The Wiley Handbook of the Psychology of Mass Shootings gathers together the latest insights from research and practice in one timely and much-needed reference work.

Table of Contents

• List of Tables
• List of Illustrations
• Notes on Contributors
• Preface
• Part I: Background on Mass Shootings
• 1 Challenges to the Empirical Investigation of Mass Shootings
• What Is a Mass Shooting?
• What Are the Outcomes in Studies of the Psychological Effects of Mass Shootings?
• What Processes Link Mass Shootings to Outcomes?
• Challenges in Research Design and Theoretical Development
• Conclusions
• References
• 2 The Patterns and Prevalence of Mass Public Shootings in the United States, 1915–2013
• Mass Public Shooting Dataset
• Mass Public Shootings in Context
• The Prominence of Mass Public Shootings in the Social Construction of Mass Murder
• Trends in the Prevalence of Mass Public Shootings
• The Patterns of Mass Public Shootings
• Conclusion
• References
• 3 Explaining Mass Shootings
• Trends in Mass Shootings
• Characteristics of Mass Shootings
• A Typology of Mass Shootings
• Explaining Multiple Murder
• Discussion and Conclusion
• References
• Part II: The Psychology of Perpetrators
• 4 The Development of Rampage Shooters
• Previous Research on Mass Shooters
• Difficulties in Identifying a Developmental Pathway
• Purported Causal Factors That Are Not Supported
• Conclusion
• References
• 5 Biosocial Perspective of Proactive Aggression
• Biology and Aggression
• Biosocial Model
• Aggression Functional Subtypes: Proactive and Reactive
• Biosocial Perspective and Proactive Aggression
• Mass Shooters and Proactive Aggression: A Biosocial Framework
• Implications
• Conclusions
• References
• 6 The Challenge of Predicting Dangerousness
• Challenge #1: The Question of Dangerousness
• Challenge #2: The Evolution of Violence Prediction
• Challenge #3: Correlates of Dangerousness
• The Challenge Continues
• References
• Part III: The Role of Media in the Aftermath of Mass Shootings
• 7 The Influence of Media on Public Attitudes
• The Role of the Media in Agenda Setting
• Prevalence of Media Coverage of Mass Shootings
• The Gun Control Versus Right to Carry Debate
• Mental Health and Mass Shooters
• Perceptions of Safety and Fear of Crime
• Conclusion
• References
• 8 Social Media and News Coverage as Vicarious Exposure
• Direct Exposure to Trauma
• Indirect Exposure to Trauma or Vicarious Trauma
• Vicarious Exposure to Media Violence
• Media Coverage of Mass Shootings
• What We Know About Vicarious Exposure to Trauma
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgment
• References
• 9 The Role of Technology in Expressions of Grief
• Stress, Dependencies, and Reliance on Media Technology
• Media Use and Trauma: Vicarious Grief and Deleterious Effects
• Social Media as an Alternative to Vicarious Grieving
• Masspersonal Communication and Dialogue
• Conclusions
• References
• 10 The Impact of Journalism on Grieving Communities
• Mediatizing or Stigmatizing?
• Mediatized Grief
• Framing
• The Role of Social Solidarity and How Journalism Affects It
• Media Invading Community
• Contact With Journalists and Survivors’ PTSS
• Impact of News Coverage on PTSS Among Survivors and Surviving Communities
• Conclusions
• References
• Part IV: Psychological Considerations for Impacted Individuals
• 11 Mental Health Outcomes Following Direct Exposure
• State of the Literature
• Definition of Exposure
• Dose-Response Relationship
• Type of Trauma
• Mental Health Outcomes
• Predictors of Mental Health Outcomes
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgment
• References
• 12 Psychosocial Functioning Within Shooting-Affected Communities
• Prevalence of Adjustment Problems in Mass Shooting-Affected Communities
• Predictors of Adjustment Problems Among Individuals Affected by a Mass Shooting
• Improvements in Adjustment Following a Mass Shooting
• Broader Community Changes Following a Mass Shooting
• Conclusions
• References
• 13 Postdisaster Psychopathology Among Rescue Workers Responding to Multiple-Shooting Incidents
• Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusions
• References
• 14 Distress Among Journalists Working the Incidents
• The Assignment
• Long-Term Psychological Impairment in Journalists
• Risk Factors for Psychological Impairment in Journalists
• Resilience in Journalists
• Conclusions
• References
• Part V: Clinical Interventions for Impacted Individuals
• 15 Empirically Based Trauma Therapies
• Prolonged Exposure Therapy
• Cognitive Processing Therapy
• Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
• Detailed Case Example
• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
• Conclusion
• References
• 16 Public Relief Efforts From an International Perspective
• The Terror Killings of July 22, 2011
• Present Chapter
• The Development of Psychosocial Follow-Up for the Bereaved in Norway
• Key Governmental Relief Efforts After the Terror of July 22, 2011
• How Are the Bereaved Today?
• What Will the Future Bring?
• References
• 17 Mental Health Service Utilization Following Mass Shootings
• The Behavioral Model of Health Services
• Factors and Mechanisms That May Confer Barriers to MH Service Use
• Conclusions
• References
• 18 Resiliency and Posttraumatic Growth
• De-Pathologizing Responses to Trauma
• Information-Processing Models of PTSD
• Neurobiology of PTSD
• Recent Developments in “Fear Erasure”: Unknown Implications for Meaning Making and Posttraumatic Growth
• Resilience
• Protective Factors Conferring Resilience
• Resilience as Adaptive Process
• Posttraumatic Growth
• Predictors of Posttraumatic Growth
• Relationship of Posttraumatic Growth to Psychological Outcomes
• Conclusions
• References
• Part VI: Prevention, Ethics, and Future Directions
• 19 Threat Assessment and Violence Prevention
• Basic Principles
• Threat Assessment as a Form of Risk Assessment
• Violence Prevention Versus Prediction
• Applications of Threat Assessment
• Conclusions
• References
• 20 Ethical Conduct of Research in the Aftermath of Mass Shootings
• Overview of General Issues for Victims and Impacted Communities
• Overarching Concerns
• Conclusions
• References
• 21 Future Directions
• What Is Unique About Mass Shootings?
• How Can We Minimize the Impact of Public Mass Shootings?
• How Can We Minimize the Likelihood of Public Mass Shootings?
• References