Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Revised Edition provides students, researchers, journalists, and policymakers with a complete survey of what seems to be an ongoing problem. Entries offer comprehensive coverage of the events, people, organizations, and places that have played a major role in international terrorism.

Table of Contents

• INTRODUCTION TO THE REVISED EDITION
• Contributing Authors
• A
• Abu Abbas
• Abu Nidal
• Abu Nidal Organization (ANO; Fatah Revolutionary Council, Arab Revolutionary Brigades, Black September, and Revolutionary Organization of Socialist Muslims)
• Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)
• Aceh Merdeka
• Achille Lauro, hijacking of
• Action Direct (AD)
• Adams, Gerry
• aerial hijacking
• Afghanistan, U.S. bombing in
• Ahl-e Hadees
• airport security
• Alex Boncayao Brigade (ABB)
• Allied Democratic Forces (a.k.a. National Army for the Liberation of Uganda [NALU])
• American Front
• Amin, Idi (in full, Idi Amin Dada Oumee) (1924/25-2003)
• Amir, Yigal (1972-)
• Amn Araissi
• amplification effect, of the media
• anarchists
• ancient terrorism
• Andrés Castro United Front (Frente Unido Andrés Castro or FUAC)
• Animal Liberation Front (ALF)
• Ansar al-Islam (a.k.a. Partisans of Islam, Helpers of Islam, Supporters of Islam)
• anthrax, as a biological weapon
• anthrax, attack in the United States
• antiabortion clinic attacks
• Anti-Imperialist International Brigade
• Anti-Imperialist Territorial Nuclei (NTA)
• April 19 Movement (M-19)
• al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigade
• Arab Revolutionary Brigades
• Arafat, Yasir (Yasser Arafat) (1929-2004)
• Argentina, state terrorism in
• Arizona Patriots
• Armed Islamic Group (GIA)
• armed militias in the United States
• Armed Revolutionary Nuclei (ARN; a.k.a. Ordine Nuovo [New Order])
• armed right-wing groups in the United States
• Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA; Orly Group, 3rd October Organization)
• Army for the Liberation of Rwanda (ALIR; a.k.a. Interahamwe, Former Armed Forces [ex-FAR])
• Army of God
• Aryan Nations
• Aryan Republican Army
• al-Asad, Hafiz (1930-2000)
• Asbat al-Ansar
• attack on America: September 11, 2001
• Aum Shinrikyo (Supreme Truth)
• Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC)
• auto-genocide
• B
• Baader-Meinhof gang
• Babbar Khalsa International (a.k.a., International Sikh Youth Federation, Dal Khalsa, Bhinderanwala Tiger Force, Saheed Khalsa Force, Khalistan Liberation Tiger Force, Khalistan Commando Force, Khalistan Liberation Front, Khalistan National Army)
• al-Badr Mujahideen
• Bakunin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich (1814-1876)
• al-Banna, Sabri (Abu Nidal) (1937-2002)
• Basque Fatherland and Liberty (Euzkadi ta Askatasuma [ETA], Basque Homeland and Freedom)
• Begin, Menachem (1913-1992)
• Beria, Lavrenti Pavlovich (1899-1953)
• Beslan school hostage crisis
• bin Laden, Osama bin Mohammad (1957-)
• biological agents
• Black Hand
• Black September
• Bombay, India, train bombings
• bonuses, for terrorist success/injury
• Bosnia, genocide in
• Brotherhood of Assassins
• C
• Cambodia, state terrorism in
• Canada and the FLQ
• Carlos “the Jackal”
• censorship, of media concerning terrorist incidents
• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
• Chechnya
• chemical weapons
• Chile, state terrorism in
• Christian Identity Movement
• Christian militia movements in the United States
• Christian Patriotism
• coerced conversion
• Colombia, narco-terrorism and
• Comitatus
• complicity, between media and terrorists
• computers
• Continuity Irish Republican Army
• conventions on aerial hijacking
• Covenant, Sword, and Arm of the Lord (CSA)
• criminals, crusaders, and crazies, as terrorist types
• Cuba
• cultural terrorism
• cyberterrorism
• cyclical nature of terrorism
• D
• Darfur
• Dayak
• Dayr Yassin massacre (April 9, 1948)
• Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP)
• Democratic Front for the Liberation of Rwanda (FLDR)
• demography
• De Regis Institutions
• Devrimci Sol (Revolutionary Left; Dev Sol, Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front [DHKP/C])
• diplomatic personnel and heads of state, as targets of terrorism
• disinhibition hypothesis
• drugs and terrorism
• dynastic assassination
• E
• Earth Liberation Front (ELF)
• Eastern Shan State Army (ESSA)
• Egypt, extremist attacks
• Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ; a.k.a. al-Jihad, Islamic Jihad, Jihad Group, Vanguards of Conquest, Talaa’ al-Fateh)
• Elizabethan Sea Dogs, as terrorists
• Entebbe, rescue operation
• environmental groups, terrorism and
• Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement (a.k.a. Islamic Salvation Movement, Harakat al-Jihad al-Islami)
• ethnic cleansing
• Euzkadi ta Askatasuma (ETA)
• Exercise ELIGIBLE RECEIVER
• explosives, taggants for
• Extraditables, The
• Extradition, European Convention on
• F
• Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (a.k.a Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional [FMLN])
• FARC
• al-Fatah
• fedayeen
• Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
• female genital mutilation (FGM)
• 15 May Organization
• Fighting Communist Cells
• First of October Antifascist Resistance Group (GRAPO)
• Force 17
• France, reign of terror in
• Franz Ferdinand, Archduke, assassination of
• Free Aceh Movement (Gerakin Aceh Merdeka, or GAM)
• freedom of press
• freedom of speech
• Free Papua Movement (a.k.a. Organisasi Papua Merdeka [OPM])
• Front du Libération du Québec (FLQ)
• Front for the Liberation of the Cabinda Enclave (FLEC)
• Fujimori, Alberto
• G
• al-Gama'at al-Islamiyya (a.k.a. al-Gama'a alIslamiyya [GAI], Islamic Group [IG])
• Gandhi, Rajiv (1944-1991)
• general threat indicators
• generational differences among terrorists
• Geneva Convention on Treatment of Civilians during Times of War
• genocide
• Germany
• globalization
• goals of government, concerning media in terrorist event
• goals of media, in terrorist event
• goals of terrorists, concerning media
• Goldstein, Baruch (1958-1994)
• Gray Wolves (Sivi Vukovi)
• Grey Wolves
• Great Eastern Islamic Raiders Front (IBDA-C)
• group dynamics, impact on terrorist of
• GSG-9 (Grenzschutzgruppe 9)
• Guatemala
• guerrilla warfare
• Guzmán, Abimael
• H
• Habbash, George
• Haganah
• Haiti
• Hamas
• Harakat al-Shuhada'a al-Islamiyah (a.k.a. Islamic Martyrs’ Movement)
• Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami/Bangladesh (HUJI-B)
• Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HUM)
• al-Hasan, ibn Sabbah (d. A.D. 1124)
• Hawari Group (a.k.a. Fatah Special Operations Group, Martyrs of Tal Al Za'atar, Amn Araissi, Force 17)
• heads of state, international law for the protection of
• Hiroshima and Nagasaki, bombing of
• Hisba
• Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945)
• Hizballah (Hezbollah) (a.k.a. Islamic Jihad, Islamic Jihad for the Liberation of Palestine, Organization of the Oppressed on Earth, Revolutionary Justice Organization, Party of God, Lebanese Hizballah)
• Hizb-I Islami Gulbuddin (HIG)
• Hizb ul-Mujahidin (HM)
• Holocaust denial
• Homeland Security, Department of
• humiliation
• Hur Brotherhood
• Hussein, Saddam (1937-2006)
• I
• ideological mercenaries
• images, held by terrorists
• immigrants and terrorism
• India
• Indonesia
• innocent person, as target under rules of war
• Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO)
• internal terrorism
• International Criminal Court, and crimes of terrorism
• international terrorist congress
• Interpol
• intifadas (Israeli-Palestinian conflict)
• Iran
• Iraq
• Irgun Zvai Leumi
• Irish Northern Aid
• Irish Republican Army (IRA)
• Islamic Army of Aden (IAA; a.k.a. Aden Abyan Islamic Army, Aden Islamic Army)
• Islamic Jihad
• Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU)
• Israel
• Italy, legal initiatives against terrorism in
• al-Ittihaad al-Islami (AIAI)
• J
• Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM; a.k.a. Army of Mohammed)
• Jamaat al-Fuqra (JF)
• Jamiat ul-Mujahedin (JUM)
• Janjaweed
• Japan, attack in Tokyo subway
• Japanese Red Army (JRA; Anti-Imperialist International Brigade [AIIB])
• Jewish Defense League
• jihad
• Jihad Group
• Julius Caesar, assassination of
• K
• Kach/Kahane Chai
• Khaled, Leila (1936-)
• Khmer Rouge (Party of Democratic Kampuchea)
• Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah (1902-1989)
• Kim Jong Il (1 941-)
• King David Hotel, bombing of
• Kommissar, the
• Kongra-Gel
• Ku Klux Klan
• Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK)
• Kurds
• L
• Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LT; a.k.a. Army of the Righteous)
• Lebanon
• Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
• Libya, state-supported terrorism by
• Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG; a.k.a. al-Jama'a al Islamiyyah al-Muqatilah; Fighting Islamic Group; Libyan Fighting Group; Libyan Islamic Group)
• Lockerbie, bombing of Pan Am flight 103
• Lod Airport attack
• London terror attacks, July 7, 2005
• Lord's Resistance Army (LRA)
• Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF)
• M
• Madrid train bombings
• Manson, Charles (1 934-)
• Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front (FPMR)
• Martyrs of Tal al-Za'atar
• media
• Meir, Golda (1898-1978)
• Memorandum of Understanding of Hijacking of Aircraft and Vessels and Other Offenses
• Middle East
• Middle Eastern news outlets
• millennial movements
• Mogadishu, GSG-9 hostage rescue in
• Montana Freemen
• Morazanist Patriotic Front (Frente Patriótico Morazanista [FPM])
• Mossad
• Mujahideen-e-Khalq Organization (MEK or MKO; The National Liberation Army of Iran [NLA, the militant wing of the MEK], the People's Mujahideen of Iran [PMOI], National Council of Resistance [NCR])
• Munich massacre of Israeli athletes
• N
• narco-terrorism
• Narodnaya Volya
• National Army for the Liberation of Uganda
• National Liberation Army (Ejército de Liberación Nacional [ELN])–Colombia
• Naval Special Warfare Development Group
• Nazi Germany, state terrorism in
• neo-Nazis
• networking, of groups
• New People's Army (NPA)
• The 9/11 Commission Report
• NORAID
• Northern Ireland
• Northern Ireland Act (Emergency Provisions)
• novation
• November 17
• nuclear terrorism
• Nuremberg Trials
• O
• Oklahoma City bombing (1995)
• Okrana
• Omega 7
• OPEC, kidnapping in Vienna
• operational security
• Operation Chavín de Huántar
• Operation Dark Winter
• Operation Eagle's Claw
• Operation Enduring Freedom
• Operation Infinite Reach
• Operation Nimrod
• Orange Volunteers (OV)
• Orly Group
• Oslo Accords
• Ottawa Ministerial Declaration on Countering Terrorism
• overview of terrorism, by region
• AFRICA
• EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC OVERVIEW
• SOUTH ASIA OVERVIEW
• EUROPE AND EURASIA OVERVIEW
• WESTERN HEMISPHERE OVERVIEW
• NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
• P
• Palestine
• Palestine Liberation Front (PLF)
• Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
• Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ)
• Pan Am flight 103 bombing
• Party of Democratic Kampuchea
• pathological terrorists
• People against Gangsterism and Drugs (PAGAD)
• personal security
• Peru
• phases of a terrorist incident
• physical security
• piracy, as a form of terrorism
• plastic weapons
• Pol Pot
• Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)
• Popular Front for the Liberation of PalestineGeneral Command (PFLP-GC)
• Posse Comitatus
• Prevention of Terrorism Act (Temporary Provisions)
• privateers
• Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA)
• Q
• al-Qadhafi, Mu'ammar (1942-)
• al-Qaeda
• Qibla (Muslims against Global Oppression [MAGO]; Muslims against Illegitimate Leaders [MAIL])
• Quebec Liberation Front
• Qutb, Sayyid (1906-1966)
• R
• Rabin, Yitzhak (1923-1995)
• racism and terrorism
• Rajneesh, Bhagwan Shree (1931-1990)
• random terror
• rape, as a tactic of warfare
• Real Irish Republican Army (RIRA)
• Red Army Faction (RAF; Baader-Meinhof Gang, German Rote Armee Fraktion, BaaderMeinhof Gruppe)
• Red Brigades (BR)
• Red Hand Defenders (RHD)
• religion, as a factor in group dynamics
• Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)
• Revolutionary Organization 17 November (November 17, 17N)
• Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front (DHKP/C)
• Revolutionary People's Struggle (ELA)
• revolutionary taxes
• Revolutionary United Front (RUF)
• ricin
• right of access, of media to terrorist events in the United States
• right of self-determination
• right-wing extremism in Germany
• right-wing terrorism
• Ruby Ridge
• Eric Rudolph (1966-)
• rule of proportionality
• Rushdie, Salman (1 947-)
• S
• Sabra and Shatila
• Sadat, Anwar (1918-1981)
• Saint Elijah's Rebellion
• Salafist Group for Call and Combat
• Sánchez, Ilyich Ramírez
• SAS
• Sayaret Mat'kal (General Staff Reconaissance Unit 269)
• school site analysis
• SEAL Team Six (U.S. Naval Special Warfare Development Group [NSWDG]), a.k.a. Dev Group [DEVGRU])
• Security Barrier, Israeli
• Sendero Luminoso
• Shaldag
• Sharon, Ariel (1929-)
• Shigenobu, Fusako (1945-)
• Sikh terrorism
• Sinn Féin
• Six-Day War
• skyjacking, international law and
• Spain
• Special Operations units of the United States government
• Special Projects Team-Special Air Service (SAS; Counter Revolutionary Warfare Squadron [CRW])
• specific threat indicators
• spillover events, terrorist violence and
• Stalin, Joseph (1879-1953)
• state-sponsored terrorism
• state terrorism
• Stern Gang
• Stockholm syndrome
• Sudan, pharmaceutical plant, bombing of
• suicide terrorists
• surrogate terrorism
• Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA)
• T
• tactical terror
• taggants
• targeted killings
• targets, hardening of
• target search teams
• terrorism
• terrorism, financing of
• terrorists, characteristics of “successful”
• threat assessment
• threat/hoax, as terrorist tactic
• torture
• totalitarianism
• training camps for terrorists
• trends in terrorist demography
• TREVI
• Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA)
• Tupamaros (Uruguay faction) (Túpac Amaru)
• Turner Diaries, The
• TWA flight 847
• tyrannicide
• U
• Uganda
• Ulster Defense Association
• Unabomber
• unholy triangle
• United Kingdom anti-terror legislation
• United Nations, response to terrorism
• United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (a.k.a. Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia [AUC])
• United States, recent patterns of terrorism in
• USA PATRIOT Act
• USS Cole, bombing of
• V
• Venice Statement on Taking of Hostages
• Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations
• W
• Waco, Texas, incident
• War Measures Act
• weapons, conventional terrorist
• weapons of mass destruction
• white supremacist groups
• Wilmington Coup and Massacre of 1898
• World Trade Center bombings, 1993
• Y
• Yassin, Sheikh Ahmed (1936-2004)
• Yousef, Ramzi (1964?-)
• Z
• al-Zarqawi, Abu Musab (1966-2006)
• Zionism
• APPENDIX
• MAJOR ACTS OF TERRORISM, 1946-2006
• U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL REACTION TO SEPTEMBER 11, 2001, DAY BY DAY
• SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY