The Handbook of Crime Correlates, Second Edition summarizes more than a century of worldwide research on traits and social conditions associated with criminality and antisocial behavior. Findings are provided in tabular form, enabling readers to determine at a glance the nature of each association.

Table of Contents

• Preface
• The Prevalence of Offending and Associations Between Different Types of Offending
• 1.1: Conceptualizing Offending Behavior
• 1.2: The Incidence of Offending
• 1.3: Prelude to Identifying Relationships Between Different Types of Offending
• 1.4: Inter-Relationships Among Forms of Crime and Delinquency
• 1.5: Inter-Relationships Among Forms of Clinical/Personality Antisocial Behavior
• 1.6: Relationships Between Crime/Delinquency and the C/P Antisocial Indicators
• 1.7: Individual Stability in Antisocial and Criminal Behavior
• 1.8: Highlights
• Demographic Factors
• 2.1: Gender and Criminality/Delinquency
• 2.2: Gender/Sex and Antisocial Behavior
• 2.3: Age and Maturation
• 2.4: Race/Ethnicity
• 2.5: Immigrant Factors
• 2.6: Individual Social Status
• 2.7: Parental (Family) Social Status
• 2.8: Highlights
• Institutional Factors
• 3.1: Education-Related Factors
• 3.2: Religiosity
• 3.3: Religious Group Comparisons
• 3.4: Employment and Work
• 3.5: Socioeconomic Ecological Factors
• 3.6: Political-Governance Factors
• 3.7: Criminal Justice Policies and Practices
• 3.8: Social Geographic Factors
• 3.9: Physical Ecological Factors
• 3.10: Temporal Factors
• 3.11: Highlights
• Familial, Reproductive, and Peer Factors
• 4.1: Family Formation and Dissolution
• 4.2: Reproductive Factors
• 4.3: Comparisons of Offending Among Close Relatives
• 4.4: Health-Related Family Traits
• 4.5: Intactness and Cohesion of the Family Unit
• 4.6: Parental Rearing Practices (Excluding Forms of Discipline)
• 4.7: Disciplinary Practices by Parents
• 4.8: Peer-Related Factors
• 4.9: Highlights
• Personality and Behavioral Factors
• 5.1: Personality/Temperament Traits
• 5.2: Alcohol and Drug Use
• 5.3: Firearms-Related Behavior
• 5.4: Recreational Activities
• 5.5: Behavioral Responsiveness to Stimuli
• 5.6: Sexual Behavior
• 5.7: Residual Behavioral Factors
• 5.8: Highlights
• Cognitive and Mental Health Factors
• 6.1: Ambition and Planning
• 6.2: Authority-Related Attitudes
• 6.3: Moral/Political Attitudes
• 6.4: Negativity
• 6.5: Self-Reflected Attitudes
• 6.6: Social Preferences
• 6.7: Learning Ability and Intelligence
• 6.8: Mental Illness
• 6.9: Mental/Behavioral Disorder
• 6.10: Drug Addiction/Dependence
• 6.11: Other Cognitive Conditions
• 6.12: Highlights
• Biological Factors
• 7.1: Genetic Influences: Indirect Evidence
• 7.2: Genetic Influences: Specific Chromosomes and Genes
• 7.3: Gestation and Fetal/Infant Development Factors
• 7.4: Dietary and Ingestion Factors
• 7.5: Health Factors
• 7.6: Morphology
• 7.7: Physiological Factors: The Cardiovascular System
• 7.8: Physiological Factors: Dermal and Motor Responses
• 7.9: Cellular Receptors, Transporters, and Binding Sites
• 7.10: Biochemical Factors: Hormones
• 7.11: Biochemical Factors: Non-Hormonal
• 7.12: Pharmacological Factors
• 7.13: Brain Structures
• 7.14: Brain Functioning
• 7.15: Highlights
• Crime Victimization and Fear of Crime
• 8.1: Crime Victimization and Demographic Factors
• 8.2: Crime Victimization and Non-Demographic Factors
• 8.3: Fear of Crime and Individual Traits
• 8.4: Fear of Crime and Ecological Variables
• 8.5: Highlights
• Epilogue: Grand Summary
• 9.1: Confidence in the Nature of Crime Correlates
• 9.2: Consistency Scores for Chapter 2: Demographic Factors
• 9.3: Consistency Scores for Chapter 3: Institutional and Ecological Factors
• 9.4: Consistency Scores for Chapter 4: Familial, Reproductive, and Peer Factors
• 9.5: Consistency Scores for Chapter 5: Personality and Behavioral Factors
• 9.6: Consistency Scores for Chapter 6: Cognitive and Mental Health Factors
• 9.7: Consistency Scores for Chapter 7: Biological Factors
• 9.8: Consistency Scores for Chapter 8: Crime Victimization and Fear of Crime
• 9.9: Cultural Generalizability for the Strong Crime Correlates
• 9.10: Closing Comments