Disaster Nursing and Emergency Preparedness

Editor/Author Veenema, Tener Goodman
Publication Year: 2018
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company

Single-User Purchase Price: $150.00
Unlimited-User Purchase Price: $225.00
ISBN: 978-0-8261-4422-5
Category: Health & Medicine - Nursing
Image Count: 148
Book Status: Available
Table of Contents

This impressive edition builds upon the solid foundation of the first three award-winning editions with an expanded focus on climate change related disasters, globalization and its implications for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, the accommodation of high-risk, high-vulnerability populations, and the potential for disaster arising from a world witnessing increasing community violence and civil unrest.

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Table of Contents

  • Contributors
  • Reviewers
  • Foreword - Frederick M. Burkle Jr., MD, MPH, DTM, PhD(Hon.), FAAP, FACEP
  • Foreword - Patricia M. Davidson, PhD, MED, RN, FAAN
  • Foreword - Loretta C. Ford, RN, PNP, EdD
  • Preface
  • How to Use this Book
  • Editor's Note
  • Section I Disaster Preparedness
  • 1. Essentials of Disaster Planning - Tener Goodwin Veenema
  • Chapter Overview
  • Definition and Classification of Disasters
  • Declaration of a Disaster
  • Health Effects of Disasters
  • The Disaster Continuum
  • Disaster Planning
  • All Hazards Disaster Planning
  • Disaster Planning and Public Health Preparedness
  • Hazard Identification, Vulnerability Analysis, and Risk Assessment
  • Evaluating Capacity to Respond
  • Core Preparedness Activities
  • Evaluation of a Disaster Plan
  • Situations Suggestive of an Increased Need for Planning
  • Megacities
  • Disasters Within Hospitals and Healthcare Settings
  • Pandemics
  • Hazardous Materials Disaster Planning
  • Professional Nursing Mandate
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • References
  • 2. Leadership and Coordination in Disaster Healthcare Systems: The U.S. National Preparedness System - Lynn A. Slepski, Mary Pat Couig, Roberta Proffitt Lavin, Susan M. Orsega, and Tener Goodwin Veenema
  • Chapter Overview
  • Federal Preparedness Planning and Emergency Response
  • National Planning Frameworks
  • National Response Framework
  • The NRF As It Relates to the NIMS
  • Implementation of the NRF
  • Roles and Responsibilities
  • ESF-8: Public Health and Medical Services
  • Federal Definition of a Disaster Condition
  • NRF Considerations
  • Federal Medical Response Resources
  • Federal Medical Stations
  • Medical Response Actions
  • Assessment of Health/Medical Needs
  • Health Surveillance
  • Medical Care Personnel
  • Health/Medical Equipment and Supplies
  • Patient Evacuation
  • In-Hospital Care
  • Food/Drug/Medical Device Safety
  • Worker Safety
  • Radiological/Chemical/Biological Hazards Consultation
  • Mental Healthcare
  • Public Health Information
  • Vector Control
  • Potable Water/Waste Water and Solid Waste Disposal
  • Victim Identification/Mortuary Services
  • Veterinary Services
  • A Blueprint for the Future for Disaster Nursing
  • Leadership
  • All Disasters Are Local
  • Crisis Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations
  • Resources for Disaster Planning
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • References
  • 3. Hospital and Emergency Department Preparedness - David Markenson and Sarah Lynn-Andrews Losinski
  • Chapter Overview
  • Hospital Preparedness
  • Hazard Vulnerability Analyses
  • The Hospital Emergency Management Committee
  • Alliance Building and Community-Based Planning
  • Hospital Preparedness for Children
  • Phases of Emergency Planning
  • Mitigation Measures
  • Preparedness Efforts
  • The Response Phase
  • The Recovery Function
  • Disaster Standards of Care
  • Hospital Disaster Planning
  • Surge Capacity
  • Staffing
  • Credentialing
  • Stockpiling and Logistics
  • Resource Inventories
  • Security Issues
  • HAZMAT/CBRNE Readiness
  • Collaboration and Integration With Public Health
  • Equipment and Supplies
  • Utilities
  • Facility Evacuation
  • Drills and Exercises
  • ED Disaster Operations
  • Trauma Centers
  • Alternate Care Sites
  • Incident Command System
  • Management of a Mass Casualty Situation
  • Initial Evolvement of MCI
  • Casualties Flow to the Hospital
  • Casualties Flow Within the Hospital
  • Patient Triage
  • Principles of Initial Hospital Management
  • Use of Radiology
  • Operating Room
  • Secondary Transport
  • Reassessment Phase
  • Communication and Manpower Control
  • Information Center and Public Relations
  • Communication and Information Technology Issues
  • Hospital-Based Decontamination and Pediatric Considerations
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • References
  • 4. Emergency Health Services in Disasters and Public Health Emergencies - Jeremy T. Cushman, Manish N. Shah, and Mahshid Abir
  • Chapter Overview
  • The EHS System
  • EHS Components
  • Standard Operation of EHS
  • Current State of EHS
  • Major EHS Concepts Associated With Disasters
  • Resources for the EHS System
  • Regional and Federal Assets
  • Patients’ Access to EHS During a Disaster
  • Major EHS Issues
  • System Survey
  • Resource Availability
  • Communication and Coordination
  • How to Deal With the Influx
  • Summary
  • Critical Actions
  • Study Questions
  • References
  • 5. Emergency Medical Consequence Planning for Special Events, Mass Gatherings, and Mass Casualty Incidents - Tener Goodwin Veenema, Paul Arbon, and Alison Hutton
  • Chapter Overview
  • Mass Gatherings and Special Events
  • Healthcare Emergency Management
  • Emergency Medical Consequence Planning
  • Guidelines
  • Goals of Emergency Care at Mass Gatherings
  • Predicting Patient Presentation Rates
  • Event Type
  • Weather
  • Heat
  • Heat Rash
  • Heat Cramps
  • Heat Syncope
  • Heat Exhaustion
  • Heat Stroke
  • Cold
  • Frostnip
  • Frostbite
  • Hypothermia
  • Event Duration
  • Characteristics of the Crowd
  • Crowd Density
  • Crowd Mood
  • Alcohol and Drug Usage
  • Medical Aid Stations
  • Transportation Considerations
  • Communication Systems
  • Staffing
  • Documentation
  • Mass Casualty Incidents
  • Practice Parameters for Nursing Care
  • Nursing Assessments
  • Nursing Therapeutics and Core Competencies
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • References
  • Appendix 5.1 No-Notice Incidents: Hospital Triage, Intake, and Throughput
  • 6. Legal and Ethical Issues in Disaster Response - Eileen M. Amari-Vaught, Marilyn Pesto, and Kevin D. Hart
  • Chapter Overview
  • Legal and Ethical Framework and Background
  • Introduction to the Legal System
  • Effect of Law on Nursing Professionals
  • Relationship Between Ethical and Legal Obligations
  • Proposed Model State Acts
  • The Role of Government in a Public Health Crisis
  • Local Government
  • State Government
  • Federal Government
  • Law and Ethics
  • Specific Legal and Ethical Issues
  • Privacy Issues
  • Reporting of Diseases
  • Disclosure of Health Information
  • Quarantine, Isolation, and Civil Commitment
  • Vaccination
  • Treatment for Diseases
  • Screening and Testing
  • Professional Licensing
  • Resource Allocation
  • Professional Liability
  • Provision of Adequate Care
  • Selected Ethical Issues
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • References
  • Section II Disaster Mental Health and High-Vulnerability Populations
  • 7. Identifying and Accommodating High-Risk, High-Vulnerability Populations in Disasters - Elizabeth A. Davis, Rebecca Hansen, Lori Peek, Brenda Phillips, and Sarah Tuneberg
  • Chapter Overview
  • Defining and Understanding Vulnerability
  • Models for Understanding Vulnerability
  • Medical Model
  • Functional Model
  • Application
  • Understanding Vulnerability Systematically as a Basis for Intervention
  • Using an Equity and Empowerment Lens
  • The Life Cycle of Disasters
  • Preparedness
  • Response
  • Response Activities
  • Recovery
  • Recovery Programs
  • Mitigation
  • Guiding Principles
  • Conditions Fostering Change
  • Examples Organized Around the Ecosystem Model
  • Microlevel Example: Personal Preparedness
  • Meso-Level Example: Safe Centers in Alabama
  • Exo-Level Example: FEMA Trailers and Housing Policy
  • Macro-Level Example: Muslim Americans—Targeting and Tolerance after 9/11
  • Summary
  • References
  • Additional Resources
  • Case Study 7.1
  • Case Study 7.2
  • Case Study 7.3
  • Appendix 7.1 The Post-Disaster Personal Assessment Tool
  • Appendix 7.2 Think Before You Speak or Write: Polite Communication
  • 8. Human Services in Disasters and Public Health Emergencies: Social Disruption, Individual Empowerment, and Community Resilience - Juliana Sadovich and Jonathan D. White
  • Chapter Overview
  • Human Services “Under Clear Skies”
  • Human Security
  • What Is Social Well-Being?
  • Empowerment
  • Human Services in Disaster Response and Recovery
  • Theories Supporting the Role of Nurses in Human Services
  • The Role of Nurses in Human Services
  • Case Management in Disasters
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • References
  • Case Study 8.1
  • 9. Understanding the Psychosocial Impact of Disasters - Susan M. S. Carlson, Plum Kathleen Coyne, and Elizabeth C. Meeker
  • Chapter Overview
  • Bioterrorism and Toxic Exposures
  • Community Impact and Resource Assessment
  • Normal Reactions to Abnormal Events
  • Resiliency in the Face of Disaster
  • Special Needs Popluations
  • Children and Youth
  • Older Adults
  • The Seriously Mentally Ill
  • Cultural and Ethnic Subgroups
  • Disaster Relief Personnel
  • Community Reactions and Responses
  • Mourning, Milestones, and Anniversaries
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Internet Activities
  • Useful Links
  • References
  • Case Study 9.1
  • Case Study 9.2
  • 10. Management of the Psychosocial Effects of Disasters - Susan M. S. Carlson, Elizabeth C. Meeker, Plum Kathleen Coyne, and Tener Goodwin Veenema
  • Chapter Overview
  • The Mental Health Response Team
  • Recruitment, Screening, and Training
  • Disaster Mental Health Interventions
  • Psychological First Aid
  • Crisis Intervention
  • Social Support
  • Psychological Triage
  • Mental Health Referrals
  • Acute Stress Disorder
  • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
  • PTSD in Children
  • Interventions With Special Populations
  • Children and Youth
  • Children's Disaster Mental Health Concept of Operations Model
  • Older Adults
  • Individuals With Mental Illness
  • Cultural, Ethnic, and Religious Subgroups
  • Disaster Relief Personnel
  • Fatigue Management
  • When Grief and Stress Go Awry
  • Traumatic Grief (Complicated Bereavement)
  • Evidence-Based Practices in the Treatment of ASD and PTSD
  • Utilizing Technology as an Adjunct to Intervention and Treatment
  • Critical Incident Stress Management
  • The Debriefing Controversy
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Internet Activities
  • Useful Links
  • References
  • 11. Unique Needs of Children During Disasters and Other Public Health Emergencies - Michael Beach and Patricia Frost
  • Chapter Overview
  • Epidemiology of Pediatric Injuries and Illnesses During Disasters and Public Health Emergencies
  • Natural Disasters
  • Public Health Emergencies
  • Acts of Terrorism
  • Acts of War
  • Physiological Considerations in Pediatric Care Following a Disaster or Public Health Emergency
  • Pulmonary
  • Cardiovascular
  • Integumentary
  • Musculoskeletal
  • Cognitive
  • Nutritional Requirements
  • Genetic
  • Immunologic
  • Children With Functional and Access Needs
  • Psychosocial Considerations in Pediatric Care
  • Pediatric Care During Disasters
  • Pediatric Disaster Triage
  • Prehospital Treatment
  • Prehospital Medical Transportation and Evacuation
  • Emergency Department Treatment
  • Reunification and Family Assistance Planning
  • Community Hospital Preparedness
  • Care in Shelters
  • Care in Refugee Camps and Camps for Displaced Populations
  • Long-Term Care Following a Disaster
  • Pediatric Care During Public Health Emergencies
  • Exposure to Nuclear and Radiological Agents
  • Prehospital Treatment
  • Emergency Department Treatment
  • Exposure to Biological Agents
  • Definitive Treatment
  • Ethical and Legal Considerations in Pediatric Disaster Care
  • Pediatric Death Following Disasters and Public Health Emergencies
  • Planning for Disasters—Pediatric-Specific Considerations
  • Pediatric Considerations in Healthcare Preparations
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Internet Activities
  • Support Preparedness
  • References
  • 12. Disaster Nursing in Schools and Other Community Congregate Child Care Settings - Cheryl K. Schmidt, Devin Terry, Dona M. Friend, Shannon Finley, Joy Jennings, Susan Ritchie, Kelly Betts, and Jody Bryant
  • Chapter Overview
  • Growth and Developmental/Cognitive Considerations
  • Elementary and Secondary Schools
  • Child Welfare Agencies
  • Juvenile Justice and Residential Settings
  • Child Care Settings
  • Universities/Colleges
  • Churches/Parishes
  • Legislation
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Internet Activities
  • References
  • Appendix 12.1 Index to Recommendations and Responsible Entities
  • 13. Care of the Pregnant Woman and Newborn Following a Disaster - Kathleen Capitulo and Robbie Preppas
  • Chapter Overview
  • Physiology of Normal Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy During Disaster Conditions
  • Complications of Pregnancy
  • Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension, and Eclampsia
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Bleeding and Blood Disorders
  • Blood Disorders
  • Other Medical Conditions in Pregnancy Occurring During a Disaster
  • Assessment of the Pregnant Woman and Baby
  • Cardiovascular System
  • Childbirth During Disasters
  • Stages of Childbirth
  • Complications of Labor and Delivery: Malpresentation
  • Care of the Umbilical Cord
  • Physiology of Postpartum Mother and Newborn
  • Special Assessment/Conditions of the Newborn
  • Postpartum Management in Disasters
  • Special Considerations for Mother and Baby in Disasters
  • Infections and Communicable Diseases
  • Special Infectious Disease Considerations
  • Environmental Cleanliness and Sanitation
  • Bioterrorism
  • Trauma in Pregnancy
  • Performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
  • Breastfeeding and Infant Nutrition
  • Breastfeeding Challenges
  • Relactation
  • Lack of Food, Malnutrition, and Starvation
  • Crisis Conditions Associated With Pregnancy
  • Hemorrhage
  • Infections in Postpartum and Lactating Women During Disasters
  • HIV—AIDS
  • Zika Virus
  • Ebola Virus Disease
  • Shelters and Practical Considerations for Austere Environments
  • Death of the Mother or Infant—Bereavement Concerns and Interventions
  • Maternal Death
  • Perinatal Death
  • Healing Professional Interventions in Maternal/Perinatal Bereavement
  • Returning Home Safely
  • Flood Water in Streets and Buildings
  • Toxic Exposures During Pregnancy
  • Returning Home
  • Risk of Violence, Abuse, Slavery, and Human Trafficking
  • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
  • Summary
  • References
  • Appendix 13.1 Breastfeeding: A Vital Emergency Response. Are You Ready?
  • Section III Global Disasters and Complex Human Emergencies
  • 14. Disaster Nursing and the United Nations 2015 Landmark Agreements—A Vital Force for Change in the Field of Disaster Nursing - Rishma Maini, Joanne Bosanquet, and Virginia Murray
  • Chapter Overview
  • Disasters and Their Impacts
  • The 2015 UN Landmark Agreements
  • The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
  • Roles and Responsibilities of Nurses in Implementing The Sendai Framework
  • How Can Nurses Actively Engage in and Lead on Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Risk-Management Policy Nationally and Globally?
  • Nurses Engaging and Leading Nationally
  • Nurses Engaging and Leading Globally
  • Role of the World Health Organization
  • Who Collaborating Centers
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Acknowledgments
  • Useful Links
  • References
  • 15. Complex Humanitarian Emergencies - Frederick M. Burkle, Jr.
  • Chapter Overview
  • Defining Ches
  • Conventional Warfare
  • Unconventional Warfare
  • Major Characteristics
  • International Response
  • Measuring the Human Cost
  • Assessments, Data Collection, and Analysis
  • Direct Indices
  • Indirect Indices
  • Epidemiological Models
  • Developing Country Health Profiles
  • Developing Country Health Profiles
  • Chronic/Smoldering Country Health Profiles
  • Postconflict Phase Consequences
  • Shifting Aid From Rural to Urban Environments
  • Future Complex Humanitarian Emergencies
  • Professionalization of the Humanitarian Workforce
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • References
  • Additional Resources
  • 16. Nursing in Disasters, Catastrophes, and Complex Humanitarian Emergencies Worldwide - Patrick Deeny and Kevin Davies
  • Chapter Overview
  • Scale of Disasters Worldwide
  • Growth of Aid Agencies and Contribution of Nursing
  • Development of an International Workforce
  • Ethical Issues in Disaster Nursing
  • Communication and Transport as Obstacles to Aid Relief
  • Care of Displaced Persons and Refugees
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • References
  • 17. Natural Disasters - Tener Goodwin Veenema, Andrew Corley, and Clifton P. Thornton
  • Chapter Overview
  • Types and Consequences of Natural and Environmental Disasters
  • Severity of Damage
  • Trends in Natural Disaster
  • Cyclones, Hurricanes, and Typhoons
  • Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
  • Drought
  • Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
  • Earthquake
  • Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
  • Prevention/Mitigation
  • Epidemics
  • Flood
  • Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
  • Heat Wave
  • Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
  • Prevention
  • Tornado
  • Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
  • Prevention/Mitigation
  • Thunderstorms
  • Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
  • Tsunamis
  • Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
  • Volcanic Eruptions
  • Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
  • Winter/Ice Storms
  • Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
  • Prevention/Mitigation
  • Wildfires
  • Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
  • Prevention/Mitigation
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Internet Activities
  • References
  • Case Study 17.1
  • Case Study 17.2
  • Case Study 17.3
  • 18. Environmental Disasters and Emergencies - Tener Goodwin Veenema, Clifton P. Thornton, and Andrew Corley
  • Chapter Overview
  • Environmental Emergencies
  • Environmental Disasters
  • Environmental Public Health Tracking: Protecting Communities Through Integrated Environmental Public Health Surveillance
  • Environmental Protection Agency
  • CDC National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network
  • Examples of Environmental Hazards and Their Impact
  • Air Pollutants
  • Chemical Spills
  • Risk Management Program Rule (40 CFR 68)
  • Land, Waste, and Brownfields
  • Mold
  • Oil Spills
  • Unconventional Gas and Oil Production
  • Pesticides
  • Radiation Release and Contamination
  • Water
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Internet Activities
  • References
  • Case Study 18.1
  • Case Study 18.2
  • Case Study 18.3
  • Case Study 18.4
  • Case Study 18.5
  • Case Study 18.6
  • Case Study 18.7
  • 19. Restoring Public Health Under Disaster Conditions: Basic Sanitation, Water and Food Supply, and Shelter - Mary Pat Couig, Tener Goodwin Veenema, and Adam B. Rains
  • Chapter Overview
  • Basic Public Health Functions
  • Health Promotion
  • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
  • Risk Factors for Infectious Disease Outbreaks From Disasters
  • Rapid Assessment of Population Health Needs
  • The Role of the Public Health Nurse Following a Disaster
  • The Sphere Project
  • Vulnerabilities and Capacities of Disaster-Affected Populations
  • Water
  • Sanitation
  • Access to Toilets
  • Design of Toilets
  • Foodborne Illness
  • Food Safety
  • Magnitude of Foodborne Illness
  • Major Foodborne Diseases From Microorganisms
  • Foodborne Illness Investigation
  • Challenges in Food Safety
  • Food Safety Is Essential for Disease Prevention in the Aftermath of a Disaster
  • Shelter From the Elements
  • Personal Hygiene
  • Vector Control
  • Methods of Vector Control
  • Restoration of Electrical Power
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • Appendix 19.1 Ten Essential Functions of Public Health
  • 20. The Role of the Public Health Nurse in Disaster Response - Janice Springer
  • Chapter Overview
  • The Unique Contribution of the PHN
  • Historical Perspective
  • Emerging Roles
  • Role of the PHN in a Disaster
  • ESF-6 Mass Care
  • ESF-8 Public Health and Medical Services
  • Role of the PHN in Prevention and Health Education
  • Families
  • Community Groups
  • Primary and Secondary Schools
  • Faith-Based Groups
  • Correctional Institutions
  • Vulnerable Populations
  • Postdisaster Assistance
  • Care of the Caregiver
  • Role of the PHN in a Biological Event
  • Role of the PHN in Infectious Disease Emergencies
  • Role of the PHN in Medical Countermeasure Dispensing
  • Role of the PHN in a Chemical Disaster
  • Role of the PHN in a Radiological Event
  • Role of the PHN on a Multidisciplinary Response Team
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • References
  • 21. Climate Change and Health: the Nurse's Role in Policy and Practice - Karen Levin and Thomas Chandler
  • Chapter Overview
  • Physical Drivers of Climate Change
  • Selected Health Outcomes
  • Extreme Weather Events
  • Thermal Extremes (Heat and Cold)
  • VectorBorne and Zoonotic Diseases
  • Food- and Waterborne Diseases
  • Vulnerable and Susceptible Populations
  • Children
  • Elderly
  • Urban Poor
  • Mental Health
  • The Nurse's Role in Climate Change
  • What Are Nurses Doing?
  • Future Work to Be Done
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Useful Links
  • References
  • Section IV Disaster Response
  • 22. Disaster Triage - Lou E Romig. and E. Brooke Lerner
  • Chapter Overview
  • Basic Principles of Disaster Triage
  • Phases of Disaster Triage: From the Field to the Hospital
  • Basic Differences Between Daily Triage and Disaster Triage at the Hospital
  • Daily Triage in the Hospital Setting
  • In-Hospital Triage Systems for Daily Operations
  • Disaster Triage in the Hospital Setting
  • Prehospital Disaster Triage
  • SALT Triage
  • Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment
  • JumpSTART
  • Triage Tags
  • The Job of the Triage Officer
  • Disaster Triage for Hazardous Material Disasters
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • References
  • 23. Disaster Management - Kristine M. Gebbie and Kristine Qureshi
  • Chapter Overview
  • Classifications of Disasters
  • Internal Disaster
  • External Disaster
  • Combined External/Internal Disaster
  • The Role of Leadership
  • The Disaster Management Process
  • Preparedness/Risk Assessment
  • Mitigation
  • Response
  • Infrastructure
  • Staff Competency
  • The Plan
  • Relationships and Partnerships
  • Introduction to Hospital Incident Command System
  • HICS Structure
  • Specific HICS Functional Roles
  • HICS Updates and Coalition Building
  • Communication During an Emergency Event
  • Adapting Care to the Context
  • Recovery
  • Evaluation and Follow-Through
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Useful Links
  • References
  • 24. Public Health Emergencies Involving Community Violence and Civil Unrest: Taking Planned Action - Roberta Proffitt Lavin, Wilma J. Calvert, Sue Anne Bell, Shelia R Grigsby, and Anne F. Fish
  • Chapter Overview
  • Civil Unrest
  • Ferguson, MO
  • Social Issues as Foundational Elements in Civil Unrest
  • Active Shooter
  • Types of Active Shooters
  • Active Shooter
  • Mass Shooting
  • Mass Killings
  • Terrorism
  • Active Shooter Incidents in the Healthcare Setting
  • Mitigation and Preparedness
  • Response
  • Active Shooter Management in the Prehospital Setting
  • Recovery
  • Community Resilience
  • Mental Health Support
  • Ethics
  • Considerations for Nurses in Mass Shootings
  • Considerations for Nurses in Civil Unrest
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Useful Links
  • References
  • 25. Management of Burn Mass Casualty Incidents - Lisa Pruett
  • Chapter Overview
  • Preparedness/Planning
  • Mitigation
  • Response
  • Burn Triage in MCIs
  • Pathophysiology of Burn Injury
  • Management of a Mass Casualty Burn Patient
  • Primary Survey
  • Secondary Survey
  • Burn Wound Care
  • Pain Control
  • Special Topics
  • Recovery
  • Evaluation
  • Summary
  • Acknowledgments
  • Study Questions
  • References
  • Case Study 25.1
  • Case Study 25.2
  • Case Study 25.3
  • 26. Traumatic Injury Due to Explosives and Blast Effects - Tara L. Sacco
  • Chapter Overview
  • Explosives: Classification and Physics
  • Mechanisms and Patterns of Injury
  • Blast Injuries and Clinical Care of Survivors
  • Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Ear Injury
  • Eye Injury
  • Pulmonary Injury
  • Cardiovascular Injury
  • Abdominal Injury
  • Musculoskeletal Injury
  • Military and Civilian Casualties
  • Extremes of Ages and Pregnancy
  • Event Management
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • References
  • Case Study 26.1
  • Case Study 26.2
  • 27. Caring for Patients With HIV Following a Disaster - Susan Michaels-Strasser, Juliana Soares Linn,
  • Chapter Overview
  • The Sphere Project and Minimum Standards
  • Reproductive Health and Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  • Disasters and Disruption of the Social Fabric of Communities
  • Sexual and Gender-Based Violence
  • Reduced Access to Preventive Health Services
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Disaster Preparedness Continuum
  • Primary Prevention
  • Prevention of Disease Transmission
  • Blood Donations and Transfusions
  • Secondary Prevention—Securing Essential Drugs for HIV-Positive People
  • Practical Considerations for Nurse Safety
  • Identifying Patients in Need
  • Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission
  • Access and Adherence to ART
  • Differentiated Service Delivery
  • Clinical Considerations in Caring for Patients With HIV and AIDS
  • Special Considerations in Children and Pregnant Women
  • Nursing Care Guidelines
  • Nutrition, Hygiene, and Sanitation
  • Drug Supplies and Drug Dumping
  • Psychological Considerations of Caring for Patients With HIV
  • Summary
  • References
  • Case Study 27.1
  • Case Study 27.2
  • Section V Disaster Caused by Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Agents
  • 28. Biological and Chemical Terrorism: A Unique Threat - Eric Croddy and Ackerman Gary
  • Chapter Overview
  • Chemical Terrorism and Bioterrorism Defined
  • Chemical and Biological Agents: Quick Definitions
  • Why Would Terrorists Use Chemical or Biological Agents?
  • Disinformation or Hoaxes
  • How Might the Choice of CB Weapons Differ Between Military and Terrorist Use?
  • Some Unique Aspects of a Chemical or Biological Terrorist Incident
  • What Are the Real Risks of Chemical Terrorism/Bioterrorism?
  • Chemical Terrorism
  • Delivery of Chemical Agents
  • Nerve Agents
  • Blood Agents
  • Lung Irritants
  • Vesicants
  • Psychoincapacitants
  • Pesticides
  • Effects of Chemical Terrorism
  • Chemical Contamination of Water, Food, Beverages, and Consumer Products
  • Challenges Posed by a Chemical Terrorist Attack
  • Bioterrorism
  • Bioterrorism and Delivery of BW Agents
  • What Agents Might the Bioterrorist Use?
  • Smallpox
  • Sabotage (Food and Water Contamination) Threats
  • Challenges Posed by Bioterrorism
  • Case Examples
  • The Rajneeshees
  • Aum Shinrikyo
  • The 2001 Anthrax Attacks
  • Mass Psychogenic Illness
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • References
  • 29. Chemical Agents of Concern - Justin K. Loden, Sean J. Kice, and John G. Benitez
  • Chapter Overview
  • HAZMAT Incidents
  • Chemical Agents in the Environment
  • HAZMAT Emergency Response
  • Detection of Chemical Agents
  • Chemical Agents of Concern
  • Medical Countermeasures
  • Medical Management of HAZMAT Victims
  • Primary Assessment and Resuscitation
  • Secondary Assessment
  • Nerve Agents
  • Recognizing Nerve Agents
  • Duration/Mortality
  • Patient Assessment
  • Clinical Diagnostic Tests
  • Patient Management
  • Treatment
  • Vesicating/Blister Agents
  • Recognizing Vesicants
  • Exposure Types and Onsets
  • Treatment
  • Duration/Mortality
  • Patient Assessment
  • Clinical Diagnostic Tests
  • Patient Management
  • Therapy
  • Blood Agents
  • Recognizing Tissue (Blood) Agents
  • Patient Assessment
  • Clinical Diagnostic Tests
  • Treatment
  • Patient Management
  • Therapy
  • Pulmonary/Choking Agents
  • Recognizing Pulmonary Agents
  • Exposure Type(s)/Onset
  • Duration/Mortality
  • Patient Assessment
  • Clinical Diagnostic Tests
  • Patient Management
  • Therapy/Antidote
  • Treatment
  • Riot Control Agents
  • Recognizing Riot Control Agents
  • Treatment
  • Duration/Mortality
  • Patient Assessment
  • Emergency Department Procedures in Chemical Hazard Emergencies
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Internet Activities
  • References
  • Case Study 29.1
  • Case Study 29.2
  • 30. Biological Agents of Concern - David C. Pigott, Ziad N. Kazzi, and Sarah D. Nafziger
  • Chapter Overview
  • Classification of Biological Agents of Concern
  • Category A Agents
  • Category B Agents
  • Category C Agents
  • Biosafety Laboratory Classification
  • Anthrax
  • History
  • Epidemiology
  • Classification and Etiology
  • Pathogenesis
  • Biosafety Issues, Protection, and Isolation
  • Public Health Implications
  • Vaccination and Postexposure Prophylaxis
  • Treatment
  • Botulism
  • History
  • Epidemiology
  • Classification and Etiology
  • Pathogenesis
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
  • Laboratory Issues, Protection, and Isolation
  • Public Health Implications
  • Vaccination and Postexposure Prophylaxis
  • Treatment
  • Plague
  • History
  • Epidemiology
  • Classification and Etiology
  • Pathogenesis
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
  • Biosafety Issues, Protection, and Isolation
  • Public Health Implications
  • Vaccination and Postexposure Prophylaxis
  • Treatment
  • Tularemia
  • History
  • Epidemiology
  • Classification and Etiology
  • Pathogenesis
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
  • Biosafety Issues, Protection, and Isolation
  • Public Health Implications
  • Vaccination and Postexposure Prophylaxis
  • Treatment
  • Smallpox
  • History
  • Epidemiology
  • Classification and Etiology
  • Pathogenesis
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
  • Biosafety Issues, Protection, and Isolation
  • Public Health Implications
  • Vaccination and Postexposure Prophylaxis
  • Treatment
  • Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
  • Epidemiology
  • Classification and Etiology
  • Pathogenesis
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
  • Biosafety Issues, Protection, and Isolation
  • Public Health Implications
  • Vaccination and Postexposure Prophylaxis
  • Treatment
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • References
  • 31. Surveillance Systems for Detection of Biological Events - Erica Rihl Pryor
  • Chapter Overview
  • Background
  • How Is Disease Occurrence Measured?
  • What Is Public Health Surveillance?
  • Data Collection
  • Data Analysis and Interpretation
  • Data Dissemination
  • What Types of Systems Are Used to Collect Surveillance Data?
  • Public Health Surveillance System Example: Influenza in the United States
  • Other Infectious Disease Surveillance Systems
  • What Are the Roles of State and Local Health Departments in Disease Surveillance Systems?
  • What Is the Role of Clinicians in Infectious Disease Surveillance?
  • What Is Biosurveillance?
  • Syndromic Surveillance
  • Internet-Based Surveillance Systems
  • Surveillance Partners
  • What Is the Role of Animal Surveillance Systems?
  • How Do Emergency Information Systems Fit Into a Biosurveillance System?
  • Early Recognition and Detection of Biological Events: Role of the Clinician
  • Enhancing Early Recognition in Clinical Settings
  • Epidemiological Approach to Biological Event Recognition
  • Epidemiological Clues to Recognition
  • Syndrome-Based Approach to Biological Event Recognition
  • Syndromes Associated With CDC Category A Agents
  • Clinical Presentations for Other Potential Bioterror Agents
  • Laboratory Detection of Biological Events
  • Laboratory Methods for Detection
  • Future Directions for Laboratory Detection Methods
  • Laboratory Response Network
  • Lessons Learned and Future Directions
  • Lessons From the 2014–2015 Ebola Outbreak
  • Future Directions in Biosurveillance
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Internet Activities
  • References
  • 32. Infectious Disease Emergencies - Kristine M. Gebbie and Qureshi Kristine
  • Chapter Overview
  • Infectious Diseases and Emergencies
  • Brief History
  • The Burden of Infectious Disease
  • Factors Contributing to the Spread of Infectious Diseases
  • Immune Status
  • Climate and Weather
  • Climate Change and the Changing Environment
  • Risk Behaviors
  • International Travel and Commerce
  • Diseases of Importance
  • Cholera
  • Dengue Fever
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Influenza
  • Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever
  • Smallpox
  • One Health
  • Future Directions
  • Study Questions
  • References
  • 33. Medical Countermeasures Dispensing - Susan Sullivan and Amanda Fuller Moore
  • Chapter Overview
  • The Division of Strategic National Stockpile
  • The CHEMPACK Program
  • Radiological Countermeasures
  • Shelf Life Extension Program (SLEP)
  • Organizing to Respond
  • Structuring Dispensing Programs
  • Cities Readiness Initiative
  • Medical Countermeasures Planning Elements
  • The Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act
  • Vaccine Storage and Handling
  • Pediatric Countermeasures Planning
  • Cross-Jurisdictional Planning
  • Summary
  • References
  • Case Study 33.1
  • 34. Radiological Incidents and Emergencies - P. Andrew Karam
  • Chapter Overview
  • Radiation Basics
  • Types of Radiation
  • Units of Radiation Dose
  • Background Radiation Exposure
  • Health Effects of Radiation Exposure
  • Acute Exposure to High Doses of Radiation
  • Chronic Exposure to Low Levels of Radiation
  • Reproductive Effects of Radiation Exposure
  • Radiology and the Pregnant Patient
  • Radiological Incidents and Emergencies
  • Samples
  • On-Scene Medical Assistance
  • Caring for Patients Exposed to High Levels of Radiation
  • Clinical Signs of Radiation Exposure
  • Treatment for Patients Exposed to High Levels of Whole-Body Radiation
  • Patient Management—Doses Greater Than 200 rad
  • Caring for Radioactively Contaminated Patients
  • Caring for Patients With Internal Radioactivity
  • Radiological Control Methods
  • Medical Response to Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism
  • Medical Response to RDD (Dirty Bomb)
  • Medical Response to a Radiation-Emitting Device Attack
  • Medical Response to Nuclear Attack
  • Questions to Ask When Receiving and Caring for Radiological Patients
  • About the Incident
  • About the Patient
  • Follow-Up
  • Contents of a Contamination Control Kit
  • Study Questions
  • Internet Activities
  • References
  • 35. Decontamination and Personal Protective Equipment - Tener Goodwin Veenema
  • Chapter Overview
  • Triage of Contaminated Patients in the Field
  • Triage in the Zones of Operation
  • Triage in the Hospital Setting
  • Decontamination for Chemical Warfare Agents
  • Personal Protective Equipment
  • Respirators
  • Patient Decontamination
  • Patient Decontamination in the Field
  • Patient Decontamination in the ED
  • Decontamination Procedures
  • Victim Decontamination
  • Pediatric Considerations
  • Evacuation of the ED
  • Supportive Medical And Nursing Care
  • Seizures
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Hotline/Helpline
  • References
  • Section VI Special Topics in Disasters
  • 36. U.S. National Disaster Nurse Readiness: Practice and Education for a Prepared Workforce - Joanne C. Langan, Anne Griffin, Alicia R. Gable, and Aram Dobalian
  • Chapter Overview
  • Rationale for a Prepared Nursing Workforce
  • Practices of a Prepared Nursing Workforce
  • Educating a Prepared Nursing Workforce
  • Pre-Licensure Disaster Education
  • Post-Licensure Disaster Education
  • Educational Strategies
  • Supporting Evidence-Based Disaster Nursing Practice
  • Society for the Advancement of Disaster Nursing
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • References
  • 37. American Red Cross Disaster Health Services and Disaster Nursing: National Capability—Local Community Impact - Mary Casey-Lockyer, Linda M. MacIntyre, J. Christie Rodgers, and Valerie Cole
  • Chapter Overview
  • Congressional Charter
  • International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
  • American Red Cross Historical Background
  • Overview of American Red Cross Disaster Cycle Services
  • American Red Cross Disaster Partners
  • The National Response Framework (NRF) and the Red Cross
  • The National Emergency Repatriation Plan and the Red Cross
  • The Aviation Disaster Family Assistance Act and the Red Cross
  • American Red Cross at the Local, Regional, and National Levels
  • Red Cross Nursing
  • Office of the Chief Nurse and Red Cross Nursing
  • Role of the American Red Cross Nurse During a Disaster
  • Functional Needs Support Services in Shelters
  • Disaster Health Services
  • Red Cross Disaster Health Services
  • Disaster Health Services Team
  • Assignment Settings
  • Disaster Mental Health
  • Disaster Mental Health Volunteer Eligibility
  • Assumptions of Disaster Mental Health Services
  • Disaster Mental Health Response
  • More About the 3R's
  • Staff Mental Health
  • Staff Wellness
  • What They Do
  • Shelter Nursing—The Art of Disaster Care
  • Disaster Health Services Competencies
  • Red Cross Disaster Health Services in Shelter Operations
  • Providing Disaster Health Services in the Shelter Environment Toolkit
  • Summary
  • References
  • 38. Directions for Disaster Nursing Research and Development - Janice B. Griffin Agazio, Lynn A. Slepski, Roberta Proffitt Lavin, Mary Pat Couig, Kandra Strauss-Riggs, and Richard Ricciardi
  • Chapter Overview
  • Conceptual Frameworks for Disaster Nursing Research
  • Assumptions of the Haddon Matrix
  • Concepts
  • Relationships Among the Concepts
  • Crisis Conceptual Nursing Model
  • Assumptions
  • Concepts
  • Relationships Among the Concepts
  • Merits of Models
  • Haddon Matrix
  • Crisis Conceptual Nursing Model
  • Implications for Using Models for Disaster Nursing Research
  • Complexities Conducting Disaster Research
  • Study Design
  • Future Nursing Research Agenda and Policy Implications
  • Policy Considerations
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Internet Activities
  • References
  • Case Study 38.1
  • Case Study 38.2
  • 39. Improving Children's Health Outcomes Through Pediatric Disaster Research and Policy - Janice B. Griffin Agazio
  • Chapter Overview
  • Why Are Children's Responses Different From Adults in Disasters?
  • Researching Children Experiencing Disasters
  • Children's Reactions to Disaster
  • Parental Influences on Children's Reactions to Disasters
  • Research-Based Interventions With Children Exposed to Disasters
  • Pediatric Perspectives on Disaster Preparations
  • Summary
  • References
  • 40. Information Technology in Disaster Management - Adam B. Rains
  • Chapter Overview
  • Information and Disaster Management
  • Telecommunications
  • Alerting and Warning Technology
  • Direct and Remote Sensing
  • Information Management and Processing
  • Logistics and Resource Management
  • Decision Support Systems
  • Early Warning Systems
  • Telemedicine
  • The Internet as a Disaster Management Resource
  • Summary
  • References
  • Epilogue Disaster Recovery: Creating Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters
  • Appendix I At-A-Glance: Capability Definitions, Functions, and Associated Performance Measures
  • Appendix II Sequence for Putting on Personal Protective Equipment
  • Appendix III Glossary of Terms Commonly Used in Disaster Preparedness and Response
  • Appendix IV Creating a Personal Disaster Plan
  • Appendix V CDC's Public Health Emergency Preparedness Program: Every Response is Local
  • Appendix VI Radiation Infographics