Disaster Nursing and Emergency Preparedness
Disaster Nursing and Emergency Preparedness
Editor/Author
Veenema, Tener Goodman
Publication Year: 2018
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Single-User Purchase Price:
$150.00

Unlimited-User Purchase Price:
$225.00
ISBN: 978-0-8261-4422-5
Category: Health & Medicine - Nursing
Image Count:
148
Book Status: Available
Table of Contents
This impressive edition builds upon the solid foundation of the first three award-winning editions with an expanded focus on climate change related disasters, globalization and its implications for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, the accommodation of high-risk, high-vulnerability populations, and the potential for disaster arising from a world witnessing increasing community violence and civil unrest.
This book is found in the following Credo Collections:
Table of Contents
- Contributors
- Reviewers
- Foreword - Frederick M. Burkle Jr., MD, MPH, DTM, PhD(Hon.), FAAP, FACEP
- Foreword - Patricia M. Davidson, PhD, MED, RN, FAAN
- Foreword - Loretta C. Ford, RN, PNP, EdD
- Preface
- How to Use this Book
- Editor's Note
- Section I Disaster Preparedness
- 1. Essentials of Disaster Planning - Tener Goodwin Veenema
- Chapter Overview
- Definition and Classification of Disasters
- Declaration of a Disaster
- Health Effects of Disasters
- The Disaster Continuum
- Disaster Planning
- All Hazards Disaster Planning
- Disaster Planning and Public Health Preparedness
- Hazard Identification, Vulnerability Analysis, and Risk Assessment
- Evaluating Capacity to Respond
- Core Preparedness Activities
- Evaluation of a Disaster Plan
- Situations Suggestive of an Increased Need for Planning
- Megacities
- Disasters Within Hospitals and Healthcare Settings
- Pandemics
- Hazardous Materials Disaster Planning
- Professional Nursing Mandate
- Summary
- Study Questions
- References
- 2. Leadership and Coordination in Disaster Healthcare Systems: The U.S. National Preparedness System - Lynn A. Slepski, Mary Pat Couig, Roberta Proffitt Lavin, Susan M. Orsega, and Tener Goodwin Veenema
- Chapter Overview
- Federal Preparedness Planning and Emergency Response
- National Planning Frameworks
- National Response Framework
- The NRF As It Relates to the NIMS
- Implementation of the NRF
- Roles and Responsibilities
- ESF-8: Public Health and Medical Services
- Federal Definition of a Disaster Condition
- NRF Considerations
- Federal Medical Response Resources
- Federal Medical Stations
- Medical Response Actions
- Assessment of Health/Medical Needs
- Health Surveillance
- Medical Care Personnel
- Health/Medical Equipment and Supplies
- Patient Evacuation
- In-Hospital Care
- Food/Drug/Medical Device Safety
- Worker Safety
- Radiological/Chemical/Biological Hazards Consultation
- Mental Healthcare
- Public Health Information
- Vector Control
- Potable Water/Waste Water and Solid Waste Disposal
- Victim Identification/Mortuary Services
- Veterinary Services
- A Blueprint for the Future for Disaster Nursing
- Leadership
- All Disasters Are Local
- Crisis Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations
- Resources for Disaster Planning
- Summary
- Study Questions
- References
- 3. Hospital and Emergency Department Preparedness - David Markenson and Sarah Lynn-Andrews Losinski
- Chapter Overview
- Hospital Preparedness
- Hazard Vulnerability Analyses
- The Hospital Emergency Management Committee
- Alliance Building and Community-Based Planning
- Hospital Preparedness for Children
- Phases of Emergency Planning
- Mitigation Measures
- Preparedness Efforts
- The Response Phase
- The Recovery Function
- Disaster Standards of Care
- Hospital Disaster Planning
- Surge Capacity
- Staffing
- Credentialing
- Stockpiling and Logistics
- Resource Inventories
- Security Issues
- HAZMAT/CBRNE Readiness
- Collaboration and Integration With Public Health
- Equipment and Supplies
- Utilities
- Facility Evacuation
- Drills and Exercises
- ED Disaster Operations
- Trauma Centers
- Alternate Care Sites
- Incident Command System
- Management of a Mass Casualty Situation
- Initial Evolvement of MCI
- Casualties Flow to the Hospital
- Casualties Flow Within the Hospital
- Patient Triage
- Principles of Initial Hospital Management
- Use of Radiology
- Operating Room
- Secondary Transport
- Reassessment Phase
- Communication and Manpower Control
- Information Center and Public Relations
- Communication and Information Technology Issues
- Hospital-Based Decontamination and Pediatric Considerations
- Summary
- Study Questions
- References
- 4. Emergency Health Services in Disasters and Public Health Emergencies - Jeremy T. Cushman, Manish N. Shah, and Mahshid Abir
- Chapter Overview
- The EHS System
- EHS Components
- Standard Operation of EHS
- Current State of EHS
- Major EHS Concepts Associated With Disasters
- Resources for the EHS System
- Regional and Federal Assets
- Patients’ Access to EHS During a Disaster
- Major EHS Issues
- System Survey
- Resource Availability
- Communication and Coordination
- How to Deal With the Influx
- Summary
- Critical Actions
- Study Questions
- References
- 5. Emergency Medical Consequence Planning for Special Events, Mass Gatherings, and Mass Casualty Incidents - Tener Goodwin Veenema, Paul Arbon, and Alison Hutton
- Chapter Overview
- Mass Gatherings and Special Events
- Healthcare Emergency Management
- Emergency Medical Consequence Planning
- Guidelines
- Goals of Emergency Care at Mass Gatherings
- Predicting Patient Presentation Rates
- Event Type
- Weather
- Heat
- Heat Rash
- Heat Cramps
- Heat Syncope
- Heat Exhaustion
- Heat Stroke
- Cold
- Frostnip
- Frostbite
- Hypothermia
- Event Duration
- Characteristics of the Crowd
- Crowd Density
- Crowd Mood
- Alcohol and Drug Usage
- Medical Aid Stations
- Transportation Considerations
- Communication Systems
- Staffing
- Documentation
- Mass Casualty Incidents
- Practice Parameters for Nursing Care
- Nursing Assessments
- Nursing Therapeutics and Core Competencies
- Summary
- Study Questions
- References
- Appendix 5.1 No-Notice Incidents: Hospital Triage, Intake, and Throughput
- 6. Legal and Ethical Issues in Disaster Response - Eileen M. Amari-Vaught, Marilyn Pesto, and Kevin D. Hart
- Chapter Overview
- Legal and Ethical Framework and Background
- Introduction to the Legal System
- Effect of Law on Nursing Professionals
- Relationship Between Ethical and Legal Obligations
- Proposed Model State Acts
- The Role of Government in a Public Health Crisis
- Local Government
- State Government
- Federal Government
- Law and Ethics
- Specific Legal and Ethical Issues
- Privacy Issues
- Reporting of Diseases
- Disclosure of Health Information
- Quarantine, Isolation, and Civil Commitment
- Vaccination
- Treatment for Diseases
- Screening and Testing
- Professional Licensing
- Resource Allocation
- Professional Liability
- Provision of Adequate Care
- Selected Ethical Issues
- Summary
- Study Questions
- References
- Section II Disaster Mental Health and High-Vulnerability Populations
- 7. Identifying and Accommodating High-Risk, High-Vulnerability Populations in Disasters - Elizabeth A. Davis, Rebecca Hansen, Lori Peek, Brenda Phillips, and Sarah Tuneberg
- Chapter Overview
- Defining and Understanding Vulnerability
- Models for Understanding Vulnerability
- Medical Model
- Functional Model
- Application
- Understanding Vulnerability Systematically as a Basis for Intervention
- Using an Equity and Empowerment Lens
- The Life Cycle of Disasters
- Preparedness
- Response
- Response Activities
- Recovery
- Recovery Programs
- Mitigation
- Guiding Principles
- Conditions Fostering Change
- Examples Organized Around the Ecosystem Model
- Microlevel Example: Personal Preparedness
- Meso-Level Example: Safe Centers in Alabama
- Exo-Level Example: FEMA Trailers and Housing Policy
- Macro-Level Example: Muslim Americans—Targeting and Tolerance after 9/11
- Summary
- References
- Additional Resources
- Case Study 7.1
- Case Study 7.2
- Case Study 7.3
- Appendix 7.1 The Post-Disaster Personal Assessment Tool
- Appendix 7.2 Think Before You Speak or Write: Polite Communication
- 8. Human Services in Disasters and Public Health Emergencies: Social Disruption, Individual Empowerment, and Community Resilience - Juliana Sadovich and Jonathan D. White
- Chapter Overview
- Human Services “Under Clear Skies”
- Human Security
- What Is Social Well-Being?
- Empowerment
- Human Services in Disaster Response and Recovery
- Theories Supporting the Role of Nurses in Human Services
- The Role of Nurses in Human Services
- Case Management in Disasters
- Summary
- Study Questions
- References
- Case Study 8.1
- 9. Understanding the Psychosocial Impact of Disasters - Susan M. S. Carlson, Plum Kathleen Coyne, and Elizabeth C. Meeker
- Chapter Overview
- Bioterrorism and Toxic Exposures
- Community Impact and Resource Assessment
- Normal Reactions to Abnormal Events
- Resiliency in the Face of Disaster
- Special Needs Popluations
- Children and Youth
- Older Adults
- The Seriously Mentally Ill
- Cultural and Ethnic Subgroups
- Disaster Relief Personnel
- Community Reactions and Responses
- Mourning, Milestones, and Anniversaries
- Summary
- Study Questions
- Internet Activities
- Useful Links
- References
- Case Study 9.1
- Case Study 9.2
- 10. Management of the Psychosocial Effects of Disasters - Susan M. S. Carlson, Elizabeth C. Meeker, Plum Kathleen Coyne, and Tener Goodwin Veenema
- Chapter Overview
- The Mental Health Response Team
- Recruitment, Screening, and Training
- Disaster Mental Health Interventions
- Psychological First Aid
- Crisis Intervention
- Social Support
- Psychological Triage
- Mental Health Referrals
- Acute Stress Disorder
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
- PTSD in Children
- Interventions With Special Populations
- Children and Youth
- Children's Disaster Mental Health Concept of Operations Model
- Older Adults
- Individuals With Mental Illness
- Cultural, Ethnic, and Religious Subgroups
- Disaster Relief Personnel
- Fatigue Management
- When Grief and Stress Go Awry
- Traumatic Grief (Complicated Bereavement)
- Evidence-Based Practices in the Treatment of ASD and PTSD
- Utilizing Technology as an Adjunct to Intervention and Treatment
- Critical Incident Stress Management
- The Debriefing Controversy
- Summary
- Study Questions
- Internet Activities
- Useful Links
- References
- 11. Unique Needs of Children During Disasters and Other Public Health Emergencies - Michael Beach and Patricia Frost
- Chapter Overview
- Epidemiology of Pediatric Injuries and Illnesses During Disasters and Public Health Emergencies
- Natural Disasters
- Public Health Emergencies
- Acts of Terrorism
- Acts of War
- Physiological Considerations in Pediatric Care Following a Disaster or Public Health Emergency
- Pulmonary
- Cardiovascular
- Integumentary
- Musculoskeletal
- Cognitive
- Nutritional Requirements
- Genetic
- Immunologic
- Children With Functional and Access Needs
- Psychosocial Considerations in Pediatric Care
- Pediatric Care During Disasters
- Pediatric Disaster Triage
- Prehospital Treatment
- Prehospital Medical Transportation and Evacuation
- Emergency Department Treatment
- Reunification and Family Assistance Planning
- Community Hospital Preparedness
- Care in Shelters
- Care in Refugee Camps and Camps for Displaced Populations
- Long-Term Care Following a Disaster
- Pediatric Care During Public Health Emergencies
- Exposure to Nuclear and Radiological Agents
- Prehospital Treatment
- Emergency Department Treatment
- Exposure to Biological Agents
- Definitive Treatment
- Ethical and Legal Considerations in Pediatric Disaster Care
- Pediatric Death Following Disasters and Public Health Emergencies
- Planning for Disasters—Pediatric-Specific Considerations
- Pediatric Considerations in Healthcare Preparations
- Summary
- Study Questions
- Internet Activities
- Support Preparedness
- References
- 12. Disaster Nursing in Schools and Other Community Congregate Child Care Settings - Cheryl K. Schmidt, Devin Terry, Dona M. Friend, Shannon Finley, Joy Jennings, Susan Ritchie, Kelly Betts, and Jody Bryant
- Chapter Overview
- Growth and Developmental/Cognitive Considerations
- Elementary and Secondary Schools
- Child Welfare Agencies
- Juvenile Justice and Residential Settings
- Child Care Settings
- Universities/Colleges
- Churches/Parishes
- Legislation
- Summary
- Study Questions
- Internet Activities
- References
- Appendix 12.1 Index to Recommendations and Responsible Entities
- 13. Care of the Pregnant Woman and Newborn Following a Disaster - Kathleen Capitulo and Robbie Preppas
- Chapter Overview
- Physiology of Normal Pregnancy
- Pregnancy During Disaster Conditions
- Complications of Pregnancy
- Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension, and Eclampsia
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Bleeding and Blood Disorders
- Blood Disorders
- Other Medical Conditions in Pregnancy Occurring During a Disaster
- Assessment of the Pregnant Woman and Baby
- Cardiovascular System
- Childbirth During Disasters
- Stages of Childbirth
- Complications of Labor and Delivery: Malpresentation
- Care of the Umbilical Cord
- Physiology of Postpartum Mother and Newborn
- Special Assessment/Conditions of the Newborn
- Postpartum Management in Disasters
- Special Considerations for Mother and Baby in Disasters
- Infections and Communicable Diseases
- Special Infectious Disease Considerations
- Environmental Cleanliness and Sanitation
- Bioterrorism
- Trauma in Pregnancy
- Performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
- Breastfeeding and Infant Nutrition
- Breastfeeding Challenges
- Relactation
- Lack of Food, Malnutrition, and Starvation
- Crisis Conditions Associated With Pregnancy
- Hemorrhage
- Infections in Postpartum and Lactating Women During Disasters
- HIV—AIDS
- Zika Virus
- Ebola Virus Disease
- Shelters and Practical Considerations for Austere Environments
- Death of the Mother or Infant—Bereavement Concerns and Interventions
- Maternal Death
- Perinatal Death
- Healing Professional Interventions in Maternal/Perinatal Bereavement
- Returning Home Safely
- Flood Water in Streets and Buildings
- Toxic Exposures During Pregnancy
- Returning Home
- Risk of Violence, Abuse, Slavery, and Human Trafficking
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
- Summary
- References
- Appendix 13.1 Breastfeeding: A Vital Emergency Response. Are You Ready?
- Section III Global Disasters and Complex Human Emergencies
- 14. Disaster Nursing and the United Nations 2015 Landmark Agreements—A Vital Force for Change in the Field of Disaster Nursing - Rishma Maini, Joanne Bosanquet, and Virginia Murray
- Chapter Overview
- Disasters and Their Impacts
- The 2015 UN Landmark Agreements
- The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
- Roles and Responsibilities of Nurses in Implementing The Sendai Framework
- How Can Nurses Actively Engage in and Lead on Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Risk-Management Policy Nationally and Globally?
- Nurses Engaging and Leading Nationally
- Nurses Engaging and Leading Globally
- Role of the World Health Organization
- Who Collaborating Centers
- Summary
- Study Questions
- Acknowledgments
- Useful Links
- References
- 15. Complex Humanitarian Emergencies - Frederick M. Burkle, Jr.
- Chapter Overview
- Defining Ches
- Conventional Warfare
- Unconventional Warfare
- Major Characteristics
- International Response
- Measuring the Human Cost
- Assessments, Data Collection, and Analysis
- Direct Indices
- Indirect Indices
- Epidemiological Models
- Developing Country Health Profiles
- Developing Country Health Profiles
- Chronic/Smoldering Country Health Profiles
- Postconflict Phase Consequences
- Shifting Aid From Rural to Urban Environments
- Future Complex Humanitarian Emergencies
- Professionalization of the Humanitarian Workforce
- Summary
- Study Questions
- References
- Additional Resources
- 16. Nursing in Disasters, Catastrophes, and Complex Humanitarian Emergencies Worldwide - Patrick Deeny and Kevin Davies
- Chapter Overview
- Scale of Disasters Worldwide
- Growth of Aid Agencies and Contribution of Nursing
- Development of an International Workforce
- Ethical Issues in Disaster Nursing
- Communication and Transport as Obstacles to Aid Relief
- Care of Displaced Persons and Refugees
- Summary
- Study Questions
- References
- 17. Natural Disasters - Tener Goodwin Veenema, Andrew Corley, and Clifton P. Thornton
- Chapter Overview
- Types and Consequences of Natural and Environmental Disasters
- Severity of Damage
- Trends in Natural Disaster
- Cyclones, Hurricanes, and Typhoons
- Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
- Drought
- Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
- Earthquake
- Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
- Prevention/Mitigation
- Epidemics
- Flood
- Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
- Heat Wave
- Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
- Prevention
- Tornado
- Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
- Prevention/Mitigation
- Thunderstorms
- Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
- Tsunamis
- Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
- Volcanic Eruptions
- Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
- Winter/Ice Storms
- Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
- Prevention/Mitigation
- Wildfires
- Risk of Morbidity and Mortality
- Prevention/Mitigation
- Summary
- Study Questions
- Internet Activities
- References
- Case Study 17.1
- Case Study 17.2
- Case Study 17.3
- 18. Environmental Disasters and Emergencies - Tener Goodwin Veenema, Clifton P. Thornton, and Andrew Corley
- Chapter Overview
- Environmental Emergencies
- Environmental Disasters
- Environmental Public Health Tracking: Protecting Communities Through Integrated Environmental Public Health Surveillance
- Environmental Protection Agency
- CDC National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network
- Examples of Environmental Hazards and Their Impact
- Air Pollutants
- Chemical Spills
- Risk Management Program Rule (40 CFR 68)
- Land, Waste, and Brownfields
- Mold
- Oil Spills
- Unconventional Gas and Oil Production
- Pesticides
- Radiation Release and Contamination
- Water
- Pharmaceuticals
- Summary
- Study Questions
- Internet Activities
- References
- Case Study 18.1
- Case Study 18.2
- Case Study 18.3
- Case Study 18.4
- Case Study 18.5
- Case Study 18.6
- Case Study 18.7
- 19. Restoring Public Health Under Disaster Conditions: Basic Sanitation, Water and Food Supply, and Shelter - Mary Pat Couig, Tener Goodwin Veenema, and Adam B. Rains
- Chapter Overview
- Basic Public Health Functions
- Health Promotion
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- Risk Factors for Infectious Disease Outbreaks From Disasters
- Rapid Assessment of Population Health Needs
- The Role of the Public Health Nurse Following a Disaster
- The Sphere Project
- Vulnerabilities and Capacities of Disaster-Affected Populations
- Water
- Sanitation
- Access to Toilets
- Design of Toilets
- Foodborne Illness
- Food Safety
- Magnitude of Foodborne Illness
- Major Foodborne Diseases From Microorganisms
- Foodborne Illness Investigation
- Challenges in Food Safety
- Food Safety Is Essential for Disease Prevention in the Aftermath of a Disaster
- Shelter From the Elements
- Personal Hygiene
- Vector Control
- Methods of Vector Control
- Restoration of Electrical Power
- Summary
- Study Questions
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Appendix 19.1 Ten Essential Functions of Public Health
- 20. The Role of the Public Health Nurse in Disaster Response - Janice Springer
- Chapter Overview
- The Unique Contribution of the PHN
- Historical Perspective
- Emerging Roles
- Role of the PHN in a Disaster
- ESF-6 Mass Care
- ESF-8 Public Health and Medical Services
- Role of the PHN in Prevention and Health Education
- Families
- Community Groups
- Primary and Secondary Schools
- Faith-Based Groups
- Correctional Institutions
- Vulnerable Populations
- Postdisaster Assistance
- Care of the Caregiver
- Role of the PHN in a Biological Event
- Role of the PHN in Infectious Disease Emergencies
- Role of the PHN in Medical Countermeasure Dispensing
- Role of the PHN in a Chemical Disaster
- Role of the PHN in a Radiological Event
- Role of the PHN on a Multidisciplinary Response Team
- Summary
- Study Questions
- References
- 21. Climate Change and Health: the Nurse's Role in Policy and Practice - Karen Levin and Thomas Chandler
- Chapter Overview
- Physical Drivers of Climate Change
- Selected Health Outcomes
- Extreme Weather Events
- Thermal Extremes (Heat and Cold)
- VectorBorne and Zoonotic Diseases
- Food- and Waterborne Diseases
- Vulnerable and Susceptible Populations
- Children
- Elderly
- Urban Poor
- Mental Health
- The Nurse's Role in Climate Change
- What Are Nurses Doing?
- Future Work to Be Done
- Summary
- Study Questions
- Useful Links
- References
- Section IV Disaster Response
- 22. Disaster Triage - Lou E Romig. and E. Brooke Lerner
- Chapter Overview
- Basic Principles of Disaster Triage
- Phases of Disaster Triage: From the Field to the Hospital
- Basic Differences Between Daily Triage and Disaster Triage at the Hospital
- Daily Triage in the Hospital Setting
- In-Hospital Triage Systems for Daily Operations
- Disaster Triage in the Hospital Setting
- Prehospital Disaster Triage
- SALT Triage
- Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment
- JumpSTART
- Triage Tags
- The Job of the Triage Officer
- Disaster Triage for Hazardous Material Disasters
- Summary
- Study Questions
- References
- 23. Disaster Management - Kristine M. Gebbie and Kristine Qureshi
- Chapter Overview
- Classifications of Disasters
- Internal Disaster
- External Disaster
- Combined External/Internal Disaster
- The Role of Leadership
- The Disaster Management Process
- Preparedness/Risk Assessment
- Mitigation
- Response
- Infrastructure
- Staff Competency
- The Plan
- Relationships and Partnerships
- Introduction to Hospital Incident Command System
- HICS Structure
- Specific HICS Functional Roles
- HICS Updates and Coalition Building
- Communication During an Emergency Event
- Adapting Care to the Context
- Recovery
- Evaluation and Follow-Through
- Summary
- Study Questions
- Useful Links
- References
- 24. Public Health Emergencies Involving Community Violence and Civil Unrest: Taking Planned Action - Roberta Proffitt Lavin, Wilma J. Calvert, Sue Anne Bell, Shelia R Grigsby, and Anne F. Fish
- Chapter Overview
- Civil Unrest
- Ferguson, MO
- Social Issues as Foundational Elements in Civil Unrest
- Active Shooter
- Types of Active Shooters
- Active Shooter
- Mass Shooting
- Mass Killings
- Terrorism
- Active Shooter Incidents in the Healthcare Setting
- Mitigation and Preparedness
- Response
- Active Shooter Management in the Prehospital Setting
- Recovery
- Community Resilience
- Mental Health Support
- Ethics
- Considerations for Nurses in Mass Shootings
- Considerations for Nurses in Civil Unrest
- Summary
- Study Questions
- Useful Links
- References
- 25. Management of Burn Mass Casualty Incidents - Lisa Pruett
- Chapter Overview
- Preparedness/Planning
- Mitigation
- Response
- Burn Triage in MCIs
- Pathophysiology of Burn Injury
- Management of a Mass Casualty Burn Patient
- Primary Survey
- Secondary Survey
- Burn Wound Care
- Pain Control
- Special Topics
- Recovery
- Evaluation
- Summary
- Acknowledgments
- Study Questions
- References
- Case Study 25.1
- Case Study 25.2
- Case Study 25.3
- 26. Traumatic Injury Due to Explosives and Blast Effects - Tara L. Sacco
- Chapter Overview
- Explosives: Classification and Physics
- Mechanisms and Patterns of Injury
- Blast Injuries and Clinical Care of Survivors
- Traumatic Brain Injury
- Ear Injury
- Eye Injury
- Pulmonary Injury
- Cardiovascular Injury
- Abdominal Injury
- Musculoskeletal Injury
- Military and Civilian Casualties
- Extremes of Ages and Pregnancy
- Event Management
- Summary
- Study Questions
- References
- Case Study 26.1
- Case Study 26.2
- 27. Caring for Patients With HIV Following a Disaster - Susan Michaels-Strasser, Juliana Soares Linn,
- Chapter Overview
- The Sphere Project and Minimum Standards
- Reproductive Health and Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- Disasters and Disruption of the Social Fabric of Communities
- Sexual and Gender-Based Violence
- Reduced Access to Preventive Health Services
- Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Disaster Preparedness Continuum
- Primary Prevention
- Prevention of Disease Transmission
- Blood Donations and Transfusions
- Secondary Prevention—Securing Essential Drugs for HIV-Positive People
- Practical Considerations for Nurse Safety
- Identifying Patients in Need
- Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission
- Access and Adherence to ART
- Differentiated Service Delivery
- Clinical Considerations in Caring for Patients With HIV and AIDS
- Special Considerations in Children and Pregnant Women
- Nursing Care Guidelines
- Nutrition, Hygiene, and Sanitation
- Drug Supplies and Drug Dumping
- Psychological Considerations of Caring for Patients With HIV
- Summary
- References
- Case Study 27.1
- Case Study 27.2
- Section V Disaster Caused by Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Agents
- 28. Biological and Chemical Terrorism: A Unique Threat - Eric Croddy and Ackerman Gary
- Chapter Overview
- Chemical Terrorism and Bioterrorism Defined
- Chemical and Biological Agents: Quick Definitions
- Why Would Terrorists Use Chemical or Biological Agents?
- Disinformation or Hoaxes
- How Might the Choice of CB Weapons Differ Between Military and Terrorist Use?
- Some Unique Aspects of a Chemical or Biological Terrorist Incident
- What Are the Real Risks of Chemical Terrorism/Bioterrorism?
- Chemical Terrorism
- Delivery of Chemical Agents
- Nerve Agents
- Blood Agents
- Lung Irritants
- Vesicants
- Psychoincapacitants
- Pesticides
- Effects of Chemical Terrorism
- Chemical Contamination of Water, Food, Beverages, and Consumer Products
- Challenges Posed by a Chemical Terrorist Attack
- Bioterrorism
- Bioterrorism and Delivery of BW Agents
- What Agents Might the Bioterrorist Use?
- Smallpox
- Sabotage (Food and Water Contamination) Threats
- Challenges Posed by Bioterrorism
- Case Examples
- The Rajneeshees
- Aum Shinrikyo
- The 2001 Anthrax Attacks
- Mass Psychogenic Illness
- Summary
- Study Questions
- References
- 29. Chemical Agents of Concern - Justin K. Loden, Sean J. Kice, and John G. Benitez
- Chapter Overview
- HAZMAT Incidents
- Chemical Agents in the Environment
- HAZMAT Emergency Response
- Detection of Chemical Agents
- Chemical Agents of Concern
- Medical Countermeasures
- Medical Management of HAZMAT Victims
- Primary Assessment and Resuscitation
- Secondary Assessment
- Nerve Agents
- Recognizing Nerve Agents
- Duration/Mortality
- Patient Assessment
- Clinical Diagnostic Tests
- Patient Management
- Treatment
- Vesicating/Blister Agents
- Recognizing Vesicants
- Exposure Types and Onsets
- Treatment
- Duration/Mortality
- Patient Assessment
- Clinical Diagnostic Tests
- Patient Management
- Therapy
- Blood Agents
- Recognizing Tissue (Blood) Agents
- Patient Assessment
- Clinical Diagnostic Tests
- Treatment
- Patient Management
- Therapy
- Pulmonary/Choking Agents
- Recognizing Pulmonary Agents
- Exposure Type(s)/Onset
- Duration/Mortality
- Patient Assessment
- Clinical Diagnostic Tests
- Patient Management
- Therapy/Antidote
- Treatment
- Riot Control Agents
- Recognizing Riot Control Agents
- Treatment
- Duration/Mortality
- Patient Assessment
- Emergency Department Procedures in Chemical Hazard Emergencies
- Summary
- Study Questions
- Internet Activities
- References
- Case Study 29.1
- Case Study 29.2
- 30. Biological Agents of Concern - David C. Pigott, Ziad N. Kazzi, and Sarah D. Nafziger
- Chapter Overview
- Classification of Biological Agents of Concern
- Category A Agents
- Category B Agents
- Category C Agents
- Biosafety Laboratory Classification
- Anthrax
- History
- Epidemiology
- Classification and Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Biosafety Issues, Protection, and Isolation
- Public Health Implications
- Vaccination and Postexposure Prophylaxis
- Treatment
- Botulism
- History
- Epidemiology
- Classification and Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Laboratory Issues, Protection, and Isolation
- Public Health Implications
- Vaccination and Postexposure Prophylaxis
- Treatment
- Plague
- History
- Epidemiology
- Classification and Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Biosafety Issues, Protection, and Isolation
- Public Health Implications
- Vaccination and Postexposure Prophylaxis
- Treatment
- Tularemia
- History
- Epidemiology
- Classification and Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Biosafety Issues, Protection, and Isolation
- Public Health Implications
- Vaccination and Postexposure Prophylaxis
- Treatment
- Smallpox
- History
- Epidemiology
- Classification and Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Biosafety Issues, Protection, and Isolation
- Public Health Implications
- Vaccination and Postexposure Prophylaxis
- Treatment
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
- Epidemiology
- Classification and Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Biosafety Issues, Protection, and Isolation
- Public Health Implications
- Vaccination and Postexposure Prophylaxis
- Treatment
- Summary
- Study Questions
- References
- 31. Surveillance Systems for Detection of Biological Events - Erica Rihl Pryor
- Chapter Overview
- Background
- How Is Disease Occurrence Measured?
- What Is Public Health Surveillance?
- Data Collection
- Data Analysis and Interpretation
- Data Dissemination
- What Types of Systems Are Used to Collect Surveillance Data?
- Public Health Surveillance System Example: Influenza in the United States
- Other Infectious Disease Surveillance Systems
- What Are the Roles of State and Local Health Departments in Disease Surveillance Systems?
- What Is the Role of Clinicians in Infectious Disease Surveillance?
- What Is Biosurveillance?
- Syndromic Surveillance
- Internet-Based Surveillance Systems
- Surveillance Partners
- What Is the Role of Animal Surveillance Systems?
- How Do Emergency Information Systems Fit Into a Biosurveillance System?
- Early Recognition and Detection of Biological Events: Role of the Clinician
- Enhancing Early Recognition in Clinical Settings
- Epidemiological Approach to Biological Event Recognition
- Epidemiological Clues to Recognition
- Syndrome-Based Approach to Biological Event Recognition
- Syndromes Associated With CDC Category A Agents
- Clinical Presentations for Other Potential Bioterror Agents
- Laboratory Detection of Biological Events
- Laboratory Methods for Detection
- Future Directions for Laboratory Detection Methods
- Laboratory Response Network
- Lessons Learned and Future Directions
- Lessons From the 2014–2015 Ebola Outbreak
- Future Directions in Biosurveillance
- Summary
- Study Questions
- Internet Activities
- References
- 32. Infectious Disease Emergencies - Kristine M. Gebbie and Qureshi Kristine
- Chapter Overview
- Infectious Diseases and Emergencies
- Brief History
- The Burden of Infectious Disease
- Factors Contributing to the Spread of Infectious Diseases
- Immune Status
- Climate and Weather
- Climate Change and the Changing Environment
- Risk Behaviors
- International Travel and Commerce
- Diseases of Importance
- Cholera
- Dengue Fever
- HIV/AIDS
- Influenza
- Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever
- Smallpox
- One Health
- Future Directions
- Study Questions
- References
- 33. Medical Countermeasures Dispensing - Susan Sullivan and Amanda Fuller Moore
- Chapter Overview
- The Division of Strategic National Stockpile
- The CHEMPACK Program
- Radiological Countermeasures
- Shelf Life Extension Program (SLEP)
- Organizing to Respond
- Structuring Dispensing Programs
- Cities Readiness Initiative
- Medical Countermeasures Planning Elements
- The Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act
- Vaccine Storage and Handling
- Pediatric Countermeasures Planning
- Cross-Jurisdictional Planning
- Summary
- References
- Case Study 33.1
- 34. Radiological Incidents and Emergencies - P. Andrew Karam
- Chapter Overview
- Radiation Basics
- Types of Radiation
- Units of Radiation Dose
- Background Radiation Exposure
- Health Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Acute Exposure to High Doses of Radiation
- Chronic Exposure to Low Levels of Radiation
- Reproductive Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Radiology and the Pregnant Patient
- Radiological Incidents and Emergencies
- Samples
- On-Scene Medical Assistance
- Caring for Patients Exposed to High Levels of Radiation
- Clinical Signs of Radiation Exposure
- Treatment for Patients Exposed to High Levels of Whole-Body Radiation
- Patient Management—Doses Greater Than 200 rad
- Caring for Radioactively Contaminated Patients
- Caring for Patients With Internal Radioactivity
- Radiological Control Methods
- Medical Response to Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism
- Medical Response to RDD (Dirty Bomb)
- Medical Response to a Radiation-Emitting Device Attack
- Medical Response to Nuclear Attack
- Questions to Ask When Receiving and Caring for Radiological Patients
- About the Incident
- About the Patient
- Follow-Up
- Contents of a Contamination Control Kit
- Study Questions
- Internet Activities
- References
- 35. Decontamination and Personal Protective Equipment - Tener Goodwin Veenema
- Chapter Overview
- Triage of Contaminated Patients in the Field
- Triage in the Zones of Operation
- Triage in the Hospital Setting
- Decontamination for Chemical Warfare Agents
- Personal Protective Equipment
- Respirators
- Patient Decontamination
- Patient Decontamination in the Field
- Patient Decontamination in the ED
- Decontamination Procedures
- Victim Decontamination
- Pediatric Considerations
- Evacuation of the ED
- Supportive Medical And Nursing Care
- Seizures
- Summary
- Study Questions
- Hotline/Helpline
- References
- Section VI Special Topics in Disasters
- 36. U.S. National Disaster Nurse Readiness: Practice and Education for a Prepared Workforce - Joanne C. Langan, Anne Griffin, Alicia R. Gable, and Aram Dobalian
- Chapter Overview
- Rationale for a Prepared Nursing Workforce
- Practices of a Prepared Nursing Workforce
- Educating a Prepared Nursing Workforce
- Pre-Licensure Disaster Education
- Post-Licensure Disaster Education
- Educational Strategies
- Supporting Evidence-Based Disaster Nursing Practice
- Society for the Advancement of Disaster Nursing
- Summary
- Study Questions
- References
- 37. American Red Cross Disaster Health Services and Disaster Nursing: National Capability—Local Community Impact - Mary Casey-Lockyer, Linda M. MacIntyre, J. Christie Rodgers, and Valerie Cole
- Chapter Overview
- Congressional Charter
- International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
- American Red Cross Historical Background
- Overview of American Red Cross Disaster Cycle Services
- American Red Cross Disaster Partners
- The National Response Framework (NRF) and the Red Cross
- The National Emergency Repatriation Plan and the Red Cross
- The Aviation Disaster Family Assistance Act and the Red Cross
- American Red Cross at the Local, Regional, and National Levels
- Red Cross Nursing
- Office of the Chief Nurse and Red Cross Nursing
- Role of the American Red Cross Nurse During a Disaster
- Functional Needs Support Services in Shelters
- Disaster Health Services
- Red Cross Disaster Health Services
- Disaster Health Services Team
- Assignment Settings
- Disaster Mental Health
- Disaster Mental Health Volunteer Eligibility
- Assumptions of Disaster Mental Health Services
- Disaster Mental Health Response
- More About the 3R's
- Staff Mental Health
- Staff Wellness
- What They Do
- Shelter Nursing—The Art of Disaster Care
- Disaster Health Services Competencies
- Red Cross Disaster Health Services in Shelter Operations
- Providing Disaster Health Services in the Shelter Environment Toolkit
- Summary
- References
- 38. Directions for Disaster Nursing Research and Development - Janice B. Griffin Agazio, Lynn A. Slepski, Roberta Proffitt Lavin, Mary Pat Couig, Kandra Strauss-Riggs, and Richard Ricciardi
- Chapter Overview
- Conceptual Frameworks for Disaster Nursing Research
- Assumptions of the Haddon Matrix
- Concepts
- Relationships Among the Concepts
- Crisis Conceptual Nursing Model
- Assumptions
- Concepts
- Relationships Among the Concepts
- Merits of Models
- Haddon Matrix
- Crisis Conceptual Nursing Model
- Implications for Using Models for Disaster Nursing Research
- Complexities Conducting Disaster Research
- Study Design
- Future Nursing Research Agenda and Policy Implications
- Policy Considerations
- Summary
- Study Questions
- Internet Activities
- References
- Case Study 38.1
- Case Study 38.2
- 39. Improving Children's Health Outcomes Through Pediatric Disaster Research and Policy - Janice B. Griffin Agazio
- Chapter Overview
- Why Are Children's Responses Different From Adults in Disasters?
- Researching Children Experiencing Disasters
- Children's Reactions to Disaster
- Parental Influences on Children's Reactions to Disasters
- Research-Based Interventions With Children Exposed to Disasters
- Pediatric Perspectives on Disaster Preparations
- Summary
- References
- 40. Information Technology in Disaster Management - Adam B. Rains
- Chapter Overview
- Information and Disaster Management
- Telecommunications
- Alerting and Warning Technology
- Direct and Remote Sensing
- Information Management and Processing
- Logistics and Resource Management
- Decision Support Systems
- Early Warning Systems
- Telemedicine
- The Internet as a Disaster Management Resource
- Summary
- References
- Epilogue Disaster Recovery: Creating Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters
- Appendix I At-A-Glance: Capability Definitions, Functions, and Associated Performance Measures
- Appendix II Sequence for Putting on Personal Protective Equipment
- Appendix III Glossary of Terms Commonly Used in Disaster Preparedness and Response
- Appendix IV Creating a Personal Disaster Plan
- Appendix V CDC's Public Health Emergency Preparedness Program: Every Response is Local
- Appendix VI Radiation Infographics