This book presents a comprehensive overview of the latest scientific knowledge and contemporary theory relating to global climate change and terrestrial invertebrates. Featuring contributions from top international experts, this book explores how changes to invertebrate populations will affect human decision making processes across a number of crucial issues, including agriculture, disease control, conservation planning, and resource allocation.

Table of Contents

• List of Contributors
• Preface
• Chapter 1: Introduction to Global Climate Change and Terrestrial Invertebrates
• 1.1 Background
• 1.2 Predictions for Climate and Atmospheric Change
• 1.3 General Mechanisms for Climate Change Impacts on Invertebrates
• 1.4 Themes of the Book
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Part I: Methods for Studying Invertebrates and Climate Change
• Chapter 2: Using Historical Data for Studying Range Changes
• Summary
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Review of Historical Data Sets on Species' Distributions
• 2.3 Methods for Using Historical Data to Estimate Species' Range Changes
• 2.4 Challenges and Biases in Historical Data
• 2.5 New Ways of Analysing Data and Future Perspectives
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Chapter 3: Experimental Approaches for Assessing Invertebrate Responses to Global Change Factors
• Summary
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Experimental Scale: Reductionist, Holistic and Integrated Approaches
• 3.3 Experimental Design: Statistical Concerns
• 3.4 Experimental Endpoints: Match Metrics to Systems
• 3.5 Experimental Systems: Manipulations From Bottle to Field
• 3.6 Team Science: the Human Dimension
• 3.7 Conclusions
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Chapter 4: Transplant Experiments – a Powerful Method to Study Climate Change Impacts
• Summary
• 4.1 Global Climate Change
• 4.2 Climate Change Impacts on Species
• 4.3 Climate Change Impacts on Communities
• 4.4 Common Approaches to Study Climate Change Impacts
• 4.5 Transplant Experiments – a Powerful Tool to Study Climate Change
• 4.6 Transplant Experiment Trends Using Network Analysis
• 4.7 What's Missing in Our Current Approaches? Next Steps for Implementing Transplant Experiments
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Part II: Friends and Foes: Ecosystem Service Providers and Vectors of Disease
• Chapter 5: Insect Pollinators and Climate Change
• Summary
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 The Pattern: Pollinator Populations and Climate Change
• 5.3 The Process: Direct Effects of Climate Change
• 5.4 The Process: Indirect Effects of Climate Change
• 5.5 Synthesis, and the View Ahead
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Chapter 6: Climate Change Effects on Biological Control in Grasslands
• Summary
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Changes in Plant Biodiversity
• 6.3 Multitrophic Interactions and Food Webs
• 6.4 Greater Exposure to Extreme Events
• 6.5 Range Changes
• 6.6 Greater Exposure to Pest Outbreaks
• 6.7 Non-Target Impacts
• 6.8 Conclusion
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Chapter 7: Climate Change and Arthropod Ectoparasites and Vectors of Veterinary Importance
• Summary
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Parasite–Host Interactions
• 7.3 Evidence of the Impacts of Climate on Ectoparasites and Vectors
• 7.4 Impact of Human Behaviour and Husbandry on Ectoparasitism
• 7.5 Farmer Intervention as a Density-Dependent Process
• 7.6 Predicting Future Impacts of Climate Change on Ectoparasites and Vectors
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Chapter 8: Climate Change and the Biology of Insect Vectors of Human Pathogens
• Summary
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Interaction with Pathogens
• 8.3 Physiology, Development and Phenology
• 8.4 Population Dynamics, Life History and Interactions with Other Vector Species
• 8.5 Case Study of Forecasts for Vector Distribution Under Climate Change: The Altitudinal Range of Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus in Nagasaki, Japan
• 8.6 Vector Ecology and Evolution in Changing Environments
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Chapter 9: Climate and Atmospheric Change Impacts on Aphids as Vectors of Plant Diseases
• Summary
• 9.1 The Disease Pyramid
• 9.2 Interactions with the Pyramid
• 9.3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Part III: Multi-Trophic Interactions and Invertebrate Communities
• Chapter 10: Global Change, Herbivores and Their Natural Enemies
• Summary
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Global Climate Change and Insect Herbivores
• 10.3 Global Climate Change and Natural Enemies of Insect Herbivores
• 10.4 Multiple Abiotic Factors
• 10.5 Conclusions
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Chapter 11: Climate Change in the Underworld: Impacts for Soil-Dwelling Invertebrates
• Summary
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 Effect of Climate Change on Nematodes: Omnipresent Soil Invertebrates
• 11.3 Effect of Climate Change on Insect Root Herbivores, the Grazers of the Dark
• 11.4 Effect of Climate Change on Earthworms: the Crawling Engineers of Soil
• 11.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Chapter 12: Impacts of Atmospheric and Precipitation Change on Aboveground-Belowground Invertebrate Interactions
• Summary
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 Atmospheric Change – Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentrations
• 12.3 Altered Patterns of Precipitation
• 12.4 Conclusions and Future Directions
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Chapter 13: Forest Invertebrate Communities and Atmospheric Change
• Summary
• 13.1 Why Are Forest Invertebrate Communities Important?
• 13.2 Atmospheric Change and Invertebrates
• 13.3 Responses of Forest Invertebrates to Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentrations
• 13.4 Responses of Forest Invertebrates to Elevated Ozone Concentrations
• 13.5 Interactions Between Carbon Dioxide and Ozone
• 13.6 Conclusions and Future Directions
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Chapter 14: Climate Change and Freshwater Invertebrates: Their Role in Reciprocal Freshwater–Terrestrial Resource Fluxes
• Summary
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Climate-Change Effects on Riparian and Shoreline Vegetation
• 14.3 Climate-Change Effects on Runoff of Dissolved Organic Matter
• 14.4 Climate Change Effects on Basal Freshwater Resources Via Modified Terrestrial Inputs
• 14.5 Effects of Altered Terrestrial Resource Fluxes on Freshwater Invertebrates
• 14.6 Direct Effects of Warming on Freshwater Invertebrates
• 14.7 Impacts of Altered Freshwater Invertebrate Emergence on Terrestrial Ecosystems
• 14.8 Conclusions and Research Directions
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Chapter 15: Climatic Impacts on Invertebrates as Food for Vertebrates
• Summary
• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 Changes in the Abundance of Vertebrates
• 15.3 Changes in the Distribution of Vertebrates
• 15.4 Changes in Phenology of Vertebrates, and Their Invertebrate Prey
• 15.5 Conclusions
• 15.6 Postscript: Beyond the Year 2100
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Part IV: Evolution, Intervention and Emerging Perspectives
• Chapter 16: Evolutionary Responses of Invertebrates to Global Climate Change: the Role of Life-History Trade-Offs and Multidecadal Climate Shifts
• Summary
• 16.1 Introduction
• 16.2 Fundamental Trade-Offs Mediating Invertebrate Evolutionary Responses to Global Warming
• 16.3 The Roles of Multi-Annual Extreme Droughts and Multidecadal Shifts in Drought Regimens in Driving Large-Scale Responses of Insect Populations
• 16.4 Conclusions and New Research Directions
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Chapter 17: Conservation of Insects in the Face of Global Climate Change
• Summary
• 17.1 Introduction
• 17.2 Vulnerability Drivers of Insect Species Under Climate Change
• 17.3 Assessment of Insect Species Vulnerability to Climate Change
• 17.4 Management Strategies for Insect Conservation Under Climate Change
• 17.5 Protected Areas and Climate Change
• 17.6 Perspectives on Insect Conservation Facing Climate Change
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Chapter 18: Emerging Issues and Future Perspectives for Global Climate Change and Invertebrates
• 18.1 Preamble
• 18.2 Multiple Organisms, Asynchrony and Adaptation in Climate Change Studies
• 18.3 Multiple Climatic Factors in Research
• 18.4 Research Into Extreme Climatic Events
• 18.5 Climate change and Invertebrate Biosecurity
• 18.6 Concluding Remarks
• References