Encyclopedia of Ancient Rome
Encyclopedia of Ancient Rome
Editor/Author
Bunson, Matthew
Publication Year: 2012
Publisher: Facts On File
Price: Core Collection Only

ISBN: 978-1-4381-3860-2
Category: History - History, Ancient
Image Count:
134
Book Status: Available
Table of Contents
Encyclopedia of Ancient Rome, Third Edition provides comprehensive and interdisciplinary coverage of the people, places, events, and ideas of ancient Rome.
This book is found in the following Credo Collections:
Table of Contents
- List of Illustrations and Maps
- Introduction
- A Note on Names
- Historical Overview
- Geographical Overview
- Chronology of Major Events
- A
- Ablabius, Flavius (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- ab urbe condita
- Acacius of Constantinople (d. after 327 C.E.)
- Academy
- Accius, Lucius (170–ca. 86 B.C.E.)
- acclamatio
- Achaea
- Achillas (fl. mid-first century B.C.E.)
- Achilleus (d. ca. 297 C.E.)
- Acilius, Gaius (fl. mid-second century B.C.E.)
- acta
- acta Senatus
- Acte, Claudia (d. after 69 C.E.)
- Actium, battle of
- Acts of the Pagan Martyrs
- adlectio
- administration
- adoptio
- Adrianople
- Adriaticum Mare (Adriatic Sea)
- Aduatuca
- Adventus, Marcus Oclatinus (160–after 218 C.E.)
- advocatus
- aedile
- Aedui
- Aegidius (d. 464 C.E.)
- Aelianus, Casperius (d. 98 C.E.)
- Aelius, Paetus Catus Sextus (fl. 198–194 B.C.E.)
- Aelius Caesar, Lucius (Lucius Ceionius Commodus) (d. 138 C.E.)
- Aemilian (Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus) (d. 253 C.E.)
- Aemilianus, Scipio
- Aemilius Scaurus, Marcus (ca. 163–89 B.C.E.)
- Aeneas
- Aequi
- aerarium
- Aetius, Flavius (d. 454 C.E.)
- Aetolian League
- Afer, Gnaeus Domitius (d. 59 C.E.)
- Afranius, Lucius (d. 46 C.E.)
- Africa (province)
- Africa Nova
- Africa Proconsularis
- Africa Vetus
- ager publicus
- Agricola, Gnaeus Julius (40–93 C.E.)
- agriculture
- Agrippa I, Marcus Julius (Herod) (d. 44 C.E.)
- Agrippa II, Marcus Julius (Herod) (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius (d. 12 B.C.E.)
- Agrippa Postumus, Marcus Vipsanius (12 B.C.E.–14 C.E.)
- Agrippina (Vipsania Agrippina) (d. 20 C.E.)
- Agrippina the Elder (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Agrippina the Younger (Julia Agrippina) (15–59 C.E.)
- Alamanni (Alemanni)
- Alans (Alani)
- Alaric (ca. 395–410 C.E.)
- Alavius
- Alba Longa
- Alesia
- Alexander, Domitius (d. 311 C.E.)
- Alexander of Cotiaeon (fl. second century C.E.)
- Alexander of Seleucia (fl. second century C.E.)
- Alexandria
- Alexandria, battle of
- Alexandria, Library of
- Alexandria Troas
- Allectus (fl. late third century C.E.)
- Allobroges
- Alps
- Amandus and Aelianus
- Amaseia (Amasia)
- Amathus
- Ambiorix (d. after 54 B.C.E.)
- ambitus
- Ambrose (339–397 C.E.)
- amici principis
- Ammianus Marcellinus (ca. 330–395 C.E.)
- Ammonius Saccas (175–242 C.E.)
- Ampelius, Lucius (fl. third century C.E.)
- amphora
- Ampius, T. Balbus (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Amulius
- Ancus Marcius (r. 640–616 B.C.E.)
- Andalusia
- Anicetus (fl. first century C.E.)
- annalists
- Anna Perena
- Annius Verus, Marcus (fl. early second century C.E.)
- annona
- Anthemius (1) (fl. early fifth century C.E.)
- Anthemius (2) (fl. mid-fifth century C.E.)
- Antinopolis
- Antinous (d. 130 C.E.)
- Antioch (1)
- Antioch (2)
- Antiochus I (fl. late first century B.C.E.)
- Antiochus III (d. 17 C.E.)
- Antiochus III the Great, king of Syria (241–187 B.C.E.)
- Antiochus IV (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Antiochus of Ascalon (d. 68 B.C.E.)
- Antipater of Idumaea (fl. mid-first century B.C.E.)
- Antonia (1) (36 B.C.E.–37 C.E.)
- Antonia (2) (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Antonines
- Antonine Wall
- antoninianus
- Antoninus, Arrius (b. 31 C.E.)
- Antoninus Pius (86–161 C.E.)
- Antonius, Iullus (fl. late first century B.C.E.)
- Antonius, Lucius (fl. mid-first century B.C.E.)
- Antonius Musa (d. after 23 C.E.)
- Antony (St. Antony) (ca. 251–356 C.E.)
- Antony, Marc (Marcus Antonius) (ca. 83–30 B.C.E.)
- Antyllus (d. 30 B.C.E.)
- Anullinus, Publius Cornelius (fl. late second century C.E.)
- Apamea Cibotus
- Apamea Orontem
- Apelles (d. ca. 37 C.E.)
- Aper, Arrius (d. 284 C.E.)
- Apicata (d. 31 C.E.)
- Apicius
- Apis
- Apollinaris of Laodicea (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- Apollo
- Apollodorus (fl. early second century C.E.)
- Apollodorus of Pergamum (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Apollonius of Tyana (fl. first century C.E.)
- apparitores
- Appendix Vergiliana
- Appian Way
- Apronius, Lucius (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Apuleius (b. ca. 125 C.E.)
- aquae
- Aquae Sextiae (Aixen-Provence), battle of
- aqueducts
- Aquileia
- Aquitania
- Arabia
- Ara Pacis
- Arar, battle of
- Arausio (Orange)
- Arausio, battle of
- Arbitio, Flavius (fourth century C.E.)
- Arbogast (d. 394 C.E.)
- Arcadius, Flavius (d. 408 C.E.)
- Archelaus (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Archelaus of Cappadocia (d. 17 C.E.)
- arches
- Archimedes (287–212 B.C.E.)
- architecture
- Ardashir I (d. 241 C.E.)
- Aretas III (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Aretas IV (late first century B.C.E.)
- Argentoratum
- argentus
- Arianism
- Ariobarzanes III (d. 42 B.C.E.)
- Ariobarzanes of Media (d. ca. 4 C.E.)
- Ariogaesus (d. after 173 C.E.)
- Ariovistus (fl. 71–58 B.C.E.)
- Aristides, Aelius (Publius Aelius Aristides Theodorus) (117–181 C.E.)
- Aristobulus (late third century C.E.)
- Aristobulus II (d. 48 B.C.E.)
- Aristobulus and Alexander (d. 7 B.C.E.)
- Arius (260–336 C.E.)
- Arles
- Armenia and Armenia Minor
- Arminius (Hermann) (d. 19 C.E.)
- armor
- army
- Arrian (Flavius Arrianus) (fl. second century C.E.)
- Arria the Elder (d. 43 C.E.)
- Arria the Younger (d. after 69 C.E.)
- Arsacid dynasty
- Arsinoe (1) (d. 41 B.C.E.)
- Arsinoe (2)
- Artabanus III (d. 38 C.E.)
- Artabanus V (d. ca. 226 C.E.)
- Artagira
- art and architecture
- Artavasdes (1) (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Artavasdes (2) (d. 34 B.C.E.)
- Artaxata
- Artaxerxes
- Artaxes II (d. 20 B.C.E.)
- Artemidorus Daldianus (d. after 138 C.E.)
- Artemis
- Arulenus Rusticus, Q. Junius (d. ca. 93 C.E.)
- Arval Brethren
- Arvandus (fl. fifth century C.E.)
- as
- Asclepiodotus (fl. third century C.E.)
- Asclepius (Aesculapius)
- Asconius Pedianus, Quintus (Asconius) (2 B.C.E.– 83 C.E.?)
- Asculum, battle of
- Asia
- Asia Minor
- Asinius Gallus (d. 33 C.E.)
- Aspar, Flavius Ardaburius (consul in 434 C.E.)
- assassinations
- astrology
- astronomy
- Athanasius (St. Athanasius) (ca. 295–373 C.E.)
- Athaulf (d. 415 C.E.)
- Athena
- Athenadorus (fl. late first century C.E.)
- Athens
- Atilius, Calatinus (fl. mid-third century B.C.E.)
- Atilius Regulus, Marcus (d. ca. 250 B.C.E.)
- Attalus, Priscus (early fifth century C.E.)
- Attalus III, king of Pergamum (ca. 170–133 B.C.E.)
- Attianus, Publius Acilius (fl. early second century C.E.)
- Attila (d. 453 C.E.)
- auctoritas
- Aufidius Bassus
- augurium canarium
- augurs and augury
- Augusta
- Augusta Praetoria (Aosta)
- Augusta Raurica (Augst)
- Augusta Taurinorum
- Augusta Treverorum
- Augusta Vindelicorum (Augsburg)
- Augustans
- Augustine (Aurelius Augustinus, St. Augustine) (354–430 C.E.)
- Augustodonum
- Augustus (Gaius Octavian) (63 B.C.E.–14 C.E.)
- Aurelian (Lucius Domitius Aurelianus) (ca. 215 C.E. 275 C.E.)
- Aurelius, Marcus
- Aurelius Scaurus, Marcus (d. 105 B.C.E.)
- Aurelius Victor (fl. late fourth century C.E.)
- Aureolus, Manius Acilius (d. 268 C.E.)
- aureus
- Ausonius, Decimus Magnus (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- Auxiliaries
- Avaricum, siege of
- Averni (Arverni)
- Avidius Heliodorus (fl. early second century C.E.)
- Avidius Nigrinus, Gaius (d. 118 C.E.)
- Avitus (d. ca. 456 C.E.)
- B
- Baalbek
- Bacchus
- Bactria
- Baetica
- Bagaudae
- Baiae
- Balbillus, Tiberius Claudius (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Balbinus (d. 238 C.E.)
- Balbus, Lucius Cornelius (1) (fl. mid-first century B.C.E.)
- Balbus, Lucius Cornelius (2) (fl. late first century B.C.E.)
- Balbus, T. Ampius (d. after 48 B.C.E.)
- Balearic Islands
- Ballista (fl. mid-third century C.E.)
- Barbia Orbiana (d. after 227 C.E.)
- Barbillus
- Bar Cochba, Simon (d. 135 C.E.)
- Bargoia, Simon (Simon Bar Giora)
- Barnabas (fl. first century C.E.)
- Basilianus (d. 218 C.E.)
- basilica
- Basilica Aemilia
- Basilica Julia
- Basilica Maxentia
- Basilica Ulpia
- Basilides (fl. second century C.E.)
- Basiliscus (fl. fifth century C.E.)
- Basil the Great (ca. 329–379)
- Bassus, Aufidius (d. after 54 C.E.)
- Bassus, Betilinus (d. 40 C.E.)
- Bassus, C. Julius Quadratus (d. after 118 C.E.)
- Bassus, Junius (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- Bassus, Quintus Caecilius (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Bassus Theotechnis, Junius (317–359 C.E.)
- Batavi
- Bath
- baths
- Bato (1) (d. 9 C.E.)
- Bato (2) (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Bato (3) (d. 212 C.E.)
- Bauli
- Bauto (d. ca. 388 C.E.)
- Bedriacum
- Belgae
- Belgica
- Bellona
- beneficiarii
- Beneventum
- Berenice (b. 28 C.E.)
- Berytus
- Betriacum
- Bibracte
- Bibulus, Lucius Calpurnius (d. 32 or 31 B.C.E.)
- Bibulus, Marcus Calpurnius (d. 48 B.C.E.)
- Bithynia
- Black Sea
- Blaesus, Quintus Junius (d. 31 C.E.)
- Bolanus, Vettius (d. after 71 C.E.)
- Bona Dea
- Boniface (Bonifatius) (fl. early fifth century C.E.)
- Bordeaux
- Bosporus kingdom
- Boudicca (Boadaecia, Boadecia) (d. 61 C.E.)
- Brennus (fl. early fourth century B.C.E.)
- Brigantes
- Britain
- Britannia
- Britannicus (41–55 C.E.)
- Bructeri
- Brundisium
- Brundisium, Treaty of
- Bruttidius Niger (d. ca. 31 C.E.)
- Brutus, Lucius Junius (sixth century B.C.E.)
- Brutus, Marcus Junius (d. 42 B.C.E.)
- Brutus Albinus, Decimus Junius (d. 43 B.C.E.)
- Bucolici
- Bulla Regia
- Burdigala
- Burebista (d. 44 B.C.E.)
- Burgundians
- Burrus, Sextus Afranius (d. 62 C.E.)
- Byzantium
- C
- Cabiri
- Caecilius, Statius (d. 168 or 166 B.C.E.)
- Caecilius Metellus Numidicus, Quintus (d. ca. 91 B.C.E.)
- Caecina Alienus, Aulus (d. 79 C.E.)
- Caecina Severus, Aulus (Aulus Caecina Severus) (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Caelian Hill
- Caelius Rufus, Marcus (d. 47 B.C.E.)
- Caenis (d. 75 C.E.)
- Caesar, Gaius (20 B.C.E.–4 C.E.)
- Caesar, Julius (Gaius Julius Caesar) (100–44 B.C.E.)
- Caesar, Lucius (17 B.C.E.–2 C.E.)
- Caesar, Ptolemy (47 B.C.E.–30 B.C.E.)
- Caesarea
- Caesarion
- Caledonia
- Caledonians
- Calenas, Q. Fufius (d. 40 B.C.E.)
- calendar
- Caligula
- Callistus (d. 222 C.E.)
- Callistus, Gaius Julius (d. ca. 52 C.E.)
- Calpurnia (fl. mid-first century B.C.E.)
- Calpurnius Siculus, Titus (fl. 50–60 C.E.)
- Calvinus, Gnaeus Domitius (fl. mid-first century B.C.E.)
- Calvisius (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Calvus, Gaius Licinius Macer (82–47 or 46 B.C.E.)
- Camillus, Furius Scribonianus (1) (d. 42 C.E.)
- Camillus, Furius Scribonianus (2) (d. ca. 52 C.E.)
- Camillus, Marcus Furius (ca. 446–365 B.C.E.)
- Campania
- Campi Raudii, battle of
- Campus Martius
- Camulodunum
- Candidus, Tiberius Claudius (fl. late second century C.E.)
- Candidus Crassus, Publius (d. 30 B.C.E.)
- Cannae, battle of
- Cantabri
- Capella, Martianus (fl. fifth century)
- Capellianus (fl. mid-third century C.E.)
- Capito, Cossutianus (fl. 57–66 C.E.)
- Capito, Gaius Ateius (34 B.C.E.–22 C.E.)
- Capitoline Hill
- Cappadocia
- Capri
- Capua
- Caracalla (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus) (188–217 C.E.)
- Caratacus (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Carausius, Marcus Aurelius Mausaeus (d. 293 C.E.)
- Caria
- Carinus, Marcus Aurelius (d. 285 C.E.)
- Carna
- Carnuntum
- Carrhae
- Carthage
- Cartimandua (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Carus, Marcus Aurelius (d. 283 C.E.)
- Casca, Gaius (d. after 44 B.C.E.)
- Casca, Servilius (d. 42 B.C.E.)
- Cassian, John (Eremita, Johannes Cassianus, Johannes Massiliensis) (360–435 C.E.)
- Cassius (Gaius Cassius Longinus) (d. 42 B.C.E.)
- Cassius, Gaius Avidius (d. 175 C.E.)
- Cassius Longinus, Gaius (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Cassius Longinus, L. (d. after 114 B.C.E.)
- Cassius Longinus, Lucius (d. after 44 B.C.E.)
- Cassius Parmensis (d. 31 B.C.E.)
- Cassius Severus (d. 34 C.E.)
- Cassius Vecellinus, Spurius (d. 485 B.C.E.)
- Cassivellaunus (fl. mid-first century B.C.E.)
- Castinus (fl. early fifth century C.E.)
- Castor and Pollux
- Castra
- Castra Praetoria
- catacombs
- Catalaunian Plain (northeastern Gaul)
- Catiline (Catilina, Lucius Sergius) (108–62 B.C.E.)
- Cato, Marcus Porcius, the Elder (234–149 B.C.E.)
- Cato Uticensis, Marcus Porcius (95–46 B.C.E.)
- Catullus (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Catullus, Gaius Valerius (87–54 B.C.E.)
- Catulus, Quintus Lutatius (d. after 62 B.C.E.)
- Catus Decianus (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Catuvellauni
- Celer, Caninius (fl. second century C.E.)
- Celer, Publius (d. ca. 69 C.E.)
- Celestine I (d. 432)
- Celsus (fl. second century C.E.)
- Celsus, Aulus Cornelius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Celsus, L. Publius (d. 117 C.E.)
- Celsus, Marius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Celts
- censor
- census
- centuriation
- centurion
- Cerealia
- Cerealis (Quintus Petillius Cerealis Caesius Rufus) (fl. first century C.E.)
- Ceres
- Cestius Gallus (fl. first century C.E.)
- Cestus, Gallius (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Chaerea, Cassius (d. 41 C.E.)
- Chalcedon
- Chalcedon, Council of
- Chalcis
- Chaldaea
- Châlons, battle of
- Charisius, Flavius Sosipater (fl. late fourth century)
- Charon
- Chatti
- Chauci
- Cherusci
- China
- Christianity, rise of
- Chrysanthius (1) (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- Chrysanthius (2) (d. 419 C.E.)
- Cicero, Marcus Tullius (1) (106–43 B.C.E.)
- Cicero, Marcus Tullius (2) (b. 65 B.C.E.)
- Cicero, Quintus Tullius (102 B.C.E.–43 B.C.E.)
- Cilicia
- Cilo, Lucius Fabius (fl. late second to early third century C.E.)
- Cimbri
- Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius (519–438 B.C.E.)
- Cincius Alimentus, Lucius (fl. late third century B.C.E.)
- Cinna, Gaius Helvius (d. 44 B.C.E.)
- Cinna, Lucius Cornelius (d. 84 B.C.E.)
- circus
- Circus Maximus
- citizenship, Roman
- Civilis, Gaius Julius (fl. first century C.E.)
- civil service
- Civil War, First Triumvirate
- Civil War, Second Triumvirate
- Civil War, 69 C.E.
- Clarus, C. Septicius (fl. early second century C.E.)
- Classicus, Julius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Claudian (Claudius Claudianus) (ca. 370–ca. 404 C.E.)
- Claudius (Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus) (10 B.C.E.–54 C.E.)
- Claudius, Appius (d. 273 B.C.E.)
- Claudius, Freedmen of
- Claudius, wives of
- Claudius II Gothicus (Marcus Aurelius Valerius Claudius) (ca. 214–270 C.E.)
- Cleander, Marcus Aurelius (d. 186 C.E.)
- Clemens, Arrecinus (d. ca. 81 C.E.)
- Clemens, Flavius (d. 95 C.E.)
- Clemens, M. Arrecinus (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Clement of Alexandria (Titus Flavius Clemens) (ca. 150–203? C.E.)
- Clement I (Clement of Rome) (d. 97 C.E.)
- Cleopatra (d. 30 B.C.E.)
- client states
- Cloaca Maxima
- Clodia (b. ca. 94 B.C.E.)
- Clodius Albinus, Decimus (d. 197 C.E.)
- Clodius Pulcher, Publius (d. 52 B.C.E.)
- clothing
- Cogidubnus, Tiberius Claudius (fl. first century C.E.)
- cohort
- coinage
- Collatinus, Lucius Tarquinius (fl. sixth century B.C.E.)
- Cologne
- Colonia Agrippina
- colonies
- Colosseum
- Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus (fl. first century C.E.)
- columns
- comes
- Comitatenses
- Comitates
- comites
- Comitia Centuriata
- Comitia Curiata
- Comitia Tributa
- Commagene
- commendatio
- Commius (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Commodian (fl. third century C.E.)
- Commodus (Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus) (161–192 C.E.)
- communication
- concilia
- Concilium Plebis
- Condianus, Sextus Quintilius
- conductores
- Consilium Principis
- consistorium
- Constans, Flavius Julius (320–350 C.E.)
- Constantia (fl. early fourth century C.E.)
- Constantina (d. 354 C.E.)
- Constantine (the Great, Flavius Valerius Constantinus) (ca. 285–337 C.E.)
- Constantine II (317–340 C.E.)
- Constantine III (d. 411 C.E.)
- Constantinople
- Constantius I Chlorus (d. 306 C.E.)
- Constantius II (317–361 C.E.)
- Constantius III (d. 421 C.E.)
- Constantius, Julius (d. 337 C.E.)
- constitutiones
- Consualia
- consul
- Consus
- Conventus
- Corbulo, Gnaeus Domitius (1) (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Corbulo, Gnaeus Domitius (2) (d. 67 C.E.)
- Cordius (Gordius) (d. after 221 C.E.)
- Corduba
- Cordus, Aulus Cremutius (d. 25 C.E.)
- Corinth
- Coriolanus, Gnaeus Marcius (fifth century B.C.E.)
- Cornelia (1) (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Cornelia (2) (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Cornelia (3) (d. 90 C.E.)
- Cornelius (d. 253 C.E.)
- Cornificius, Lucius (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Cornutus, Caecilius (d. 24 C.E.)
- Cornutus, Lucius Annaeus (fl. first century C.E.)
- correctores
- Corsica
- Corvus, Marcus Valerius (d. 270 B.C.E.)
- Cotta, Lucius Aurunculeius
- Cotta Messalinius, M. Aurelius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Cottiaen Alps
- Cottius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Cotys (1) (fl. first century C.E.)
- Cotys (2) (d. before 62 C.E.)
- Cotys of Thrace (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Crassus, Canidius
- Crassus, Lucius Licinianus (d. 91 B.C.E.)
- Crassus (1), Marcus Licinius (ca. 115–53 B.C.E.)
- Crassus (2), Marcus Licinius (fl. last first century B.C.E.)
- Crassus, Publius Licinius (d. 53 B.C.E.)
- Cremona
- Crescentia, Cannutia (d. 213 C.E.)
- Crete and Cyrenaica
- Crispina (d. 182 C.E.)
- Crispinilla, Calvia (fl. first century C.E.)
- Crispinus, Rufrius (d. 66 C.E.)
- Crispinus, Tullius (d. 193 C.E.)
- Crispus, Flavius Julius (305–326 C.E.)
- Crispus, Quintus Vibius (10–90)
- Ctesiphon
- Cuicul
- Cumae
- Cunctator, Q. Fabius (d. 203 B.C.E.)
- Cunobellinus (d. 42 C.E.)
- curatores
- curia
- Curia Cornelia
- Curia Hostilia
- Curia Julia
- curialis
- Curia Pompeia
- cursus honorum
- cursus publicus
- Cybele
- Cynegius, Maternus (fl. late fourth century C.E.)
- Cynics
- Cynoscephalae, battle of
- Cyprian of Carthage (Thrascius Caecilius Cyprianus) (d. 258 C.E.)
- Cyprus
- Cyrenaica
- Cyrene
- Cyril of Alexandria (d. 444 C.E.)
- Cyril of Jerusalem (ca. 315–386 C.E.)
- Cyrus, Flavius (fl. fifth century C.E.)
- Cyzicus
- Cyzicus, battle of
- D
- Dacia
- Dalmatia
- Dalmatius, Flavius (d. ca. 337 C.E.)
- Dalmatius, Flavius Julius (d. 337 C.E.)
- Damascus
- Damasus (ca. 304–384 C.E.)
- damnatio memoriae
- Danube
- Daphne
- Datianus (d. after 365 C.E.)
- Dea Dia
- death
- Decangi
- Decebalus (d. 106 C.E.)
- decemviri
- Decius, Gaius Messius Quintus (Trajanus) (d. 251 C.E.)
- Decius Mus, Publius
- declamatio
- decuriones
- Deiotarus (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- delatores
- Deldo (d. 29 B.C.E.)
- Demetrius (fl. third century C.E.)
- Demetrius the Cynic (fl. first century C.E.)
- denarius
- Densus, Sempronius (d. 69 C.E.)
- Dentheleti
- Dexippus, Publius Herennius (fl. third century C.E.)
- Diadumenian (Marcus Opellius Antoninus Diadumenianus) (d. 218 C.E.)
- Diana
- dictator
- Didius Julianus (Marcus Didius Severus Julianus) (133–193 C.E.)
- Dio Cassius (b. ca. 155 C.E.)
- diocese
- diocletian (gaius aurelius valerius diocletianus) (d. 316)
- Dio Cocceianus (Dio Chrysostom, Dio of Prusa) (ca. 40/45–ca. 114 C.E.)
- Diodorus, Siculus (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Diogenes, Laertius (fl. third century C.E.)
- Diomedes (fl. late fourth century C.E.)
- Dionysius, Papirius (fl. second century C.E.)
- Dionysius of Alexandria (d. 264 C.E.)
- Dionysius of Halicarnassus (d. 8/7 B.C.E.)
- Dionysius the Areopagite (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Dionysius the Great (d. ca. 264)
- Dionysus
- Dioscorides (fl. first or second century C.E.)
- Dioscuri
- diplomata
- Dis, king of the Underworld
- divination
- Dolabella, Publius Cornelius (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- domestici, protectores
- Domitia (d. 59 C.E.)
- Domitia Lepida
- Domitia Longina (fl. late first century B.C.E.)
- Domitia Lucilla
- Domitian (Titus Flavius Domitianus) (51–96 C.E.)
- Domitianus, Gaius (fl. third century C.E.)
- Domitilla, Flavia (1) (d. before 69 C.E.)
- Domitilla, Flavia (2) (d. before 69 C.E.)
- Domitilla, Flavia (3) (d. ca. 95 C.E.)
- Domitius Ahenobarbus
- Domitius Ahenobarbus (1), Gnaeus (d. ca. 31 B.C.E.)
- Domitius Ahenobarbus (2), Gnaeus (d. 40 C.E.)
- Domitius Ahenobarbus (1), Lucius (d. 48 B.C.E.)
- Domitius Ahenobarbus (2), Lucius (d. 25 C.E.)
- domus
- Domus Aurea
- Domus Flavia
- Domus Tiberiana
- Domus Transitoria
- Donatism
- donativum
- Donatus, Aelius (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- Donatus, Tiberius Claudius (fl. late fourth century C.E.)
- Doryphorus (d. 62 C.E.)
- Doura
- drama
- Drepanum, battle of
- Druids and Druidism
- Drusilla (1), Julia (d. 38 C.E.)
- Drusilla (2) (d. after 79 C.E.)
- Drusus, Marcus Livius
- Drusus (1), Nero Claudius (Drusus the Elder) (38–9 B.C.E.)
- Drusus (2) (d. 33 C.E.)
- Drusus (3), Julius Caesar (Drusus the Younger) (13 B.C.E.–23 C.E.)
- Drusus (4) (fl. first century C.E.)
- Duilius, Gaius (d. after 258 B.C.E.)
- duumviri
- Dyrrhachium
- E
- Eburacum (York)
- Eburones
- Ecbatana
- Eclectus (fl. late second century C.E.)
- economy
- Edessa
- education
- Egypt
- Egypt, prefect of
- Elagabalus (Varius Avitus Bassianus Marcus Aurelius Antoninus) (204–222 C.E.)
- Elegira
- Emesa
- emperors of the Roman Empire
- Empiricus, Sextus (d. c. 210 C.E.)
- engineering
- Ennia Thrasylla (d. 38 C.E.)
- Ennius, Quintus (239–169 B.C.E.)
- Epagathus (fl. early third century C.E.)
- Epaphroditus (1) (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Epaphroditus (2) (fl. first century C.E.)
- Ephesus
- Ephesus, Council of
- Epictetus (ca. 55–135 C.E.)
- Epicureanism
- Epirus
- epistulis, ab
- Eprius Marcellus, Titus Clodius (d. 79 C.E.)
- Equites (Equester Ordo, Equestrians, or the Knights)
- Erato (d. after 1 C.E.)
- Ermanaric (fl. ca. 450–471 C.E.)
- Erucius Clarus, Sextus (fl. early second century C.E.)
- Esquiline Hill
- Essenes
- Ethiopia
- Etruria
- Etruscans
- Eucherius (d. 408 C.E.)
- Eudocia, Aelia (d. 460 C.E.)
- Eudoxia, Aelia (d. 404 C.E.)
- Eudoxia, Licinia (fl. mid-fifth century C.E.)
- Eugenius, Flavius (d. 394 C.E.)
- Eumenius (fl. late third century C.E.)
- Eunapius (ca. 346–after 414 C.E.)
- Euphrates River
- Euric (d. 484 C.E.)
- Eusebia (d. ca. 361 C.E.)
- Eusebius (d. 361 C.E.)
- Eusebius of Caesarea (d. 260–340)
- Eusebius of Nicomedia (d. ca. 342 C.E.)
- Eustathius of Antioch (Eustathius the Great) (d. ca. 337)
- Eustathius of Sebaste (d. ca. 377)
- Eutherius (fl. mid-fourth century C.E.)
- Eutropia (fl. mid-late third century C.E.)
- Eutropius (1) (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- Eutropius (2) (d. ca. 399 C.E.)
- Eutyches (ca. 378–ca. 451)
- Eutychianus, Valerius Comazon (d. ca. 222 C.E.?)
- Evagrius Ponticus (346–399)
- Evocati
- Excubitors
- Exploratores
- Exsilium
- F
- Fabatus, Rubrius (d. after 32 C.E.)
- Fabian (d. 250 C.E.)
- Fabian tactics
- Fabianus Papirius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Fabiola (d. 399)
- Fabius Maximus, Quintus
- Fabius Maximus Rullianus, Quintus (d. after 295 B.C.E.)
- Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, Quintus
- Fabius Pictor (fl. late third century B.C.E.)
- Fabricius Luscinus, Gaius (d. after 275 B.C.E.)
- family
- farming
- fasces
- Fausta, Flavia Maxima (d. 326 C.E.)
- Faustina (1), Annia Galeria (the Elder) (d. 140 C.E.)
- Faustina (2), Annia Galeria (the Younger) (d. 176 C.E.)
- Favonius Eulogius (fl. mid-fourth century C.E.)
- Favorinus (ca. 80–150 C.E.)
- Felicitas
- Felix, Flavius Constantius (d. 430 C.E.)
- Felix, M. Minucius (fl. second century C.E.)
- Felix, Marcus Antonius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Fenestella (52 or 53 B.C.E.–36 C.E.)
- Festivals of the Roman Year
- Festus, Porcius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Festus, Rufius (d. 380 C.E.)
- Festus, Sextus Pompeius (fl. late second century C.E.)
- fetiales
- Fidenae, Amphitheater of
- Fides
- Figulus, Nigidius (ca. 98–after 46 B.C.E.)
- finance
- Firmicus Maternus, Julius (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- Firmus (fl. third century C.E.)
- Firmus, Plotius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Fiscus
- Flaccilla (fl. late fourth century C.E.)
- Flaccus, C. Valerius (d. ca. 90 C.E., but not after 92)
- Flaccus, Lucius Valerius (d. 180 B.C.E.)
- Flaccus, Marcus Fulvius (d. 121 B.C.E.)
- Flaccus, Quintus Fulvius (d. after 205 B.C.E.)
- Flaccus, Verrius (fl. early first century C.E.)
- flamens
- Flaminius, Gaius (d. 217 B.C.E.)
- Flavians
- Flavianus, Virius Nicomachus (334–394 C.E.)
- Flavius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Florentia (Florence)
- Florianus, Marcus Annius (d. 276 C.E.)
- Florus, Gessius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Florus, Julius (d. 21 C.E.)
- Florus, Publius Annius (fl. ca. 117–138 C.E.)
- foedus Cassianum
- food and drink, Roman
- foricae
- Fortuna
- forum
- Forum Augustum
- Forum Caesaris
- Forum Gallorum
- Forum Julium
- Forum Pacis
- Forum Romanum
- Forum Traiani
- Forum Transitorium
- Franks
- freedmen
- Frigidus
- Frisii
- Fritigern and Alavius
- Frontinus, Sextus Julius (ca. 40–103 C.E.)
- Fronto, Marcus Cornelius (ca. 100–166 C.E.)
- frumentarii
- Fulvia (d. 40 B.C.E.)
- furnishings
- Furrina
- Fuscus, Cornelius (d. 86 C.E.)
- G
- Gabinius, Aulus (d. 48 B.C.E.)
- Gabinius, P. (d. after 41 C.E.)
- Gaetulia
- Gaius (ca. 110–180 C.E.)
- Gaius Caligula (Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus) (12–41 C.E.)
- Galatia
- Galba (1) (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Galba (2), Servius Sulpicius (3 B.C.E.–69 C.E.)
- Galen (Claudius Galenus) (ca. 129–ca. 200 C.E.)
- Galerius (Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus) (d. 311 C.E.)
- Galilee
- Galla, Satria (d. after 65 C.E.)
- Gallia
- Gallia Cisalpina
- Gallia Narbonensis
- Gallia Transalpina
- Gallic Wars
- Gallienus, Publius Licinius Egnatius (d. 268 C.E.)
- Gallio, Junius (d. 32 C.E.)
- Gallio, Lucius Annaeanus Junius (d. ca. 65 C.E.)
- Gallus, Aelius (fl. late first century B.C.E.)
- Gallus, Appius Annius (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Gallus, Aulus Didius (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Gallus, Cestius (d. ca. 66 C.E.)
- Gallus, Gaius Asinius (d. 33 C.E.)
- Gallus, Gaius Cornelius (70–26 B.C.E.)
- Gallus Caesar (Flavius Claudius Constantius Gallus) (ca. 326–354 C.E.)
- Gamala
- games
- Gannascus (d. ca. 47 C.E.)
- Gannys (d. after 218 C.E.)
- Ganymedes (d. ca. 48 B.C.E.)
- gardens
- Gaul
- Gavius Maximus, Marcus (d. after 158 C.E.)
- Geiseric (d. 477 C.E.)
- Gellius, Aulus (fl. second century C.E.)
- Gellius Publicola, Lucius (d. after 70 B.C.E.)
- Gemellus, Tiberius (d. 37 C.E.)
- Gemonian Stairs
- Genialis, T. Flavius (fl. late second century C.E.)
- genius
- George of Cappadocia (d. 361 C.E.)
- Gergovia
- Germania
- Germanicus Julius Caesar (15 B.C.E.–19 C.E.)
- Germany
- Geta (1), Lucius Septimius (198–211 C.E.)
- Geta (2), Lusius (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Gildo (d. 398 C.E.)
- Gischala
- gladiators
- gluttony
- Glycerius (fl. late fifth century C.E.)
- Gnosticism
- gods and goddesses
- Golden House of Nero
- Gordian I (Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus (ca. 159–238 C.E.)
- Gordian II (Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus) (d. 238 C.E.)
- Gordian III (Marcus Antonius Gordianus) (225– 244 C.E.)
- Gotarzes II (d. 49 C.E.)
- Goths
- government
- Gracchus, Gaius (154–121 B.C.E.)
- Gracchus, Tiberius (163–133 B.C.E.)
- Graecina, Pomponia (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Gratian (Flavius Gratianus) (359–383 C.E.)
- Grattius (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Gregory of Nazianzus (St. Gregory Nazianzen) (ca. 330–390)
- Gregory of Nyssa (ca. 335–395)
- Gregory the Illuminator (257–332)
- Gundioc (fl. mid-fifth century C.E.)
- Gundobad (fl. late fifth century C.E.)
- H
- Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus) (76–138 C.E.)
- Hamilcar Barca (d. 229 B.C.E.)
- Hannibal (248–183 or 182 B.C.E.)
- Hannibalianus (d. 337 C.E.)
- harpax
- Hasdrubal (d. ca. 146 B.C.E.)
- Hasdrubal Barca (d. 207 B.C.E.)
- Hasdrubal the Fair (d. 221 B.C.E.)
- Haterius, Quintus (d. 26 C.E.)
- Hatra
- health and disease
- Hegesippus (fl. second century C.E.)
- Helena (Flavia Julia Helena) (ca. 250–330)
- Helius (d. 69 C.E.)
- Hellenism
- Helvetia
- Helvetii
- Helvidius Priscus (fl. first century C.E.)
- Hera
- Heraclea, battle of
- Heracleus the Eunuch (d. 455 C.E.)
- Heraclianus, Aurelius (d. 268 C.E.)
- Herculaneum
- Herennia Etruscilla (Herennia Cupressenia Etruscilla) (fl. mid-third century C.E.)
- Herennius Etruscus (Quintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius) (d. 251 C.E.)
- Hermes
- Hermogenes (d. after 138 C.E.)
- Hermunduri
- Herod Antipas (d. after 39 C.E.)
- Herodes Atticus (Lucius Vibullius Hipparchus Tiberius Claudius Atticus Herodes) (ca. 104–178 C.E.)
- Herodian (d. ca. 250 C.E.)
- Herodias (d. after 39 C.E.)
- Herodion
- Herod the Great (ca. 73–4 B.C.E.)
- Hersilia (eighth century B.C.E.)
- Heruli
- Hesychius of Jerusalem (fl. early fifth century)
- Hibernia
- Hierocles (1) (d. 222. C.E.)
- Hierocles (2), Sossianus (fl. early fourth century C.E.)
- Hieronymian Martyrology
- Hiero II of Syracuse (d. 216 or 215 B.C.E.)
- Hilary (1) (Hilary of Arles) (403–449)
- Hilary (2) (Hilary of Poitiers) (ca. 315–367)
- Hilary (3) (Hilarius) (d. 468 C.E.)
- Hills of Rome
- Hippo
- Hippolytus (ca. 170–236)
- Hirtius, Aulus (d. 44 B.C.E.)
- Hispania
- Hispo, Romanus
- Historia Augusta
- Honoria Augusta (Justa Grata Honoria) (417/418– after 451 C.E.)
- Honorius, Flavius (383–423 C.E.)
- Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus) (65–8 B.C.E.)
- Horatii
- Horatius Cocles
- Hormazd Ardashir (d. ca. 272 C.E.)
- Hormazd II (d. 309 C.E.)
- Hormazd III (d. 459 C.E.)
- Hormisdas (fl. mid-fourth century C.E.)
- Hortensian Law
- Hortensius Hortalus, Quintus (d. 50 B.C.E.)
- Hosius (Ossius) (ca. 257–357 C.E.)
- Hostilian (Gaius Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus) (d. ca. 251 C.E.)
- Hostilius Mancinus, Gaius (d. ca. 137 B.C.E.)
- Huneric (d. 484 C.E.)
- Huns
- Hydatius (ca. 400–470 C.E.)
- Hyginus, Gaius Julius (ca. 64 B.C.E.–17 C.E.)
- Hypatia (ca. 375–415 C.E.)
- Hyrcanus (d. 30 B.C.E.)
- I
- Iamblichus (ca. 250–319/325 C.E.)
- Iazyges
- Iberia
- Icelus (d. 69 C.E.)
- Iceni
- Icilius, Lucius (fl. mid-fifth century B.C.E.)
- Idumaea
- Ignatius (St. Ignatius) (ca. 35–107 C.E.)
- Ilerda
- Illyrian Wars
- Illyricum (Dalmatia)
- imagines
- immunitas
- imperator
- Imperial Cult
- imperium
- imperium maius
- imperium proconsulares
- Incitatus
- India
- industry
- informers
- Ingenuus (fl. third century C.E.)
- Ingiuomerus (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Innocent I (d. 417 C.E.)
- insula
- Ireland
- Irenaeus (ca. 130–200 C.E.)
- Isaac the Great (St. Sahak) (ca. 350–439)
- Isauria
- Isidorus
- Isis
- Issus
- Istria
- Italia
- Italicus (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Italy
- itineraria
- ius civile
- ius emphyteuticum
- ius gentium
- ius honorum
- ius Italicum
- ius Latii
- J
- James (d. ca. 62 C.E.)
- James the Greater (James the Great) (d. 44 C.E.)
- James the Less (d. 66 C.E.)
- Janus
- Javolenus Priscus, Gaius Octavius Tidius Tassianus Lucius (fl. second century C.E.)
- Jerome (Eusebius Hieronymus; St. Jerome) (ca. 345–420 C.E.)
- Jerusalem
- Jewish Rebellion
- Jewish War
- Johannes
- John (fl. first century C.E.)
- John Chrysostom (ca. 347–407 C.E.)
- John of Gischala (d. after 70 C.E.)
- John the Usurper (d. 425 C.E.)
- Josephus, Flavius (ca. 37–ca. 100 C.E.)
- Jotapianus (fl. third century C.E.)
- Jove
- Jovian (Flavius Jovinus) (ca. 330–364 C.E.)
- Jovians and Herculians
- Jovinus (d. 413 C.E.)
- Juba I (d. 46 B.C.E.)
- Juba II (d. ca. 19 C.E.)
- Judaea
- Judaism
- Jugurtha (160–104 B.C.E.)
- Jugurthine War
- Julia (1) (d. 51 B.C.E.)
- Julia (2) (ca. 83 B.C.E.–54 B.C.E.)
- Julia (3) (39 B.C.E.–14 C.E.)
- Julia (4) (19 B.C.E.–28 C.E.)
- Julia (5) (d. 43. C.E.)
- Julia (6)
- Julia (7)
- Julia Domna (d. after 217 C.E.)
- Julia Drusilla
- Julia Livilla
- Julia Maesa (d. 226 C.E.)
- Julia Mamaea (d. 235 C.E.)
- Julia Soaemias (fl. third century C.E.)
- Julian the Apostate (Flavius Claudius Julianus) (ca. 332–363 C.E.)
- Julianus, Salvius (Lucius Octavius Cornelius Publius Salvius Julianus Aemilianus) (ca. 100–169 C.E.)
- Julius (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- Julius, Clemens (fl. first century C.E.)
- Julius Africanus, Sextus (d. ca. 240 C.E.)
- Junia (d. 22 C.E.)
- Junius Otho (fl. first century C.E.)
- Juno
- Jupiter
- jurists
- Justina (d. ca. 388 C.E.)
- Justin Martyr (ca. 100–165)
- Justus (first century C.E.)
- Jutes
- Juthungi
- Juthungine War
- Juvenal (Decimus Junius Juvenalis) (fl. early second century C.E.)
- Juvenalia
- Juvenalis, Flavius (fl. late second century C.E.)
- Juvenal of Jerusalem (d. 458 C.E.)
- Juvencus, Gaius Vettius Aquilinus (fourth century C.E.)
- K
- kings of Rome
- Knights
- Kniva (d. after 253 C.E.)
- L
- Labeo Marcus Antistius (ca. 54 B.C.E.–10/11 C.E.)
- Labeo, Pomponius (d. 34 C.E.)
- Labienus, Quintus (d. ca. 39 B.C.E.)
- Labienus, Titus (d. 45 B.C.E.)
- Laco, Cornelius (d. 69 C.E.)
- Laco, Graecinus (fl. first century C.E.)
- Lactantius (Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius) (ca. 245–323 C.E.)
- Laelianus, Upius Cornelius (d. ca. 268 C.E.)
- Laelius, Gaius (d. ca. 160 B.C.E.)
- Laelius Sapiens, the Younger, Gaius (fl. second century B.C.E.)
- Laeta, Clodia (d. 213 C.E.)
- laeti
- Laetus (d. ca. 198 C.E.)
- Laetus, Quintus Aemilius (d. ca. 192 C.E.)
- Laevinus, Marcus Valerius (fl. late third century B.C.E.)
- Lake Regillus, battle of
- Lake Trasimene, battle of
- Lamia, Aelius Plautius (d. 33 C.E.)
- Langobardi
- language
- Laodicea, Canons of
- lapsi
- lararium
- Lares
- Largus, Scribonius (d. after 53 C.E.)
- Lars Porsenna (late sixth century B.C.E.)
- latifundia
- Latin League
- Latins
- Latin War
- Latium
- law
- lawrence (laurence) (d. 258 C.E.)
- legatus (legate)
- legions
- lemures
- us, Gnaeus Cornelius (d. 25 C.E.)
- lentulus Gaetulicus, Gnaues cornelius (d. 39 C.E.)
- leo I (the Great) (ca. 401–474 C.E.)
- Leo I (d. 461 C.E.)
- Leo II (467–474 C.E.)
- Lepcis Magna
- Lepida, Aemilia (d. 36 C.E.)
- Lepida, Domitia (d. 54 C.E.)
- Lepidus, Marcus Aemilius (1) (d. 13 B.C.E.)
- Lepidus, Marcus Aemilius (2) (d. ca. 30 B.C.E.)
- Lepidus, Marcus Aemilius (3) (d. 39 C.E.)
- Lepidus, Paullus Aemilius (late first century B.C.E.)
- lex
- Libanius (314–393 C.E.)
- libellatici
- libellis, a
- Liberators
- Liberius (d. 366 C.E.)
- Libius Severus (d. 465 C.E.)
- Libo, M. Drusus (d. 16 C.E.)
- Library of Alexandria
- Liburnia
- Licinian Rogations
- Licinius, Valerius Licinianus (d. 325 C.E.)
- Licinius Lucullus, Lucius (d. 57 or 56 B.C.E.)
- Licinius Macer Calvus, Gaius (82–46 or 47 B.C.E.)
- lictors
- Ligur, Valerius (d. after 14 C.E.)
- Liguria
- limes
- Lindum (Lincoln)
- literature
- Livia (58 B.C.E.–29 C.E.)
- Livilla (d. 31 C.E.)
- Livius Andronicus (ca. 284–204 B.C.E.)
- Livius Drusus, Claudius (d. ca. 42 B.C.E.)
- Livius Drusus, Marcus (d. 91 B.C.E.)
- Livius Salinator, Marcus
- Livy (Titus Livius) (64 or 59 B.C.E.–12 or 17 C.E.)
- Lollia Paulina (d. 49 C.E.)
- Lollius, Marcus (d. ca. 1 C.E.)
- Lollius Urbicus, Quintus (fl. second century C.E.)
- Londinium
- Longinus
- Longinus, Cassius (ca. 213–273 C.E.)
- Longus, Velius (d. early second century C.E.)
- Luca, Conference of
- Lucan, Marcus Annaeus (39–65 C.E.)
- Lucania
- Lucian (fl. second century C.E.)
- Lucian of Antioch (d. 312 C.E.)
- Lucifer of Cagliari (Lucifer of Sardinia) (d. 370 or 371 C.E.)
- Lucilius, Gaius (1) (ca. 180–103 B.C.E.)
- Lucilius, Gaius (2) (fl. first century C.E.)
- Lucilla, Annia Aurelia Galeria (ca. 148–182 C.E.)
- Lucilla, Domitia (fl. second century C.E.)
- Lucina
- lucius caesar
- Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
- Lucretia
- Lucretius Carus, Titus (d. ca. 55 B.C.E.)
- Lucusta the Poisoner (d. 69 C.E.)
- ludi
- Lugdunum
- Lugdunum, battle of
- Luna
- Lupicinus, Flavius (d. after 367 C.E.)
- Lusitani
- Lusitania
- Lutatius Catulus, Gaius
- Lutetia
- Lycaonia
- Lycia-Pamphylia
- Lydia
- M
- Macarius (Macarius the Egyptian, Macarius the Great) (d. ca. 390 C.E.)
- Macarius Magnes (fl. late fourth century C.E.)
- Macedonia
- Macedonian Wars
- macellum
- Macer, Aemilius (d. 16 B.C.E.)
- Macrianus, Titus Fulvius (d. 261 C.E.)
- Macrianus, Titus Fulvius Junius (d. 261 C.E.)
- Macrinus, Marcus Opellius (ca. 165–218 C.E.)
- Macro, Quintus Naevius Cordus Sutorius (d. 38 C.E.)
- Macrobius, Ambrosius Theodosius (fl. early fifth century C.E.)
- Maeatae
- Maecenas, Gaius Cilnius (74/64–8 B.C.E.)
- Maecianus, Lucius Volusius (fl. second century C.E.)
- Maelius, Spurius (d. 439 B.C.E.)
- Maenius, Gaius (d. after 338 B.C.E.)
- Magetobriga
- magic
- magister equitum
- magister memoriae
- magister militum
- magister officiorum
- magister peditum
- Magna Graecia
- Magnentius, Flavius Magnus (ca. 303–353 C.E.)
- Magnesia, battle of
- Mago (1) (fl. mid-sixth century B.C.E.)
- Mago (2) (d. 203 B.C.E.)
- maiestas
- Majorian (Julius Valerius Majorianus) (d. 461 C.E.)
- Malchus (fl. mid-sixth century B.C.E.)
- Mamertini
- Mamertinus, Claudius (d. after 365 C.E.)
- Mamilius Tusculanus, Octavius (d. ca. 496 B.C.E.)
- Mamurra (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Mancinus, Gaius Hostilius
- Mandiuch (fl. early fifth century C.E.)
- manes
- Manichaeism
- Manilius, Manius (d. after 133 B.C.E.)
- Manilius, Marcus (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Manlius Capitolinus, Marcus (fl. early fourth century B.C.E.)
- mansiones
- Marcellinus of Dalmatia (d. 468 C.E.)
- Marcellus, Lucius Ulpius (fl. second century C.E.)
- Marcellus, Marcus Claudius (1) (d. 208 B.C.E.)
- Marcellus, Marcus Claudius (2) (43–23 B.C.E.)
- Marcellus, Nonius (fl. early fourth century C.E.)
- Marcellus, Sextus Varius (d. before 217 C.E.)
- Marcellus of Gaul (fl. late fourth century C.E.)
- Marcia (d. 193 C.E.)
- Marcian (392–457 C.E.)
- Marciana, Ulpia (ca. 48–112 C.E.)
- Marcianus, Aelius (fl. third century C.E.)
- Marcionism
- Marcius, Gaius
- Marcius, Gaius Rutilius (d. after 342 B.C.E.)
- Marcomanni
- Marcomannic Wars
- Marcus Aurelius (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus) (121– 180 C.E.)
- Maria (d. 408 C.E.)
- marines
- Maritime Alps
- Marius, Gaius (157 B.C.E.–January 13, 86 B.C.E.)
- Marius, Marcus Aurelius (fl. third century C.E.)
- Marius Maximus, Lucius (fl. late second century C.E.)
- Maroboduus (d. ca. 36 C.E.)
- marriage and divorce
- Mars
- Marsi (1)
- Marsi (2)
- Martial (Marcus Valerius Martialis) (ca. 40–103/104 C.E.)
- Martialis, Julius (d. 217 C.E.)
- Martialis, Q. Gargilius (fl. third century C.E.)
- Martianus Capella (fl. fifth century C.E.)
- Martin of Tours (ca. 316–397 C.E.)
- Masada
- Masinissa of Numidia (ca. 240–148 B.C.E.)
- Massilia
- Mater Matuta
- Mater Regina
- Maternas, Curiatius (fl. late first century C.E.)
- mathematics
- Matidia (d. 119 C.E.)
- Mauretania
- Mavia (d. after 378 C.E.)
- Maxentius, Marcus Aurelius Valerius (279–312 C.E.)
- Maximian (Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus) (ca. 240–310 C.E.)
- Maximinus (d. ca. 376 C.E.)
- Maximinus Daia (d. 313 C.E.)
- Maximinus I Thrax (Gaius Julius Verius Maximinus) (d. 238 C.E.)
- Maximus, A. Lappius (fl. late first century C.E.)
- Maximus, Gaius Julius Verius (d. 238 C.E.)
- Maximus, L. Marius (d. before 235 C.E.)
- Maximus, Magnus (d. 388 C.E.)
- Maximus, Sextus Quintilius
- Maximus of Ephesus (d. 370 or 371 C.E.)
- Maximus of Tyre (ca. 125–185 C.E.)
- Media Atropatene
- medicine
- Mediolanum
- Mediterranean Sea
- Megalesia
- Meherdates (fl. first century C.E.)
- Mela, Annaeus (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Mela, Pomponius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Melania the Elder (ca. 345–410 C.E.)
- Melania the Younger (ca. 383–438 C.E.)
- Melitius and the Melitians (fl. early fourth century C.E.)
- Melitius of Antioch (d. 381 C.E.)
- Memmius, Gaius (d. ca. 46 B.C.E.)
- Menas (Menodorus) (d. 35 B.C.E.)
- Mercury
- Merida (Emerita)
- Merobaudes, Flavius (1) (d. 387 C.E.)
- Merobaudes, Flavius (2) (d. after 446 C.E.)
- Mesopotamia
- Messalla Corvinus, Marcus Valerius (64 B.C.E.–8 C.E.)
- Messalla Messallinus, Marcus Valerius (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Messallina, Statilia (fl. first century C.E.)
- Messallina, Valeria (d. 48 C.E.)
- Messana
- Metaurus River, battle of
- Metellus Celer, Quintus Caecilius (d. after 60 B.C.E.)
- Metellus Macedonicus, Quintus (d. 115 B.C.E.)
- Metellus Numidicus, Quintus Caecilius
- Metellus Scipio, Quintus Caecilius (d. 46 B.C.E.)
- Mettius of Alba Longa (fl. seventh century B.C.E.)
- Milan
- Milan, Edict of
- milestones
- Miletus
- Milichus (d. after 65 C.E.)
- Milo, Titus Annius (d. ca. 47 B.C.E.)
- Milvian Bridge
- Minerva
- Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus, Lucius (d. after 439 B.C.E.)
- Misenum
- Misenum, Conference of
- Mithras
- Mithridates (1) (d. 51 C.E.)
- Mithridates (2) (d. 69 C.E.)
- Mithridates III (d. 54 B.C.E.)
- Mithridates VI of Pontus (Mithridates VI Eupator (132–63 B.C.E.)
- Mithridates of Pergamum (d. 41 B.C.E.)
- Mithridatic Wars
- Mnester (d. 48 C.E.)
- Modestus, Domitius (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- Moesia
- Moguntiacum (Mainz)
- Moneta
- Monophysitism (Monophysism)
- Montanism
- Moors
- Mucianus, Gaius Licinius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Mucius Scaevola (sixth century B.C.E.)
- Mummius Achaicus, Lucius (d. after 146 B.C.E.)
- Munda
- municipium
- Murena, Licinius Aulus Terentius Varro (d. 22 B.C.E.)
- Mursa Major
- music
- Musonianus, Strategius (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- mutationes
- Mutina
- Mylae, battle of
- Myonnesus, battle of
- Mysia
- N
- Nabataeans
- Nacolea
- Naevius, Gnaeus (ca. 264–ca. 201 B.C.E.)
- Namatianus, Rutilius Claudius (fl. late fourth and early fifth centuries C.E.)
- Narbo
- Narbonensis
- Narcissus (1) (d. ca. 54 C.E.)
- Narcissus (2) (d. 193 C.E.)
- Narses (Narseh) (d. 302 C.E.)
- Nasamones
- Nasidius, Q. (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Natalis, Antonius (d. after 65 C.E.)
- Naulochus
- navy
- Nedao
- Nemausus
- Nemesianus (Marcus Aurelius Nemesianus Olympius) (fl. late third century C.E.)
- Nemesius (fl. early fifth century C.E.)
- Neoplatonism
- Neo-Pythagoreanism
- Nepos, Cornelius (ca. 100–24 B.C.E.)
- Nepos, Julius (d. 480 C.E.)
- Nepos, Platorius (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Nepotianus, Julius (d. 350 C.E.)
- Neptune
- Nero (Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus) (37–68 C.E.)
- Nero, Gaius Claudius (d. after 200 B.C.E.)
- Nero, Julius Caesar (6–31 C.E.)
- Nero, wives of
- Nerseh (King of Persia)
- Nerva, Marcus Cocceius (30–98 C.E.)
- Nervii
- Nestor, Julianus (d. 218 C.E.)
- Nestorius (d. after 436 C.E.)
- Nevitta, Flavius (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- Nicaea
- Nicaea, battle of
- Nicaea, Council of
- Nice
- Nicene Creed
- Nicolaus of Damascus (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Nicomedia
- Nicopolis
- Nigrinus, Gaius Avidius (d. 118 C.E.)
- Nile
- Nile, battle of the
- Nisibis
- Nobilior, Marcus Fulvius (d. after 179 B.C.E.)
- nobiles
- nobilitas
- nominatio
- Norbanus (d. 96 C.E.?)
- Noricum
- notarii
- Notitia dignitatum
- Novatian (d. ca. 257–258 C.E.)
- novus homo
- Nuceria
- Numa Pompilius (d. 673 B.C.E.)
- numerals, Roman
- numeri
- Numerian (Marcus Aurelius Numerius Numerianus) (d. 284)
- Numerianus (fl. ca. 200 C.E.)
- Numidia
- Numitor (fl. sixth century B.C.E.)
- O
- Octavia (d. 11 B.C.E.)
- Octavia, Claudia (ca. 41–ca. 62 C.E.)
- Octavian
- Octavius, Gaius (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Octavius, Gnaeus (d. 87 B.C.E.)
- Octavius, Marcus (d. after 123 B.C.E.)
- Odaenath (d. 266 C.E.)
- Odoacer (d. 493 C.E.)
- Oea (Tripoli)
- Ogulnius, Quintus Gallus (fl. fourth century B.C.E.)
- Olba
- Olybrius (d. 472 C.E.)
- Olybrius, Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus (fourth century C.E.)
- Olympiodorus of Thebes (d. after 425 C.E.)
- Opimius, Lucius (d. after 116 B.C.E.)
- Oppian (fl. late second century C.E.)
- Oppius, Gaius (fl. mid-first century B.C.E.)
- Ops (goddess of the harvest)
- optimates and populaces
- Orange
- oratory
- Orbiana, Barbia
- Orestes (d. ca. 476 C.E.)
- Orgetorix (fl. first century C.E.)
- Oribasius (ca. 320–400 C.E.)
- Origen (Origenes Adamantius) (ca. 185–254 C.E.)
- ornamenta
- Orodes II (d. 38 B.C.E.)
- Oroses (d. 122 C.E.)
- Orosius, Paulus (fl. fifth century C.E.)
- Osroene
- Ostia
- Ostrogoths
- Otho, Lucius Salvius Titianus (fl. first century C.E.)
- Otho, Marcus Salvius (32–69 C.E.)
- ovatio
- Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso) (43 B.C.E.–17/18 C.E.)
- P
- Pacatianus, Titus Claudius Marinus (d. ca. 249 C.E.)
- Pacatus, Latinus Drepanius (fl. late fourth century)
- Pachomius (d. 346 C.E.)
- Pacorus (d. 38 B.C.E.)
- Pacorus II (d. 114 C.E.)
- Pacuvius, Marcus (220–130 B.C.E.)
- Paetina, Aelia
- Paetus, Lucius Caesennius (fl. first century C.E.)
- paganism
- Palaemon, Quintus Remmius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Palaestina (Palestine)
- Palatine Hill
- Palatini
- Pales
- Palfurius Sura (fl. late first century C.E.)
- Palladas (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- Palladius (ca. 365–425 C.E.)
- Palladius, Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus (fl. late fourth and perhaps early fifth century C.E.)
- Pallas, Marcus Antonius (d. 62 C.E.)
- Palma Frontonianus, Aulus Cornelius (d. 117 C.E.)
- Palmyra
- Pammachius (d. ca. 409 C.E.)
- Pamphylia
- Pamphylius of Caesarea (d. 309 C.E.)
- Pandateria
- panegyric
- Pannonia
- Pansa Caetronianus, Gaius Vibius (d. 43 B.C.E.)
- Pantaenus (d. ca. 190 C.E.)
- Pantheon
- papacy
- Papak (d. before 208 C.E.) (Pabhagh)
- Paphlagonia
- Papinian (Aemilius Papinianus) (ca. 150–211 C.E.)
- Papirius Cursor, Lucius (d. ca. 309 B.C.E.)
- Paris (fl. mid-first century)
- Parthamasiris of Armenia (fl. second century C.E.)
- Parthamaspates of Parthia (fl. early second century C.E.)
- Parthenius (d. 97 C.E.)
- Parthia
- Patavium
- Paternus, Tarrutenius (late second century C.E.)
- Pater Patriae
- patria potestas
- patriarch
- patricians
- Patricius (d. after 471 C.E.)
- Patrick (Patricius) (fl. early fourth century C.E.)
- Paulina, Domitia (d. before 130 C.E.)
- Paulina, Pompeia (d. after 65 C.E.)
- Paulinus of Nola (Meropius Pontius Paulinus) (ca. 353–431 C.E.)
- Paullus, Lucius Aemilius (1) (d. 216 B.C.E.)
- Paullus, Lucius Aemilius (2) (d. 8 C.E.)
- Paullus Macedonicus, Lucius Aemilius (d. 160 B.C.E.)
- Paul of Samosata (fl. third century C.E.)
- Paul of Tarsus (St. Paul) (d. 65–67 C.E.)
- Paulus (Catena) (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- Paulus, Julius (fl. third century C.E.)
- Pausanias (fl. mid-second century C.E.)
- Pax
- Pedius, Quintus (cf. 43 B.C.E.)
- Pelagia (fl. fifth century C.E.)
- Pelagianism
- Pelagius
- Penates
- Peraea
- peregrini
- Perennis, Sextus Tigidius (fl. late second century C.E.)
- Pergamum
- periploi
- Persia
- Persius Flaccus, Aulus (34–62 C.E.)
- personal appearance
- Pertinax, Publius Helvius (1) (126–193 C.E.)
- Pertinax, Publius Helvius (2) (d. ca. 211 C.E.)
- Perusine War
- Pescennius Niger (Gaius Pescennius Niger Justus) (ca. 135–193 C.E.)
- Peter (St. Peter) (d. 64 C.E.?)
- Peter of Alexandria (d. 311 C.E.)
- Petra
- Petreius, Marcus (d. 46 B.C.E.)
- Petronius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Petronius Arbiter
- Petronius Maximus (396–455 C.E.)
- Petronius Turpilianus, Publius (1) (fl. first century C.E.)
- Petronius Turpilianus, Publius (2) (d. ca. 68 C.E.)
- Peutinger Table
- Phaedrus (fl. first century C.E.)
- Phaon (fl. first century C.E.)
- Pharasmanes (first century C.E.)
- Pharisees
- Pharnaces (d. 47 B.C.E.)
- Pharsalus, battle of
- Phasael (d. 40 B.C.E.)
- Philae
- Philip I (d. 249 C.E.)
- Philip II (d. 249 C.E.)
- Philip V of Macedon (238–179 B.C.E.)
- Philip the Tetrarch (d. 34 C.E.)
- Philippi
- Philippus, Flavius (d. 351 C.E.)
- Philippus, Lucius Marcius (1) (d. ca. 73 B.C.E.)
- Philippus, Lucius Marcius (2) (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Philo (Philo Judaeus [the Jew]) (ca. 30 B.C.E.–50 C.E.)
- Philopater I (first century B.C.E.)
- philosophy
- Philostorgius (ca. 368–439 C.E.)
- Philostratus, Flavius (fl. early third century C.E.)
- phoenix
- Phraataces (d. 4 C.E.)
- Phraates III (d. 57 B.C.E.)
- Phraates IV (d. 2 B.C.E.)
- Phrygia
- Piazza Armerina
- Picenum
- Picts
- Pincian Hills
- piracy
- Pisidia
- Piso, Gaius Calpurnius (d. 65 C.E.)
- Piso, Gnaeus Calpurnius (d. 20 C.E.)
- Piso, Lucius Calpurnius (1) (fl. mid-first century B.C.E.)
- Piso, Lucius Calpurnius (2) (d. 32 C.E.)
- Piso Frugi, Lucius Calpurnius (d. after 133 B.C.E.)
- Piso Frugi, Marcus Pupius (ca. 115–ca. 61 B.C.E.)
- Piso Licinianus (d. 69 C.E.)
- Pisonian conspiracy
- Placentia
- Placidia, Galla (d. 450 C.E.)
- Plancina, Munatia (d. 33 C.E.)
- Plancus, Lucius Munatius (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Platonism
- Plautianus, Gaius Fulvius (d. 205 C.E.)
- Plautilla (d. 211 C.E.)
- Plautius, Aulus (fl. first century C.E.)
- Plautius Lateranus (d. 65 C.E.)
- Plautius Silvanus, Marcus (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Plautius Silvanus Aelianus, Tiberius (d. 62 C.E.)
- Plautus (Titus Maccius Plautus) (ca. 254–184 B.C.E.)
- plebeians
- Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus) (ca. 23–79 C.E.)
- Pliny the Younger (Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus) (ca. 61–122 C.E.)
- Plotina, Pompeia (d. 121/122 C.E.)
- Plotinus (205–270 C.E.)
- Plutarch (Lucius [?] Mestrius Plutarchus) (before 50–after 120 C.E.)
- Pluton
- poetry
- Polemo, Marcus Antonius (ca. 88–145 C.E.)
- Polemo I (d. 8 B.C.E.)
- Polemo II (fl. first century C.E.)
- Pollentia
- Pollio, Gaius Asinius (ca. 76 B.C.E.–5 C.E.)
- Pollio, Publius Vedius (d. 15 B.C.E.)
- Pollio, Rufrius (d. ca. 47 C.E.)
- Polybius (1) (ca. 203–ca. 118 B.C.E.)
- Polybius (2) (d. 47 or 48 C.E.)
- Polycarp (ca. 69–115/6 or 167/8 C.E.)
- Polycleitus (fl. first century C.E.)
- pomerium
- Pomona
- Pompeia (1) (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Pompeia (2) (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Pompeianus, Ruricius (d. 312 C.E.)
- Pompeianus, Tiberius Claudius (fl. second century C.E.)
- Pompeii
- Pompeius, Quintus Aulus (d. after 131 B.C.E.)
- Pompeius Rufus, Quintus (d. 87 B.C.E.)
- Pompeius Strabo (d. 87 B.C.E.)
- Pompey, Gnaeus (d. 45 B.C.E.)
- Pompey, Sextus (d. 36/5 B.C.E.)
- Pompey the Great (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus) (106–48 B.C.E.)
- Pomponius, Sextus (fl. second century C.E.)
- Pomponius Proculus, Titus (d. after 176 C.E.)
- Pomponius Secundus, Publius (fl. first century C.E.)
- pontifex maximus
- pontifices
- Pontius, Gavius (fl. late third century B.C.E.)
- Pontius Pilate (d. after 37 C.E.)
- Pontus
- Popillius Laenas, Publius (d. after 132 B.C.E.)
- Poppaea, Sabina (d. 65 C.E.)
- Poppaedius Silo, Q. (d. 88 B.C.E.)
- Populares
- Porcia (d. 43 B.C.E.)
- Porcius Cato, Marcus
- Porcius Latro, Marcus (d. 4 C.E.)
- Porfyrius, Publilius Optatianus (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- Porphyry (233–ca. 305 C.E.)
- portorium
- Portunus
- postal service
- Postumius Albinus, Spurius (fl. late second century B.C.E.)
- Postumus, Marcus Cassianus Latinius (d. 268 C.E.)
- Potamon of Alexandria (fl. late first century B.C.E.)
- Pothinus (d. 48 B.C.E.)
- praepositus sacri cubiculi
- Praetextatus, Vettius Agorius (ca. 310–384 C.E.)
- praetor
- Praetorian Guard
- Prasutagus (d. 61 C.E.)
- prefect of the city
- prefect of the grain
- prefect of the Praetorian Guard
- prefect of the watch
- Priapus
- priesthood
- Primus, Marcus Antonius (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- princeps
- princeps iuventutis
- Priscillian (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- Priscus (1) (fl. late second century C.E.)
- Priscus (2) (ca. 305–396 C.E.)
- Priscus (3) (fl. fifth century C.E.)
- Priscus, Clutorius (C. Lutorius Priscus) (d. 21 C.E.)
- Priscus, Gaius Julius (fl. mid-second century C.E.)
- Priscus, Lucius Neratius (fl. early second century C.E.)
- Priscus, Statius (d. after 163 C.E.)
- Probus, Marcus Aurelius (ca. 232–282 C.E.)
- Probus, Marcus Valerius (fl. late first century C.E.)
- Probus, Petronius (d. 388 C.E.)
- Proclus (ca. 412–485 C.E.)
- proconsul
- Procopius (326–366 C.E.)
- Proculeans
- Proculus (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Proculus, Volusius (fl. first century C.E.)
- procurator
- Prohaeresius (d. 367 C.E.)
- Propertius, Sextus (d. 15 B.C.E.)
- propraetor
- proscription
- Prosper (Prosper of Aquitaine) (fl. fifth century C.E.)
- protectores
- provinces of the Roman Empire
- provocatio
- Prudentius (Aurelius Prudentius Clemens) (ca. 348–410 C.E.)
- Ptolemais
- Ptolemy (d. 40 C.E.)
- Ptolemy, Claudius (f. second century C.E.)
- Ptolemy XII Auletes (d. 51 B.C.E.)
- Ptolemy XIII (d. 47 B.C.E.)
- Ptolemy XIV (d. 43 B.C.E.)
- publicani
- Publilius Philo, Quintus (fl. fourth century B.C.E.)
- Pulcheria, Aelia (399–453 C.E.)
- Pulchra, Claudia (d. 26 C.E.)
- Punic Wars
- Pupienus (d. 238 C.E.)
- Puteoli
- Pydna, battle of
- Pylades (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Pyrrhus of Epirus (319–272 B.C.E.)
- Q
- Quadi
- Quadratus, Asinius (fl. early third century C.E.)
- quaestiones
- quaestor
- quaestor sacri palati
- Quietus, Lusius (d. 117 C.E.)
- Quietus, Titus Fulvius Junius (d. 261 C.E.)
- Quinctius Capitolinus Cincinnatus, Lucius
- Quinctius Flaminius, Titus
- quindecimviri sacris faciundis
- Quintilian (Marcus Fabius Quintilianus) (ca. 34– 100 C.E.)
- Quintilii brothers
- Quintillus, Marcus Aurelius Claudius (d. 270 C.E.)
- Quintus of Smyrna (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- Quintus Sertorius
- quirinal hill
- Quirinius, Publius Sulpicius (d. 21 C.E.)
- Quirinus
- Quodvultdeus (d. 453 C.E.)
- R
- Radagaisus (d. 406 C.E.)
- Radamistus of Iberia (d. 58 C.E.)
- Raetia
- Rape of Lucretia
- Rape of the Sabine Women
- rationalis
- rationibus, a
- Raurici
- Ravenna
- rebus, agentes in
- rebus bellicis, De (On matters of wars)
- Red Sea
- Regalianus (Regillianus) (fl. third century C.E.)
- Regulus, Marcus Atilius
- Regulus, Publius Memmius (fl. first century C.E.)
- religion and cosmology
- Remigius (Remi) (ca. 438–533)
- Remistus (fifth century C.E.)
- Remus
- Repentinus, Fabius Cornelius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Res gestae divi Augusti
- res privata
- res repetundae
- rex
- rex sacrorum
- Rhea Sylvia (eighth century B.C.E.)
- Rheims
- Rhemi
- Rhescuporis of Thrace (Rhascyporis) (d. ca. 19 C.E.)
- rhetoric
- Rhine
- Rhodes
- Rhoemetalces I (d. 12 C.E.)
- Ricimer, Flavius (d. 472 C.E.)
- Ricomer (d. 393 C.E.)
- roads
- Robigus
- Roles
- Roma
- Roman Empire, division of the
- Roman Empire, fall of the
- Roman Empire, start of the
- Romanus (fl. late fourth century C.E.)
- Rome
- Romulus and Remus
- Romulus Augustulus (fl. late fifth century C.E.)
- Roxolani
- Rubellius Plautus (d. 62 C.E.)
- Rubicon
- Rufina, Pomponia
- Rufinus, Flavius (d. 395 C.E.)
- Rufinus of Aquileia, Tyrannius (ca. 345–410 C.E.)
- Rufus, Cluvius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Rufus, C. Valgius (fl. late first century B.C.E.)
- Rufus, Faenius (d. 65 C.E.)
- Rufus, Gaius Musonius (ca. 30–101 C.E.)
- Rufus, Quintus Curtius (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Rufus, Verginius
- Rugila (d. 433 C.E.)
- Rupilius, Publius (d. 123 B.C.E.)
- Rusticus, Junius (fl. mid-second century C.E.)
- Rutilius Rufus, Publius (ca. 158–ca. 78 B.C.E.)
- S
- Sabelli
- Sabellianism
- Sabina, Vibia (d. after 128 C.E.)
- Sabines
- Sabine Women, Rape of the
- Sabinians
- Sabinus, Caelius (fl. late first century C.E.)
- Sabinus, Cornelius (d. ca. 41 C.E.)
- Sabinus, Flavius (d. 69 C.E.)
- Sabinus, Masurius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Sabinus, Nymphidius (d. 69 C.E.)
- Sabinus, Poppaeus (d. 35 C.E.)
- Sabinus, Publius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Sabis
- Sabratha
- sacramentum
- Sacred Way
- Sacrovir, Julius (d. 21 C.E.)
- Sadducees
- Saguntum
- Salarian Way
- Salii
- Salinator, Gnaeus Pedanius Fuscus (d. 136 C.E.)
- Sallust (Gaius Sallustius Crispus) (ca. 86–35/4 B.C.E.)
- Sallustius Crispus, Gaius (d. 20 C.E.)
- Sallustius Passienus Crispus, Gaius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Salona
- Salonina (Cornelia Salonina Chrysogone) (d. 268 C.E.)
- Saloninus (Publius Licinius Cornelius Saloninus Valerianus) (d. 260 C.E.)
- Salutatio
- Salvianus (Salvianus of Massilia or Marseilles) (fl. fifth century C.E.)
- Samaria
- Samnites
- Samnite Wars
- Samos
- Santones
- Saracens
- Sardinia
- Sardis
- Sarmatians
- Sarmizegethusa
- Sassanid dynasty
- satire
- Saturnalia
- Saturninus, Aponius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Saturninus, Gnaeus Sentius (d. after 41 C.E.)
- Saturninus, Julius (d. ca. 278 C.E.)
- Saturninus, Lucius Antoninus (d. 89 C.E.)
- Saturninus Dogmatius, Gaius Caelius (fl. early fourth century C.E.)
- Saturninus Secundus, Salutius (d. after 367 C.E.)
- Saturnus
- Saxons
- Scapula, Publius Ostorius (d. 52 C.E.)
- Scapula, Q. Ostorius (fl. late first century B.C.E.)
- Scaurus, Mamercus Aemilius (d. 34 C.E.)
- Scaurus, Q. Terentius (fl. second century C.E.)
- Scholae Palatinae
- science and technology
- Scipio, Metellus (d. 46 B.C.E.)
- Scipio, Publius Cornelius (d. 211 B.C.E.)
- Scipio Aemilianus Africanus Numantinus, Publius Cornelius (Scipio Africanus the Younger) (185– 129 B.C.E.)
- Scipio Africanus Major, Publius Cornelius (236– 183 B.C.E.)
- Scipio Asiaticus, Lucius (d. after 183 B.C.E.)
- Scipio Asina, Gnaeus Cornelius (d. after 254 B.C.E.)
- Scipio Barbatus, Lucius (d. 280 B.C.E.)
- Scipio Calvus, Gnaeus Cornelius (d. 211 B.C.E.)
- Scipio Nasica, Publius Cornelius (b. 227–d. after 171 B.C.E.)
- Scipio Nasica Corculum, Publius (d. 141 B.C.E.)
- Scipio Nasica Serapio, Publius Cornelius (ca. 183– 132 B.C.E.)
- Scribonia (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Scribonii brothers (r. 54–68 C.E.)
- scrinii
- Scriptores historiae Augustae
- scutarii
- Scythia
- Sebastianus (d. 378 C.E.)
- Secundus, Pedanius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Secundus, Petronius (d. 98 C.E.)
- Segovia
- Seine
- Sejanus, Lucius Aelius (ca. 20 B.C.E.–31 C.E.)
- Seleucia
- Sempronius Gracchus, Tiberius
- Senaculum
- Senate
- senatus consultum
- senatus consultum ultimum
- Seneca (Lucius Annaeus Seneca) (ca. 5–65 C.E.)
- Seneca the Elder (Lucius Annaeus Seneca) (ca. 55 B.C.E.–41 C.E.)
- Senecio, Claudius (d. 65 C.E.)
- Sentinum, battle of
- Sentius, Gnaeus (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Septemviri
- Sequani
- Serapis
- Serena (d. 408 C.E.)
- Sertorius, Quintus (ca. 123–72 B.C.E.)
- Servianus, Julius (Lucius Julius Ursus Servianus) (d. 136 C.E.)
- Servilius Caepio, Quintus, the Elder (d. after 103 B.C.E.)
- Servius (fl. early fifth century C.E.)
- Servius Tullius (fl. mid-sixth century B.C.E.)
- sestertius (pl. sestertii; also sesterce [pl. sesterces])
- Severa, Aquilia
- Severa, Aurelia
- Severus
- Severus I
- Severus II (Flavius Valerius Severus) (d. 307 C.E.)
- Severus, Lucius Catilius (fl. second century C.E.)
- Severus, Septimius (Lucius Septimus Severus) (145–211 C.E.)
- Severus, Sextus Julius (fl. ca. second century C.E.)
- Severus, Sulpicius (ca. 363–420 C.E.)
- Severus Alexander, Marcus Aurelius (Marcus Julius Gessius Alexianus Bassianus) (208–235 C.E.)
- Sextus Caesar (d. 46 C.E.)
- Shapur I (d. 272 C.E.)
- Shapur II (d. 379 C.E.)
- Shapur III (d. 388 C.E.)
- ships
- sibyl
- Sibylline Books
- Sicilia (Sicily)
- Sidonius Apollinaris (Gaius Sollius Apollinaris Sidonius) (ca. 430–479 C.E.)
- Silana, Junia (d. after 59 C.E.)
- Silanus, Lucius Junius (d. 49 C.E.)
- Silius, Gaius (1) (d. 24 C.E.)
- Silius, Gaius (2) (d. 48 C.E.)
- Silius Italicus, Tiberius Catius Asconius (ca. 26– 101 C.E.)
- Silk Route
- Silva, Flavius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Silvanus (fl. mid-fourth century C.E.)
- Similis, S. Sulpicius (d. ca. 124 C.E.)
- Sinope
- Sirmium
- 69 C.E.
- slavery
- Smyrna
- social classes
- Social War
- socii
- Socrates (ca. 380–450 C.E.)
- solidus
- Solinus, Gaius Julius (fl. early third century C.E.)
- Sol Invictus
- soothsayers
- Sopater (early fourth century C.E.)
- sophistry
- Soranus (fl. second century C.E.)
- Soranus, Barea (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Sororia
- Sosius, Gaius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Sozomen, Salmaninius Hermias (fl. early fifth century C.E.)
- Spain
- Sparta
- Speculatores
- Spelunca
- Split
- S.P.Q.R.
- Spurinna (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Stabiae
- Statius, Publius Papinius (ca. 40 or 45–95 or 96 C.E.)
- Statius Annaeus (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Stephanus (Pope Stephen I) (d. 258 C.E.)
- Stilicho, Flavius (d. 408 C.E.)
- Stoicism
- Stolo, Gaius Licinius (fl. mid-fourth century B.C.E.)
- Strabo (fl. late first century B.C.E.)
- Strabo, Lucius Seius (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Struggle of the Orders
- Styx
- Subura (Suburra)
- Suebi
- Suessiones
- Suetonius (Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus) (69 or 70–after 103 C.E.)
- Suetonius Paulinus, Gaius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Suillius Rufus, Publius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Sulla, Lucius Cornelius (ca. 138 B.C.E.–78 B.C.E.)
- Sulla, Publius Cornelius (d. 46 B.C.E.)
- Sulpicia (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Sulpicianus, Titus Flavius (d. 197 C.E.)
- Sulpicius Galba, Servius (fl. mid-second century B.C.E.)
- Sura, Lucius Licinius (d. ca. 110 C.E.)
- Surenas (d. 55 B.C.E.)
- Symmachus, Quintus Aurelius (d. ca. 402 C.E.)
- Synesius of Cyrene (ca. 370–413/414 C.E.)
- Syphax of Numidia (d. after 203 B.C.E.)
- Syracuse
- Syria
- Syrus, Publilius (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- T
- tabellarii
- Tacfarinas (d. 24 C.E.)
- Tacitus (1), Publius Cornelius (ca. 55–120? C.E.)
- Tacitus (2), Marcus Claudius (d. 276 C.E.)
- Tanaquil (sixth century B.C.E.)
- Tapae
- Tarentum
- Tarentum, Treaty of
- Tarquin the Elder
- Tarquin the Proud
- Tarquinius Collatinus, Lucius
- Tarquinius Priscus (fl. 6th ca. B.C.E.)
- Tarquinius Superbus (fl. sixth century B.C.E.)
- Tarsus
- Tatian (second century C.E.)
- Tatianus, Flavius Eutolmius (fl. late fourth century C.E.)
- Tatius, Titus (d. 748 B.C.E.)
- Taurus, Titus Statilius (fl. late first century B.C.E.)
- taxation
- Temple of Apollo
- Temple of Castor and Pollux
- Temple of Concord
- Temple of Divus Augustus
- Temple of Divus Claudius
- Temple of Divus Julius
- Temple of Isis
- Temple of Jerusalem, Great
- Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus
- Temple of Mars Ultor
- Temple of Peace
- Temple of Saturn
- Temple of Vesta
- Temples of Minerva
- Tenth Legion
- Terence (P. Terentius Afer) (ca. 190–158 B.C.E.)
- Terentia (fl. late first century B.C.E.)
- Terentius, Marcus (fl. first century C.E.)
- Tertullian (Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullian) (ca. 160–ca. 222)
- tessera
- tetrarchy
- Tetricus, Gaius Pius Esuvius (fl. third century C.E.)
- Teutoburg Forest
- Teutones
- Thamugadi (Timgad)
- Thapsus
- theater
- theaters and amphitheaters
- Themistius (ca. 317–388 or 389 C.E.)
- Theodora (fl. late third century C.E.)
- Theodore of Mopsuestia (ca. 350–428)
- Theodoret (ca. 393–466 C.E.)
- Theodorus, Flavius Mallius (fl. late fourth century C.E.)
- Theodosius I (d. 395 C.E.)
- Theodosius II (401–450 C.E.)
- Theodosius, Flavius (Count Theodosius) (d. 375 C.E.)
- Theon of Smyrna (fl. second century C.E.)
- Theophanes of Mytilene (nicknamed “Gnaeus Pompeius”) (d. after 44 B.C.E.)
- Theophilus (d. ca. 412 C.E.)
- Thermopylae, battle of
- Thessalonica
- Thessaly
- Thirty Tyrants
- Thrace
- Thrasea Paetus, Publius Clodius (d. 66 C.E.)
- Thrasyllus (d. 36 C.E.)
- Thugga (Dougga)
- Thysdrus (El Djem)
- Tiber
- Tiberianus (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- Tiberias
- Tiberius (Tiberius Claudius Nero) (42 B.C.E.–37 C.E.)
- Tiberius Claudius Nero (d. 33 B.C.E.)
- Tiberius Julius Alexander (fl. first century C.E.)
- Tibullus, Albius (ca. 54–19 B.C.E.)
- Tigellinus, Gaius Ofonius (d. 68 C.E.)
- Tigranes I (d. ca. 56 B.C.E.)
- Tigranes II (d. 6 B.C.E.)
- Tigranes III
- Tigranes IV (d. 36 C.E.)
- Tigranes V (fl. first century C.E.)
- Tigranocerta
- Tigris
- time
- Timesitheus, Gaius Furius Sabinus Aquila (d. 243 C.E.)
- Tingis
- Tiridates (fl. first century C.E.)
- Tiridates of Armenia (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Tiridates II (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Tiridates III (d. 318 or 330 C.E.)
- Tiro, Marcus Tullius (fl. mid-first century B.C.E.)
- Titiana, Flavia (fl. late second century C.E.)
- Titius, Marcus (first century B.C.E.)
- Titus (41–81 C.E.)
- Tivoli
- toga
- Tome of Leo
- Torquatus, Titus Manlius (fl. late third century B.C.E.)
- Torquatus, Titus Manlius Imperiosus (fl. mid-fourth century B.C.E.)
- Trachalus, P. Galerius (fl. first century C.E.)
- trade and exchange
- Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Traianus) (ca. 53–117 C.E.)
- Trajan's Market
- Tranquillina, Furia Sabina (fl. third century C.E.)
- transportation
- Trapezus
- treason
- Trebellenus, Rufus (d. 21 C.E.)
- Trebia, battle of
- Trebonianus Gallus, Gaius Vibius (ca. 206–253 C.E.)
- Trebonius, Gaius (d. 43 B.C.E.)
- Treveri
- tribune
- tribunicia potestas
- Tributal Assembly
- tributum
- Trier (Augusta Treverorum)
- Trio, Fulcinius (d. 35 C.E.)
- Tripoli
- Tripolitania
- triumph
- Triumvirate, First
- Triumvirate, Second
- Trogus, Pompeius (fl. late first century B.C.E.)
- Troyes
- Tubero, Lucius Aelius (fl. mid-first century B.C.E.)
- Tubero, Quintus Aelius (fl. late first century B.C.E.)
- Tullia (fl. sixth century B.C.E.)
- Tullia Ciceronis (79–45 B.C.E.)
- Tullianum, dungeons of
- Tullus Hostillius (seventh century B.C.E.)
- Turbo, Quintus Marcius (fl. 117–138 C.E.)
- Turin
- Turranius, Gaius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Turrullius, Publius (fl. late first century B.C.E.)
- Twelve Tables
- Tyre
- Tyrrhenian Sea
- U
- Ubii
- Uldin (d. ca. 412 C.E.)
- Ulfila (Ulphila; Ulphilas) (ca. 311–383 C.E.)
- Ulpian (Domitius Ulpianus) (d. 228 C.E.)
- Ulpia Traiana
- ultor
- Umbria
- Ummidius Quadratus (Gaius Ummidius Durmius Quadratus) (d. 60 C.E.)
- urban cohorts (cohortes urbanas)
- Urbicus, Lollius (d. after 139 C.E.)
- Urgulanilla, Plautia
- ursacinus
- Ursicinus (fl. mid-fourth century C.E.)
- Usipetes
- Utica
- V
- Vaballath (Lucius Julius Aurelius Septimius Vaballathus Athenodorus) (fl. mid-third century C.E.)
- Vadomar (mid-fourth century C.E.)
- Valarshapat
- Valens (d. 350 C.E.)
- Valens, Fabius (d. 69 C.E.)
- Valens, Flavius Julius (ca. 328–378 C.E.)
- Valentinian I (321–375 C.E.)
- Valentinian II (371–392 C.E.)
- Valentinian III (ca. 419–455 C.E.)
- Valentinus (fl. second century C.E.)
- Valeria (fl. mid-first century B.C.E.)
- Valeria, Galeria (d. 315 C.E.)
- Valerian (Publius Licinius Valerianus) (d. 260 C.E.)
- Valerius Antias (fl. early first century B.C.E.)
- Valerius Asiaticus, Decimus (d. 47 C.E.)
- Valerius Flaccus Lucius
- Valerius Maximus (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Valerius Maximus Corvinus Messalla, Manius (fl. mid-third century B.C.E.)
- Valerius Maximus Corvus
- Valerius Poplicola, Publius (d. 503 B.C.E.)
- Valerius Potitus, Lucius (fl. fifth century B.C.E.)
- Vandals
- Varahran I (d. 276 C.E.)
- Varahran II (d. 293 C.E.)
- Varahran III (d. ca. 293 C.E.)
- Varahran V (fl. early fifth century C.E.)
- Vardanes (d. 45 or 47 C.E.)
- Varius Rufus, Lucius (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Varro, Marcus Terentius (116–27 B.C.E.)
- Varus, Alfenus (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Varus, Arrius (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Varus, Publius Quinctilius (d. 9 C.E.)
- Vasio
- Vatican Hill
- Vatinius (fl. mid-first century C.E.)
- Vatinius, Publius (fl. first century B.C.E.)
- Vegetius Renatus, Flavius (fl. later fourth century C.E.)
- Veiento, Fabricius (Aulus Didius Gallus Fabricius Veiento) (fl. first century C.E.)
- Veii
- Velleius Paterculus, Gaius (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Veneti
- Venetia
- Ventidius, Publius (d. ca. 38 B.C.E.)
- Venus
- Veranus, Quintus (fl. first century C.E.)
- Vercingetorix (d. 46 B.C.E.)
- Verginius Rufus, Lucius (d. 97 C.E.)
- Verina, Aelia (d. 484 C.E.)
- Verona
- Verres, Gaius (ca. 115–43 B.C.E.)
- Vertumnus
- Verulamium
- Verus, Lucius (Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus) (130–169 C.E.)
- Verus, M. Annius (d. after 126 C.E.)
- Verus, P. Martius (second century C.E.)
- Vespasian (Titus Flavius Vespasianus) (9–79 C.E.)
- Vesta
- Vestal Virgins
- Vesuvius
- Vetranio (d. 356 C.E.)
- Vetus, Lucius Antistius (fl. 55 C.E.)
- vexillarii
- vexillationes
- viae
- viatores
- Vibius Marsus, Gaius (fl. 17 C.E.)
- Vibius Maximus, Gaius (fl. later first century C.E.)
- vicarii
- vicarius
- Victor (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- Victorinus, Furius (d. 168 C.E.)
- Victorinus, Gaius Marius (fl. fourth century C.E.)
- Victorinus, Marcus Piavonius (fl. mid-third century C.E.)
- Victory
- Vienna
- vigiles
- villa
- Villa Jovis
- Vinalia
- Vindex, Gaius Julius (d. 68 C.E.)
- Vindobona
- Vingeanne
- Vinicianus, Annius (fl. first century C.E.)
- Vinicius, Marcus (1) (fl. later first century B.C.E.)
- Vinicius, Marcus (2) (d. 45 C.E.)
- Vinius, Titus (d. 69 C.E.)
- Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro) (70–19 B.C.E.)
- Virunum
- Visigoths
- Vitalianus, P. Aelius (d. 238 C.E.)
- Vitellius, Aulus (15–69 C.E.)
- Vitellius, Lucius (1) (fl. first century C.E.)
- Vitellius, Lucius (2) (fl. first century C.E.)
- Vitellius, Publius (d. 31 C.E.)
- Vitruvius Pollio (fl. early first century C.E.)
- Vologases I (d. 80 C.E.)
- Vologases II (d. 147 C.E.)
- Vologases III (d. 192 C.E.)
- Vologases IV (d. 207 C.E.)
- Vologases V (d. after 224 C.E.)
- Volscians
- Volusianus, Gaius Vibius Afinius Gallus Veldumnianus (d. 253 C.E.)
- Vonones I (d. 18 C.E.)
- Vonones II (d. 51 C.E.)
- votive coins
- Vulcan
- W
- Wallia (d. 418 C.E.)
- Wall of Antoninus
- Wall of Aurelian
- Wall of Hadrian
- warfare
- weights and measures
- women
- Worms
- writing instruments and materials
- X
- Xanthus
- Xenophon (fl. first century C.E.)
- Y
- Yazdagird I (d. 420 C.E.)
- Yazdagird II (d. 457 C.E.)
- Z
- Zabdas, Septimius (fl. mid-third century C.E.)
- Zama, battle of
- Zealots
- Zela
- Zeno (d. 34 C.E.)
- Zeno (Tarasicodissa) (d. 491 C.E.)
- Zenobia (d. after 272 C.E.)
- Zenonis (fl. fifth century C.E.)
- Zeus
- Zosimus (d. 418 C.E.)
- Zstommas, Chrysaphius (d. 450 C.E.)
- Appendix I: How to Study Ancient Rome
- Appendix II: The Kings of Rome (753–509 B.C.E.) and Emperors of the Roman Empire (27 B.C.E.–476 C.E.)
- Appendix III: Genealogies
- Glossary
- Select Bibliography