This volume focuses on the four most influential Islamic authority structures with a visible following among Muslims around the globe. It makes a major contribution to refining our understanding of the plurality of Islamic tradition in contemporary times, helping to counter the dominant narrative of an inevitable clash of civilisations.

Table of Contents

• Preface
• Note on Transliteration
• Glossary
• Introduction Masooda Bano
• Part I al-Azhar University and Mosque Network
• Preface: Al-Azhar University and Mosque Network
• 1. al-Azhar University: A Crisis of Authority Masooda Bano
• 2. History and Continuity: al-Azhar and Egypt Nathan Spannaus
• 3. al-Azhar, Wasaṭīyah, and the Wāqi’ Christopher Pooya Razavian
• Part II Saudi Salafism
• Preface: Saudi Salafism
• 4. Saudi Salafism amid Rapid Social Change Masooda Bano
• 5. Evolution of Saudi Salafism Nathan Spannaus
• 6. Post-Salafism: Salman al-Ouda and Hatim al-Awni Christopher Pooya Razavian
• Part III Deobandi Madrasah Network
• Preface: Deobandi Madrash Network
• 7. The Deobandi Network: Steadfast in Taqlīd Masooda Bano
• 8. Darul Uloom Deoband and South Asian Islam Nathan Spannaus
• 9. Deoband's Conservatism: T he Dār al-Iftā’, Nadwatul Ulama and Muftī Muhammad Taqi Usmani Christopher Pooya Razavian
• Part IV Diyanet
• Preface: Diyanet
• 10. Diyanet: Taking Center Stage Masooda Bano
• 11. Religion in the Service of the State: Diyanet and Republican Turkey Nathan Spannaus
• 12. Turkish Islamic Debates: Diyanet, Hayrettin Karaman, and Recep Şentürk Masooda Bano and Emre Caliskan
• Notes on the Contributors