
• Parker House
• parkin
• Parma ham
• Parmentier Antoine-Augustin (1737–1813)
• parmentiera
• Parmesan
• Parmesan pie
• Parmigiana di melanzane
• Parmigiano
• parrotfish
• parrots and cockatoos
• Parsi food
• parsley
• parsnip
• parson's nose
• partminger
• partridge
• paskha
• passion-fruit
• Passover (Pesach)
• pasta
• pastele
• Pasteur Louis (1822–95)
• pasteurization
• pasticcio
• pastillage
• pastille
• pastitsio
• pastizzi
• pastrami
• pastries
• pastry
• pasty
• Patagonian toothfish
• pata negra
• pâté
• pâte brisée
• pâtisserie
• paua
• pavlova
• pawpaw
• paximadia
• payasam
• pea
• pea bean
• peach
• peacock
• peacock-pheasant
• pea crab
• peafowl
• peanut
• pear
• pearl onion
• pearl oyster
• peasemeal
• pease pudding (alternatively known as pease porridge)
• pecan
• peccary
• pêche Melba
• pecorino
• pectin
• pejibaye
• Peking duck
• pekmez
• pelican's foot
• pel'meni
• pemmican
• penguin
• penides, pennets
• Pennsylvania Dutch
• pennyroyal
• pepino
• pepper
• peppergrass, -wort, etc.
• peppermint
• pepper pot (sometimes pepperpot)
• percebe
• perch
• perilla
• periwinkle
• perle Japon
• permit
• Persia
• persillade
• persimmon or American persimmon
• Peru
• pesto
• peté
• petit beurré
• petit four
• petit suisse
• Petronius
• petticoat tails
• pettitoes
• peynir
• Pfeffernüsse
• phalsa
• pH factor
• pheasant
• Philippines
• philosophy and food
• Pholiota mushrooms
• phosphorus
• photography and food
• phulka
• physalis fruits
• picada
• picarel
• piccalilli
• pickerel
• pickle
• ‘pickled’ cheeses (or brined cheeses)
• pickling melon
• pickling onions
• picnic
• piddock
• pie
• pig
• pigeon
• pigeon pea
• pignola
• pignut
• pig's trotter fungus
• pigweed
• pike
• pikelet
• pike-perch
• pilaf or pilau,
• pilchard
• pili nut
• pilotfish
• pil-pil also pili-pili and piri-piri,
• pimento
• pimentón
• pimiento
• pineapple
• pine nut (or pi ñon, pinyon, pignolia)
• pink peppercorns
• pinole
• piñon
• pintail
• pinto bean
• pipi
• piri-piri
• pirog
• pirozhki
• pish pash
• pismo clam
• pissaladière
• pissenlit
• pistachio
• pistolet
• pistou
• pitanga or Surinam cherry
• pitaya
• pit cookery
• pithiviers
• pitomba
• pitta
• pizza
• plaice
• plank
• plantain (fruit)
• plantain (plant)
• Plat Sir Hugh
• Platina Bartolomeo (1421–81)
• Pliny
• plover
• pluck
• plum
• plumb cake
• plum mango
• plum pudding
• poach
• poached egg fungus
• pochard
• poetry and food
• poffertje
• poha
• pohickory
• poi
• pokerounce
• pokeweed
• Poland
• polenta
• politics and food
• polkagris
• pollack
• pollock
• Polo Marco
• polony
• polvorone
• Polynesia
• polypores
• polyunsaturates
• pomegranate
• pomelo or pummelo (as preferred by many authorities), or shaddock,
• pomfret
• pomology
• pompano
• pond apple
• Ponkan
• Pontefract cakes
• Pont l’évêque
• ponyfish
• poolish
• poori
• poor knights
• popcorn
• popover
• poppadom (papadam, papadum),
• poppy
• porbeagle or porbeagle shark,
• porcupine
• porgy
• pork
• pörkölt
• pork pie
• porpoise
• porridge
• portable soup
• Port Salut
• Portugal
• posh-té
• posole
• posset
• potage
• potassium
• potato
• Potatoes in cookery
• pot-au-feu
• ‘pot’ cheeses
• potée
• potlatch
• potluck
• pot-roast
• pottage
• potted cheese
• potted meat
• potting
• poudre douce, poudre fort
• poularde, poule, poulet
• pound cake
• poutine
• powan
• powsowdie
• prairie chicken
• prairie dog
• prairie oyster
• praline
• prawn
• prawn crackers
• pré-salé
• preservation
• preserve
• pressure cooking
• pretzel
• prickly ash
• prickly pear also called Barbary pear,
• primrose
• prince
• prinjolata
• processed cheese
• profiteroles
• pronghorn
• prosciutto
• protein
• protein and human history
• provolone
• prune
• ptarmigan
• puchero
• pudding
• Puerto Rico
• puffballs
• pufferfish
• puffin
• puff pastry
• pulasan
• pulled candy
• pulses
• puma
• pumpernickel
• pumpkin
• pumpkin pie
• punchnep
• pupton
• pupunha
• purslane
• puto
• Q
• qat
• qataʾif (kadayif, kunafa, knafeh),
• qawarma (or confit dʾagneau)
• quahog
• quail
• quaking pudding
• quandong
• quark (pronounced ‘kvahrk’ and meaning curd)
• queen
• queen cake
• queen crab
• queenfish
• queen's pudding or queen of puddings,
• quenelles
• queso
• quiche
• quihuicha
• quillaja
• quince
• quince preserves
• quinoa
• Quorn
• quroot
• qymaq
• R
• rabadi
• rabbit
• rabbit fish
• Rabisha, William
• raccoon
• raclette
• radicchio
• radish
• Raffald Elizabeth (1733–81)
• raffia
• ragi
• ragout
• ragú
• rail
• rainbow runner
• raisiné
• raisins, sultanas, and currants
• raisin tree
• raita
• rakefisk
• Raleigh, Sir Walter
• Ramadan
• rambai
• rambutan
• ramekin
• ramen
• ramontchi
• rampion
• ramsons
• rancidity
• Randolph, Mrs Mary
• rape
• rarebit
• rascasse
• ras-el-hanout
• rasgulla
• raskara
• raspberry
• rastefisk
• rat
• ratafia
• ratatouille
• rattan
• rattlesnake
• raupo
• rau ram
• ravigote
• ravioli
• raw food
• ray and skate
• ray's bream
• razor clam or razor-shell
• reblochon
• red cod
• red-cook
• red crab
• redfish
• red herring
• red mullet
• red peppercorns (or pink peppercorns)
• red sanders
• red snapper
• reed bird/rice bird
• reestit mutton
• refried beans
• refrigeration
• reindeer
• reindeer moss
• relish
• rémoulade
• rendang
• rennet
• reshteh
• resin
• restaurant
• resurrection cheese
• rhea
• rhinoceros
• rhubarb
• rice
• rice bean
• rice cakes of the Philippines
• rice paper
• rice pudding
• ricotta
• ridged gourd
• rijsttafel
• rillette
• riout(t)e
• risotto
• rissole
• roast
• robber crab
• robiola
• rocambole
• rock
• rock cake
• rock cod
• rock crab
• rocket
• rock-fish
• rockling
• rock-rabbit
• rock ‘salmon’
• rødgrøt
• roe
• rolled fondant
• rollmop
• rolls
• roly-poly pudding
• Romadur
• Romania
• Romano
• Rombauer Irma (1877–1962)
• romesco
• rook
• root beer
• Roquefort
• Rorer Sarah Tyson (1849–1937)
• rose-apple
• roselle
• rose-hips
• rosemary
• roses
• rosewater
• roti
• roughage
• roughy
• rouille
• roulade
• roux
• rowan and sorb
• royal jelly
• rubber brush fungus
• rue
• ruff and reeve
• rukam
• Rumford Count (1753–1814)
• Rumohr Karl (1785–1843)
• Rumpolt, Max
• Rundell, Mrs
• runner bean
• rush nut
• rusks
• Russia
• Russian cheeses
• russula
• rutabaga
• Rwanda
• rye
• rye breads
• Ryukyu
• S
• Saanen
• sabayon
• sablé
• saccharin
• Sachertorte
• saddle
• safflower
• saffron
• saffron cake or saffron bread
• sage
• sage cheese
• sago
• saiga
• sailfish
• St George's mushroom
• Saint-Nectaire
• St Nicholas
• Saint-Paulin
• saithe
• saké
• salad
• salak
• salal
• salamander
• salami
• salep
• saleratus
• saliva
• Sally Lunn
• salmagundi (or salmagundy),
• salmon
• salmonberry
• salmonella
• salmon trout
• saloop
• ṣalṣ
• salsa verde
• salsiccia
• salsify, scolymus, and scorzonera
• salt
• salt beef
• salt cod
• saltimbocca
• salting
• saltpetre
• salt pork
• salt-rising dough
• salts
• sambal
• sambar
• samfaina
• samn(eh)
• samosa
• samphire
• Samsoe
• sanbusak
• sandalwood
• sand-bug
• sandcake/sandtorte
• sand crab
• sand-eels
• sanders
• sandesh
• sand leek
• sand-smelt
• sandwich
• sansho (or Japanese prickly ash)
• santol
• sapodilla
• sapota or sapote
• sappaen
• saps
• Sapsago
• sapucaya nut
• sardi/garmi
• sardine
• Sardo
• sarsaparilla
• sashimi
• sassafras
• sassermaet
• satay or saté
• satsuma
• sauce Robert
• sauces
• Saudi Arabia
• sauerkraut
• saury
• sausage
• sauté
• savarin
• saveloy
• savory
• savouries
• Savoy
• sawfish
• Saxon pudding
• Sbrinz
• scabbard fish
• scad
• scald
• scaldfish
• scallions
• scallop
• scamorza
• scampi
• Scappi
• scarlet elf cup
• Schabziger
• schnitzel
• scollops
• scolymus
• scone
• score
• scorpion fish
• scorzonera
• Scotch broth or barley broth,
• Scotch egg
• Scotch pie
• scoter
• Scotland
• scrapple
• screwbean
• screwpine
• scrod
• scrub-fowl
• scurvy
• scurvy grass
• sea anemone
• sea bass
• sea biscuit
• sea bream
• sea buckthorn
• sea cicada
• sea clam
• sea-coconut
• sea cucumber
• sea grapes
• seakale
• sea lettuce
• sealing
• seals
• sea perch
• sea pie
• sea purslane
• searing
• sea trout or salmon trout,
• sea turtles
• sea urchin
• seaweeds
• seed cake
• seladang
• semolina
• Senegal
• Sent Sovi
• Serbia
• serrano ham or ‘mountain ham’
• service à la française
• service à la russe
• service-berries
• sesame
• sev and seviyan
• seviche
• sevruga
• sewin
• Seychelles
• shabu-shabu
• shad
• shaddock
• shado béni
• shaggy cap
• shalab
• shallot
• shaʾriyya
• sharks
• shark's fin
• sharon fruit
• shashlik
• shawarma
• shchi
• shea butter
• shearwater
• sheep
• shellfish
• shepherd's pie
• shepherd's purse
• sherbet
• Shetland
• shichimi
• shiitake
• shiokara
• ships and food
• ship's biscuit or hard tack or sea biscuit
• shipworm
• shirataki
• shirumono
• shiso
• shola (or sholleh)
• shoofly pie
• shorba
• shore crab
• shortbread
• shortcake
• shortening
• shoyu
• Shrewsbury cakes
• shrikhand
• shrimp
• Sichuan pepper
• Sierra Leone
• Silk Road
• silkworm
• silphium
• silver
• silverberry
• silverside
• simit
• simmer
• Simmonds Peter Lund (1814–97)
• Simmons Amelia
• simnel cake
• sinarapan
• sin-eating
• Singapore
• singhara nut
• singin’ hinnie
• sinigang
• siphnopitta
• sirnik
• şiş (or shish) kebab
• skate
• skipjack
• skipper
• skirlie
• skirret
• skorthalia
• skunk
• skyr
• slipcote cheese
• slipmouth
• slipper limpet
• slipper lobster
• sloe or blackthorn
• sloke
• Slovakia
• Slovenia
• Slow Food
• slump
• smallage
• smartweed
• smell
• smelt
• smetana
• smierkase
• Smith E. (c.1675–c.1732)
• smoking foods
• smörgåsbord
• smørrebrød
• snails
• snake gourd
• snakes
• snap bean
• snapper
• snickerdoodle
• snipe
• snoek
• snow
• snow crab
• soapwort
• soba
• sociology and food
• soda bread
• sodium
• soffritto and sofrito
• sofregit
• soft-shelled clam
• soft-shelled crabs
• sole
• Solomon Gundy
• Somalia
• somen
• soncoya
• sonofabitch stew
• soor plooms
• sop
• sopa de ajo
• sorb
• sorbet
• sorghum
• sorrel
• sosatie
• souari nut
• soufflé
• soul food
• soup
• sour cream
• sourdough bread
• sour milk
• soursop
• sous vide
• Southern Africa
• southern pea
• southernwood
• souvlaki
• Soviet Union (former)
• sowans
• soya bean
• Soyer, Alexis
• soy milk
• soy sauce
• space, food in
• spaghetti
• spaghetti squash
• Spain
• spam
• Spanish bayonet
• Spanish cheeses
• Spanish cookery books
• Spanish fly
• Spanish mackerel
• Spanish needles
• Spanish thyme
• sparrow
• spatchcock
• spätzle
• spearfish
• spearmint
• speculaas, speculoos, spekulatius
• spelt
• spiced beef
• spice mixtures or ‘mixed spices’,
• spices
• spice trade
• spider crab
• spider herb
• spiders
• spikenard
• spinach
• spiny lobster
• spitchcock
• spleen (or melt or milt),
• split pulse
• sponge biscuit/finger
• sponge cake
• sponge pudding
• spoonbread
• spotted dick and spotted dog
• sprat
• springbok
• Springerle
• spring onions
• spring roll
• sprouting
• Spry Constance (1886–1960)
• spun sugar
• squab
• squash
• squashberry
• squawfish
• squawroot
• squeteague
• squid
• squirrel
• Sri Lanka
• stage meals
• stainless steel
• staple foods and staples
• star anise
• star apple
• starch
• starfruit
• stargazey pie
• starling
• steak
• steak and kidney pudding or pie
• steam
• steamed puddings
• steamer
• steppe or stepnoj
• sterlet
• stew
• Stilton
• stinkhorn
• stir-fry
• stock
• stockfish
• Stollen
• stomach
• stone crab
• stonecrop
• stone mushroom
• store cheese
• stork
• stotty cake
• stovies
• stracchino
• strawberry
• strawberry pear
• ‘Strawberry tree’ or arbutus,
• straw mushrooms
• street food
• Streusel
• string hopper
• striped bass
• Stroganov, Stroganoff
• stroopballetje
• strudel
• stufato and stufatino
• stuff and stuffing
• sturgeon
• submarine
• sub-Saharan Africa
• subtleties
• succory
• succotash
• sucket
• sucking lamb
• sucking pigs
• sucrose
• Sudan
• suet
• suet puddings
• sugar
• sugara
• sugaralle
• sugar almonds
• sugar-apple
• sugarberry
• sugar boiling
• sugar candy
• sugar paste
• sugar wrack
• suimono
• sukiyaki
• sulphur shelf
• sultana
• sumac
• suman
• summer pudding
• summer squash
• sumptuary laws
• sundae
• sunflower
• sunomono
• sunset shells (or sunset clams)
• supper
• suprême
• suram
• surf clam
• Surinam
• Surinam cherry
• surströmming
• surtout
• sushi
• Sussex pond pudding
• susumber
• swamp cabbage
• swamp-hen
• swan
• swede and rutabaga
• Sweden
• sweep
• sweet and sour
• sweetbread mushroom
• sweetbreads
• sweet cicely
• sweetcorn
• sweet cream and sweet curd
• sweeteners
• sweeties
• sweet potato
• sweets
• sweet sop
• swimming crabs
• Swiss chard
• Swiss roll
• Switzerland
• sword bean
• swordfish
• syllabub (or sillabub)
• symposium
• syr and sir
• Syria
• syrups
• T
• ta'amia
• Tabasco
• tabashir
• tabbouleh
• tabil
• tablet
• table-top cookery
• taboo (or tabu)
• taco
• tade
• taffy
• tagine
• tagliatelle
• tahini (sometimes tahina)
• Tahiti
• Tahitian quince
• Taillevent (c.1312–95)
• tails
• Taiwan
• Tajikistan
• Taleggio
• tamales
• tamari
• tamarillo
• tamarind
• tampumpie
• tandoor
• tangelo
• tangerine
• tangor
• tannia
• tansy
• Tanzania
• tapas
• tapé
• tapioca
• tapir
• taramosalata
• tarator
• tarhana or trahana(s)
• taro
• tarpon
• tarragon
• tart
• tartare
• tartaric acid
• tarte tatin
• taste
• tasting
• Tatar cuisine
• tatties ‘n’ herring
• tausi
• tautog
• tayberry
• tea
• tea (as a meal)
• tea breads and tea cakes
• tea-bush
• teal
• tef (or teff)
• tejpat
• television and food
• telfairia nut
• tempe (or tempeh)
• temperature
• Temple orange
• tempura
• tench
• tenderizers
• tengkawang
• tengusa
• tennis cake
• tepary bean
• teredo worm
• teriyaki
• termite heap mushroom
• termites
• tern eggs
• terrapin
• terrine
• terroir
• testicles
• Tex-Mex
• texsel greens
• textured vegetable protein (tvp)
• Thailand
• thali
• Thanksgiving
• tharid (or tharida)
• Theophrastus
• thermometers
• thickening agents
• thistle
• thousand island dressing
• threadfin bream
• threadfins
• thrush
• thunder and lightning
• thyme
• thymus
• ti
• Tibet
• tiffin
• tiger nut
• tikka
• tilapia
• tilefish
• Tilsiter (or Tilsit)
• timbale
• timur
• tinamou
• tinda
• tinned foods
• tinola
• tipsy cake
• tiramisu
• tisane
• toad in the hole
• toadstool
• toast
• toast water
• toddy
• toffee
• toffee apple
• tofu
• Togo
• toheroa
• toma, tomino
• tomate de mer
• tomatillo
• tomato
• tomcod
• tomme
• tongue
• tongue clam
• tonic water
• tonka bean
• tooth fungi
• topitambo
• top-shells
• torch ginger
• torrone/turrón
• torsk (or tusk)
• Torte and Kuchen
• tortilla
• tortoise
• tostada
• tournedos
• tourte de moy
• tous les mois
• toxins
• trace elements
• tra(k)hana(s)
• Trappist cheese
• trasi
• travel and food
• travelling sauce
• treacle
• tree bean
• tree-cotton
• tree onion (or proliferous/top/Egyptian onion),
• tree tomato or tamarillo,
• trefoil
• trevally
• trifle
• trigger fish
• Trinidad
• tripe
• tripletail
• triticale
• trotters
• trout
• truffle
• trumpeter (1)
• trumpeter (2)
• tsampa
• tsatsiki
• tsukemono
• tuatua
• tucupi sauce
• tuile
• tummelberry
• tuna (or tunny),
• tuna fig
• Tunisia
• tunny
• tunta
• tuoni e lampos
• tur
• turbot
• turkey
• Turkey
• Turkish delight
• Turkmenistan
• turmeric
• turnip
• turnover
• turtle
• tutmaç
• Twelfth Night cake
• tzimmes
• U
• udder
• udo
• udon
• Uganda
• ugli
• Ukraine
• ulluco
• umami
• umble pie, umbles
• ume
• umeboshi
• umkokolo
• upside down cake (upside down pudding)
• urd (or urad, or black gram)
• Uruguay
• USA
• Uzbekistan
• V
• vacherin
• vandyking
• vanilla
• vareniki
• vareno zhito
• variety meats
• vasilopitta
• veal
• vegan
• Vegemite
• vegetable humming bird
• vegetable lamb
• vegetable marrow
• vegetable oils
• vegetable spaghetti
• vegetarianism
• velouté
• velvet bean
• vendace
• Venezuela
• venison
• venus shell or venus clam,
• verjuice
• vermicelli
• verni
• Verral William (1715–61)
• vervain
• vetch
• ve-tsin
• vichyssoise
• Victoria sandwich cake
• viennoiserie
• Vietnam
• Vietnamese coriander/mint
• vinaigrette
• vin cuit
• vindaloo
• vinegar
• vinegar cake
• vine leaves
• vine spinach
• violet (1)
• violet (2)
• viscacha
• vitamins
• voileipäpöytä
• vol-au-vent
• vongola
• W
• wafer
• waffle
• wahoo
• wakame
• Waldorf salad
• Wales
• walleye
• walnut
• wampee (or wampi)
• wapiti
• war
• Ward Artemas (1848–1925)
• warehou
• warqa
• warthog
• wasabi
• Washington clams
• washing up (or ‘doing the dishes’, ‘faire la vaisselle’, and so on)
• wasp
• water
• water apple, water rose apple
• water biscuits
• water-buffalo
• water bugs
• water chestnut
• watercress
• water dropwort
• water hawthorn
• water hyacinth
• water ices
• waterleaf
• watermelon
• water parsnip
• water spinach
• waterzooi
• wattle
• wax bean
• wax caps
• wax gourd
• weakfish
• wedding meals and cakes
• wedge shell (or wedge clam, or coquina)
• weed
• weever
• wels
• Welsh cakes
• Welsh onion
• Welsh rabbit
• Wensleydale
• West and Central Africa
• Western Sahara
• West Indies
• wet Nellie
• whale
• wheat
• wheatear
• wheat products and dishes
• whelk
• whey
• whey cheeses
• whim wham
• white ants
• whitebait
• whitefish
• white pot
• white pudding
• white sauce
• White Trash cooking
• whiting
• wholemeal
• whortleberry
• Wiener Schnitzel
• wigeon or widgeon,
• wigs (or whigs, or wiggs)
• wild boar
• wild duck
• wildebeest
• wild garlic
• wild rice
• Windsor bean
• wine
• winged bean
• winged pea
• winkle
• wintergreen
• winter melon
• winter squash
• witchetty grubs
• witloof
• wok cookery
• wolf-fish
• Wolley (Woolley) Hannah (1622/3–c.1675)
• wonderberry
• wonton (or won ton)
• wood apple
• woodchuck
• woodcock
• wood ear (or tree ear)
• wood mushroom
• woodpigeon
• woodruff
• wood sorrel
• Worcester(shire) sauce
• worms
• wormwood
• wrack
• wrapped foods
• wrasse
• wreckfish
• Y
• yabby
• yacon
• yak
• yakimono
• yam
• yam bean
• yampa
• yard long bean
• yarg
• yautia
• yeast
• yeheb nut (also yeeb, ye-eb, ye'eb),
• yellowman
• yellowtail (kingfish)
• Yemen
• yin-yang
• ylang-ylang
• yoghurt
• yomari
• York cheese
• Yorkshire Christmas pie
• Yorkshire pudding
• youngberry
• ysaño
• yuba
• yuca
• yucca
• yufka
• yuzu
• Z
• zaatar (or zaʾatar or zahtar)
• zabaglione
• Zaire
• zakuski
• Zambia
• zambo
• zampone
• zander
• zapote
• zebra
• zebu
• zedoary
• zensai
• zeppole
• zhug
• Zimbabwe
• zinc
• zoloobiya
• zucchini
• zuppa inglese
• zweite Frühstück
• zwieback
• Bibliography
• Picture Acknowledgements