Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology

Editor: Longe, Jacqueline L.
Publication Year: 2016
Publisher: Gale

Price: Core Collection Only
ISBN: 978-1-41-031781-0
Category: Psychology
Image Count: 194
Book Status: Available
Table of Contents

This accessible resource covers the entire spectrum of psychology, including: notable people, theories and terms, landmark case studies and experiments, primary source materials, applications of psychology in advertising, medicine and sports, and career information.

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Table of Contents

  • Advisory Board
  • Please Read—Important Information
  • Foreword
  • Introduction
  • Contributors
  • A
  • Ability
  • Abnormal Psychology
  • Abortion
  • Absolute Threshold
  • Acculturation
  • Achievement Tests
  • Nathan Ward Ackerman
  • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
  • Action Potential
  • Adaptation
  • Addiction/Addictive Personality
  • Adjustment Disorders
  • Alfred Adler (1870–1937)
  • Adolescence
  • Adolescent Depression
  • Adoption
  • Advertising Psychology
  • Affect
  • Affiliation
  • Aggression
  • Aging
  • Mary Ainsworth
  • Alcohol Dependence and Abuse
  • Alienation
  • Gordon Willard Allport
  • Altruism
  • Alzheimer's Disease
  • American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • American Psychiatric Association
  • American Psychological Association
  • Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
  • Ames Room
  • Amnesia
  • Anne Anastasi
  • Anger
  • Animal Experimentation
  • Anorexia
  • Antianxiety Drugs
  • Antidepressant Drugs
  • Antipsychotic Drugs
  • Antisocial Behavior
  • Antisocial Personality Disorder
  • Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders
  • Apgar Score
  • Aphasia
  • Applied Psychology
  • Approach Versus Avoidance
  • Archetype
  • Art Therapy
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Asperger Syndrome
  • Assessment, Psychological
  • Assimilation
  • Association for Psychological Science (APS)
  • Associationism
  • Attachment
  • Attention
  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
  • Attitude and Behavior
  • Attitudes and Attitude Change
  • Attraction, Interpersonal
  • Attribution Theory
  • Authoritarian Personality
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
  • Autoeroticism
  • Autonomic Nervous System
  • Aversive Conditioning
  • Avoidance Learning
  • Albert Bandura
  • B
  • Battered Child Syndrome
  • Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
  • Nancy Bayley
  • Aaron T. Beck
  • Clifford Beers
  • Behavior Modification
  • Behavior Therapy
  • Behaviorism
  • Bender-Gestalt Test
  • Bruno Bettelheim
  • Bilateral Cingulotomy
  • Bilingualism and Bilingual Education
  • Alfred Binet
  • Binocular Depth Cues
  • Biofeedback
  • Bipolar Disorder
  • Birth
  • Birth Order
  • Birth Trauma
  • Bisexuality
  • Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
  • Body Image
  • Bonding
  • Borderline Personality Disorder
  • Boredom
  • Medard Boss
  • Murray Bowen
  • John Bowlby
  • Brain
  • Brain disorders
  • Brain Injuries
  • Brainwashing
  • T. Berry Brazelton
  • Josef Breuer
  • Brief Reactive Psychosis
  • Pierre-Paul Broca
  • Jerome S. Bruner
  • Bulimia
  • Bullies
  • Bystander Effect
  • C
  • Caffeine-Related Disorders
  • Mary Whiton Calkins
  • Cannabis-Related Disorders
  • Career Counseling
  • Case Study Methodologies
  • Catharsis
  • Cathexis
  • James McKeen Cattell
  • Raymond Bernard Cattell
  • Central Nervous System
  • Central Tendency Measures
  • Character
  • Jean Martin Charcot
  • Chi-Square Test
  • Child Abuse
  • Child Development
  • Child Psychology
  • Childhood
  • Noam Chomsky
  • Circadian Rhythms
  • Kenneth Bancroft Clark
  • Classical Conditioning
  • Client-Centered Therapy
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Cliques
  • Codependence
  • Cognition
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
  • Cognitive Development
  • Cognitive Dissonance
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Cognitive Therapy
  • Cognitivism
  • Robert Martin Coles
  • Color Vision
  • Coma
  • Combat Neurosis
  • Communication Skills and Disorders
  • Comparative Psychology
  • Competence to Stand Trial
  • Competition
  • Compulsions
  • Computer Simulation (Modeling)
  • Concept Formation
  • Conditioned Response
  • Conditioned Stimulus
  • Conditioning
  • Conduct Disorder
  • Confidence Intervals
  • Confidentiality and Legal Privilege
  • Conflict Resolution
  • Conformity
  • Conscience
  • Conscious and Unconscious Motivations
  • Consciousness
  • Constructivism
  • Consumer Psychology
  • Contrast
  • Control Group
  • Convergent Thinking
  • Conversion Reaction
  • Coping Behavior
  • Correctional Psychology
  • Correlational Method
  • Counseling Ppsychology
  • Counterconditioning
  • Covert Sensitization
  • Creativity
  • Creativity Tests
  • Criminal Profiling
  • Crisis Intervention
  • Critical Period
  • Cross-Cultural Psychology
  • Cross-Sectional Study
  • Cults
  • Cultural-Historical Psychology
  • Culture-Fair Test
  • Charles Robert Darwin
  • D
  • Daydreaming
  • Deductive Reasoning
  • Deep Brain Stimulation
  • Defense Mechanisms
  • Delay of Gratification
  • Delayed Response
  • Delirium
  • Delusion and Delusional Disorders
  • Dementia
  • Dendrites
  • Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
  • Dependent Personality Disorder
  • Dependent Variable
  • Depression
  • Depth Perception
  • René Descartes
  • Descriptive Psychology
  • Desensitization
  • Determinism
  • Developmental Delay
  • Developmental Stages, Theories of
  • John Dewey
  • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)
  • Dialectical Behavior Therapy
  • Differential Psychology
  • Direct Observation Tests
  • Disability
  • Dissociation and Dissociative Disorders
  • Dissociative Identity Disorder
  • Divergent Thinking
  • Divorce
  • Down Syndrome
  • Draw-a-Person Test
  • Dreams
  • Drive Reduction
  • Drug therapy
  • Dysfunctional Family
  • Dyslexia
  • E
  • Eating Disorders
  • Hermann Ebbinghaus
  • John C. Eccles
  • Echolalia
  • Ecological Systems Theory
  • Educational Psychology
  • Effector
  • Ego
  • Elective Mutism
  • Electrical Stimulation of The Brain
  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
  • Electroencephalograph (EEG)
  • David Elkind
  • Albert Ellis
  • Emotion
  • Emotional Development
  • Emotional Intelligence
  • Empathy
  • Empiricism
  • Encounter group
  • Enculturation
  • Endocrine Glands
  • Environment
  • Environmental Psychology
  • Equilibrium Sense
  • Erik Erikson
  • Ethical Treatment of Animals
  • Ethnocentrism
  • Ethology
  • Etiology
  • Eugenics
  • Evolutionary Psychology (EP)
  • Exhibitionism
  • Existential Psychology
  • Experimental Design
  • Experimental Group
  • Experimental Psychology
  • Expert Testimony
  • Extinction
  • Extroversion
  • Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
  • Hans Jürgen Eysenck
  • F
  • Facial Recognition
  • False Memory Syndrome
  • Familial Retardation
  • Family
  • Family Size
  • Family Therapy
  • Fantasy
  • Fear
  • Gustav Theodor Fechner
  • Feral Children
  • Leon Festinger
  • Fetal Alcohol Effect (FAE) and Syndrome (FAS)
  • Fight/Flight Reaction
  • Figure-Ground Perception
  • Fine Motor Skills
  • Fixation
  • John Hurley Flavell
  • Food Addiction
  • Forensic Psychology
  • Forgetting Curve
  • Waldo David Frank
  • Viktor E. Frankl
  • Free Association
  • Free-Recall Learning
  • Frequency (Auditory)
  • Frequency Distribution
  • Anna Freud
  • Sigmund Freud
  • Friendship
  • Erich Seligman Fromm
  • Fugue
  • Functional Disorder
  • Functional Fixedness
  • Functionalism
  • G
  • Phineas Gage
  • Galen
  • Sir Francis Galton
  • Gangs
  • Howard Earl Gardner
  • Gender Bias
  • Gender Constancy
  • Gender Dysphoria Disorder
  • Gender Identity
  • General Adaptation Syndrome
  • Genius
  • Geriatric Psychology
  • Arnold Gesell
  • Gestalt Principles of Organization
  • Gestalt Psychology
  • Gestalt Therapy
  • Eleanor J. Gibson
  • James Jerome Gibson
  • Giftedness
  • Goal-Setting Theory
  • Grief
  • Gross Motor Skills
  • Group Dynamics
  • Group Therapy
  • Guilt
  • Edwin Ray Guthrie
  • H
  • Habituation
  • Jay Haley
  • Halfway House
  • Granville Stanley Hall
  • Hallucinations
  • Hallucinogens
  • Halo Effect
  • Handedness
  • Hand-eye Coordination
  • Harry F. Harlow
  • Health Psychology
  • Hearing
  • Donald O. Hebb
  • Fritz Heider
  • Hermann Von Helmholtz
  • Heredity
  • Herzberg's Two-factor Theory
  • Heterosexuality
  • Heuristics
  • High Intelligence
  • High-risk Participant Studies
  • Ernest R. Hilgard
  • Robert Aubrey Hinde
  • Histrionic Personality Disorder
  • Hoarding
  • Holtzman Inkblot Technique
  • Evelyn Hooker
  • Hormones
  • Karen Horney
  • Hostility
  • Ethel Dench Puffer Howes
  • Clark Leonard Hull
  • Human Potential, Movement
  • Humanistic Psychology
  • David Hume
  • Humor
  • Hypnosis
  • Hypochondria
  • Hypothalamus
  • Hypothesis Testing
  • I
  • Id
  • Identification with the Aggressor
  • Identity/Identity Formation
  • Imagination
  • Imitation
  • Imprinting
  • Impulse Control Disorders
  • Incentive Theory
  • Incest
  • Independent Variable
  • Inductive Reasoning
  • Industrial Psychology
  • Infancy
  • Inferiority Complex
  • Information-processing Theory
  • Informed Consent
  • Bärbel Inhelder
  • Insanity Defense
  • Instinct
  • Institutionalization
  • Instrumental Behavior
  • Insulin Shock Therapy
  • Intellectual Disability
  • Intelligence
  • Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
  • Intelligence Tests
  • Interdisciplinary Treatment
  • Interest Inventory
  • Intermittent Explosive Disorder
  • Internet-Based Therapy
  • Interpersonal Therapy
  • Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
  • Intrinsic Motivation and the 16 Basic Desires Theory
  • Introversion
  • Irrational Beliefs
  • J
  • William James
  • Pierre Marie Félix Janet
  • Jealousy
  • Arthur R. Jensen
  • Virginia E. Johnson
  • Jukes family
  • Carl Jung
  • Just Noticeable Difference
  • Juvenile Delinquency
  • K
  • Jerome Kagan
  • Kallikak Family
  • George Alexander Kelly
  • Kinesthetic Sense
  • Alfred Charles Kinsey
  • Kleptomania
  • Kurt Koffka
  • Lawrence Kohlberg
  • Kohs Block Test
  • Emil Kraepelin
  • L
  • Christine Ladd-Franklin
  • Ronald David Laing
  • Language Delay
  • Language Development
  • Language Disorder
  • Karl Spencer Lashley
  • Late-Life Psychosis
  • Latent Inhibition
  • Law of Effect
  • Arnold Allan Lazarus
  • Leadership
  • Learned Helplessness
  • Learning
  • Learning: Associative
  • Learning Curve
  • Learning: Dialogic Learning
  • Learning Disability
  • Learning: E-Learning and Augmented Learning
  • Learning: Episodic
  • Learning: Formal and Informal
  • Learning: Meaningful Learning
  • Learning: Multimedia Learning
  • Learning: Non-Associative
  • Learning Theory
  • Learning-to-Learn
  • Left-Brain Hemisphere
  • Leukotomy
  • Kurt Lewin
  • Libido
  • Lie Detection
  • Marsha M. Linehan
  • Localization (Brain Function)
  • Localization (sensory)
  • John Locke
  • Locus of Control
  • Jane Loevinger
  • Logical Thinking
  • Logotherapy
  • Longitudinal Study
  • Konrad Lorenz
  • Accepts Nobel Prize for Behavioral Research
  • Aleksandr Romanovich Luria
  • M
  • Eleanor Emmons Maccoby
  • Malingering
  • Mania
  • Marijuana
  • Marriage Counseling
  • Abraham Maslow
  • William Masters
  • Rollo May
  • William McDougall
  • Margaret Mead
  • Mean
  • Measurement
  • Media Psychology
  • Median
  • Meditation
  • Paul Everett Meehl
  • Melancholia
  • Memory
  • Mental Age
  • Mental Health
  • Mental Hospitals
  • Mental Illness
  • Mental Imagery
  • Merrill-Palmer Scales of Mental Tests
  • Franz Anton Mesmer
  • Metapsychology
  • Adolf Meyer
  • Middle Years
  • Stanley Milgram
  • Milgram's Obedience Experiment
  • Military Mental Health
  • Alice Miller (1923–2010)
  • Minimal Brain Dysfunction
  • Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
  • Salvador Minuchin
  • Mnemonic Strategies
  • Mob Psychology
  • Mode
  • Modeling
  • Monist and Pluralistic Motivational Theories
  • Maria Montessori
  • Mood
  • Mood Stabilizers
  • Moral Development
  • Christiana Drummond Morgan
  • Motion perception
  • Motivation
  • Multicultural Counseling
  • Multivariate Methods
  • Henry Alexander Murray, Jr
  • Music Therapy
  • Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
  • N
  • Narcissism
  • Narcolepsy
  • Narcotic Drugs
  • National Association of School Psychologists
  • National Institute of Mental Health
  • Nature-Nurture Controversy
  • Margaret Naumburg
  • Near-Death Experience
  • Negativism
  • Neocortex
  • Nerve
  • Nervous System
  • Neural Transmission: Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses
  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuron
  • Neuroplasticity
  • Neuropsychological Tests
  • Neurosis
  • Neurotransmitter
  • Night Terrors
  • Nightmares
  • Norm
  • Normal
  • Normal Distribution
  • O
  • Obesity
  • Objective Tests
  • Observational Study
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
  • Occupational Therapist
  • Oedipus Complex
  • Operant Conditioning
  • Oppositional-Defiant Disorder
  • Organic Disorder
  • Organismic Psychology
  • Arthur Otis
  • Overachiever
  • P
  • Pain
  • Paired-Associate Learning
  • Panic/Panic Disorders
  • Paranoia
  • Paraphilia
  • Parapsychology
  • Parent-Child Relationship
  • Parkinson's Disease
  • Passive-Aggressive Personality
  • Ivan Pavlov
  • Pedophilia
  • Peer Acceptance
  • Peer Groups
  • Peer Mediation
  • Peer Pressure
  • Wilder Graves Penfield
  • Perfectionism
  • Frederick S. Perls
  • Personality
  • Personality Development
  • Personality Disorders
  • Personality Inventory
  • Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)
  • Phenomenology
  • Philosophical Psychology
  • Phobia
  • Phrenology
  • Physiological Psychology
  • Jean Piaget
  • Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
  • Philippe Pinel
  • Placebo Effect
  • Play
  • Play Therapy
  • Pleasure Principle
  • Pornography
  • Postpartum Depression
  • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
  • Power
  • Preconscious
  • Prejudice and Discrimination
  • Premarital Counseling
  • Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
  • Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
  • Primal Therapy
  • Priming
  • Probability
  • Process Psychology
  • Programmed Learning
  • Projective Tests
  • Propaganda
  • Prospective Cohort Study
  • Psyche
  • Psychiatrist
  • Psychoanalysis
  • Psychodynamic psychotherapy
  • Psychohistory
  • Psychological Disorder
  • Psychologist
  • Psychology of Self
  • Psychometrics
  • Psychopharmacology
  • Psychophysics
  • Psychosexual stages
  • Psychosis
  • Psychosocial Development
  • Psychosomatic Disorders
  • Psychosurgery
  • Psychotherapy
  • Psychotic Disorders
  • Puberty
  • Punishment
  • Pyromania
  • Q
  • Qualitative Methods
  • R
  • Race and Intelligence
  • Racism
  • Radical Behaviorism
  • Otto Rank
  • Rape
  • Rapid Eye Movement (REM)
  • Rating Scale
  • Rational Motivation
  • Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (Rebt)
  • Reaction Time
  • Readiness Test
  • Reading Disability
  • Reality Therapy
  • Recovered Memories
  • Reflective Listening
  • Reflexes
  • Rehabilitation
  • Rehearsal
  • Wilhelm Reich
  • Reinforcement
  • Relational-Cultural Therapy
  • Research Methodology
  • Residential Treatment
  • Resilience
  • Retrospective Cohort Study
  • Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
  • Right-Brain Hemisphere
  • Risk-Taking Behaviors
  • Carl Rogers
  • Role Playing
  • Rorschach Technique
  • Rosenzweig Picture Frustration Study
  • Rote Learning
  • Julian B. Rotter
  • Benjamin Rush
  • S
  • Sampling Methods
  • Satanic Ritual Abuse
  • Virginia M. Satir
  • Savant Syndrome
  • Scapegoating
  • Schizophrenia
  • Scholastic Assessment Test
  • School Phobia/School Refusal
  • School Psychology
  • Scientific Method
  • Seasonal Affective Disorder
  • Security Objects
  • Self-Actualization
  • Self-Concept
  • Self-Conscious Emotions
  • Self-Control Strategies
  • Self-Esteem
  • Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
  • Self-Help Groups
  • Self-Report Inventory
  • Semantic Memory
  • Sensation
  • Sensitivity Training
  • Sensitization
  • Sensory Deprivation
  • Sensory Modalities
  • Separation Anxiety
  • Serial Learning
  • Serial Position Function
  • Sex Differences
  • Sex Offenders
  • Sex Roles
  • Sex Therapies
  • Sexological Testing
  • Sexual Abuse
  • Sexual Dysfunction Disorders
  • Sexual Identity
  • David Shakow
  • Shaping
  • William Herbert Sheldon
  • Milicent Washburn Shinn
  • Shyness
  • Signal Detection Theory
  • Significance Level
  • B. F. Skinner
  • Sleep
  • Sleep-wake Disorders
  • Smell
  • Smoking Behavior
  • Social Cognition
  • Social Competence
  • Social Influence
  • Social Learning Theory
  • Social Media and Social Media Studies
  • Social Perception
  • Social Psychology
  • Socialization
  • Somatotherapy
  • Somnambulism
  • Spatial Memory
  • Charles Edward Spearman
  • Speech Perception
  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Janet Taylor Spence
  • Kenneth W. Spence
  • Split-Brain Technique
  • Benjamin Spock
  • Sports Psychology
  • Stalking
  • Standard Error
  • Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM)
  • Standardized Test
  • Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales
  • Statistical Significance
  • Statistics In Psychology
  • Stereotype
  • Robert J. Sternberg
  • Stimulants
  • Strange Situation
  • Stranger Anxiety
  • Stress
  • Structuralism
  • Subliminal Influence
  • Suicide
  • Harry Stack Sullivan
  • Superego
  • Superstition
  • Survey
  • Synapse
  • Systems Psychology
  • T
  • Tangential Learning
  • Taste
  • Temperament
  • Temporal Motivation Theory
  • Lewis Terman
  • Test Anxiety
  • Testing Bias
  • Thalamus
  • Thematic Apperception Test
  • Edward Thorndike
  • Edward Chace Tolman
  • Torture
  • Touch
  • Tourette Syndrome
  • Transactional Analysis
  • Transference
  • Transpersonal Psychology
  • Twins
  • U
  • Unconscious
  • Unconscious Motivation
  • Underachiever
  • V
  • Validity
  • Violence
  • Vision
  • Vocational Aptitude Test
  • W
  • Margaret Floy Washburn
  • John Broadus Watson
  • David Wechsler
  • Wechsler Intelligence Scales
  • Weight Control
  • Carl Wernicke
  • Max Wertheimer
  • Withdrawal Behavior
  • Joseph Wolpe
  • Word Association Test
  • Workplace Violence
  • Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt
  • Y
  • Robert M. Yerkes
  • Z
  • Edward F. Zigler
  • Zone of Proximal Development
  • Organizations
  • Glossary