This second edition of Garden Insects of North America solidifies its place as the most comprehensive guide to the common insects, mites, and other "bugs" found in the backyards and gardens of the United States and Canada.

Table of Contents

• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION TO GARDEN INSECTS AND THEIR RELATIVES
• Arthropod Growth and Metamorphosis
• Insect Orders
• Identification of Immature Stages of Arthropods
• Excreted and Secreted Products Useful in Diagnosing Garden Arthropods and Slugs
• Body Parts Useful in Diagnosing Garden Arthropods
• Common Types of Plant Injuries Caused by Insects
• Plant Pathogens Transmitted by Insects and Mites
• CHAPTER TWO INSECTS THAT CHEW ON LEAVES AND NEEDLES
• Grasshoppers
• Field Crickets
• Other Crickets and Katydids
• Common (Northern) Walkingstick
• Related Species
• European Earwig
• Other Earwigs
• Cockroaches
• Imported Cabbageworm
• Other Sulfur and White Butterflies
• Swallowtails
• Parsleyworm/Black Swallowtail
• Other Swallowtails
• Brushfooted Butterflies
• Painted Lady/Thistle Caterpillar
• Other Brushfooted Butterflies
• Hornworms and Sphinx Moths
• Tomato Hornworm and Tobacco Hornworm
• Other Common Hornworms
• Prominent Moths/Notodontids
• Walnut Caterpillar
• Other Notodontids/Prominent Moths on Shade Trees
• Giant Silkworms/Royal Moths
• Cecropia Moth
• Other Giant Silkworms/Royal Moths
• Slug Caterpillars/Flannel Moths and Other Stinging Caterpillars
• Tussock Moths
• Whitemarked Tussock Moth
• Related and Similar Species
• Gypsy Moth
• Woollybears
• Climbing Cutworms and Armyworms
• Variegated Cutworm
• Fall Armyworm
• Beet Armyworm
• Other Climbing Cutworms and Armyworms
• Loopers
• Cabbage Looper
• Other Common Garden Loopers
• Cankerworms, Inchworms, and Spanworms
• Fall Cankerworm
• Other Cankerworms, Inchworms, and Spanworms
• Diamondback Moth
• Skeletonizers
• Bagworms and Casebearers
• Bagworm
• Other Bagworms
• Casebearers
• Caterpillars that Produce Cases of Leaf Fragments
• Caterpillars that Produce Small Silken Shelters
• Sod Webworms
• “Garden Webworms”
• Fruittree Leafroller
• Other Leafrollers, Leaffolders, and Leaftiers
• Skippers
• Caterpillars that Produce Large Silken Shelters and Tents
• Mimosa Webworm
• Other Webworms
• Fall Webworm
• Eastern Tent Caterpillar
• Other Tent Caterpillars
• Other Tent-making Caterpillars
• Webspinning Sawflies
• Sawflies
• European Pine Sawfly
• Other Conifer Sawflies
• Imported Currantworm/Currant Sawfly
• Other Common Sawflies
• Other Sawflies that Chew on Leaves
• Pearslug (Pear Sawfly, Cherry Slug)
• Other Slug Sawflies
• Texas Leafcutting Ant
• Leafcutter Bees
• Leaf Beetles
• Colorado Potato Beetle
• Asparagus Beetle
• Related Species
• Striped Cucumber Beetle
• Related Species
• Other Leaf Beetle Defoliators
• Tortoise Beetles
• Golden Tortoise Beetle
• Other Common Tortoise Beetles
• Case-bearing Leaf Beetles
• Leaf Beetles that Skeletonize Leaves
• Leaf Beetles of Aquatic Plants
• Flea Beetles
• Flea Beetles with Larvae that Develop on Foliage
• Crucifer Flea Beetle
• Other Flea Beetles with Larvae that Feed on Roots
• Leaf-feeding Weevils
• Japanese Beetle
• Other Leaf-feeding Scarabs
• Mexican Bean Beetle
• Other Leaf-feeding Lady Beetles
• Blister Beetles
• Slugs and Snails
• Gray Garden Slug
• Other Garden Slugs
• Brown Garden Snail
• Other Garden Snails
• Leafminers and Needleminers
• Vegetable Leafminer
• Related Species
• Other Serpentine-type Leafmining Flies and Caterpillars
• European Elm Flea Weevil
• Other Leafmining Weevils
• Locust Leafminer
• Other Blotch Leafmining Beetles
• Holly Leafminers
• Spinach Leafminer
• Other Leafmining Flies
• Birch Leafminer
• Other Leafmining Sawflies
• Lilac Leafminer
• Other Lepidopteran Leafminers
• Tentiform Leafminers
• Needleminers
• Gall Wasps that Develop on Leaves
• Other Gall-making Wasps that Develop on Leaves
• Gall-making Flies that Develop on Leaves
• CHAPTER THREE INSECTS AND MITES THAT SUCK FLUIDS FROM LEAVES AND NEEDLES
• Whiteflies
• Greenhouse Whitefly
• Other Whiteflies
• Aphids
• Green Peach Aphid
• Cotton/Melon Aphid
• Cabbage Aphid
• “Woolly Aphids”
• Mealybugs Associated Primarily with Foliage
• Citrus Mealybug
• Longtailed Mealybug
• Other Mealybugs Observed on Foliage
• Cochineal Scales
• Soft Scales Associated Primarily with Foliage
• Brown Soft Scale
• Other Soft Scales Observed on Foliage
• Armored Scales Observed Primarily on Foliage
• Pine Needle Scale
• Other Armored Scales Observed on Foliage
• Psyllids
• Potato/Tomato Psyllid
• Pear Psylla
• Other Psyllids
• Leafhoppers
• Potato Leafhopper
• Related Species
• Rose Leafhopper
• Other Mesophyll-feeding Leafhoppers
• Aster (or Sixspotted) Leafhopper
• Miscellaneous Leafhoppers that Feed on Phloem
• Leaffooted Bugs Associated with Foliage
• Squash Bug
• Related Species
• Plant Bugs
• Fourlined Plant Bug
• Garden Fleahopper
• Other Leaf-feeding Plant Bugs
• Hairy Chinch Bug
• Related and Similar Species
• Stink Bugs that Feed Primarily on Leaves
• Lace Bugs
• Thrips
• Onion Thrips
• Other Thrips Associated with Foliage
• Spider Mites
• Twospotted Spider Mite
• Related Species
• European Red Mite
• Spruce Spider Mite
• Related Species
• Clover Mite
• Related Species
• Other Turfgrass Mites
• Tarsonemid Mites
• Cyclamen Mite
• Related Species
• False Spider Mites
• Rust Mites
• Gall-making Aphids
• Grape Phylloxera
• Other Phylloxeran Leaf Gall Producers
• Hackberry Nipplegall Maker
• Other Gall-making Psyllids on Hackberry
• Other Psyllids that Distort or Produce Galls on Foliage
• Eriophyid Mites that Produce Leaf or Bud Galls
• CHAPTER FOUR INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH STEMS, TWIGS, SHOOTS, AND CANES
• European Pine Shoot Moth
• Other Moths that Develop in Shoots and Terminal Growth of Conifers
• White Pine Weevil
• Other Beetles that Develop in Shoots and Terminal Growth of Conifers
• Flies that Develop in Shoots and Twigs of Conifers
• Moths that Develop in Shoots, Twigs, and Canes of Deciduous Trees and Shrubs
• Rose Shoot Sawfly and Raspberry Horntail
• Other Sawfly Shoot and Stem Borers
• Rednecked Cane Borer
• Related Species
• Other Beetles Associated with Twigs and Small Branches
• Flies that Develop in Shoots, Twigs, and Canes of Deciduous Trees and Shrubs
• Squash Vine Borer
• European Corn Borer
• Other Stem-boring Moths of Herbaceous Plants
• Sawflies that Develop in Stems of Herbaceous Plants
• Beetles that Develop in Stems of Herbaceous Plants
• Flies that Develop in Stems of Herbaceous Plants
• Pith-nesting Bees and Wasps
• Aphids that Develop on Stems, Twigs, Shoots, and Canes
• Woolly Apple Aphid
• Other Woolly Aphids on Twigs, Branches, and Trunks
• Adelgids that Develop on Twigs and Terminals of Conifers
• Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
• Other Adelgids Associated with Twigs and Terminals of Conifers
• Mealybugs Associated Primarily with Stems and Twigs
• Eriococcid Scales Commonly Observed on Twigs
• European Elm Scale
• Other Eriococcid Scales
• Soft Scales Observed Primarily on Twigs
• European Fruit Lecanium
• Other Lecanium-type Soft Scales
• Striped Pine Scale
• Related and Similar Species
• Cottony Maple Scale
• Other Soft Scales Associated Primarily with Twigs
• Margarodid Scales Associated Primarily with Twigs
• Cottony Cushion Scale
• Other Margarodid Scales
• Armored Scales that Develop Primarily on Small Branches and Twigs
• Oystershell Scale
• Other Armored Scales Associated with Twigs and Branches
• Kermes, Pit, and Falsepit Scales
• Spittlebugs
• Planthoppers
• Treehoppers
• Buffalo Treehopper
• Other Treehoppers
• Cicadas
• Periodical Cicadas
• Other Cicadas
• Twig Wounding Produced by Egg Laying and Oviposition Injuries
• Gall Wasps Associated with Twigs and Small Branches
• Oak Rough Bulletgall Wasp
• Related Species
• Horned Oak Gall Wasp
• Related Species
• Rose Gall Wasps
• Other Gall Wasps
• Flies and Caterpillars that Produce Galls in Stems and Twigs
• Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgid
• Other Gall-making Adelgids
• CHAPTER FIVE INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH LARGE BRANCHES AND THE TRUNK OF TREES AND SHRUBS
• Clearwing Borers
• Ash/Lilac Borer
• Other Clearwing Borers Associated with Trunks and Branches
• Carpenterworm
• Other Carpenterworms
• Zimmerman Pine Moth
• Other Pyralid Borers
• Metallic Wood Borers/Flatheaded Borers
• Bronze Birch Borer
• Emerald Ash Borer
• Related Species
• Flatheaded Appletree Borer
• Related Species
• Longhorned Beetles/Roundheaded Borers
• Locust Borer
• Related Species
• Poplar Borer
• Related Species
• Other Longhorned Beetles Commonly Found in Trees and Shrubs
• Poplar and Willow Borer
• Other Trunk-boring Weevils
• Horntails
• Pigeon Tremex
• Other Horntails
• Bark Beetles
• Shothole Borer
• Related Species
• Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle
• Other Elm Bark Beetles
• Ash Bark Beetles
• Southern Pine Beetle and Relatives
• Ips Beetles
• Ambrosia Beetles
• CHAPTER SIX INSECTS AND OTHER INVERTEBRATES ASSOCIATED WITH ROOTS, TUBERS, SOIL, AND THE SOIL SURFACE
• White Grubs
• Northern Masked Chafer
• Related Species
• Other White Grubs Associated with Turfgrass
• White Grubs Associated Primarily with Garden Plants
• Root Weevils
• Black Vine Weevil
• Other Root-damaging Weevils
• Sweetpotato Weevil
• Other Vegetable Weevils
• Bluegrass Billbug
• Other Billbugs
• Wireworms
• Western Corn Rootworm
• Other Leaf Beetles that Develop on Roots and Tubers
• Peachtree Borer
• Iris Borer
• Other Crown-boring Caterpillars
• Subterranean and Surface-feeding Cutworms
• Black Cutworm
• Other Surface-feeding and Subterranean Caterpillars
• Roundheaded Borers that Feed on Roots
• Root Maggots and Bulb Flies
• Cabbage Maggot
• Other Root Maggots
• Narcissus Bulb Fly
• Other Bulb Flies
• Carrot Rust Fly
• European Crane Fly
• Other Flies Associated with the Root Area of Turfgrass
• Fungus Gnats
• Other Small Flies Associated with Indoor Plant Production
• Flies Associated with Decaying Organic Matter and Compost
• Mole Crickets
• Tawny Mole Cricket
• Other Crickets Associated with Soil
• Subterranean Termites
• Ants
• Red Imported Fire Ant
• Other Ants Common in Yards and Gardens
• Root Aphids and Other Sucking Insects
• Sowbugs and Pillbugs
• Other Land-adapted Crustaceans
• Millipedes
• Springtails
• Symphylans
• Soil-dwelling Mites
• Earthworms
• CHAPTER SEVEN INSECTS AND MITES ASSOCIATED WITH FLOWERS, FRUITS, NUTS, AND SEEDS
• Codling Moth
• Related Species
• Oriental Fruit Moth
• Related Species
• Tobacco Budworm
• Related Species
• Corn Earworm/Tomato Fruitworm/Bollworm
• Other Fruit-infesting Cutworms
• Pickleworm
• Related Species
• Other Fruit- and Seed-infesting Caterpillars
• Fruit-infesting Sawflies
• Related Species
• Scarab Beetles Found at Fruit and Flowers
• Sap Beetles and other Fruit-damaging Beetles
• Dusky Sap Beetle
• Other Sap Beetles
• Other Fruit-damaging Beetles
• Pollen-feeding Beetles Common at Flowers
• Fruit, Flower, and Seed Weevils
• Plum Curculio
• Rose Curculio and Western Rose Curculio
• Other Seed-, Fruit-, and Flower-damaging Weevils
• Fruit Flies
• Apple Maggot
• Related Fruit-infesting Flies
• Spotted-wing Drosophila
• Other Vinegar Flies and Small Fruit Flies
• Rose Midge
• Other Gall Midges Damaging to Buds, Flowers and Fruit
• Yellowjackets and Hornets
• Western Yellowjacket
• Other Yellowjackets and Hornets
• Gall Wasps Affecting Nuts
• Western Flower Thrips
• Related Species
• Tarnished Plant Bug
• Related Species
• Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
• Other Stink Bugs that Feed on Flowers, Fruit, and Seeds
• Boxelder Bug
• Related and Similar Species
• Western Conifer-seed Bug
• Related Species
• Scales and Mealybugs Associated with Fruit Injuries
• Eriophyid Mites that Damage Fruits and Flowers
• CHAPTER EIGHT NATURAL ENEMIES OF INSECTS AND POLLINATORS: THE “BENEFICIAL BUGS”
• Predators of Insects and Mites
• Lady Beetles (Ladybugs, Ladybird Beetles)
• Ground Beetles
• Rove Beetles
• Soldier Beetles
• Blister Beetles
• Fireflies/Lightningbugs
• Soft-winged Flower Beetles
• Clerid Beetles
• Cybocephalid Beetles
• Green Lacewings
• Brown Lacewings
• Dustywings
• Antlions
• Syrphid Flies (Flower Flies, Hover Flies)
• Predatory Midges
• Longlegged and Dance Flies
• Robber Flies
• Bee Flies
• Predatory Thrips
• Predatory Stink Bugs
• Assassin Bugs
• Damsel Bugs
• Predatory Plant Bugs
• Big-eyed Bugs
• Minute Pirate Bugs
• Mantids
• Earwigs
• Dragonflies and Damselflies
• Crab Spiders
• Jumping Spiders
• Wolf Spiders
• Nursery Web Spiders
• Dysderid Spiders
• Orbweavers
• Longjawed and Orchard Orbweavers
• Cobweb Weaver Spiders
• Lynx Spiders
• Funnel Weavers
• Prowling Spiders
• Cellar Spiders
• Brown or Recluse Spiders
• Daddy Longlegs/Harvestmen
• Predatory Mites
• Centipedes
• Predatory Snails
• Hunting Wasps and Ants
• Predatory Ants
• Paper Wasps
• Hornets and Yellowjackets
• Potter Wasps
• Hunting Wasps
• Spider Wasps
• Insect Parasitoids
• Tiphiid and Scoliid Wasps
• Pelecinid Wasps
• Ichneumonid Wasps
• Braconid Wasps
• Chalcid Wasps
• Sarcophagid Flies
• Tachinid Flies
• Insect Pathogens
• Bees
• Honey Bee
• Bumble Bees
• Large Carpenter Bees
• Cavity-nesting Bees
• Soil-nesting Bees
• Glossary