The Encyclopedia of Empire provides exceptional in-depth, comparative coverage of empires throughout human history and across the globe.

Table of Contents

• A
• Abbasid Caliphate
• Aceh, Sultanate of
• Achaemenid Empire
• Adal Sultanate
• Administration and bureaucracy
• African kingdoms and empires
• Agriculture and empire
• Air power
• Ajuran Sultanate
• Akkadian Empire
• Aksum, Kingdom of
• al-Andalus (Muslim Iberia)
• Algiers, Ottoman Regency of
• America, United States of: 1. Continental expansion after 1776
• America, United States of: 2. Overseas empire
• America, United States of: 3. 20th century to the present
• Angevin (Plantagenet) Empire
• Angevin Empire (French “Second” Angevin dynasty)
• Anglo-Norman Empire
• Anthropology and empire
• Anti-imperialism and anti-colonialism
• Aragon, Crown of
• Archaeology and empire
• Architecture, imperial
• Aristocracies and kingship
• Armenia, Kingdom of (ancient)
• Asante Kingdom
• Assimilation and empire
• Assyrian Empire
• Astronomy and navigation
• Athenian Empire
• Austrian Empire (to 1867)
• Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867–1918)
• Avar Khaganate
• Aztec Empire
• B
• Bactrian or Graeco-Bactrian Kingdom
• Baekje (Paekje) Kingdom
• Bahmani Sultanate
• Bamana Empire of Segu
• Barbarians and barbarism
• Belgian Empire
• Bengal, Sultanate of
• Benin (Edo city-state)
• Boer War and Great Power relations
• Botany and empire
• Brazil, Empire of
• British Empire: 1. 1707–1914
• British Empire: 10. North America, to 1783
• British Empire: 11. North America (Canada), from 1783
• British Empire: 12. Southeast Asia
• British Empire: 2. From 1914
• British Empire: 3. Africa
• British Empire: 4. Australasia and Pacific
• British Empire: 5. Caribbean, 1624–1838
• British Empire: 6. Caribbean, 19th–20th centuries
• British Empire: 7. India, to 1858
• British Empire: 8. India, from 1858
• British Empire: 9. Indian Ocean
• Brunei, Sultanate of
• Buganda, Kingdom of
• Bulgarian Medieval Empire (First and Second)
• Bunyoro-Kitara, Kingdom of
• Burgundy, Duchy (States) of
• Burmese Empire
• Burundi, Kingdom of
• Byzantine Empire: 1. 330–650
• Byzantine Empire: 2. 650–1204
• Byzantine Empire: 3. 1204–1461
• C
• Capitalism and imperialism
• Carolingian Empire
• Carthaginian Empire
• Cartography and empire
• Cartography in the Russian Empire
• Cavalry and empires
• Central Javanese Empire (Early Mataram)
• Ceremonial and court culture
• Chaghadai Khanate
• Chalukya dynasty
• Chartered companies
• Chavin culture (pre-Moche)
• Chera Kingdom
• Chimu Empire
• China and treaty-port imperialism
• China, imperial: 1. Qin dynasty, 221–207 bce
• China, imperial: 2. Han dynasty, 206 bce–220 ce
• China, imperial: 3. 220–c.580
• China, imperial: 4. Sui, Tang, and Five dynasties periods, c.581–960
• China, imperial: 5. Song dynasty period, 960–1279
• China, imperial: 6. Yuan dynasty period, 1279–1368
• China, imperial: 7. Ming dynasty period, 1368–1644
• China, imperial: 8. Qing or Manchu dynasty period, 1636–1911
• China, People's Republic of
• Chola (Cola) Empire
• Choson (Joseon) Korea
• Christianity and empire
• Cinema and empire
• Cities, imperial
• Client states
• Collaborators and empire
• Colonies, variety of
• Confucianism
• Coronations and rituals
• Counterinsurgency
• Crimean Khanate
• Crusader States (Eastern Mediterranean)
• Cultural genocide
• D
• Dahomey, Kingdom of
• Danish Empire
• Deccan sultanates
• Decline of empires
• Decolonization
• Delhi Sultanate
• Dependency theory
• Dervish State (Somali)
• Diplomacy and empire
• Disease and medicine
• Dong Hu tribal confederation
• Drugs and empire
• Durrani Empire
• Dutch Empire: 1. Origins and organization
• Dutch Empire: 2. Africa
• Dutch Empire: 3. America and the Caribbean
• Dutch Empire: 4. East Indies
• E
• Eastern Ganga and Gajapati empires
• Economics of empire
• Egypt: 1. Ancient (New Kingdom)
• Egypt: 2. Ptolemaic
• Egypt: 3. Early medieval (Tulunid to Fatimid)
• Egypt: 4. Late medieval (including Syria: Ayyubid, Mamluk)
• Egypt: 5. Empire (Mehmed Ali dynasty)
• Elamite Kingdom
• Empire: Selected Maps
• Empires from the viewpoint of the colonized
• Empires in world history: characteristics, concepts, and consequences
• English Empire (British Isles and colonies to 1707)
• Enlightenment and empire
• Environment and empire
• Epirus, Kingdom of
• Ethiopian Empire
• European expansionism
• Exhibitions and expositions
• Exploration and empire
• F
• Financial institutions
• Food and famine
• Foreign interventionism
• Fortifications, imperial
• Forward policies
• French Empire: 1. General
• French Empire: 10. North America
• French Empire: 11. Pacific
• French Empire: 2. First or Napoleonic Empire
• French Empire: 3. Second Empire
• French Empire: 4. Third Republic
• French Empire: 5. Decolonization
• French Empire: 6. Africa
• French Empire: 7. Asia
• French Empire: 8. Caribbean
• French Empire: 9. Indian Ocean
• Frontiers and their control
• Fulani Empire (Sokoto)
• Funan, Kingdom of
• Funj Sultanate of Sinnar
• Futa Jalon
• Futa Toro
• G
• Gao Empire
• Gender and empire
• Genocide and empire
• Genoese Republic
• Georgia, Kingdom of
• Germany: 1. Colonialism, Early Modern period
• Germany: 2. Colonial empire
• Ghana, Empire of
• Ghurid Sultanate
• Globalization and empire
• Goguryeo Kingdom
• Golden Horde Khanate
• Goryeo (Koryo) Kingdom
• Gunboat diplomacy
• Gupta Empire
• Gurjara-Pratihara (Pratihara) Empire
• H
• Harsha Empire
• Hephthalite Khanate
• Hittite Empire
• Holy Roman Empire
• Hoysala Empire
• Humanitarianism and empire
• Hungary, medieval Kingdom of
• Hunnic Empire
• Hunting and empire
• Hurrian Kingdom of Urkesh
• I
• Ideology, imperial
• Ifat, Sultanate of
• Ifriqiya, medieval empires of (Aghlabid to Hafsid)
• Il-Khanate Empire
• Imperialism, theories of
• Inca (Tawantinsuyu) Empire
• Indo-Parthian Kingdom
• Indo-Scythian (Saka) Kingdom
• Informal empire
• Iran, Imperial State of
• Islam and empire
• Italian Empire
• Italo-Norman Empire
• J
• Japan (Sengoku period)
• Japanese Empire
• Johor-Riau Empire
• K
• Kaabu Kingdom
• Kadamba Kingdom
• Kakatiya Kingdom
• Kalmyk Khanate
• Kanem-Bornu Empire
• Karakhanid Khanate
• Kara-Khitan Khanate (Western Liao)
• Karkota dynasty of Kashmir
• Kazakh Khanate
• Kazan Khanate
• Khazar Khaganate
• Khitan (Liao) Empire
• Khmer Empire
• Khwarazmian Empire
• Kimek Khaganate
• Kong (Ouattara or Wattara) Empire
• Kongo, Kingdom of
• Kush, Kingdom of
• Kushan Empire
• Kyrgyz Khaganate
• L
• Lan Xang Kingdom (early Laos)
• Languages and empire
• Latin Empire (Constantinople)
• Lithuania, Grand Duchy of
• Lombard Kingdom
• Lozi Empire
• Luba–Lunda states
• Lydia, Kingdom of
• Lysimachus, Kingdom of
• M
• Macedonian Empire
• Magadha, Kingdom of
• Mahdist State (Sudan)
• Maitraka Empire
• Majapahit Empire
• Malagasy empires (Sakalava and Merina)
• Mali Empire
• Mandates, League of Nations’
• Maratha Empire
• Maravi Kingdom
• Martial race theory
• Marxism and imperialism
• Massina Empire
• Mataram, Sultanate of
• Material cultures of empire
• Maukhari Empire
• Mauryan Empire
• Median Empire
• Melaka (Malacca) Sultanate
• Migrants and migration
• Minoan civilization
• Miscegenation
• Missions and missionaries
• Mitanni Kingdom
• Mixtec Empire
• Mongol Empire, Great
• Morocco: 1. Medieval empires
• Morocco: 2. Later empire (from the 16th century)
• Mossi Empire
• Mughal Empire
• Muscat and Zanzibar, Sultanate of
• Music and empire
• Mycenaean civilization
• Mysore, Kingdom of
• N
• Nabataean Kingdom
• Nabobs
• Nanda Empire
• Nationalism and imperialism
• Nazi Empire
• Neo-Assyrian Empire
• Neo-Babylonian (Chaldean) Empire
• Neo-colonialism
• Neo-Sumerian (Ur III) Kingdom
• Nguni empires
• Nogai Horde
• Nomads
• North Sea (Anglo-Scandinavian) Empire
• Norway, Kingdom of (13th–14th centuries)
• Novgorod Republic
• O
• Old Babylonian period
• Orientalism
• Ostrogoths, Kingdom of the
• Ottoman Empire
• Oyo (Yoruba) Empire
• P
• Pala Empire
• Pallavas of Kanchi
• Pandyan Empire
• Parhae, Kingdom of
• Parthian Empire
• Partition of Africa
• Pergamon, Kingdom of (Attalids)
• Persian Empire, early medieval (Saffarid to Buyid)
• Persian Empire, later (Afsharid to Qajar)
• Photography and empire
• Phrygian Kingdom
• Pisa, Republic of
• Poland, medieval (Piast dynasty)
• Policing and colonial control
• Polish–Lithuanian Empire
• Pontic Empire
• Popular imperialism
• Ports in ancient and medieval empires
• Ports, imperial
• Portuguese Empire: 1. Origins and development
• Portuguese Empire: 2. Africa
• Portuguese Empire: 3. America
• Portuguese Empire: 4. Asia
• Postcolonialism
• Posts and telegraphs, imperial
• Propaganda and empire
• R
• Race and empire
• Rai dynasty of Sind
• Railways and empire
• Rashidun Caliphate
• Rashtrakuta Empire
• Religion and empire
• Revolts, colonial
• Revolution and social change
• Roman Empire: 1. To 96 ce
• Roman Empire: 2. 96–180
• Roman Empire: 3. 180–395
• Roman Empire: 4. 395–476
• Rouran (Juan Juan) Khaganate
• Russia: 1. Rus‘ and the Riurikid dynasty (9th century to c.1240)
• Russia: 2. Moscow, Grand Duchy of (13th century to 1547)
• Russia: 3. Tsardom of Muscovy (1547–1721)
• Russia: 4. Empire (1721–1917)
• Russia: 5. Soviet (USSR)
• Rustamid Imamate
• Rwanda, Kingdom of
• S
• Safavid Empire
• Sailendra Empire of Java
• Sasanian Empire
• Satavahana Empire
• Science, imperial
• Scotland, Darien, and imperial ambition
• Scythian Empire
• Seleucid Empire
• Seljuk Empire, Great
• Seljuk Sultanate of Anatolia (Rum)
• Sena Empire
• Serbian Empire
• Settler empires
• Sex and empire
• Shibanid Empire
• Shipping, imperial
• Shona empires
• Shunga Kingdom
• Sibir‘, Khanate of
• Sikh Empire
• Silla, Kingdom of
• Singhasari Kingdom of Java
• Slave armies
• Slavery, institution of
• Soft power and empire
• Songhai Empire
• Spanish Empire: 1. Origins and organization
• Spanish Empire: 2. From 1580
• Spanish Empire: 3. The Americas
• Spartan Empire
• Sport: 1. Ancient empires
• Sport: 2. Modern empires
• Srivijaya, Kingdom of
• Steppe empires
• Subaltern Studies
• Sub-imperialism
• Suez Crisis and the end of empire
• Swedish Empire
• S
• Tangut Empire of the Great Xixia
• Tarascan (P'urhépecha) Empire
• Technology and empire
• Teotihuacan Empire
• Tepanec Empire
• Ternate, Sultanate of
• Teutonic Order, State of the
• Thai Kingdom
• Thalassocracies
• Tibetan Empire
• Timurid Empire
• Tiwanaku (Tiahuanaco) culture
• Toltec Empire
• Tourism and empire
• Trade and commerce
• Tributary systems
• Tuʻi Tonga Empire
• Tukulor Empire
• Türgesh Khaganate
• Türk Khaganate
• Turkoman confederations, the (Aqqoyunlu and Qaraqoyunlu)
• U
• Umayyad Caliphate
• ʿUqaylid Emirate
• Urartu, Kingdom of
• Uyghur Khaganate
• V
• Vakataka Kingdom
• Vandals, Kingdom of the
• Venetian Empire
• Vietnamese (Dai Viet) Empire
• Vijayanagara Empire
• Vishnukundina Empire
• Visigoths, Kingdom of the
• Visual communication in ancient empires
• Volga Bulgar Emirate
• W
• Wadai (Ouaddai) Empire
• Wahhabi Empire
• War, weaponry, and empire: 1. Ancient
• War, weaponry, and empire: 2. Modern
• Wari (Huari) culture
• Wars of independence
• Wars of religion
• Wassalou (Mandinka) Empire
• Western Satrap (Western Kshatrapa) Kingdom
• White Horde Khanate
• Wolof Empire
• World War I and empire
• World War II and empire
• X
• Xianbei Empire
• Xiongnu Empire
• Y
• Yap and the Yap Empire (Micronesia)
• Z
• Zapotec Empire
• Zünghar (Dzungar) Khanate