American Scientists, Second Edition provides entries on the scientists who have greatly impacted society and the scientific community. Each entry covers the scientist's background, including details about the individual's professional career and accomplishments within the scientific world. Further reading lists enhance each entry.

Table of Contents

• A
• Agassiz, Louis
• Altman, Sidney
• Alvarez, Luis
• Anderson, Carl David
• Anderson, Charles E.
• Anderson, Philip Warren
• Anfinsen, Christian Boehmer
• Apgar, Virginia
• Axel, Richard
• Axelrod, Julius
• B
• Bache, Alexander Dallas
• Baltimore, David
• Banneker, Benjamin
• Bardeen, John
• Barish, Barry C.
• Beadle, George Wells
• Békésy, Georg von
• Benacerraf, Baruj
• Berg, Paul
• Bethe, Hans
• Betzig, Eric
• Beutler, Bruce A.
• Bishop, J. Michael
• Blackburn, Elizabeth H.
• Blalock, Alfred
• Blobel, Günter
• Bloch, Felix
• Bloch, Konrad E.
• Blodgett, Katharine
• Bloembergen, Nicolaas
• Blumberg, Baruch S.
• Boyer, Paul D.
• Boyle, Willard S.
• Brattain, Walter H.
• Bridgman, Percy Williams
• Brown, Herbert C.
• Brown, Michael S.
• Buck, Linda B.
• C
• Calvin, Melvin
• Campbell, William C.
• Cannon, Annie Jump
• Capecci, Mario R.
• Carson, Rachel
• Carver, George Washington
• Cech, Thomas R.
• Chalfie, Martin
• Chamberlain, Owen
• Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan
• Chu, Steven
• Claude, Albert
• Cobb, William Montague
• Cohen, Stanley H.
• Colwell, Rita R.
• Compton, Arthur
• Cooper, Leon Neil
• Corey, Elias James
• Cori, Carl F.
• Cori, Gerty Radnitz
• Cormack, Allan M.
• Cornell, Eric A.
• Cournand, André F.
• Cowings, Patricia S.
• Cram, Donald J.
• Cronin, James W.
• Curl, Robert F.
• D
• Dana, James Dwight
• Davis, Raymond, Jr.
• Davisson, Clinton Joseph
• De Bakey, Michael Ellis
• Dehmelt, Hans Georg
• Delbrück, Max
• Dodge, Bernard O.
• Doisy, Edward A.
• Drew, Charles Richard
• Du Vigneaud, Vincent
• Dubos, René
• Dulbecco, Renato
• E
• Edelman, Gerald
• Einstein, Albert
• Elion, Gertrude
• Emeagwali, Philip
• Enders, John Franklin
• Erlanger, Joseph
• F
• Faber, Sandra
• Fenn, John B.
• Fermi, Enrico
• Feynman, Richard Philip
• Fire, Andrew Z.
• Fischer, Edmond H.
• Fitch, Val Logsdon
• Fleming, Williamina
• Flexner, Simon
• Flory, Paul
• Fossey, Dian
• Fowler, William Alfred
• Frank, Joachim
• Franklin, Benjamin
• Friedman, Jerome Isaac
• Furchgott, Robert F.
• G
• Gajdusek, D. Carleton
• Gamow, George
• Gasser, Herbert Spencer
• Gell-Mann, Murray
• Geller, Margaret
• Giacconi, Riccardo
• Giaever, Ivar
• Giauque, William F.
• Gibbs, J. Willard
• Gilbert, Walter
• Gilman, Alfred G.
• Glaser, Donald Arthur
• Glashow, Sheldon Lee
• Glauber, Roy J.
• Goddard, Robert
• Goeppert-Mayer, Maria
• Goldstein, Joseph L.
• Gourdine, Meredith Charles
• Gray, Asa
• Greengard, Paul
• Greider, Carol W.
• Gross, David Jonathan
• Grubbs, Robert H.
• Guillemin, Roger
• H
• Haldane, F. Duncan M.
• Hale, George Ellery
• Hall, Jeffrey C.
• Hall, John L.
• Hall, Lloyd Augustus
• Hall, Robert N.
• Hartline, H. Keffer
• Hartwell, Leland
• Hauptman, Herbert A.
• Hazen, Elizabeth
• Heck, Richard F.
• Heeger, Alan J.
• Hench, Philip S.
• Henry, Joseph
• Herschbach, Dudley Robert
• Hershey, Alfred Day
• Hill, Henry Aaron
• Hinton, William Augustus
• Hitchings, George
• Hoagland, Dennis R.
• Hoffmann, Roald
• Hofstadter, Robert
• Holley, Robert W.
• Hopper, Grace
• Horvitz, H. Robert
• Hubble, Edwin Powell
• Hubel, David Hunter
• Huggins, Charles B.
• Hulse, Russell A.
• I
• Ignarro, Louis J.
• Imes, Elmer Samuel
• Ishizaka, Kimishige
• J
• Julian, Percy L.
• Just, Ernest E.
• K
• Kandel, Eric R.
• Karle, Jerome
• Karplus, Martin
• Kendall, Edward C.
• Kendall, Henry W.
• Khorana, Har Gobind
• Kilby, Jack
• Knowles, William S.
• Kobilka, Brian K.
• Kohn, Walter
• Kornberg, Arthur
• Kornberg, Roger D.
• Kosterlitz, J. Michael
• Kountz, Samuel
• Krebs, Edwin G.
• Kuiper, Gerard Peter
• Kusch, Polykarp
• L
• Lamb, Willis Eugene, Jr.
• Landsteiner, Karl
• Langmuir, Irving
• Laughlin, Robert B.
• Lawrence, Ernest
• Leavitt, Henrietta Swan
• Lederberg, Joshua
• Lederman, Leon M.
• Lee, David M.
• Lee, Tsung-Dao
• Lee, Yuan Tseh
• Lefkowitz, Robert J.
• Levi-Montalcini, Rita
• Levitt, Michael
• Lewis, Edward B.
• Lewis, Gilbert Newton
• Libby, Willard F.
• Lipmann, Fritz
• Lipscomb, William
• Luria, Salvador
• M
• MacDiarmid, Alan G.
• Marcus, Rudolph A.
• Mather, John C.
• Maury, Antonia
• Maury, Matthew Fontaine
• McClintock, Barbara
• McMillan, Edwin Mattison
• Mello, Craig C.
• Merrifield, R. Bruce
• Michelson, Albert A.
• Millikan, Robert Andrews
• Minot, George R.
• Mitchell, Maria
• Modrich, Paul
• Moerner, William E.
• Molina, Mario
• Moore, Stanford
• Morgan, Thomas Hunt
• Muller, Hermann Joseph
• Mulliken, Robert S.
• Mullis, Kary B.
• Murad, Ferid
• Murphy, William Parry
• Murray, Joseph E.
• N
• Nakamura, Shuji
• Nambu, Yoichiro
• Nathans, Daniel
• Negishi, Ei-ichi
• Newcomb, Simon
• Nirenberg, Marshall Warren
• Northrop, John Howard
• O
• Ochoa, Severo
• O’Keefe, John
• Olah, George A.
• Onsager, Lars
• Oppenheimer, J. Robert
• Osheroff, Douglas D.
• P
• Palade, George E.
• Pauling, Linus
• Pedersen, Charles J.
• Penzias, Arno Allan
• Perl, Martin L.
• Perlmutter, Saul
• Phillips, William D.
• Politzer, H. David
• Powell, John Wesley
• Press, Frank
• Prusiner, Stanley B.
• Purcell, Edward
• Q
• Quarterman, Lloyd A.
• Quimby, Edith H.
• R
• Rabi, I. I.
• Rainwater, James
• Ramakrishnan, Venkatraman
• Ramsey, Norman F.
• Reed, Walter
• Reines, Frederick
• Reiss, Adam G.
• Richards, Dickinson Woodruff
• Richards, Theodore William
• Richardson, Robert C.
• Richter, Burton
• Richter, Charles Francis
• Robbins, Frederick Chapman
• Rodbell, Martin
• Romer, Alfred Sherwood
• Rosbash, Michael
• Rose, Irwin A.
• Rothman, James E.
• Rous, Peyton
• Rowland, F. Sherwood
• Rowley, Janet D.
• Rubin, Vera
• Rush, Benjamin
• Russell, Henry N.
• S
• Sabin, Albert Bruce
• Sabin, Florence
• Salk, Jonas
• Sancar, Aziz
• Schally, Andrew V.
• Schawlow, Arthur Leonard
• Schekman, Randy W.
• Schmidt, Brian P.
• Schrieffer, J. Robert
• Schrock, Richard R.
• Schwartz, Melvin
• Schwinger, Julian
• Seaborg, Glenn
• Segrè, Emilio Gino
• Sharp, Phillip A.
• Sharpless, K. Barry
• Shechtman, Dan
• Shimomura, Osamu
• Shockley, William
• Shull, Clifford G.
• Simpson, George Gaylord
• Smalley, Richard E.
• Smith, George E.
• Smith, Hamilton O.
• Smithies, Oliver
• Smoot, George F.
• Snell, George D.
• Sperry, Roger Wolcott
• Stakman, Elvin C.
• Stanley, Wendell Meredith
• Stein, William Howard
• Steinberger, Jack
• Steinman, Ralph M.
• Steitz, Thomas A.
• Stern, Otto
• Stoddart, J. Fraser
• Südhof, Thomas C.
• Sumner, James Batcheller
• Sutherland, Earl Wilbur, Jr.
• Szostak, Jack W.
• T
• Tarter, Jill C.
• Tatum, Edward L.
• Taube, Henry
• Taussig, Helen
• Taylor, Joseph H., Jr.
• Teller, Edward
• Temin, Howard Martin
• Thomas, E. Donnall
• Thorne, Kip S.
• Thouless, David J.
• Ting, Samuel C. C.
• Torrey, John
• Townes, Charles Hard
• Tsien, Roger Y.
• Tsui, Daniel C.
• Turner, Charles Henry
• U
• Urey, Harold
• V
• Van Allen, James
• Van de Graaff, Robert Jemison
• Van Hise, Charles R.
• Van Vleck, John Housbrook
• Varmus, Harold E.
• von Braun, Wernher
• W
• Waksman, Selman A.
• Wald, George
• Warshel, Arieh
• Watson, James
• Weinberg, Steven
• Weiss, Rainer
• Welch, William H.
• Weller, Thomas
• Whipple, George Hoyt
• Wieman, Carl E.
• Wieschaus, Eric F.
• Wigner, Eugene Paul
• Wilczek, Frank
• Wilson, Kenneth G.
• Wilson, Robert
• Wineland, David J.
• Wong-Staal, Flossie
• Woodward, Robert Burns
• Wright, Jane C.
• Wright, Louis Tompkins
• Wright, Sewall
• Wrinch, Dorothy Maud
• Y
• Yalow, Rosalyn
• Yang, Chen Ning
• Young, Michael W.
• Z
• Zewail, Ahmed Hasan