International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, Second Edition embraces diversity by design and captures the ways in which humans share places and view differences based on gender, race, nationality, location and other factors - in other words, the things that make people and places different.

Table of Contents

• Editor in Chief
• Editorial Board
• Section Editors
• List of Contributors
• How to use the Encyclopedia
• Preface
• A
• Accessibility - Edward Hall
• Action Research, Participatory - mrs c kinpaisby-hill
• Activism - LM Takahashi
• Activist Geographies - Levi Gahman, Johannah-Rae Reyes, Tina Miller, Raegan Gibbings, Amy Cohen, Adaeze Greenidge, and Sutapa - Chattopadhyay
• Actor-Network Theory - Gunnar Thór Jóhannesson and Jørgen Ole Bærenholdt
• Aeromobilities - Weiqiang Lin and Mor Shilon
• Affect - Trycia Bazinet and Lindy Van Vliet
• Affective Mapping - Clancy Wilmott
• Agglomeration - Anders Malmberg
• Aging and Health - GJ Andrews
• Aging and Migration - Amanda Davies
• Aging in the Developing World - Andrea Rishworth and Susan J Elliott
• Agrarian Transformations - Fraser Sugden
• Agriculture, Sustainable - Terry Marsden
• Agri-Environmentalism and Rural Change - Clive Potter
• Algorithmic Governance - Joe Blankenship
• Alternative Economies - Stephen Healy
• Anarchism/Anarchist Geographies - Federico Ferretti
• Animal Geographies - Alice J Hovorka
• Animal Welfare - Kathryn Gillespie
• Anthropocene - Nigel Clark
• Anthropogeography - Julia Lossau
• Anticolonialism - Neil Nunn and Madeline Whetung
• Antigeopolitics - Ulrich Oslender
• Antiurbanism - Philip Lawton
• Apartheid/Postapartheid - Jane Battersby
• Applied Geography - Michael Pacione
• Archives - Matthew Kurtz
• Art and Cartography - Catherine D’Ignazio
• Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems - Yee Leung
• Arts-Based Methods - Juliet Carpenter
• Assemblage Theory - Sam Page
• Atlases - Julia Siemer
• Atlases, Online - Sébastien Caquard
• Autoethnography - Kathryn Besio
• Automation - Luis F Alvarez Leon
• Automobilities - Gregg Culver
• Aviation - Daniel L Mabazza
• B
• Becoming - Derek P McCormack
• Behavioral Geography - John R Gold
• Belonging - Sarah Wright
• Berkeley School - Michael Williams
• Big Data - Mark Birkin
• Big History - John Hasse and Robert Flanagan
• Biodiversity - Roderick P Neumann
• Biodiversity Mapping and Modeling - James MR Brock, Riki M Taylor, and George LW Perry
• Biopolitics - Krithika Srinivasan, Rajesh Kasturirangan, and Clemens Driessen
• Black Geographies - Adam Bledsoe, Willie J Wright, and LaToya Eaves
• Blockchain - Ludovico Rella
• Body - Lynda Johnston
• Borderland Economies - Markku Tykkyläinen
• Borderlands - Doris Wastl-Walter
• Boundary Work, Art, and Place - Soren C Larsen and Melanie Zurba
• Brain Drain - H Jöns and Sophie Cranston
• Buffer Zone - Georges Prévélakis
• Business Services - John R Bryson and Emma C Gardner
• C
• Capital and Space - Key MacFarlane
• Capital Punishment - Alex R Colucci
• Capitalism - Eric Sheppard
• Capitalism and the Division of Labor - Mark Brayshay
• Carceral Geography - Jennifer Turner
• Care Ethics - Elizabeth Olson, Mark Ortiz, and Sertanya Reddy
• Care, Caregiving, and Caring - Mark W Skinner and Rachel V Herron
• Cartographic Animation - Michael P Peterson
• Cartographic Anxiety - Chris Barrett
• Cartographic Symbolism and Iconography - Mark Denil
• Cartography in Islamic Societies - S Brentjes
• Cartography, Electoral - William Durkan, Adrian Kavanagh, and Caoilfhionn D’Arcy
• Case Studies - Liz Taylor
• Cellular Automata - Yan Liu, Jonathan Corcoran, and Yongjiu Feng
• Census Geography - Wardlow Friesen
• Census Mapping - David Martin
• Central Business District - Gareth Rice
• Central Place Theory - Jacek Malczewski
• Chaos and Complexity - Graham Chapman and Michael Batty
• Chicago School - David Sibley and Audrey Kobayashi
• Child Labor - Samantha Punch
• Children, Maps, and Mapping - Christina R Ergler and Claire Freeman
• Children/Childhood - Sneha Krishnan
• Chinese Medicine, Traditional - Ping Zou
• Choice Modeling - Jean-Claude Thill
• Chronic Disease - E Shantz and Susan J Elliott
• Circular Economy - Pauline Deutz
• Cities, Imperial - Anthony D King
• Citizen Science - Victoria Fast and Billy Tusker Haworth
• Citizenship - Vera Chouinard
• Citizenship and Governmentality - Michael Woods and Lynda Cheshire
• Citizenship Concepts - Elaine LE Ho and Richard Yarwood
• Citizenship, Extraterritorial - Michael Collyer
• City Marketing - Eugene McCann
• City, Modern - John R Gold
• City-Region - Simin Davoudi
• Climate Change - John C Sweeney
• Climate Change Refugees - W Andrew Baldwin
• Climate Change; Adaptation - David C Eisenhauer
• Climatology, Cultural - Jennifer Salmond and Marc Tadaki
• Coastal and Marine Management and Planning - David M Lawrence
• Code/Space - James Cheshire
• Cold War - Timothy W Luke
• Colonialism - Amber Murrey
• Colonialism, Internal - Raju J Das
• Communist and Postcommunist Geographies - Judit Timár
• Community - Ivan J Townshend, Aimee Benoit, and Wayne KD Davies
• Complementary and Alternative Medicine - GJ Andrews
• Computational Human Geography - Helen Couclelis
• Concentrated Deconcentration - Bart Lambregts
• Conservation and Ecology - M Jay and M Morad
• Consumption - Deborah Leslie
• Content Analysis - Jamie Baxter
• Core-Periphery Models - B Ramírez
• Corporate Responsibilities - David Littlewood
• Corridor and Axis Development - L Albrechts and T Tasan-Kok
• Cosmopolitanism - Barney Warf
• Countermapping - Liz Mason-Deese
• Counterurbanization - Clare JA Mitchell and Christopher R Bryant
• Creativity - Peter Lindner
• Crime Geography - George Owusu and Louis Kusi Frimpong
• Crime Mapping - Brian Jefferson
• Critical Agrarian Studies - China Sajadian
• Critical Cartography - Denis Wood, John Krygier, Jim E Thatcher, and Craig Dalton
• Critical Geographic Information System - Mahmoudi Dillon
• Critical Geographies - Federico Ferretti
• Critical Geopolitics - Joanne Sharp
• Critical Physical Geography - Marc Tadaki
• Critical Rationalism - David Bennett
• Critical Realism/Critical Realist Geographies - Kevin R Cox
• Critical Theory and Human Geography - Martin Phillips
• Cross-Cultural Research - Tracey Skelton
• Cultural Capital - Johanna L Waters
• Cultural Economy - Andy C Pratt
• Cultural Geography - Chris Gibson and G Waitt
• Cultural Politics - Benedikt Korf
• Cultural Turn - Sophia Maalsen and Jessica McLean
• Culture - Kathleen J Mee
• Cumulative Causation - William A Jackson
• Cyber Security - Nathaniel O’Grady and Andrew C Dwyer
• Cyberspace and Cyberculture - Denise M Carter
• D
• Darwinism and Social Darwinism - Heather Winlow
• Data Analysis, Categorical - Suzanne Davies Withers
• Deathscapes - Avril Maddrell
• Debt - David Simon
• Decolonization - Sarah Hunt and Sarah de Leeuw
• Deconstruction - Clive Barnett
• Defensible Space - Elanor Warwick
• Deforestation - Warren E Mabee
• Deindustrialization - Andy Pike
• Delocalization - Athanasios Kalogeresis and Lois Labrianidis
• Democracy - Clive Barnett and Murray Low
• Demography - Philip Rees
• Desertification - Audrey Kobayashi
• Development - Katie Willis and M Satish Kumar
• Development, Regional, Port-Industrial Complexes and - Michael Dunford and Godfrey Yeung
• Developmentalism Philosophy - Michael J Watts
• Dialectical Reasoning and Dialectical Materialism - Erik Swyngedouw
• Diaries, Handwritten, Online, Audio, or Video - Paula Meth
• Diasporas - Elizabeth Mavroudi
• Difference and the Politics of Difference - Patricia Noxolo
• Diffusion - Emrah Karakaya and Pranpreya Sriwannawit Lundberg
• Digital and Platform Economies - Lizzie Richardson
• Digital Curation - Bradley Wade Bishop and Carolyn Hank
• Digital Feminism - Daniel Cockayne and Lizzie Richardson
• Digital Geographies - Jim E Thatcher, Ryan Burns, and Tracey P Lauriault
• Digital Geohumanities - Charles Travis
• Digital Inequalities - Tim Unwin
• Disability - Robert Wilton and Joshua Evans
• Disasters - Jake Rom D Cadag
• Discourse - Tim Cresswell
• Discourse Analysis - Melissa NP Johnson and Ethan McLean
• Disease Diffusion and Mapping - Chetan Tiwari and Saratchandra Indrakanti
• Diseases, Emerging and Infectious - Roger Antabe and Bianca Rosa Ziegler
• Distance - Dragos Simandan
• Dwelling - Owain Jones
• E
• e-Business and e-Commerce - Bruno Moriset
• Ecological Fallacy - D Sui
• Ecology - Phil McManus
• Economic Geography - Richard Florida and Patrick Adler
• Economic Geography, Relational - NM Rantisi and JS Boggs
• Economics and Human Geography - James R Faulconbridge and Sarah Hall
• Economy, Informal - Sarah Turner
• Ecosystem Services - Pamela McElwee and Elizabeth Shapiro-Garza
• Ecotourism - David A Fennell
• Edge Cities - NA Phelps
• Edge Effects - Ikuho Yamada
• Education - Nicolas Lewis
• Education, Internationalization of - Johanna L Waters
• Embeddedness - Martin Hess
• Emigration - Brenda SA Yeoh, Charmian Goh, and Kellynn Wee
• Emotional Geographies - Mark Lucherini and Gentry Hanks
• Empire - Marcus Power
• Empowerment - Regina Scheyvens
• Energy - Neil Simcock
• Enlightenment Geography - Charles WJ Withers
• Environment - Sally Eden
• Environment and Migration - Etienne Piguet
• Environment, Historical Geography of - Carl Griffin
• Environmental Determinism - William B Meyer
• Environmental Geography - Karl S Zimmerer and Kendra McSweeney
• Environmental Geopolitics - Shannon O’Lear
• Environmental Governance - Carolyn NM DeLoyde and Warren E Mabee
• Environmental Hazards - RR Hagelman, III, BE Montz, and GA Tobin
• Environmental Health - Susan J Elliott and C Thompson
• Environmental Justice - Gordon Walker
• Environmental Policy - Chris Cocklin and Katie Moon
• Environmental Racism - Leith Deacon
• Environmental Regulation - Phil McManus
• Environmental Security - Jon Barnett
• Environmental Studies and Human Geography - Chris Sneddon
• Environmentalism - Anna R Davies
• Epidemiological Transition - K McCracken and DR Phillips
• Epistemology - Pauline R Couper
• Equity - Janine Wiles and Audrey Kobayashi
• Error Propagation and Modeling - Sucharita Gopal
• Ethical Issues in Research - JJ Zhang
• Ethnic Conflict - Carolyn Gallaher
• Ethnic Economy - Lucia Lo
• Ethnicity and Resistance, Historical Geographies of - David P Nally
• Ethnography - Aoife Kavanagh and Karen E Till
• Ethnomethodology/Ethnomethodological Geography - E Laurier and S Bodden
• Evolutionary Algorithms - Ningchuan Xiao
• Existentialism/Existential Geography - David Seamon and Jacob Sowers
• Experimental Design - Sophie Webber and Carolyn Prouse
• Exploration - Stephen A Royle
• Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis - Sandy Dall’erba and Zhangliang Chen
• Export Processing Zones - Fulong Wu
• Extended Metropolitan Region - Victor FS Sit
• Extensive/Intensive Methods - Karen Falconer Al-Hindi
• F
• Factor Analysis and Principal-Components Analysis - Fahui Wang
• Fair Trade - Laura T Raynolds
• Famine - PJ Atkins
• Feminism and Work - Jane Pollard
• Feminism, Geographic Information System, and Mapping - Marianna Pavlovskaya
• Feminism/Feminist Geography - Sydney Calkin and Cordelia Freeman
• Feminist Economic Geography - Kendra Strauss
• Feminist Geography, Prehistory of - Sophie Bowlby and Jacqueline Tivers
• Feminist Methodologies - Deborah Thien and Shea Ellen Gilliam
• Feminist Political Economy - RB Sarma
• Fertility - Katharine McKinnon
• Festival and Spectacle - Michelle Duffy
• Feudalism and Feudal Society - Simon Chilvers
• Field Systems and Enclosure - Carlo Inverardi-Ferri
• Fieldwork - Katie Hemsworth
• Film and Cinema - Chris Lukinbeal
• Finance, Historical Geographies of - Martin Purvis
• Financial Centers, International - David R Meyer
• Financial Knowledge - Gordon L Clark
• Financial Risks and Management - Ekaterina Svetlova and Karl-Heinz Thielmann
• First World - Katie Willis
• Flâneur - Alan Latham
• Fluidity and Fixity - John Paul Jones, III
• Focus Groups - Anna J Secor
• Food Networks - Pamela Richardson-Ngwenya and Sarah J Whatmore
• Food Networks, Alternative - D Goodman and MK Goodman
• Food Regimes - B Pritchard
• Food Security and Food Sovereignty - Tony Weis
• Foodscapes - Christiana Miewald
• Fordism - Ray Hudson
• Fordism, Postfordism, and Flexible Specialization - John Lovering
• Foreign Direct Investment - Alexey V Kuznetsov
• Fractal Analysis - Nina SN Lam
• Functionalism - Jose Esteban Castro
• Fuzzy Set and Fuzzy Logic - Yee Leung
• G
• Gardening and Gardens - David Crouch
• Gated Communities - Rowland Atkinson and Sarah Blandy
• Gay Geographies - Nathaniel M Lewis
• Gender and Health - Janine L Wiles
• Gender and Rurality - Jo Little
• Gender and the City - Linda J Peake
• Gender, Historical Geographies of - Linda Price
• Genealogy and Family History - Samuel M Otterstrom
• Generalization - William A Mackaness
• Genetics - Jairus Rossi
• Genocide - Stian Rice
• Gentrification - Dustin W Gray and Elvin K Wyly
• Geodemographics - Alex Singleton
• Geodesign - Kelleann Foster
• Geodesy - John Hessler
• Geodesy Geographical Masking Spatial Data Infrastructure - Ronan Foley
• Geographic Information Science and Systems - PA Longley and Michael Frank Goodchild
• Geographic Information Systems and Cartography - Michael Frank Goodchild
• Geographic Information Systems, History of - Nicholas R Chrisman
• Geographic Information Systems, Overlay in - Ola Ahlqvist
• Geographic Information Systems; Ethics - Jonathan Cinnamon
• Geographic Information Systems; Public Participation - Sarah Elwood
• Geographical Masking - Gerard Rushton
• Geographically-Weighted Regression - Antonio Páez and David C Wheeler
• Geographies of the Night - Robert Shaw
• Geohistory - P Claval
• Geohumanities - Harriet Hawkins
• Geolocation
• Geopoetics - Eric Magrane
• Georeferencing and Geocoding - Xiaobai A Yao
• Geosimulation and Urban Modeling - Michael Batty
• Geospatial Intelligence - Keith C Clarke
• Geospatial Web, Participatory - Jon Corbett and Logan Cochrane
• Geotag - Ate Poorthuis
• Geovisualization - Menno-Jan Kraak
• Gerrymandering - Richard Morrill and Gerald R Webster
• Ghettos - Tom Slater
• Global Commodity Chains - Christof Parnreiter and Christin Bernhold
• Global Food Security - David Fazzino
• Global North/South - Rory Horner and Pádraig Carmody
• Global Positioning/GPS - Jiyeong Lee
• Global Production Networks - Neil M Coe
• Global Urbanism - Sally Lloyd-Evans and Nathan Salvidge
• Globalization and Health - Ted Schrecker
• Globalization of Communicable Diseases - Joseph R Oppong
• Governance, Corporate - Dariusz Wójcik
• Governance, Good - Glyn Williams
• Governance, Transport - Iain Docherty and Jon Shaw
• Governance, Urban
• Governmentality - Jouni Häkli and Derek Ruez
• Green Economy - David Gibbs
• Green Revolution - John Briggs
• Growth Poles and Growth Centers - Ugo Rossi - H
• H
• Habitus - Gunhild Setten
• Haptic or Touch-Based Knowledge - Dan Jacobson
• Health and Development - Sheena Asthana
• Health and Environmental Risk - Jamie Baxter
• Health and Place, Political Economy of - Clare Bambra
• Health Geography - Graham Moon
• Health in the Anthropocene: From the Global to the Local - Trevor Hancock
• Health Inequalities - Nathaniel M Lewis
• Health Services and Service Restructuring - Denise S Cloutier and Daniel Brendle-Moczuk
• Healthcare Accessibility - John S Humphreys and Karly B Smith
• Hegemony - Myriam Houssay-Holzschuch
• Heritage and Culture - Roy Jones, Tod Jones, and Shaphan Cox
• Heritage and Economy - Rudi Hartmann
• Heritage and Identity - LC Pace and JD Bohland
• Heritage Diplomacy - Andrew G McClelland
• Heteronormativity - David Bell
• High-Tech Industry - Yu Zhou
• Hinterland Development - Judit Timár and Zoltán Kovács
• Historical Geography, Evolution of - Peter R Martin
• Historical Geography, Rural - Patrick J Duffy
• Historical-Geographical Materialism - Scott Kirsch
• History of Geography - Michiel van Meeteren and James D Sidaway
• HIV/AIDS in Developed Countries - Matthew Sothern
• HIV/AIDS in Developing Countries - Roger Antabe and Paul Mkandawire
• Home - Tiina Peil
• Homelessness - Priya Kissoon
• Housing - Alistair Sisson and Dallas Rogers
• Housing and Health - Jim Dunn
• Housing Policy in Developing Countries - Godwin Arku
• Hub Network Location - Morton E O’Kelly
• Human Geography - Chris Gibson
• Human Trafficking - Louise Waite
• Humanism and Humanistic Geography - JM Smith
• Humanitarian Mapping - Jonathan Cinnamon
• Hybridity and the Cyborg - Sophie A Lewis
• Hypothesis Testing - Roy Haines-Young and Robert Fish
• I
• Idealism - Leonard Guelke
• Identity Politics - Audrey Kobayashi
• Ideology - Kenneth R Olwig and Tom Mels
• Immigration - Johanna L Waters
• Imperialistic Geographies - Gordon M Winder
• Indigeneity - Michelle Daigle
• Indigenous Geographies - Richard Howitt
• Indigenous Health - Chantelle Richmond and Kathi Wilson
• Indigenous Knowledge - Jayalaxshmi Mistry, Deirdre Jafferally, Lisa Ingwall-King, and Sean Mendonca
• Indigenous Mapping - Jon Corbett, Jeff Hackett, Rachel Olsen, and Steve DeRoy
• Industrial City - Richard Harris
• Industrial Districts - Filippo Celata and Ugo Rossi
• Industrial Organization - Jerry Patchell
• Industrial Parks - Susan M Walcott
• Industrial Restructuring - Ray Hudson
• Industrialization - Dragos Simandan
• Industry, Historical Geographies of - R Lewis
• Inequality - Sin Yee Koh
• Informal Sector - Adrian Guillermo Aguilar and Flor M López Guerrero
• Informal Settlements - Katie Willis
• Informalization - David Jordhus-Lier
• Information Graphics - Amy L Griffin
• Informational City - Jonathan Rutherford
• Innovation - Rolf Sternberg
• Innovative Pedagogies - Jennifer Hill and Derek France
• Input-Output Analysis - Geoffrey JD Hewings and Michael Sonis
• Institutionalism/Institutional Geographies - Danny Mackinnon
• Interdisciplinarity - Pauliina Raento
• Intermediate Technology - Michael Parnwell
• International Medical Travel or Medical Tourism - Meghann Ormond
• International Organizations - J Richard Peet
• Internet Geographies - Graham Pickren
• Intersectionality - Menusha De Silva
• Interviews: In-Depth, Semistructured - Leigh Barrick
• Intimate Geographies - Ebru Ustundag
• Investment Promotion - Torfinn Harding and Marius Monsrud
• Irredentism - George W White and Bruce V Millett
• K
• Knowing, Emotional - Jon Anderson
• Knowledge and Education - RA Butlin
• Knowledge Communities - Brian J Hracs and Steven Pinch
• Knowledge Economy - Brita Hermelin
• Knowledge Exchange - Deborah Peel
• Knowledge Intensive Business Services - Peter Wood
• Kriging and Variogram Models - Catherine A Calder and Noel Cressie
• L
• Labor Control Regime - Andrew EG Jonas
• Labor Geography - Tod D Rutherford
• Labor Market - Pádraig Carmody
• Labor Unionism - Andrew Herod
• Lamarckianism - Heather Winlow
• Land Change Science/Land System Science - BL Turner, II and Darla K Munroe
• Land Rent Theory - J Jäger
• Land Rights - Richard Howitt
• Landscape - Jessica Dubow
• Landscape Iconography - Steven Hoelscher
• Landscape Perceptions - KM Morin
• Landscapes of Fear - Simone Tulumello
• Language - Rhys Jones
• Language and Research - Malene Monka and Astrid Ravn Skovse
• Legal Geographies - Brandon Barclay Derman
• Leisure - Juliana Mansvelt
• Lesbian Geographies - Kath Browne, Catherine J Nash, and Eduarda Ferreira
• Liberalism - Emily Gilbert
• Life Course Approaches - Thomas Wimark
• Literature - Marc Brosseau
• Livelihoods - Francis Owusu
• Local Economic Development - Gioacchino Garofoli
• Local Economic Development, Politics of - Kevin R Cox
• Local-Global - Michael Haldrup
• Locality Debates - Philip Cooke
• Location Analysis - Mark W Horner
• Location Theory - Alan T Murray
• Longitudinal Methods; Cohort Analysis, Life Tables - SD Withers
• M
• Malls/Retail Parks - Gareth Rice
• Map Interactivity - Michael P Peterson
• Map Libraries and Archives - Marcy Bidney
• Map Perception and Cognition - Scott M Freundschuh
• Mapping, Color - Amy L Griffin and Gita Pupedis
• Mapping, Open Source - Peter A Johnson
• Mapping, Performative - Chris Perkins
• Mapping, Philosophy - Chris Perkins
• Mapping, Race and Ethnicity - Heather Winlow
• Mapping, Topographic - Peter Collier
• Mapping, Web - BJ Köbben and Menno-Jan Kraak
• Maps - Denis Wood and John Krygier
• Maps and Governance - Francis Harvey
• Maps and Mapping, History of - C Delano-Smith, Roger JP Kain, and K Parker
• Maps and Protest - Martine Drozdz
• Maps and the State - Matthew Farish and Timothy Barney
• Maps, Mental - Scott Bell
• Maritime Geographies - Constantinos Antonopoulos
• Markov Chain Analysis - W Li and C Zhang
• Marxist Geography - Andrew Cumbers and Neil Gray
• Masculinism - AL Bain and C Arun-Pina
• Masculinities - B van Hoven, RP Huizinga, and P Hopkins
• Material - Adeline Tay
• Material Culture - Sara Beth Keough
• Materiality; New Materialism - Peter J Forman
• Media - David B Clarke
• Medical Geography - R Earickson
• Medieval Historical Geographies - Rhys Jones
• Megacities - Y-M Yeung, Jianfa Shen, and Gordon Kee
• Memorials and Monuments - Derek H Alderman, Jordan P Brasher, and Owen J Dwyer, III
• Memory - Mark Alan Rhodes, II
• Mental Health and Geography - Christopher J Smith
• Mess - May Farrales
• Metropole d’Equilibre - Hugh Clout
• Migrant Workers - C Cindy Fan
• Migration - Caroline Nagel and Paul Boyle
• Migration and Development - Ronald Skeldon and Tanja Bastia
• Migration and Health - Jo Vearey
• Migration Industry - Joris Schapendonk and Sophie Cranston
• Migration, Forced - Marta Bivand Erdal
• Migration, Historical Geographies of - William Jenkins
• Military Geographies - Rachel Woodward
• Mixed and Multiple Methods - John H McKendrick
• Mobile Mapping - Sam Hind
• Mobility - Peter Merriman
• Mobility, History of Everyday - Colin G Pooley
• Modernity - Denis Linehan
• Modernization Theory - Robert N Gwynne
• Modifiable Areal Unit Problem - Michael Buzzelli
• Monte Carlo Simulation - Samuel J Ratick and Guido Schwarz
• Moral Economies - AA Naseemullah
• Moral Landscapes - Gunhild Setten
• Mortality - Frances Darlington-Pollock and Matthew Wallace
• Multicultural Cities - Junjia Ye
• Multiculturalism - John Clayton
• N
• Nation - Jan Penrose
• National Parks - Gary Bosworth and Nigel Curry
• Nationalism - David H Kaplan
• Nationalism, Methodological - Natalie Koch
• Natural Resources - Gavin Bridge and Ryan Wyeth
• Natural Resources, Political Economy of - Liam Campling and Elena Baglioni
• Naturalistic Inquiry - Dan Jacobson
• Nature - Neil Argent
• Nature and Gender - Padini Nirmal
• Nature, Historical Geographies of - Peter Holland and Alex Wearing
• Nature, History of - Minna Tanskanen
• Nature, Performing - Simone Fullagar
• Nature, Social - Neil Argent
• Nature-Culture - Juanita Sundberg, Jessica Dempsey, and Fernanda Rojas Marchini
• Neighborhood and Health - Nancy A Ross
• Neighborhood Change - Judith Kenny and Parama Roy
• Neighborhood Effects - Sang-Il Lee
• Neighborhoods and Community - Ole Jensen
• Neocolonialism - Michael J Watts
• Neoliberalism - Julie MacLeavy
• Neoliberalism, Urban - Wendy Larner and Heather McLean
• Neoliberalism, Urban in the Global South - Verónica Crossa
• Networks - Gernot Grabher
• Networks, Neural - Irene Casas
• Networks, Urban - Nick Clarke
• New Municipalism - Ismael Blanco and Ricard Gomà
• New Regionalism - Martin Jones
• NIMBY - Phil Hubbard
• Noise and Health - Tor H Oiamo and Gunn Marit Aasvang
• Nonlinear Dynamic Spatial Systems - David O’Sullivan
• Non-Representational Theory - Nina Williams
• O
• Oceans - Philip E Steinberg
• Oral History - Mark Boyle
• Organizations, Nongovernmental - Saraswati Raju
• Orientalism - L Koefoed and Michael Haldrup
• Other/Otherness - Jean-François Staszak
• P
• Parenting, Motherhood, and Fatherhood - Johanna Lilius
• Participant Observation - Katie Walsh
• Patriarchy - Catherine J Nash
• Peasant Agriculture - JD van der Ploeg
• People’s Geography - Samuel Strong
• Performance, Research as - Heather McLean
• Performativity - Sunčana Laketa
• Peri-urbanization, Global South - Aparna Phadke
• Phenomenology and Phenomenological Geography - Paul Simpson and James Ash
• Philosophy and Human Geography - Stuart Elden
• Photogrammetry and Aerial Photography - Peter Collier
• Photographs/Photography - Rickie Sanders
• Photovoice - Vanessa Sloan Morgan, Becki Nookemis, and Heather Castleden
• Physical Geography, Human Geography, and Geographies in the Anthropocene - Jasper Knight and Stephan Harrison
• Place - Tim Cresswell
• Place and Health - Vincent Kuuire and Ebenezer Dassah
• Place Names - VR Savage
• Place, Politics of - Sophie Bond
• Placemaking - Donagh Horgan
• Planetary Health - Colin D Butler
• Planetary Urbanization - Juan Miguel Kanai
• Plant Geographies - Jennifer Atchison and Catherine Phillips
• Point Pattern Analysis - Eric M Delmelle and Michael R Desjardins
• Policing - Brian Jefferson
• Policy Mobility - Russell Prince
• Political Borders - Anssi Paasi
• Political Geography - David Storey
• Political Representation - Benjamin Forest
• Polycentricity - Peter Hall
• Polyvocality - Saraswati Raju
• Popular Culture - Klaus Dodds and Lisa Funnell
• Population and Development - Marco Bontje
• Population Geography - Keith Halfacree and Holly Barcus
• Population Growth - Tom Wilson
• Positivism/Positivist Geography - David Bennett
• Possibilism - Vincent Berdoulay
• Postcolonial Cities - David W Hugill
• Postcolonial Geographies - Ranu Basu
• Postcolonialism - Luna Vives and Nalini Mohabir
• Postdevelopment - Jan Nederveen Pieterse
• Post-Marxist Geographies - Andrew Jones
• Postmodern City - Stacy Warren
• Postmodern Turn in Geography - Claudio Minca
• Post-Phenomenology/Post-Phenomenological Geography - Jennifer Lea
• Postpolitics and Post-Truth - Cian O’Callaghan
• Postproductivist and Multifunctional Agriculture - Neil Argent
• Postsecularism - Frank Meyer and Judith Miggelbrink
• Postsocialist Cities - Ludĕk Sýkora
• Poststructural Political Economy - Nicolas Lewis and Richard Le Heron
• Poststructuralism/Poststructuralist Geographies - Keith Woodward, Deborah P Dixon, and John Paul Jones, III
• Post-Suburbia - Eric Charmes
• Poverty - Francis L Collins
• Pragmatism - Susan J Smith
• Precarious Work - Nancy Worth
• Pregnancy and Childbirth - Elizabeth Chacko
• Privatization - Phillip O’Neill
• Privilege - Hayley Sparks
• Probabilism - Robin Flowerdew
• Probability Models - Jed Long, Alan Marshall and Zhiqiang Feng
• Projections - Fritz Connor Kessler
• Psychoanalysis - Lucas Pohl
• Psychogeography - Denis Wood
• Psychotherapy/Psychotherapeutic Geographies - David Conradson
• Public Geographies - Betsy Donald, Christina Frendo, and Basil Southey
• Public Geographies, Enacting - Ian Cook and Jen Bagelman
• Public Goods - Kevin R Cox
• Public Policy and Geography - Mark Boyle, Tim Hall, Shaun Lin, James D Sidaway and Michiel van Meeteren
• Public Spaces, Urban - Damian Collins and Sophie L Stadler
• Public Transport - John Preston
• Public-Private Divide - Therese Kenna
• Publishing in Geography - Barney Warf
• Q
• Q Method Analysis - Paul Robbins
• Qualitative Geographic Information Systems - Meghan Cope and Jin-Kyu Jung
• Qualitative Spatial Reasoning - Roland Billen and Nico Van de Weghe
• Quantitative Economic Geography - Eric Sheppard and Paul Plummer
• Quantitative Methodologies - Michael Frank Goodchild
• Quantitative Revolution - Trevor J Barnes
• Questionnaire Survey - Valerie Preston
• R
• Race/Ethnicity - Jamie Winders
• Racism and Antiracism - Anoop Nayak
• Radical Geography - J Richard Peet
• Rational Choice Theory and Rational Choice Marxism - Gary Bridge
• Redlining - Manuel B Aalbers
• Refugees and Asylum Seekers - Daniel K Thompson
• Region - John Tomaney
• Regional Competition, Regional Dumping - Iva Maria Miranda Pires
• Regional Connectivity - Martin Sokol
• Regional Development and Noneconomic Factors - Iwan J Azis
• Regional Development and Technology - Jeremy RL Howells
• Regional Development Models - Sayani Mukhopadhyay
• Regional Development Theory - P Nijkamp and M Abreu
• Regional Development, Endogenous - F Tödtling
• Regional Geography - Anssi Paasi
• Regional Inequalities - Michael Dunford
• Regional Planning and Development Theories - Edward W Soja
• Regional Production Networks - David W Edgington
• Regional Resilience - Robert Hassink and Huiwen Gong
• Regional Science - Eric Vaz
• Regional Uneven Development - Ray Hudson
• Regionalism - John Tomaney
• Regression: Linear and Nonlinear - Jamie Pearce
• Regulation - Gordon MacLeod and Adam Holden
• Relationality - Martin Jones
• Reliability and Validity - Carmen Köhler and Johannes Hartig
• Religion - Orlando Woods
• Remittances - Ben Page
• Remote Sensing - Jane M Read, Chad Chambers, and Marla Torrado
• Representation and Re-presentation - Audrey Kobayashi
• Representation—Mapping - Jeremy Mennis
• Reproductive Rights - Carolin Schurr and Elisabeth Militz
• Residential Mobility - Rory Coulter and Michael Thomas
• Resilience - M Jean Blair and Warren E Mabee
• Resistance - Sarah M Hughes
• Resource and Environmental Economics - Karyn Morrissey
• Resource Industries - Roger Hayter and Jerry Patchell
• Retail Geographies - Neil Wrigley
• River Basin Development - Coleen A Fox
• Rural Communities - Katherine Anne MacTavish
• Rural Development - David Storey
• Rural Geography - Michael Woods
• Rural Housing - Menelaos Gkartzios, Mark Scott, and Nick Gallent
• Rural Identity and Otherness - J Agyeman and S Neal
• Rural Populations - Keith Halfacree
• Rural Transport - Ankit Kumar Yadav and Nagendra R Velaga
• S
• Sampling - Lucia Lo
• Scale - Nathan F Sayre and Alan V Di Vittorio
• Scale, Analytical - Thomas W Crawford
• Scaling, Multidimensional - William M Bowen and Samuel Owusu-Agyemang
• Science and Scientism, Cartography - David Turnbull
• Scientific Method - Robin Flowerdew
• Second World - Jonathan Oldfield
• Segregation - Rowland Atkinson and Jennifer McGarrigle
• Segregation Indices - David WS Wong
• Selection Bias - Thomas J Cooke
• Self-Other - Joni T Vainikka
• Semiotics - Ken E Foote and Maoz Azaryahu
• Sense of Place - Jingfu Chen
• Sensory Mapping - Kate McLean
• Sentiment Analysis - Eva Hauthal, Dirk Burghardt, Carolyn Fish, and Amy L Griffin
• Services, Rural - Neil Hanlon and Mark W Skinner
• Sexuality and Queer Geographies - Kath Browne and Andrew McCartan
• Sharing Economy - Anna R Davies
• Shift-Share Analysis - Randall W Jackson and Kingsley E Haynes
• Simulation Modeling - Steven M Manson
• Situated Knowledge, Reflexivity - Audrey Kobayashi
• Situationism/Situationist City - David Pinder
• Social Capital - Neil Hanlon
• Social Class - Julie MacLeavy
• Social Economy and Social Enterprise - Matthew Thompson
• Social Geography - Elaine Stratford
• Social Movements - Maano Ramutsindela
• Social Studies of Scientific Knowledge - Liam Heaphy
• Socialism and Communism - Salvatore Engel-Di Mauro
• Society-Space - Susan Ruddick
• Soft Power - Carl Marklund
• Soundscapes - Daithí Kearney
• Sovereignty - Matthew D Balentine and Corey Johnson
• Space - Stuart Elden
• Space and Spatiality - Rob Kitchin
• Spaces/Spatialities of Exception - Richard Carter-White and Claudio Minca
• Space-Time - Jay D Gatrell and Eric W LaFary
• Space-Time Modeling 2: Geographic Information System Science Approaches - May Yuan
• Spatial Autocorrelation - Daniel A Griffith
• Spatial Clustering, Detection and Analysis of - Alan T Murray
• Spatial Data Models - Ling Bian
• Spatial Databases - Adam C Winstanley and Peter Mooney
• Spatial Division of Labor - Adrian Smith
• Spatial Expansion Method - Emilio Casetti
• Spatial Filtering/Kernel Density Estimation - Gerard Rushton and Chetan Tiwari
• Spatial Interaction Models - Morton E O’Kelly
• Spatial Interpolation - Nina SN Lam
• Spatial Ontologies - Nadine Schuurman
• Spatial Science - Ron Johnston
• Spatially Autoregressive Models - Daniel A Griffith
• Sport - Gavin J Andrews
• State - Martin Jones
• State Theory - Bob Jessop
• Statistics, Descriptive - Jay Lee
• Statistics, Inferential - Darren M Scott
• Statistics, Overview - Guy M Robinson
• Statistics, Spatial - David J Unwin
• Street Naming and Power - Reuben Rose-Redwood and Sun-Bae Kim
• Structural Adjustment - Giles Mohan and Frangton Chiyemura
• Structural Equation Models - Patricia L Mokhtarian and David T Ory
• Structural Marxism - Andrew Kent
• Structuralism - RG Smith
• Structuration Theory - Md Azmeary Ferdoush
• Studentification - Takashi Nakazawa
• Subalternity - Srilata Sircar
• Subjectivity - Joanne Sharp
• Suburbanization - Alan Mace
• Super Rich - Sin Yee Koh
• Superpower - Takashi Yamazaki and John O’Loughlin
• Surrealism - David Pinder
• Surveillance - Matthew Henry
• Surveying - Urbano Fra Paleo
• Sustainability - Warren E Mabee, M Jean Blair, Jordan T Carlson, and Carolyn NM DeLoyde
• Sustainability Transitions - Jordan Carlson and Warren E Mabee
• Sustainability, Urban - M Whitehead
• Symbolic Interactionism - Vincent J Del Casino, Jr. and Deborah Thien
• Systems Thinking, Approach - Frederick Ato Armah
• T
• Technological Change - Glen Norcliffe
• Technology and Regional Development - Jun Zhang
• Technology Industries - Martin Henning and Claes G Alvstam
• Telecommunications - Barney Warf
• Territorial Production Complexes - Bolesław Domański
• Territory and Territoriality - David Delaney
• Terrorism - D Mustafa and J McCarthy
• Text and Textual Analysis - Jamie Baxter
• Therapeutic Landscapes - Ronan Foley
• Thiessen Polygon - Lan Mu
• Third Space - Richard Bustin and Janet Speake
• Time and Historical Geography - Matthew Kurtz
• Time Geographic Analysis - Martin Dijst
• Time Geography - Martin Gren
• Time Series Analysis - Guy M Robinson
• Time-Space Diaries - Kajsa Ellegård
• Tourism - T Edensor
• Towns, New - K Kafkoula
• Trade Blocs - Aleid E Brouwer and Tristan Kohl
• Trade, International - Richard Grant and Lillian Yaffe
• Trade, Transport, and Communications, Historical Geographies of - PJ Hugill
• Transcribing, Coding, and Analyzing Qualitative Data - Meghan Cope
• Transitional Economies - John Round
• Transitional Justice - Rachel Hughes
• Transnational Corporations in Developing Countries - Evaristus Oshionebo
• Transnational Elites - Andrew Greenhalgh-Cook
• Transnational Ethnic Networks - HaeRan Shin
• Transnationalism - Evangeline O Katigbak
• Transnationalism and Labor Geography - PF Kelly
• Transport and Accessibility - Javier Gutiérrez and Juan Carlos García-Palomares
• Transport and Deregulation - Peter White and Frances Kremarik
• Transport and Globalization - Kevin O’Connor and Kurt Fuellhart
• Transport and Social Exclusion - Julian Hine and Md Kamruzzaman
• Transport and Sustainability - David Bonilla and Ricardo Carreon Sosa
• Transport Geography - Richard D Knowles
• Transport, Urban - Becky PY Loo
• Transportation and Land Use - Jean-Paul Rodrigue
• Trend Surface Models - David J Unwin
• Triangulation - Andrea J Nightingale
• U
• Uncertainty - Michael Frank Goodchild
• Underclass - Christine Haylett
• Uneven Development - Brett Christophers
• Urban Age - Charity Edwards and Brendan Gleeson
• Urban Architecture - Jane M Jacobs
• Urban Citizenship - Junxi Qian
• Urban Design - Creighton Connolly
• Urban Ecology - Jason A Byrne and Donna Houston
• Urban Growth Machine - Scott Rodgers
• Urban Health and Systems Thinking - Thomas Krafft and Franz W Gatzweiler
• Urban Morphologies - Terry R Slater
• Urban Order - Mark Jayne and David Bell
• Urban Physical Geography - Min Liu
• Urban Planning - Margo Huxley and Andy Inch
• Urban Policy - Allan Cochrane
• Urban Regeneration - Kate Shaw and Tim Butler
• Urban Regimes - Mickey Lauria, Robert K Whelan, and Heywood Sanders
• Urban Representation - Nate Millington
• Urban Village - Graham Crow
• Urbanism - Gary Bridge
• Urbanism, Comparative - Charlotte Lemanski
• Urbanism, New - Eugene McCann
• Urbanization - GU Chaolin
• V
• Venture Capital - Colin Mason
• Violence - Simon Springer and Philippe Le Billon
• Violence and Peace - Chih Yuan Woon
• Visceral Geography - Allison Hayes-Conroy and Jessica Hayes-Conroy
• Visuality - Eric Goldfischer
• Vital Geographies - Gerry Kearns
• Volunteered Geographic Information - Britta Ricker
• Vulnerability - Ben Wisner
• W
• Walking Methodologies - Joseph S Robinson and Andrew G McClelland
• War - V Mamadouh
• War, Historical Geography of - Nuala C Johnson
• Waste Management - Matt Watson
• Water Resources - Fiona Allon
• Water Security - Elijah Bisung and Sarah Dickin
• Waterfront Development - Mark Davidson
• Welfare Geography - Adam Whitworth
• Welfare Reform - David Conradson
• Wellbeing in Place - Elizabeth Opiyo Onyango and Joseph Kangmennaang
• Wetlands and Reclamation - Matthew G Hatvany
• Wildness - Charles Warren
• World/Global Cities - Ben Derudder
• World-System - Kees Terlouw
• Writing - Rae Dufty-Jones
• Y
• Youth/Youth Cultures - Louise Holt