Encyclopedia of Modern Latin America (1900 to the Present) covers the history and culture of Central America, South America, and the Caribbean, focusing on Latin America as it asserts itself in international politics, experiences the effects of globalization, and becomes an influential area worldwide, from the 20th century through the present day.

Table of Contents

• Editor and Contributors
• Preface to Latin American History and Culture
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction to Encyclopedia of Modern Latin America (1900 to the Present)
• Time Line (1900-Present)
• A
• Acción Comunal
• Act of Chapultepec
• Adams, Tom
• agriculture in modern Latin America
• Albizu Campos, Pedro
• Alfaro Delgado, José Eloy
• Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana (APRA)
• Allende, Salvador
• Alliance for Progress
• Amazon Regional Cooperation Agreement
• Andean Community of Nations
• Anthony, Kenny
• Antigua and Barbuda
• Arbenz Guzmán, Jacobo
• architecture in modern Latin America
• Arévalo, Juan José
• Argentina, 1900s–present
• Argentina, economic collapse in
• Arias Madrid, Arnulfo
• Arias Sánchez, Oscar
• Aristide, Jean-Bertrand
• Arron, Henck
• art in modern Latin America
• Arthur, Owen
• Ashe, John William
• B
• Bachelet, Michelle
• Bahamas
• Balaguer, Joaquín
• balseros
• Banzer, Hugo
• Barbados
• Barrow, Errol
• Batista, Fulgencio
• Batlle y Ordóñez, José
• Bay of Pigs
• Belaúnde Terry, Fernando
• Belize, 1964 to present
• Belize-Guatemala territorial dispute
• Bennett, Michèle
• Berríos, Rubén
• Betancourt, Rómulo
• Bird, Vere Cornwall
• Bishop, Maurice
• Bogotá, 1900 to present
• Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (ALBA)
• Bolivia, 1900 to present
• Bosch, Juan
• Bouterse, Dési
• Bracero Program
• Bradshaw, Robert
• Brazil, 1900 to present
• Brazil, 1964 coup d’état in
• British Caribbean, 1900 to present
• British overseas territories in Latin America
• Bryan-Chamorro Treaty
• Buenos Aires, 1900 to present
• Burnham, Forbes
• Bustamante, Alexander
• C
• Calderón Hinojosa, Felipe
• Calles, Plutarco Elías
• Caracas, 1900 to present
• Cárdenas, Lázaro
• Carías Andino, Tiburcio
• Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI)
• Caribbean Community and Common Market
• Caribbean Free Trade Association
• Caribbean Legion
• Carnival in Brazil
• Carranza, Venustiano
• Cartes, Horacio
• Castro, Fidel
• Castro, Raúl
• Catholic Church in modern Latin America
• Cato, R. Milton
• Central America, 1900 to present
• Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI)
• Central American Common Market (CACM)
• Central American conferences of 1907 and 1923
• Central American Integration System (SICA)
• Central American wars
• Cerro Maravilla Incident
• Césaire, Aimé
• Chaco War
• Chamorro Cardenal, Pedro Joaquín
• Chamorro, Violeta Barrios de
• Charles, Mary Eugenia
• Chávez, Hugo
• “Chicago Boys”
• Chile, 1900 to present
• Chilean Mine Disaster, 2010
• China and Latin America, People's Republic of
• Colom, Álvaro
• Colombia, 1900 to present
• communism in Latin America
• Compton, John
• Conference of Latin American Bishops
• construction of the Panama Canal
• Convention of Aguascalientes
• Correa, Rafael
• Costa Rica, 1900 to present
• Costa Rican Civil War
• Cotonou Agreement
• Creelman, James
• crime and punishment in modern Latin America
• Crowder, Enoch
• Cuba, 1900 to present
• Cuban American National Foundation (CANF)
• Cuban missile crisis
• Cuban Revolution
• D
• Danticat, Edwidge
• de la Huerta, Adolfo
• Devil's Island Prison
• Díaz, Félix
• Dirty War
• Dominica, 1900 to present
• Dominican-Haitian relations
• Dominican Republic, 1900 to present
• Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA)
• Douglas, Denzil
• drug trade in Mexico
• drugs in modern Latin America
• Duarte Frutos, Óscar Nicanor
• Duarte, José Napoleón
• Dutch Caribbean, 1900 to present
• Duvalier, François
• Duvalier, Jean-Claude
• E
• Echeverría, Luis
• economy of modern Latin America
• Ecuador, 1900 to present
• Ecuador-Peru boundary dispute
• education in modern Latin America
• El Salvador, 1900 to present
• Esquivel, Manuel
• Estado Novo
• Estrada Cabrera, Manuel
• European Union and Latin America
• F
• Falklands/Malvinas War
• family in modern Latin America
• Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front
• Fernández de Kirchner, Cristina
• Fernández, Leonel
• Ferré, Luis A.
• Ferré, Rosario
• Figueres Ferrer, José
• Flores Magón brothers
• Foraker Act
• Fox, Vicente
• Franco, Rafael
• Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)
• Frei, Eduardo
• French overseas possessions in modern Latin America
• Fuentes, Carlos
• Fujimori, Alberto
• G
• Gairy, Eric
• Gaitán, Jorge Eliécer
• Galtieri, Leopoldo
• García Pérez, Alan
• Gomes, Albert
• Gómez, Juan Vicente
• Gómez, Laureano
• González, Elián
• Good Neighbor Policy
• Grau San Martín, Ramón
• Grenada, 1900 to present
• Grove Vallejo, Marmaduke
• Guantánamo Naval Base
• Guatemala, 1900 to present
• Guatemala City, 1900 to present
• Guerra, Juan Luis
• Guevara, Che
• Guiana Space Center
• Guyana, 1900 to present
• H
• Haiti, 1900 to present
• Haiti, earthquake of 2010
• Hassanali, Noor
• Havana, 1900 to present
• Haya de la Torre, Víctor Raúl
• Hermanas Mirabal
• Hernández, Juan Orlando
• Hernández Martínez, Maximiliano
• Honduras, 1900 to present
• Huerta, Victoriano
• human rights in modern Latin America
• I
• Ibáñez del Campo, Carlos
• immigration from Mexico to the United States, 1900 to present
• industry in modern Latin America
• Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
• Isle of Pines
• J
• Jagan, Cheddi
• Jagdeo, Bharrat
• Jamaica, 1900 to present
• Japan, economic interests in Latin America
• Jones Act of 1917
• Jonestown massacre
• K
• Kahlo, Frida
• Kincaid, Jamaica
• Kirchner, Néstor
• Kubitschek, Juscelino
• Kuczynski, Pedro Pablo
• L
• labor in modern Latin America
• Lagos, Ricardo
• Latin American debt crisis of the 1980s
• Lechín Oquendo, Juan
• Leguía, Augusto B.
• Lescot, Élie
• leva
• Lewis, Vaughan
• Ley de la Mordaza
• Lima, 1900 to present
• literature in modern Latin America
• Lomé Convention
• López Portillo, José
• López Pumarejo, Alfonso
• lucha libre
• Lugo, Fernando
• Lula da Silva, Luiz Inácio
• M
• Machado y Morales, Gerardo
• Macri, Mauricio
• Madero, Francisco
• Maduro, Nicolás
• Mafia in Cuba
• Magloire, Paul
• Manley, Michael
• Manning, Patrick
• maquiladora
• Mariátegui, José Carlos
• Mariel boatlift
• Martí, Agustín Farabundo
• Martinelli, Ricardo
• Medina, Danilo
• Menchú Tum, Rigoberta
• Menem, Carlos Saúl
• Mexican Constitution of 1917
• Mexican Insurrections
• Mexican muralists
• Mexican Revolution
• Mexico, 1900 to present
• Mexico City, 1900 to present
• Mexico earthquake of 1985
• Micheletti, Roberto
• migration in modern Latin America
• military in modern Latin America
• mining in modern Latin America
• Mitchell, James
• Montealegre, Eduardo
• Monterrey
• Mora Valverde, Manuel
• Morales, Evo
• Morales, Jimmy
• Morínigo, Higinio
• Mujica, José
• Muñoz Marín, Luis
• Musa, Said
• music in modern Latin America
• N
• National Revolutionary Movement
• Native Americans in modern Latin America
• Nicaragua, 1900 to present
• Noriega, Manuel
• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
• O
• Obregón, Álvaro
• Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (OCIAA)
• offshore banking and modern Latin America
• Operation Bootstrap
• Operation Power Pack
• Operation Uphold Democracy
• Operation Urgent Fury
• Organization of American States (OAS)
• Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
• Orozco, Pascual
• Ortega, Daniel
• P
• Pan-American Highway
• Pan-American Union
• Pan-Americanism
• Panama, 1900 to present
• Panama Canal treaties
• Panama, flag riots in
• Panday, Basdeo
• Paraguay, 1900 to present
• Parsley Massacre
• Patterson, Percival
• Paz Estenssoro, Víctor
• Paz, Octavio
• Pelé
• PEMEX
• Peña Nieto, Enrique
• Pérez, Carlos Andrés
• Pérez Jiménez, Marcos
• Pérez Molina, Otto
• Permanent Treaty of 1934
• Perón, Eva Duarte de
• Perón, Isabel
• Perón, Juan
• Persad-Bissessar, Kamla
• Peru, 1900 to present
• Pindling, Lynden
• Pinochet, Augusto
• Platt Amendment
• political parties in modern Latin America
• Port-au-Prince
• Préval, René
• Price, George
• Price-Mars, Jean
• Puerto Rico, 1900 to present
• R
• Radio and TV Martí
• rapprochement, U.S. and Cuban
• Rastafarianism
• reciprocity treaty, U.S.-Cuban
• reggae
• religion in modern Latin America
• Remón Cantera, José Antonio
• Reyes, Rafael
• Richards, Viv
• Rio de Janeiro, 1900 to present
• Rio Pact
• Ríos Montt, Efraín
• Robinson, A. N. R.
• Rojas Pinilla, Gustavo
• Romero Barceló, Carlos Antonio
• Russia and Cuba
• Russia and Latin America
• S
• Saint Christopher and Nevis, 1900 to present
• Saint Lucia, 1900 to present
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 1900 to present
• Salinas de Gortari, Carlos
• Sam, Vilbrun Guillaume
• San Juan
• Sandiford, Erskine
• Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN)
• Sandino, Augusto César
• Sanguinetti, Julio María
• Santiago de Chile, 1900 to present
• Santo Domingo, 1900 to present
• Santo Domingo Metro
• Santos, Juan Manuel
• São Paulo, 1900 to present
• Scioli, Daniel
• Seaga, Edward
• Shining Path
• Simmonds, Kennedy
• Simpson-Miller, Portia
• Sinarquistas
• Soccer War
• Société Haïtienne-Américaine pour le Développement Agrícole (SHADA)
• soldaderas
• Solís, Luis Guillermo
• Somoza Debayle, Anastasio
• Somoza García, Anastasio
• Southern Cone Common Market
• Soviet Union and Cuba
• Soviet Union and Latin America
• Spencer, Baldwin
• sports and recreation in modern Latin America
• Stroessner, Alfredo
• student movement in Mexico, 1900 to present
• Suriname, 1900 to present
• Symonette, Roland
• T
• Taiwan relations with Latin America, 1900 to present
• Terra, Gabriel
• Thomson-Urrutia Treaty
• Tonton Macoutes
• Toro Ruilova, David
• Torrijos, Omar
• trade in modern Latin America
• transportation in modern Latin America
• Trinidad and Tobago, 1900 to present
• Trujillo, Rafael
• Trujillo, Ramfis
• Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement
• Tupamaros
• U
• U.S. Caribbean interventions, 1900–1934
• U.S. Customs receivership
• U.S. direct investment in Latin America, 1900 to present
• U.S.-Mexican relations, 1900 to present
• U.S. military assistance programs, 1900 to present
• U.S.-sponsored invasion of Guatemala
• U.S. trade embargo of Cuba
• U.S. trade reciprocity agreements, 1900 to present
• Ubico y Castañeda, Jorge
• Union of South American Republics (UNASUR)
• United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
• United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
• United States Virgin Islands, 1900 to present
• Uribe, Álvaro
• Uruguay, 1900 to present
• V
• Varela, Juan Carlos
• Vargas, Getúlio
• Vasconselos, José
• Vázquez, Tabaré
• Velasco Ibarra, José
• Venetiaan, Ronald
• Venezuela, 1900 to present
• Vieques, 1900 to present
• Villa, Pancho
• W
• Wasmosy, Juan
• West Indies Federation (WIF)
• Williams, Eric
• women in modern Latin America
• World Trade Organization (WTO) and Latin America
• World War I and Latin America
• World War II and Latin America
• Z
• Zapata, Emiliano
• Zapatistas
• Zedillo, Ernesto
• Zelaya, José Santos
• Zelaya, Manuel
• Support Materials
• Documents
• Spanish American Images of the United States, 1790-1960 (excerpt)
• Calvo Doctrine (Initial Draft)
• Intervention and Dollar Diplomacy in the Caribbean, 1900–1921 (excerpt)
• Platt Amendment (excerpts)
• Drago Doctrine
• Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (excerpt)
• Panama Canal Treaty (1904)
• Treaty Respecting Finance, Economic Development and Tranquility of Haiti (excerpts)
• Mexican Constitution of 1917 (excerpt)
• Treaty to Avoid or Prevent Conflicts between the American States (Gondra Treaty) (excerpts)
• General Treaty of Peace and Amity
• Arms Limitation Convention February 7, 1923
• “Peru's Agrarian Economy in the 1920s” (excerpts)
• Clark Memorandum on the Monroe Doctrine (excerpts)
• Statement by Cordell Hull at the Seventh International Conference of American States
• Convention on Rights and Duties of States
• “Communism or Nationalism?” (excerpts)
• “On Labor, 1943–1947” (excerpts)
• “History Will Absolve Me” (excerpt)
• “Meeting with Fidel Castro” (excerpts)
• New Havana, an Organized Poor Community in Santiago de Chile, 1970–1973 (excerpts)
• David Frost Conversation with Richard M. Nixon: Communism in Chile (excerpts)
• “On the Second Anniversary of the Grenada Revolution” (excerpt)
• “Address to the Nation on Events in Grenada” (excerpts)
• “Venezuela's Chávez as Everyman” (excerpts)
• “Neo-Liberalism and Latin America's Political Left” (excerpts)
• “They Can't Believe They’re Still in Cuba”
• Declaration of Cumaná
• Statements on Establishing Diplomatic Relations between the United States and Cuba
• Glossary
• Suggested Readings
• Web Sites