Offers a wide range of perspectives to provide an encompassing context of the United States' military and diplomatic legacies

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Preface
• Common Abbreviations Used in this Work
• A
• ABM Treaty
• Acheson, Dean
• Adams, John (1735–1826),
• Adams, John Quincy (1767–1848),
• Adams–Onís Treaty
• Addams, Jane (1860–1935),
• Afghanistan War (SINCE 2001)
• Africa
• Agency for International Development
• Agent Orange
• Air Force, U.S.
• Overview
• Origins of the Air Force
• Air Force Independence and the Cold War
• Air Force Academy
• Alabama Claims Controversy
• Alamo, Battle of the
• Alaska, Purchase of
• Albright, Madeleine (1937– ),
• Algeciras Conference
• Alliance for Progress
• Al-Qaeda
• America First Committee
• American Friends Service Committee
• American Legion
• Analogy in U.S. Diplomacy
• Antebellum Era, U.S. Military and Diplomatic Affairs during the
• Anti-Americanism
• Anti-Communism
• Antietam, Battle of
• Anti-imperialism
• Antinuclear Protest Movements
• Antiwar Movements
• Apartheid, U.S. Policy toward
• Arab–Israeli Conflict, U.S. Policy toward
• Arlington National Cemetery
• Arms Control
• Arms Race
• Army, U.S.
• Overview
• Colonial and Revolutionary Eras
• 1783–1865
• 1866–1899
• 1900–1941
• Since 1941
• Army Corps of Engineers, U.S.
• Army–McCarthy Hearings
• Arnold, Benedict (1741–1801),
• Arthur, Chester A. (1829–1886),
• Articles of Confederation
• Asia
• Atlantic Charter
• Atomic Bomb
• Atomic Energy Commission
• Australia
• B
• Bacon’s Rebellion
• Baker, James (1930– ),
• Balch, Emily Greene (1867–1961),
• Barbary Wars
• Baruch Plan
• Bases, U.S. Military, Domestic and Foreign
• Bay of Pigs
• Berlin Blockade and Airlift
• Black Hawk (c. 1767–1838),
• Blaine, James G. (1830–1893),
• Bombing, Strategy and Ethics of
• Bombing Survey, U.S. Strategic
• Bonus Army
• Boston Massacre
• Boston Tea Party
• Brant, Joseph (1742–1807),
• Bretton Woods Conference
• Brookings Institution and RAND Corporation
• Brownsville Incident
• Bryan, William Jennings (1860–1925),
• Buchanan, James (1791–1868),
• Bulge, Battle of the
• Bull Run, Battle of
• Bunche, Ralph J. (1904–1971),
• Bundy, McGeorge (1919–1996),
• Bunker Hill, Battle of
• Bureau of Indian Affairs
• Burr, Aaron (1756–1836),
• Burr Conspiracy
• Bush, George H. W. (1924– ),
• Bush, George W. (1946– ),
• Bush, Vannevar
• Bush Doctrine
• Byrnes, James F.
• C
• Camp David Accords
• Caribbean, The
• Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
• Caroline Episode
• Carter Doctrine
• Carter, Jimmy
• Central Intelligence Agency
• Chaplaincy in the U.S. Military
• Cheney, Richard B. (1941– ),
• Cherokee Cases
• Chile, U.S. Destabilization Policy toward (1973)
• China, Opening to
• China, People’s Republic of
• Christopher, Warren (1925–2011),
• Civil Defense
• Civil Liberties, Suppression of
• Civil War (1861–1865)
• Causes
• Military and Diplomatic Course
• Domestic Course
• Postwar Impact
• Changing Interpretations
• Clark, George Rogers (1752–1818),
• Clay, Henry (1777–1852), U.S. congressman, senator, secretary of state, presidential candidate, and Whig Party leader.
• Clayton–Bulwer Treaty
• Cleveland, Grover (1837–1908), twenty-second and twenty-fourth president of the United States.
• Clifford, Clark (1906–1998), lawyer, presidential adviser,
• Clinton Doctrine
• Clinton, Bill (1946– ),
• Coast Guard, U.S.
• Cold War (1945–1991)
• Causes
• External Course
• Domestic Course
• Changing Interpretations
• Collective Security
• Colonial Era, U.S. Military and Diplomatic Affairs during the
• Commander in Chief, President as
• Common Sense
• Communism
• Conant, James B. (1893–1978), president of Harvard University, science administrator, and diplomat.
• Confederate States of America
• Congress and Foreign Policy and Military Affairs
• Conscientious Objection
• Conscription
• Constitution, Basis for Diplomacy and War in the
• Constitutional Convention of 1787
• Containment
• Coolidge, Calvin (1872–1933), thirtieth president of the United States, from 1923 to 1929.
• Council on Foreign Relations
• Counterinsurgency
• Covert Operations
• Crazy Horse
• Creek War
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• Cultural Turn in History of U.S. Foreign Relations
• Custer, George Armstrong
• D
• Davis, Jefferson (1808–1889),
• Dawes Plan
• Dawes Severalty Act
• D-Day Landing
• Declaration of Independence
• Defense Budgets
• Defense Contractors, Private
• Defense, U.S. Department of
• Defense Industry
• Defense, U.S. Secretaries of
• Democracy Promotion
• Democratic Party
• Department of Veterans Affairs
• Détente
• Diplomacy, Theories of
• Dollar Diplomacy
• Domestic Politics, Influence of, on U.S. Foreign Policy
• Dominican Republic, U.S. Interventions in
• Domino Theory
• Don’t Ask Don’t Tell
• Draft, The
• Drugs, War on
• Dulles, John Foster
• E
• Early Republic, U.S. Military and Diplomatic Affairs during the
• Eisenhower Doctrine
• Eisenhower, Dwight D. (1890–1969),
• Embargo Acts
• Espionage
• Espionage and Sedition Acts
• Europe
• European Recovery Program
• Expansionism
• F
• Farragut, David (1801–1870),
• Flexible Response
• Ford Foundation
• Ford, Gerald R. (1913–2006),
• Foreign Aid
• Foreign Policy
• Foreign-Policy Analysis
• Foreign Relations
• Foreign Trade, U.S.
• Foundations, Philanthropic, and U.S. Foreign Policy
• Fourteen Points
• Franklin, Benjamin
• French and Indian War
• Fulbright, William (1905–1995), U.S. senator from Arkansas from 1945 to 1974.
• G
• Gadsden Purchase
• Garvey, Marcus (1887–1940), Jamaican publisher, businessman, and black-nationalist leader.
• Gates Foundation
• Gates, Robert
• Gender and American Foreign Policy
• Gender, Sexuality, and War
• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Gatt)
• Geneva Conventions
• Geronimo (1823?–1909).
• Gettysburg, Battle of
• Gettysburg Address
• Ghent, Treaty of
• GI Bill
• Gilded Age and Progressive Era, U.S. Military and Diplomatic Affairs during the
• Global Economy, America and the
• Good Neighbor Policy
• Grand Army of the Republic
• Grand Strategy
• Grant, Ulysses S. (1822–1885), Civil War general and eighteenth president of the United States.
• Greene, Nathanael
• Grenada, Invasion of
• Group of Seven Conferences
• Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of
• GuantÁnamo Bay
• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
• Gulf War
• H
• Hadley, Stephen
• Haig, Alexander (1924–2010), U.S. Army officer, secretary of state, business executive.
• Haiti, U.S. Relations with
• Hamilton, Alexander
• Hard Power
• Harrison, Benjamin
• Hawai‘ian Annexation
• Hawley–Smoot Tariff
• Hay, John
• Helsinki Accords
• Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Atomic Bombing of
• Historiography
• American Diplomatic History
• American Military History
• Holbrooke, Richard
• Homosexuality, Policy toward, in the U.S. Military
• Hoover, Herbert
• Hopkins, Harry
• House, Edward “Colonel”
• House of Representatives
• Houston, Sam
• Hull, Cordell
• Human Rights, International
• Hussein, Saddam
• Hydrogen Bomb
• I
• Ideals, Military
• Ideology as a Factor in U.S. Foreign Relations
• Imperial Wars
• India
• India–Pakistan Conflict, U.S. Policy toward
• Indonesia, U.S. Relations with
• Institute of Pacific Relations
• Insular Cases
• Intelligence, Military and Political
• Intelligence Oversight Act
• Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles
• International Criminal Court
• Internationalism
• International Law
• International Monetary Fund
• International Relations Theory and U.S. Foreign Policy
• Internment of Enemy Aliens and Combatants
• Internment of Japanese Americans
• Interventionism
• Interwar Period, U.S. Military and Diplomatic Affairs during the
• Iran
• Iran-Contra Affair
• Iranian Hostage Crisis
• Iran–Iraq War, U.S. Policy toward
• Iraq Wars
• Iroquois Confederacy
• Isolationism
• Israel, U.S. Relations with
• Iwo Jima, Battle of
• J
• Jackson, Andrew
• Jackson, Henry “Scoop”
• Jackson, Thomas J. “Stonewall”
• Japan
• Japanese Americans, Incarceration of
• Japanese Internment
• Jay, John
• Jay’s Treaty
• Jefferson, Thomas
• Jingoism
• Johnson, Andrew
• Johnson, Lyndon B.
• Joint Chiefs of Staff
• Jones, John Paul
• Jones Jr., James
• Judiciary and Foreign Policy
• Justice, Military
• Articles of War
• Uniform Code of Military Justice (Since 1950)
• Military Crimes
• Military Police
• Military Courts
• Military Punishment
• Military Prisons
• Just War Theory
• K
• Kellogg, Frank B. (1856–1937),
• Kellogg–Briand Pact
• Kennan, George F.
• Kennedy, John F.
• King, Ernest J.
• King Philip’s War
• Kirkpatrick, Jeane
• Kissinger, Henry
• Korean War
• L
• Laird, Melvin (b. 1922),
• Lansing, Robert
• Law, International
• League of Nations
• Leahy, William D. (1875–1959),
• Lebanon, U.S. Intervention in (1982–1983)
• Lee, Robert E.
• LeMay, Curtis E.
• Leyte Gulf, Battle of
• Lincoln, Abraham
• Little Bighorn, Battle of the
• Lobbies, Influence of, on U.S. Foreign Policy
• London Economic Conference
• Long Telegram
• Louisiana Purchase
• M
• MacArthur, Douglas
• Madison, James
• Mahan, Alfred Thayer
• Maine, USS, Sinking of
• Manhattan Project
• Manifest Destiny
• Marine Corps, U.S.
• Overview
• 1775–1865
• 1865–1914
• 1914–1945
• Since 1945
• Marshall, George C.
• Marshall Plan
• Marxism-Leninism
• Massive Retaliation
• Mayaguez Incident
• McChrystal, Stanley
• McClellan, George
• McKinley, William
• McNamara, Robert S.
• Media, Role of, in U.S. Foreign Policy
• War and the Military in News Media
• War and the Military in Photography
• Meigs, Montgomery
• Mexican War
• Mexico
• Middle East, The
• Midway, Battle of
• Military–Industrial Complex
• Military Service Academies
• Military Strategy
• Military, The
• Missiles
• Missionary Movements
• Mitchell, Billy (1879–1936),
• Modernization Theory
• Monroe, James (1758–1831),
• Monroe Doctrine
• Moore, John Bassett (1860–1947),
• Morgenthau Plan
• Mormon War
• Movies, Military Depiction in
• Munich
• Mutually Assured Destruction (Mad)
• My Lai Massacre
• N
• National Guard and Army Reserve
• National Missile Defense
• National Security
• National Security Act of 1947
• National Security Agency
• National Security Council
• National Security Council Document 68
• National Security Memoranda
• Native Americans in the Military
• Native American Wars
• Nato
• Naval Academy
• Navigation Acts
• Navy, U.S.
• Overview
• 1775–1865
• 1866–1898
• 1899–1945
• Since 1945
• Neoconservatism
• Neutrality
• Neutrality Acts
• New Look Policy, Eisenhower’s
• New Orleans, Battle of
• Niebuhr, Reinhold
• Nimitz, Chester
• Nitze, Paul H.
• Nixon Doctrine
• Nixon, Richard M.
• Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968)
• Normandy Invasion
• North American Free Trade Agreement (Nafta)
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Northern Ireland Peace Process, U.S. Diplomacy in the
• Nuclear Arms Control Treaties
• Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, Comprehensive
• Nuclear Strategy
• Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
• Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, Limited
• Nuclear Weapons and Strategy
• The Cold War Nuclear Arms Race
• Nuclear Arms Control in the Cold War
• Nuclear Counter-proliferation after the Cold War
• Missiles and Nuclear Missile Defense
• Nuremberg Trials
• O
• Obama, Barack (1961– ),
• Office of Strategic Services
• Olney, Richard (1835–1917),
• Opechancanough (c. 1545–1646),
• “Open Door” Policy
• Organization of American States
• Osceola (c. 1804–1838),
• Ostend Manifesto
• P
• Pacific Islands
• Pacifism
• Paine, Thomas (1737–1809),
• Pakistan
• Panama, U.S. Military Intervention in
• Panama Canal
• Pan-American Union
• Paris Peace Conference
• Paris, Treaty of
• Partial Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
• Patriot Act, U.S.A.
• Patton, George S., Jr. (1885–1945),
• Peace Corps
• Peace Movements
• Peace Progressives
• Pearl Harbor, Attack on
• Pensions, Civil War
• Pentagon, The
• Pentagon Papers
• Pequot War
• Permanent Court of International Justice
• Perry, Matthew (1794–1858),
• Pershing, John J. (1860–1948),
• Persian Gulf War
• Petraeus, David
• Philippine War
• Photography and War
• Pierce, Franklin (1804–1869),
• Pinckney’s Treaty
• Platt Amendment
• Pocahontas (c. 1595/1596–1617),
• Point Four Program
• Political Warfare
• Polk, James Knox (1795–1849),
• Pontiac (d. 1769),
• Pontiac’s Rebellion
• Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
• Potsdam Conference
• Powell, Colin (1937–),
• Powell Doctrine
• Powhatan (d. 1618),
• Preparedness Controversy
• Presidential Decision Making and Foreign Policy
• Presidents, Foreign-Policy Legacies of
• Primacy
• Proclamation of 1763
• Progressive Era, U.S. Military and Diplomatic Affairs during the
• Propaganda and American Popular Culture
• Public Diplomacy
• Public Opinion, Influence of, on U.S. Diplomacy
• Pueblo Revolt
• Q
• Quasi-War with France
• R
• Rabi, Isidor I. (1898–1988),
• Race and Foreign Relations
• Race and the Military
• RAND Corporation
• Rankin, Jeannette (1880–1973),
• Reagan Doctrine
• Reagan, Ronald (1911–2004),
• Realism
• Reconstruction
• Red Cloud (1822–1909),
• Red Cross, American
• Reed, Walter (1851–1902),
• Religion, Influence of, on U.S. Diplomacy
• Republican Party
• Revere, Paul (1735–1818),
• Revolution and Constitution Era
• Revolutionary War (1775–1783)
• Causes
• Military and Diplomatic Course
• Domestic Course
• Postwar Impact
• Changing Interpretations
• Revolution in Military Affairs, The
• Rice, Condoleezza (1954– ),
• Rickover, Admiral Hyman
• Rockefeller Foundation
• Roosevelt Corollary
• Roosevelt, Eleanor (1884–1962),
• Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (1882–1945),
• Roosevelt, Theodore (1858–1919),
• Root, Elihu (1845–1937),
• Rosenberg Case
• Rostow, Walt W. (1916–2003),
• Rotc
• Rumsfeld, Donald (1932– ),
• Rusk, Dean (1909–1994),
• Russia
• S
• SALT and START
• San Francisco Conference
• San Juan Hill, Battle of
• Saratoga, Battle of
• Schwarzkopf, H. Norman
• Scott, Winfield
• Scowcroft, Brent
• Segregation and Integration, Racial, in U.S. Military
• Selective Service
• Seminole Wars
• Senate, Role in U.S. Foreign Policy and Military Affairs
• September 11th Terrorist Attacks
• Servicemen’s Readjustment Act
• Seven Years’ War
• Seward, William
• Shays’s Rebellion
• Sherman, William T.
• Shiloh, Battle of
• Shultz, George Pratt
• Sitting Bull
• Smith, John
• Smoot–Hawley Tariff
• Soft Power, Concept of
• Spanish–American War
• Star Wars Policy
• State, U.S. Department of
• State, U.S. Secretaries of
• Stilwell, Joseph
• Stimson Doctrine
• Stimson, Henry
• Strategic Air Command
• Strategic Arms REDUCTION Treaties (Start I, Start II)
• Strategic Defense Initiative
• Strategy
• Submarines and Submarine Warfare
• Supreme Court, U.S.
• T
• Taft, William Howard
• Taiwan
• Taliban
• Tariffs: Tariffs of 1789, 1824, 1828
• Taylor, Zachary
• Tecumseh
• Teller Amendment
• Territories, Legal and Foreign Policy and Status of
• Terrorism and Counterterrorism
• Terror, War on
• Test-Ban Treaty
• Tet Offensive
• Think Tanks and U.S. Military and Diplomatic Affairs
• Tomb of the Unknowns
• Torture, Issue of, in U.S. Military and Diplomatic Affairs
• Trade and Tariffs and U.S. Diplomacy and War
• Trading with the Enemy Act
• Truman Doctrine
• Truman, Harry S.
• U
• Underwood Tariff
• Uniform Code of Military Justice
• United Nations, U.S. Relationship with the
• United States Foreign Relations
• Africa
• Asia
• Australasia
• Caribbean
• Central and South America
• China
• Europe
• India
• Iran
• Middle East
• Russia
• United States Information Agency
• V
• Valley Forge
• Van Buren, Martin (1782–1862),
• Vance, Cyrus
• Versailles, Treaty of
• Veterans
• Overview
• The Veterans Administration
• Veterans Affairs, U.S. Department of
• Vicksburg, Siege of
• Vietnamization
• Vietnam Syndrome
• Vietnam Veterans Memorial
• Vietnam War
• Voice of America
• W
• Walker, William
• War, American Way of
• War and Peace in American Popular Culture
• War Crimes Trials, Nuremberg and Tokyo
• War Department
• Warfare, Psychological
• War Industries Board
• War of 1812
• War on Terror
• War Powers Act
• War Propaganda and Popular Culture, American
• Washington, George
• Washington Naval Arms Conference
• Washington’s Farewell Address
• Weaponry, Nonnuclear
• Webster–Ashburton Treaty
• Weinberger, Caspar
• West Point
• Whiskey Rebellion
• White Fleet
• Williams School
• Wilson, Woodrow
• Wisconsin School of American Diplomatic History
• Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom
• World Bank
• World Trade Organization (Wto)
• World War I (1914–1918)
• Overview
• Causes
• Causes of U.S. Entry
• Military and Diplomatic Course
• Domestic Course
• Postwar Impact
• Changing Interpretations
• World War II
• Causes
• Military and Diplomatic Course
• Domestic Course
• Postwar Impact
• Changing Interpretations
• X
• XYZ Affair
• Y
• Yalta Conference
• Yamasee War
• Yorktown, Battle of
• Yugoslav Wars
• Topical Outline of Entries
• Directory of Contributors