Encyclopedia of Cancer, Third Edition provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the multiple facets of the disease, including research, treatment and societal impact. This new edition comprises 180 contributions from renown experts who present the latest in Mechanisms, Hallmarks of Cancer, Causes of Cancer, Prevention and Control, Diagnosis and Therapy, Pathology and the Genetics of specific Cancers.

Table of Contents

• Editors in Chief
• Editorial board
• Section Editors
• Subject Classification
• Preface
• Permission Acknowledgments
• A
• Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Acute Myelogeneous Leukemia: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Adrenal Glands Tumors: Pathology and Genetics
• Aflatoxins
• Aging and Cancer
• Anal Cancer: Pathology and Genetics
• Animal Models of Cancer: What We Can Learn From Mice
• Anoikis
• Aspirin and Cancer
• Ataxia Telangiectasia Syndrome
• Autophagy and Cancer
• B
• Bladder Cancer: Pathology, Genetics, Diagnosis, and Treatment
• Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma: From Molecular Features to Clinical Applications
• Bones and Joints Cancer: Pathology and Genetics
• Breast Cancer: Pathology and Genetics
• C
• Cancer Disparities
• Cancer in Populations in Transition
• Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa
• Cancer in the Middle East
• Cancer Risk Reduction Through Lifestyle Changes
• Cancer Survival and Survivorship
• Cancer Vaccines: Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccines and Related Approaches
• Cancer-Related Inflammation in Tumor Progression
• Cancers as Ecosystems: From Cells to Population
• Carcinogen–DNA Adducts
• Carcinogenesis: Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species
• Cell Adhesion During Tumorigenesis and Metastasis
• Cell Responses to DNA Damage
• Cervical Cancer: Screening, Vaccination, and Preventive Strategies
• Chemoprevention of Cancer: An Overview of Promising Agents and Current Research
• Chemoprevention Trials
• Cholangiocarcinoma: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Chromatin Dynamics in Cancer: Epigenetic Parameters and Cellular Fate
• Chromosome Rearrangements and Translocations
• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Pathology and Genetics
• Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: Pathology, Genetics, Diagnosis, and Treatment
• Colorectal Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Colorectal Cancer: Pathology and Genetics
• Copy Number Variations in Tumors
• D
• Defective 5-Methylcytosine Oxidation in Tumorigenesis
• Diabetes and Cancer
• Diet and Cancer
• Dietary Factors and Cancer
• DNA Methylation Changes in Cancer: Cataloguing
• DNA Methylation Changes in Cancer: Mechanisms
• DNA Mismatch Repair: Mechanisms and Cancer Genetics
• E
• End of Life Support
• Endometrial Cancer: Pathology and Genetics
• Enhancers in Cancer: Genetic and Epigenetic Deregulation
• Environmental and Occupational Exposures
• Environmental Exposures and Epigenetic Perturbations
• Epigenetic Therapy
• Epithelium to Mesenchyme Transition
• Esophageal Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Esophageal Cancer: Pathology and Genetics
• Eye and Orbit Cancer: Pathology and Genetics
• F
• Financial Burden of Cancer Care
• G
• Gastric Cancer: Pathology and Genetics
• Genetic Instability
• Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS)
• Germ Cell Tumors: Pathology and Genetics
• Glioblastoma: Biology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
• Glioblastoma: Pathology and Genetics
• Glutamine Metabolism and Cancer
• H
• Helicobacter Pylori-Mediated Carcinogenesis
• Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Pathology and Genetics
• Hereditary Cancer Syndromes: Identification and Management
• Hereditary Risk of Breast and Ovarian Cancer: BRCA1 and BRCA2
• HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
• Hodgkin Lymphoma: Pathology and Genetics
• Hormones and Cancer
• I
• Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Yamanaka factors
• Inhibitors of Lactate Transport: A Promising Approach in Cancer Drug Discovery
• Integrative Molecular Tumor Classification: A Pathologist's View
• Interferons: Cellular and Molecular Biology of Their Actions
• J
• Jaws Cancer: Pathology and Genetics
• K
• Kidney Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment
• L
• Laryngeal Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Larynx Cancer: Pathology and Genetics
• Li–Fraumeni Syndrome
• Lipid Metabolism
• Lynch Syndrome
• M
• Malignant Skin Adnexal Tumors: Pathology and Genetics
• Malignant Tumors of the Eye, Conjunctiva, and Orbit: Diagnosis and Therapy
• Melanoma: Pathology and Genetics
• Metastatic Signatures—The Tell-Tale Signs of Metastasis
• Metformin
• Mevalonate Pathway
• Microbiota and Colon Cancer: Orchestrating Neoplasia Through DNA Damage and Immune Dysregulation
• Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) in Cancer
• Mod Squad: Altered Histone Modifications in Cancer
• Molecular Epidemiology and Cancer Risk
• Multiple Myeloma: Pathology and Genetics
• Mutational Signatures and the Etiology of Human Cancers
• Mutations in Chromatin Remodeling Factors
• Mutations in DNA Methyltransferases and Demethylases
• Mutations in Histone Lysine Methyltransferases and Demethylases
• Mutations: Driver Versus Passenger
• Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
• N
• Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Neuroblastoma: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Neuroblastoma: Pathology and Genetics
• New Rationales and Designs for Clinical Trials in the Era of Precision Medicine
• Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Pathology and Genetics
• Nonsmall-Cell Cancers of the Lung: Pathology and Genetics
• O
• Obesity and Cancer: Epidemiological Evidence
• Oncology Imaging
• Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis, and Cholangiocarcinoma
• Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer: Pathology and Genetics
• Oral Cavity Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Ovarian Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Ovarian Cancer: Pathology and Genetics
• P
• Pancreatic Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Pancreatic Cancer: Pathology and Genetics
• Papillomaviruses
• Parathyroid Cancer: Pathology and Genetics
• P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Multidrug Resistance
• Physical Inactivity and Cancer
• Pituitary Tumors: Pathology and Genetics
• Pituitary Tumors: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Polyomaviruses in Human Cancer
• Prevention and Control: Nutrition, Obesity, and Metabolism
• Prostate Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Prostate Cancer: Pathology and Genetics
• Pyruvate Kinase
• R
• Radiation Oncology
• Radiation Therapy-Induced Metastasis and Secondary Malignancy
• Renal Cell Cancer: Pathology and Genetics
• Role of DNA Repair in Carcinogenesis and Cancer Therapeutics
• S
• Senescence and Cellular Immortality
• Sleep Disturbances and Misalignment in Cancer
• Small-Cell Cancer of the Lung: Pathology and Genetics
• Squamous Cell and Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Symptom Control
• Systems Biology Approach to Study Cancer Metabolism
• T
• TCA Cycle Aberrations and Cancer
• Telomeres, Telomerase, and Cancer
• TGF-β in Cancer Progression: From Tumor Suppressor to Tumor Promotor
• Thyroid Cancer: Pathology, Genetics, Diagnosis, and Treatment
• TP53
• Tumor-Associated Macrophages
• Tumors and Blood Vessel Interactions: A Changing Hallmark of Cancer
• Tunneling Nanotubes (TNTs): Intratumoral Cell-to-Cell Communication
• U
• Unprogrammed Gene Activation: A Critical Evaluation of Cancer Testis Genes
• Uterine Cervix Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Uterine Cervix Cancer: Pathology and Genetics
• W
• Wilms Tumor: Pathology and Genetics
• Wnt Signaling in Intestinal Stem Cells and Cancer
• X
• Xeroderma Pigmentosum: When the Sun Is the Enemy