The Atlas of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology presents an extensive case collection of both common and less common conditions of the jaws and teeth. Focusing on the essentials of radiologic interpretation, this is a go-to companion for clinicians in everyday practice who have radiologically identified a potential abnormality, as well as a comprehensive study guide for students at all levels of dentistry, surgery and radiology.

Table of Contents

• List of Contributors
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• How to Use This Atlas
• CHAPTER 1: Problem Solving Diagrams
• 1.1 Opaque and largely opaque conditions related to the jaws
• 1.2 Lucent lesions of the jaws
• 1.3 Mixed density lesions of the jaws
• CHAPTER 2: Radiological Anatomy
• 2.1 The panoramic radiograph
• 2.2 Identification of teeth – FDI (Fédération Dentaire Internationale) World Dental Federation notation
• 2.3 Cone beam computed tomography
• CHAPTER 3: Anomalies Related to the Teeth
• 3.1 Supernumerary teeth (Figures 3.1–3.5)
• 3.2 Congenital absence (Figures 3.6 and 3.7)
• 3.3 Delayed and early development/eruption
• 3.4 Ectopic development and eruption (Figures 3.8–3.16)
• 3.5 Impaction (Figures 3.17–3.23)
• 3.6 Macrodontia (Figure 3.24)
• 3.7 Microdontia (Figures 3.25–3.27)
• 3.8 Dilaceration (Figure 3.28)
• 3.9 Enamel pearl (Figure 3.29)
• 3.10 Talon cusp (Figure 3.30)
• 3.11 Dens invaginatus (Figures 3.31 and 3.32)
• 3.12 Dens evaginatus (Figure 3.33)
• 3.13 Taurodontism (Figure 3.34)
• 3.14 Fusion (Figures 3.35 and 3.36)
• 3.15 Gemination (Figure 3.37)
• 3.16 Concrescence (Figure 3.38)
• 3.17 Amelogenesis imperfecta (Figure 3.39)
• 3.18 Dentinogenesis imperfecta (Figure 3.40)
• 3.19 Dentin dysplasia (Figures 3.41 and 3.42)
• 3.20 Secondary and tertiary dentin (Figures 3.43 and 3.44)
• 3.21 Pulp stones (Figure 3.45)
• 3.22 Hypercementosis (Figures 3.46 and 3.47; see also Figure 5.39)
• CHAPTER 4: Conditions Related to Loss of Tooth Structure
• 4.1 Caries (Figures 4.1–4.12)
• 4.2 Attrition (Figure 4.13)
• 4.3 Abrasion (Figure 4.14)
• 4.4 Erosion (Figure 4.15)
• 4.5 Internal resorption (Figures 4.16 and 4.17)
• 4.6 External resorption (Figure 4.18; see also Figures 3.9, 3.11, 3.21, 3.23, 5.8, 5.39, 7.13, 7.16–7.18, 8.15, 10.1, 10.5, 10.6, 12.9)
• 4.7 Fracture related to trauma
• CHAPTER 5: Inflammatory Lesions of the Jaws
• 5.1 Periapical inflammatory lesions (Figures 5.1–5.17)
• 5.2 Periodontal inflammatory disease (Figures 5.18–5.34)
• 5.3 Pericoronitis (Figures 5.35–5.39)
• 5.4 Osteomyelitis of the jaws (Figures 5.40–5.42)
• 5.5 Dentoalveolar and jaw infections involving the adjacent soft tissues (Figures 5.43–5.46)
• CHAPTER 6: Osteoradionecrosis and Osteonecrosis of the Jaws
• 6.1 Osteoradionecrosis of the jaws (Figures 6.1–6.6)
• 6.2 Osteonecrosis of the jaws (Figure 6.7)
• CHAPTER 7: Hamartomatous/Hyperplastic Bony Opacities and Prominences Involving the Jaws
• 7.1 Torus palatinus (Figures 7.1 and 7.2)
• 7.2 Torus mandibularis (Figures 7.3 and 7.4)
• 7.3 Exostoses (Figures 7.5–7.7)
• 7.4 Bone island (Figures 7.8–7.19)
• CHAPTER 8: Cysts and Cyst-like Lesions Involving the Jaws
• ODONTOGENIC CYSTS AND CYST-LIKE LESIONS
• 8.1 Radicular cyst (Figures 8.1–8.10)
• 8.2 Residual cyst (Figures 8.11 and 8.12)
• 8.3 Dentigerous cyst (Figures 8.13–8.23)
• 8.4 Buccal bifurcation cyst (Figures 8.24–8.26)
• 8.5 Keratocystic odontogenic tumour (Figures 8.27–8.31)
• 8.6 Basal cell naevus syndrome (Figure 8.32)
• 8.7 Lateral periodontal cyst (Figures 8.33 and 8.34)
• 8.8 Glandular odontogenic cyst (Figure 8.35)
• NON-ODONTOGENIC CYSTS AND CYST-LIKE LESIONS
• 8.9 Simple bone cyst (Figures 8.36–8.45)
• 8.10 Nasopalatine duct cyst (Figures 8.46–8.48)
• 8.11 Nasolabial cyst (Figure 8.49)
• CHAPTER 9: Fibro-osseous Lesions of the Jaws
• 9.1 Fibrous dysplasia (Figures 9.1–9.10; also see Figure 20.17)
• 9.2 Cemento-osseous dysplasia (Figures 9.11–9.21)
• 9.3 Ossifying fibroma (Figures 9.22 and 9.23)
• CHAPTER 10: Benign Tumours Involving the Jaws
• ODONTOGENIC BENIGN TUMOURS
• 10.1 Ameloblastoma (Figures 10.1–10.9)
• 10.2 Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (Figure 10.10)
• 10.3 Odontoma (Figures 10.11–10.14)
• 10.4 Ameloblastic fibroma (Figure 10.15)
• 10.5 Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (Figures 10.16–10.18)
• 10.6 Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (Figure 10.19)
• 10.7 Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour (Figure 10.20)
• 10.8 Odontogenic myxoma (Figures 10.21 and 10.22)
• 10.9 Cementoblastoma (Figure 10.23)
• NON-ODONTOGENIC BENIGN TUMOURS INVOLVING THE JAWS
• 10.10 Osteoma (Figures 10.24–10.29)
• 10.11 Gardner syndrome (Figures 10.30–10.32)
• 10.12 Osteochrondroma
• 10.13 Schwannoma (within the jaws) (Figure 10.33)
• 10.14 Osteoblastoma
• 10.15 Osteoid osteoma (Figure 10.34)
• 10.16 Desmoplastic fibroma (Figure 10.35)
• CHAPTER 11: Malignant Tumours Involving the Jaws
• 11.1 Imaging of malignancies involving the jaws
• 11.2 Radiological features of malignancies involving the jaws (Figures 11.1–11.18)
• 11.3 Features of some malignancies which more commonly involve the jaws
• CHAPTER 12: Vascular Anomalies of the Mid- and Lower Face
• VASCULAR TUMOURS (PROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS)
• 12.1 Haemangioma (Figures 12.1 and 12.2)
• 12.2 Other lesions included in this grouping
• VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS
• 12.3 Low-flow lesions
• 12.4 High-flow lesions
• CHAPTER 13: Other Diseases Affecting the Jaws
• 13.1 Central giant cell granuloma (Figures 13.1–13.5)
• 13.2 Cherubism (Figure 13.6)
• 13.3 Aneurysmal bone cyst (Figure 13.7)
• 13.4 Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Figures 13.8–13.12; see also Figure 20.16)
• 13.5 Paget disease of bone (Figure 13.13; see also Figure 20.18)
• CHAPTER 14: Other Morphological Anomalies Involving the Jaws
• 14.1 Hemimandibular hyperplasia (Figures 14.1–14.3)
• 14.2 Acromegaly
• 14.3 Mandibular and hemimandibular hypoplasia (Figures 14.4–14.6)
• 14.4 Stafne defect (Figures 14.7–14.9)
• 14.5 Cleft lip and palate (Figures 14.10–14.13)
• CHAPTER 15: Other Systemic Disorders that may Involve the Jaws
• 15.1 Osteopenic appearance of the jaws (Figure 15.1)
• 15.2 Increased density of the jaws
• 15.3 Alterations in jaw size
• 15.4 Changes to jaw morphology
• 15.5 Dentoalveolar alterations
• CHAPTER 16: Common Opacities in the Orofacial Soft Tissues
• 16.1 Tonsillar calcifications (Figures 16.1–16.3)
• 16.2 Lymph node calcifications (Figures 16.4–16.6)
• 16.3 Stylohyoid ligamentous ossification (Figures 16.7 and 16.8)
• 16.4 Thyroid and triticeous cartilage calcifications (Figures 16.9–16.11)
• 16.5 Arterial calcifications related to arteriosclerosis (Figures 16.12–16.16)
• 16.6 Phlebolith (see Figure 12.7)
• 16.7 Sialoliths (Figures 16.17–16.22; see also Figures 16.23–16.26)
• 16.8 Paranasal and nasal calcifications (see Figure 19.19)
• 16.9 Myositis ossificans (Figure 16.27)
• CHAPTER 17: Trauma and Fractures
• TEETH AND SUPPORTING STRUCTURES
• 17.1 Subluxation (Figure 17.1; see Figure 17.6)
• 17.2 Luxation (Figures 17.2–17.4)
• 17.3 Avulsion (Figure 17.5)
• 17.4 Fracture of teeth (Figures 17.6–17.13)
• 17.5 Mandibular fractures (Figures 17.15–17.18)
• 17.6 Nasal fracture (Figure 17.19)
• 17.7 Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture (Figure 17.20)
• 17.8 Orbital blow-out fracture (Figure 17.21)
• 17.9 Le Fort fractures
• 17.10 Other complex facial fractures (Figure 17.22)
• CHAPTER 18: Temporomandibular Joints
• 18.1 Imaging the temporomandibular joints
• 18.2 Condylar hyperplasia (Figures 18.1 and 18.2; see also Figures 14.1–14.3 and 15.3)
• 18.3 Coronoid hyperplasia (Figure 18.3)
• 18.4 Condylar hypoplasia (Figures 18.4–18.6)
• 18.5 Bifid condyle (Figure 18.7)
• 18.6 Internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint (Figures 18.8–18.17)
• 18.7 Ganglion cysts (Figures 18.18 and 18.19)
• 18.8 Degenerative joint disease (Figures 18.20–18.30)
• 18.9 Inflammatory and erosive arthropathies (Figures 18.31–18.34)
• 18.10 Osteochrondroma (Figure 18.35)
• 18.11 Malignant tumours (Figures 18.36–18.38; see also Figures 11.3 and 11.4)
• 18.12 Synovial chondromatosis (Figure 18.39)
• 18.13 Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (Figure 18.40)
• 18.14 Ankylosis (Figures 18.41 and 18.42)
• 18.15 Other lesions affecting the temporomandibular joints
• 18.16 Other non-temporomandibular joint conditions contributing to pain/dysfunction in the region of the temporomandibular joint and related structures (Figures 18.43 and 18.44; see also Figures 18.38 and 16.27)
• CHAPTER 19: Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses and Upper Aerodigestive Tract Impressions
• NASAL CAVITY AND PARANASAL SINUSES
• 19.1 Normal variations and developmental anomalies
• 19.2 Odontogenic conditions and dentoalveolar lesions
• 19.3 Findings related to dental procedures
• 19.4 Inflammatory paranasal sinus disease
• 19.5 Neoplastic disease
• PHARYNGEAL AIRWAY IMPRESSIONS
• 19.6 Summary of causes of nasopharyngeal narrowing
• 19.7 Summary of causes of oropharyngeal narrowing
• 19.8 Malignant disease
• 19.9 Benign entities
• 19.10 Inflammatory lesions
• 19.11 Retropharyngeal adenopathy (Figures 19.35 and 19.43b)
• CHAPTER 20: The Skull Base
• CONSTITUTIONAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL VARIATIONS
• 20.1 Ossification of the interclinoid ligaments (Figure 20.1)
• 20.2 Benign notochordal cell tumour (ecchordosis physaliphora) (Figure 20.2)
• 20.3 Persistence of the craniopharyngeal canal (Figure 20.3)
• 20.4 Arrested pneumatisation of the skull base (Figure 20.4)
• 20.5 Meningoencephaloceles (Figure 20.5)
• 20.6 Nasolacrimal duct mucocele (dacryocystocele) (Figure 20.6)
• 20.7 Empty sella syndrome (Figure 20.7)
• LESIONS OF THE SKULL BASE
• 20.8 Pituitary macroadenoma (Figure 20.8)
• 20.9 Clival chordoma (Figure 20.9)
• 20.10 Skull base meningioma (Figures 20.10 and 20.11)
• 20.11 Skull base metastasis (Figure 20.12)
• 20.12 Chondrosarcoma (Figure 20.13; see also Figure 11.12)
• 20.13 Lymphoma (Figure 20.14)
• 20.14 Skull base plasmacytoma/multiple myeloma (Figure 20.15)
• 20.15 Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Figure 20.16)
• 20.16 Fibrous dysplasia (Figure 20.17)
• 20.17 Paget disease (Figure 20.18)
• 20.18 Petrous apex lesions (Figures 20.5 and 20.19–20.22)
• EXPANSION OF SKULL BASE FORAMINA
• 20.19 Nerve sheath tumours (Figure 20.23)
• 20.20 Perineural metastatic disease
• CHAPTER 21: The Cervical Spine
• CONGENITAL VARIATIONS (Figures 21.1–21.5)
• DEGENERATIVE DISEASE
• 21.1 Cervical spondylosis (Figure 21.6)
• 21.2 Diffuse idiopathic hyperostosis (Figure 21.7)
• 21.3 Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (Figure 21.8)
• INFLAMMATORY AND DEPOSITIONAL CONDITIONS
• 21.4 Rheumatoid arthritis (Figure 21.9)
• 21.5 Ankylosing spondylitis (Figure 21.10)
• 21.6 Osteomyelitis/discitis/facetal septic arthritis, including tuberculosis (Figure 21.11)
• TUMOURS AND TUMOUR-LIKE LESIONS
• 21.7 Metastatic tumours (Figure 21.12)
• 21.8 Multiple myeloma
• 21.9 Aneurysmal bone cysts (Figure 21.13)
• 21.10 Peripheral nerve sheath tumours (Figure 21.14)