Companion to the History of Science
Companion to the History of Science
Editor: Lightman, Bernard
Publication Year: 2016
Publisher: Wiley
Single-User Purchase Price:
$195.00

Unlimited-User Purchase Price:
$292.50
ISBN: 978-1-11-862077-9
Category: Science
Image Count:
39
Book Status: Available
Table of Contents
The Wiley Blackwell Companion to the History of Science is a single volume companion that discusses the history of science as it is done today, providing a survey of the debates and issues that dominate current scholarly discussion, with contributions from leading international scholars.
This book is found in the following Credo Collections:
Table of Contents
- About the Editor
- About the Contributors
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- References
- Chapter One: Historiography of the History of Science
- Constructing Scientific Knowledge, Socially
- Doing Scientific Things with Scientific Things: Practice and Materiality
- Moving Knowledge Around: Communication and Circulation
- Scaling History of Science
- References
- Part I: Roles
- Chapter Two: Learned Man and Woman in Antiquity and the Middle Ages
- Greek Mathematicians in the Hellenic Cities
- Families of Scholars in Persian and Hellenistic Uruk
- Scholars as Clients in Warring States to Early Han China
- A Roman Physician and a Roman Mathematician
- Contexts of Scholarship in Sanskrit Sciences
- Translators and Other Scholars in Abbasid Baghdad
- Mandarins and Calendar Reform
- Salaried Scholars in Damascus
- Scholarly Women in the Ancient and Medieval Periods
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter Three: Go-Betweens, Travelers, and Cultural Translators
- Connecting Cultures in Recent Historiography
- Travel and Translation
- Brokering in the Cultural and Social Sciences
- Go-Betweens Enter Science Studies
- An Example
- Whither Go-Betweens Today?
- References
- Chapter Four: The Alchemist
- References
- Chapter Five: The Natural Philosopher
- The Natural Philosopher in the University; Mathematics and Physics
- Experimenters
- Ideal Types and Natural Philosophers
- Role: Public or Private?
- Societies and Experiment
- Natural Philosophy and Natural History
- References
- Chapter Six: The Natural Historian
- The Early Modern Naturalist
- The Enlightenment Naturalist
- The Nineteenth-Century Naturalist
- The Modern Naturalist
- References
- Chapter Seven: Invisible Technicians, Instrument-makers and Artisans
- Instrumental Knowledge
- Behind the Scenes
- Assembly-line Knowledge
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter Eight: Scientific Illustrators
- Debates between Darwin and Illustrators of his Books
- Early Stages
- The Illustrator as an Interpreter of Nature
- The System of Conventions in the Illustrator's Profession
- The Illustrator and the Economy of Scientific Books
- The Industry of Illustrated Scientific Books
- Women Illustrators
- Construction of a Visual Scientific Culture
- The Photography Revolution
- References
- Chapter Nine: The Human Experimental Subject
- Prisoners
- Slaves
- Patients
- Children
- Self-experiment
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter Ten: Amateurs
- Defining Modern Science: The Amateur as Foil
- Defining Modern Science: The Amateur as Proto-Professional
- Defining Modern Science: The Amateur as the Professional's Inverse
- Re-mapping the Amateur Sphere: Historiographic Challenges to the Standard Narrative
- Appropriating Scientific Authority from within Amateur Realms: Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Ecologies of Knowledge
- History of Science's Amateurs: The Question of Where the Center Lies
- References
- Chapter Eleven: The Man of Science
- References
- Chapter Twelve: The Professional Scientist
- A Middling Sort of Science
- Supporting and Subverting their Sponsors
- Professionals Unbound
- End of an Epoch?
- References
- Part II: Places and Spaces
- Chapter Thirteen: The Medieval University1
- Pre-university Education
- Universities and Scholastic Culture
- New Directions
- References
- Chapter Fourteen: The Observatory
- Early Observatories
- China
- The Islamic World
- Tycho Brahe
- The Seventeenth Century
- The Eighteenth Century
- Giant Reflectors
- The First Half of the Nineteenth Century
- Magnetism
- The Observatory as Laboratory
- The Rise of American Observatories
- Space Observatories
- References
- Chapter Fifteen: The Court
- Engineering, Instruments, and Practical Mathematics
- Cosmology and Philosophical Speculation
- “New Things” and the Medici
- Collections, Wonder, and the Order of Nature
- Curiosities and Visual Knowledge
- Gender, “Human Empire,” and Global Knowledge
- Medicine, Pharmacy, and Society
- References
- Chapter Sixteen: Academies and Societies
- New Philosophies and New Forums
- Enlightened Sociability and the Growth of Civil Society
- High and Low Science
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter Seventeen: Museums and Botanical Gardens
- Renaissance and Early Modern Collections
- Museums, Gardens, and the Modern State
- Science, Education, and Popular Culture
- Conclusion: the hybrid spaces of popular science
- References
- Chapter Eighteen: Domestic Space
- Situating the Domestic Production of Scientific Knowledge
- Gender and Domestic Productions
- Domesticity, Social Class, and Professionalization
- Domesticity by Design
- Domestication through Popularization
- Future Research
- References
- Chapter Nineteen: Commercial Science
- Science in Twentieth-Century Corporate Laboratories
- Science in Nineteenth-Century Capitalist Enterprises
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter Twenty: The Field
- The Field as Category and Place
- Many Fields
- Places and Practices
- Practitioners
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter Twenty-One: The Laboratory
- A Brief History of the Laboratory
- Lab Studies as a Field: Past, Present, and Future
- The Laboratory at the Intersection: Practice, Pedagogy, and Material Culture
- References
- Chapter Twenty-Two: Modern School and University
- Early Modern Universities and Schools
- The Enlightenment and Compulsory School Education
- The Research University Revolution
- University Expansion and Technoscientific Innovation
- References
- Part III: Communication
- Chapter Twenty-Three: Manuscripts
- Transmission of Texts
- Textual Criticism
- Visual Images
- Tradition and Innovation
- References
- Chapter Twenty-Four: The Printing Press
- De-centering Gutenberg from the Print Revolution
- From Book to Text and Back Again
- Locating the Scientific Book
- Facsimiles and Digitization
- The World of Print
- References
- Chapter Twenty-Five: Correspondence Networks
- The Republic of Letters, Sixteenth–Eighteenth Centuries
- Exchanging Information, Opinions, and Objects
- Scientific Correspondence in the Nineteenth Century
- Europe and the Wider World
- The Universal Postal Union and Beyond
- Corpora of Correspondence, Archival and Published
- Digital Humanities and the Future of Research on Correspondence Networks
- References
- Chapter Twenty-Six: Translations
- The First Turn: Modern Histories of “Arabic Science” in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
- The Second Turn: Antique to Early Modern Encounters with Translation in East Asia and Beyond
- Concluding Remarks
- References
- Chapter Twenty-Seven: Journals and Periodicals
- The Seventeenth Century
- The Eighteenth Century
- The Nineteenth Century
- The Twentieth Century
- Scientific Authorship
- Editors and Reviewing Processes
- Distribution and Readership
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter Twenty-Eight: Textbooks
- Expectations
- Past Tenses
- Demarcation
- Disciplines
- Futures
- References
- Chapter Twenty-Nine: Lectures
- Visualizing Science
- Voicing Science
- Body Language
- Auditors and Auditoriums
- Legacies
- References
- Chapter Thirty: Film, Radio, and Television
- Film: Science on the Silver Screen
- Radio: Broadcasting Science over the Airwaves
- Television: Science in Every Living Room
- References
- Part IV: Tools of Science
- Chapter Thirty-One: Timing Devices
- References
- Chapter Thirty-Two: Weights and Measures
- Historiography on Weights and Measures
- Measurement: Politics and Economy
- Decimal Metric System
- Globalization of the Metric System
- Social Forces of Metrication
- The Metric System and Its Adversaries
- Moral Economy of Measurement and Opposition to Metrological Reform
- Concluding Remark
- References
- Chapter Thirty-Three: Calculating Devices and Computers
- Calculation “By Hand”
- Analog Computing
- Electronic Computing, Numerical Analysis, and Simulation
- Beyond Artillery, Bombs, and Particles
- Big Data Avant Big Data
- Data Infrastructures
- The Social Organization of Expertise
- Hubris and Materiality
- References
- Chapter Thirty-Four: Specimens and Collections
- Defending Collections
- Making Collections Scientific
- Modernizing Collections in the Twentieth Century
- Conclusions
- Guide to Further Readings
- References
- Chapter Thirty-Five: Recording Devices
- Spontaneous Reproduction
- Expanding and Replacing
- In Philosophy of Science
- The Disappearing Device
- From Media Studies to Poststructuralism
- Desires
- Recording and Quantification
- Servant instruments
- The Personal Equation
- The Modern Subject and the Discipline of Psychology
- Art and Hand-drawings
- Altered Distances
- Recorded History
- References
- Chapter Thirty-Six: Microscopes
- Origins
- Hooke and After
- The Development of the Instrument Trade
- The Microscope in the Nineteenth Century
- Modern Microscopy
- References
- Chapter Thirty-Seven: Telescopes
- The Early Refractor
- The Beginning of the Reflector
- Telescopes in Observatories
- New Telescopes and Audiences in the Eighteenth Century
- The Large Reflector: William Herschel and His Successors
- The Essential Tool of Modern Astronomy
- References
- Chapter Thirty-Eight: Prisms, Spectroscopes, Spectrographs, and Gratings
- The Prism—From a Toy to a Tool
- Dark Lines in the Solar Spectrum: Wollaston and Fraunhofer
- The Emergence of Spectrum Analysis: Swan, Bunsen, and Kirchhoff
- Multifacetted Applications of Spectroscopy
- Solar Physics and Chemistry: The Origins of Astrophysics
- Diffraction Gratings and Precision Spectroscopy
- References
- Chapter Thirty-Nine: Diagrams
- Theoretical Approaches
- Diagrams in the History of Science
- Paper Tools
- Maps
- Tables
- Graphs
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter Forty: Three-Dimensional Models
- Introduction
- Models in Research
- Models as Representations
- Models and their Audiences
- Models Mass-produced for Teaching
- Modeling Nature
- Guide to Further Reading and Further Viewing
- References