A definitive guide designed for both coursework and self-study, this latest version describes every branch of soil science and delves into trans-disciplinary issues that focus on inter-connectivity or the nexus approach.

Table of Contents

• Editorial Advisory Board
• Contributors
• Topical Table of Contents
• Preface
• About the Editors
• Volume I: Accounting through Erosivity
• A
• Accounting: Emergy Analysis / Jay F. Martin and D.R. Tilley
• Acid Mine Drainage / Jerry M. Bigham and Charles A. Cravotta III
• Acid Rain: Nitrogen Deposition / George F. Vance
• Acid Sulfate Soils / Delvin S. Fanning
• Acid Sulfate Soils: Distribution and Extent / Wim Andriesse and M.E.F. van Mensvoort
• Acid Sulfate Soils: Formation / Martin C. Rabenhorst, Delvin S. Fanning, and Steven N. Burch
• Acid Sulfate Soils: Management / Michael D. Melville, Ian White, and Robert Quirk
• Acid Sulfate Soils: Problems / Martin C. Rabenhorst and Delvin S. Fanning
• Actinobacteria / Marketa Ságová-Marecková and Jan Kopecký
• Aeration: Measurement / Robert E. Sojka and H.D. Scott
• Aeration: Tillage Effects / Dave J. Horne and Robert E. Sojka
• Aggregates: Tensile Strength / Humberto Blanco-Canqui and Rattan Lal
• Aggregation / Sjoerd W. Duiker
• Aggregation: Soil Organic Matter (SOM) and / Cynthia A. Cambardella
• Aggregation: Structural Stability Measurement / Edmund Perfect, Martín Díaz-Zorita, and John Grove
• Agricultural Lands: Flooding and Levee Breaches / Kenneth R. Olson and Lois Wright Morton
• Agricultural Management: Root Growth / Susanne Schroetter, Jutta Rogasik, and Ewald Schnug
• Agricultural Soil Carbon: Trading / Bruce A. McCarl, Sung Ju Cho, Jinxiu Ding, Pei Huang, Layla Shiva, and Chin-Hsien Yu
• Air Permeability / Manoj K. Shukla and Rattan Lal
• Albedo / Endre Dobos
• Alfisols / Rienk Miedema
• Allophanes / Leslie Louise Baker and Jodi Johnson-Maynard
• Alpine Soils / Jérôme Poulenard and Pascal Podwojewski
• Aluminum / Johannes Bernhard Wehr, Frederick Paxton Cardell Blamey, and Neal William Menzies
• Amazon Basin Soils / Stanley W. Buol
• Amendments and Ameliorants / David C. McKenzie
• Ammonia: Volatilization from Agricultural Soils / Paul G. Saffigna and John R. Freney
• Amoozemeter / Aziz Amoozegar
• Anaerobic Processes / Paul A. McDaniel and Daniel G. Strawn
• Andisols / Jon Chorover
• Andisols: Iceland / Olafur Arnalds
• Animals: Ecosystem Functioning / Alan J. Franzluebbers
• Animals: Microbial Interactions and Nutrient Cycling / Lisa Cole and Richard D. Bardgett
• Antimony / Gudny Okkenhaug and Jan Mulder
• Ants / Walter G. Whitford
• Archaeology / John E. Foss
• Arid Soils / H. Curtis Monger
• Arsenic: Southeast Asia / Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman and Ravi Naidu
• Art and Soil / Christian Feller
• Atterberg Limits / Thomas Baumgartl
• B
• Bacteria / Mary Ann Bruns
• Biochar and Soil Characteristics / Atanu Mukherjee and Rattan Lal
• Biochar and Soil Quality / David A. Laird and Jeffrey M. Novak
• Biochar: Soil Carbon and Fertility / Adam O’Toole and Daniel Rasse
• Biodegradation and Bioremediation / Owen P. Ward and Ajay Singh
• Biodiversity and Sustainability / Odo Primavesi
• Bioenergy Crops: Carbon Balance Assessment / Rocky Lemus and Rattan Lal
• Biofuels versus Agricultural Soils / David Pimentel
• Biological Crusts / Jayne Belnap
• Biological Nitrogen Fixation / Robert H. Burris
• Biological Nitrogen Fixation: Contributions to Agriculture / Mark B. Peoples
• Biological Nitrogen Fixation: Enhancement Techniques / David Francis Herridge
• Biological Nitrogen Fixation: Forms and Regulating Factors / Ken E. Giller and Paul Mapfumo
• Biota / Lev O. Karpachevsky and Mikhail Karpachevsky
• Biota and Disease-Suppressive Soils / Nicola Lorenz
• Biotechnology / Manas R. Banerjee and Laila Yesmin
• Boreal Forest / Galina Mazhitova
• Boron and Molybdenum / Umesh C. Gupta and J.A. MacLeod
• Brick Making: Soil Degradation / G.S. Dheri, Babu S. Brar, and Debankur Sanyal
• Bulk Density / Kwong Yin Chan
• Bunch Planting: Water Conservation / B.A. Stewart
• C
• Calcification / Janis L. Boettinger
• Calcium / Zdenko Rengel
• Carbon Assessment: Spectroscopic Methods / James B. Reeves III and Gregory W. McCarty
• Carbon Sequestration: Fish Ponds / Subhendu Adhikari and Rattan Lal
• Carbon Sequestration: Geologic / Eswaran Padmanabhan
• Carbon Sequestration: Iceland / Anna María Ágústsdóttir
• Carbon Sequestration: Nutrient Management / M.C. Manna, Muneshwar Singh, R.H. Wanjari, Asit Mandal, and A.K. Patra
• Carbon Sequestration: Sediments / Eswaran Padmanabhan
• Carbon Sequestration: Semiarid Regions of India / Cherukumalli Srinivasa Rao, Sumanta Kundu, and Srinivas K.
• Carbon Sequestration: Urban Ecosystems / Adam Louis Selhorst
• Carbon Sink Capacity: Soil Profile Characteristics / Yuri Lopes Zinn
• Carbon: Inelastic Neutron Scattering / Lucian Wielopolski
• Carbon: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy / Michael H. Ebinger, Ronny D. Harris, and Clifton W. Meyer
• Carbon: Physical Protection / Jennifer A.J. Dungait and David W. Hopkins
• Carbonates / Douglas W. Ming
• Carbonates: Secondary and Pedogenic / Ahmet R. Mermut and A. Landi
• Carbonates: Water and / Michael Duniway
• Care of Soil / Delia C. Catacutan
• Cerrado / Igo F. Lepsch
• Chemical Composition / Goro Uehara
• Chemisorption / N.J. Barrow
• Chernozems / Boris Boincean and Rattan Lal
• Chlorine / Uzi Kafkafi and Guohua Xu
• Classification Systems / Stephen Nortcliff
• Classification Systems: Arab Traditional, Moroccan Case / Mohamed Sabir and Hassan Ben Jelloun
• Classification Systems: Australian and New Zealand / Terry A. Isbell and A.E. Hewitt
• Classification Systems: Brazilian / A.C.S. da Costa and M.R. Nanni
• Classification Systems: Canadian / Charles Tarnocai
• Classification Systems: Chinese / Zi-Tong Gong
• Classification Systems: French / Jean-Paul Legros
• Classification Systems: Historical Developments / Dan H. Yaalon
• Classification Systems: Indian / Mariappan Velayutham, Tapas Bhattacharyya, and Dilip Kumar Pal
• Classification Systems: Indigenous / Erhan Akça and Selim Kapur
• Classification Systems: Major / Lars Krogh
• Classification Systems: Netherlands / Alfred E. Hartemink and Henk de Bakker
• Classification Systems: Russian / Maria Gerasimova
• Classification Systems: South African / Jeffrey C. Hughes
• Clay Minerals / C.D. Barton and Anastasios D. Karathanasis
• Clay Minerals: Charge Properties / Christopher John Matocha
• Clay Minerals: Weathering and Alteration of / Anastasios D. Karathanasis
• Climate / Alexander N. Gennadiyev and Serge S. Chernyanskii
• Climate Change: Gas Fluxes / Pascal Boeckx and Oswald Van Cleemput
• Climate Change: Soil Carbon Sequestration / Sherwood E. Idso and Keith E. Idso
• Cobalt and Iodine / Ronald G. McLaren
• Collembola / Steve P. Hopkin
• Color / Robin N. Thwaites
• Compaction / William E. Wolfe
• Conditioning Index / Ted M. Zobeck, M. Lee Norfleet, and Douglas L. Karlen
• Conservation Tillage / Jack Cline and Robert Hendershot
• Conserved Lands: Stewardship / Peter August, Janet Coit, and David Gregg
• Consistence / Ray McBride
• Consolidation / Tarunjit Singh Butalia
• Controlled Traffic / Randall C. Reeder
• Copper / Judith F. Pedler and David R. Parker
• Cover Crops / Jorge A. Delgado, D. Wayne Reeves, and Ronald F. Follett
• Crop Evapotranspiration: Measurement System / Huanjie Cai, Pute Wu, Zhijun Li, Xiaotao Hu, and Yufeng Zou
• Crop Management: Seasonally Frozen Soil / Brenton S. Sharratt
• Crop Plants: Phosphorus Availability / Bettina Eichler-Löbermann and Ewald Schnug
• Crop Residue Management / David L. Schertz and Dan Towery
• Crop Root Response to Temperature: Temperate Zone / Thomas C. Kaspar
• Crop Rotation and Farming Systems: Temperate Zone / Martin R. Carter
• Crop Rotation and Farming Systems: Tropical Smallholder Farm Systems / Stefan Hauser, Lindsey Norgrove, and Tarcisius Nyobe
• Crop Rotation and Farming Systems: Tropics and Subtropics and Swelling Soils / D.M. Freebairn, G.D. Smith, Robin D. Connolly, and Jeff N. Tullberg
• Crop Yield: Compaction / Muhammad Ishaq and Rattan Lal
• Croplands / B.A. Stewart
• Crops: Flooding Tolerance / Tara T. VanToai, Getachew Boru, and Jianhuan Zhang
• Cultivation: Raised-Bed / Kenneth D. Sayre
• Culture: Soil-less / Nazim Gruda, Giorgio Prosdocimi Gianquinto, Yuksel Tuzel, and Dimitrios Savvas
• Cycling: Carbon and Nitrogen (C/N) / Sylvie M. Brouder and Ronald F. Turco
• D
• Debris Flow / Jau-Yau Lu
• Degradation / Rosa M. Poch Claret and José A. Martínez-Casasnovas
• Degradation: Biological / Ibrahim Ortaş
• Degradation: Chemical / M. Rifat Derici
• Degradation: Critical Limits and Irreversible Degradation / Anthony R. Dexter and Michael A. Zoebisch
• Degradation: Economic Incentives and Investments / Dennis Wichelns
• Degradation: Farm-Level Economic Implications / Dennis Wichelns and Ellen Burnes
• Degradation: Food Aid Needs in Low-Income Countries / Shahla Shapouri and Stacey Rosen
• Degradation: Food Security and Poverty / Pierre Crosson
• Degradation: Greenhouse Effect / Eddy De Pauw and Michael A. Zoebisch
• Degradation: Mapping by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) / Zhanquo Bai and David Dent
• Degradation: Off-Farm Economic Implications / Dennis Wichelns and Ellen Burnes
• Degradation: Physical / Michael A. Zoebisch and Anthony R. Dexter
• Degradation: Quality and / Rattan Lal
• Desertification: Biological Productivity Decline / Uriel N. Safriel
• Desertification: Extent / Victor R. Squires
• Desertification: Greenhouse Effect / Craig Idso and Sherwood E. Idso
• Desertification: Humid Environment in Iceland / Andres Arnalds
• Desertification: Impact / David A. Mouat and Judith Lancaster
• Desertification: Mapping Constraints and Challenges / Pandi Zdruli, Michael Cherlet, and Claudio Zucca
• Desertification: Prevention and Restoration / Claudio Zucca, Susana Bautista, and Franco Previtali
• Desertification: Productivity / Kris M. Havstad
• Desertification: Restoration / Alon Tal
• Desertification: Reversal / David Tongway and John Ludwig
• Desertization: Irreversible Extension of Desert Land / Henry Noel LeHouérou
• Developing Countries: Economics of Soil Management / Stefano Pagiola
• Diagnostic Horizons / E.M. Bridges
• Diffusivity: Measurement / Toru Nakajima
• Digital Soil Mapping / Budiman Minasny, Alex B. McBratney, and Florence Carré
• Drainage: Aeration and Trafficability / Norman R. Fausey
• Drainage: Anaerobiosis / Robert O. Evans
• Drainage: Water Quality / James L. Baker
• Drought: Drought Resistance / Graeme C. Wright and Nageswararao C. Rachaputi
• Drought: Precipitation, Evapotranspiration, and Soil Moisture / Joshua B. Fisher and Konstantinos M. Andreadis
• E
• Earthworms / Patrick J. Bohlen
• Eco-Agriculture / Norman Uphoff and Janice E. Thies
• Ecology: Cycling of Carbon and Nitrogen / Alan J. Franzluebbers
• Economics of Soil Management: U.S. / Jeffrey W. Hopkins
• Ecosystems: Life Attributes and Environment / Dennis R. Linden
• Enchytraeidae / María Jesús Iglesias Briones
• Entisols / Larry T. West
• Environmentally Friendly Indigenous Technologies / Selim Kapur and Erhan Akça
• Enzymes / Veronica Acosta-Martinez and Susanne Klose
• Erosion / Dennis C. Flanagan
• Erosion Management: Hill Soils / Narendra Kumar Lenka and B. Krishna Rao
• Erosion Tolerance / David L. Schertz and Mark A. Nearing
• Erosion: Aggregate Breakdown Mechanisms / Yves Le Bissonnais
• Erosion: Agronomic Practices / Glenn A. Weesies, David L. Schertz, and William F. Kuenstler
• Erosion: Assessment / John Boardman
• Erosion: Carbon Dioxide / Pierre A. Jacinthe and Rattan Lal
• Erosion: Controlling Irrigation-Induced / Robert E. Sojka and David L. Bjorneberg
• Erosion: Crop Yield / Michael Stocking
• Erosion: Disturbed Lands / William J. Elliot
• Erosion: Effects on Human Life / Neroli Pedro Cogo and Renato Levien
• Erosion: Fly-Ash Spheres as Time Marker / Kenneth R. Olson and Alexander N. Gennadiyev
• Erosion: Global Change / Xingxiang Wang, Taolin Zhang, Longxi Cao, and Yin Liang
• Erosion: On-Site and Off-Site Impacts / Jerry L. Hatfield
• Erosion: Overland Research and Measurement Techniques / Chia Chun Joseph Wu
• Erosion: Perennial Crop Plantations / Alfred E. Hartemink
• Erosion: Sedimentation Control Amendment Techniques / X.-C. (John) Zhang
• Erosion: Sedimentation Control Vegetative Techniques / Samson D. Angima
• Erosion: Snowmelt / Donald K. McCool
• Erosion: Soil Conservation / Eric T. Craswell
• Erosion: Water Quality / Andreas Klik
• Erosivity and Erodibility / Peter I.A. Kinnell
• Volume II: Ethics—Pollution
• E
• Ethics / John Ronald Engel
• Eutrophication / Thomas G. Franti and Kyle D. Hoagland
• Evaporation / William P. Kustas
• Evolution: Soil Seed Bank / Paul B. Cavers and David Susko
• F
• Fauna / Mary C. Savin
• Fauna and Microflora: Macrofauna / Judy Tisdall
• Fertility Decline: Definitions and Assessment / Alfred E. Hartemink
• Fertility: Environmentally Compatible Management / Bal Ram Singh
• Fertility: Evaluation Systems / Ram C. Dalal and A. Subba Rao
• Fertility: Low Input and Traditional Maintenance Methods / Miguel Altieri
• Fertility: North China Plains / Xiangbin Kong and Rattan Lal
• Fertilizers: Application Methods / John Ryan
• Fertilizers: Leaching Losses / Paul G. Saffigna and Ian R. Phillips
• Fertilizers: Mineral / L.L. Hammond and Balu L. Bumb
• Fertilizers: Organic / Gary J. Gascho
• Fertilizers: Types and Formulations / Douglas Robert McGuffog
• Fertilizers: Urban Waste and Sludges / Rory O. Maguire and James Thomas Sims
• Fire and Soils / Partap K. Khanna and John Raison
• Fluid Flow: Modeling / John L. Nieber
• Food Crops: Zinc and Iron Biofortification / Yashbir Singh Shivay and Rajendra Prasad
• Food Security and Soil Water Management / Mark W. Rosegrant, Ephraim Nkonya, and Rowena A. Valmonte-Santos
• Food Security: Agricultural Productivity and Resources / Keith D. Wiebe
• Food Security: Soil Degradation, Global Scale / Michael A. Zoebisch and Eddy De Pauw
• Food Security: Soil Degradation, Local and Eco-Regional Scale / Sara J. Scherr
• Forest Soils / Nicholas Comerford and Thomas Fox
• Forest Soils: Calcium Depletion / Tom G. Huntington
• Forest Soils: Major / Ken Van Rees
• Forest Soils: Nutrient Cycling / Neil W. Foster and Jagtar S. Bhatti
• Forest Soils: Properties and Site Productivity / Paul A. Arp and Helmut H. Krause
• Freeze and Thaw: Diurnal / Joseph L. Pikul
• Frozen Soils: Water Relations / John M. Baker
• Fungi / Serita Frey
• Future of Soil Science / Eric C. Brevik, Samuel J. Indorante, Dylan E. Beaudette, and Richard W. Arnold
• G
• Gas and Vapor Phase Transport / Dennis E. Rolston
• Gelisols / James G. Bockheim
• Geologic Carbon Capture and Storage / Sean I. Plasynski, John T. Litynski, Timothy R. Carr, Howard G. McIlvried, and Rameshwar D. Srivastava
• Geology and Soil / Kenneth R. Olson
• Geomorphology / Robin N. Thwaites
• Geophysical Methods / Barry J. Allred, Viacheslav I. Adamchuk, Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel, Jim Doolittle, Robert S. Freeland, Katherine R. Grote, and Dennis L. Corwin
• Geostatistics / Anja Gassner and Ewald Schnug
• GIS Integration: Remote Sensing / Egide Nizeyimana
• Global Resources / Paul Reich and Hari Eswaran
• Grass Strip Hydrology / Hossein Ghadiri and Calvin W. Rose
• Grasslands Soils / Douglas D. Malo
• Grazing Lands: Gaseous Emissions / Lipismita Samal, Veerasamy Sejian, M. Bagath, R.U. Suganthi, Raghavendra Bhatta, and Rattan Lal
• Green Revolution: China North Eastern Plains / Xiangbin Kong and Rattan Lal
• Greenhouse Effect / Rattan Lal
• Growing Media / Nazim Gruda, Jean Caron, Munoo Prasad, and Michael Maher
• Gulley Erosion / Fenli Zheng, Chihua Huang, and Ximeng Xu
• Gypsic Soils / Juan Herrero and Jaime Boixadera
• Gypsic Soils: Gypsum Formation / Ahmet R. Mermut and Hossein Khademi
• H
• Hard-Setting Soils / Richard S.B. Greene
• Health / Robin F. Harris and D.E. Romig
• Heat and Water Movement / Gerald N. Flerchinger
• Heat Capacity / Surinder Kumar Jalota and B.S. Ghuman
• Heat Flux / Thomas J. Sauer
• Heavy Metals / Mike J. McLaughlin
• History of Soil Science / Eric C. Brevik and Artemi Cerdà
• History of Soil Science: 1927–2000 / Fred P. Miller
• History of Soil Science: Early to Mid-20th Century / John P. Tandarich
• Histosols / David L. Lindbo and Deborah A. Kozlowski
• Human Culture and Soils / Daniel Hillel
• Human Dimensions: Soil Sustainability / Mary Seely, Patrik Klintenberg, and Claus Hager
• Human Health and Soil / Charles F. Sing and David B. Sing
• Human Society and Soil / Rattan Lal
• Human Society and the Planet: Soil as a Heritage / Fred P. Miller
• Hydraulic Conductivity / Jacob H. Dane, Marc Jalbert, and Jan W. Hopmans
• Hydrologic Cycle / Keith R.J. Smettem
• Hydropedology / Henry Lin
• Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds / Tomas Simon
• Hydrophobicity / Joerg Bachmann, Abraham Marmur, and Markus Deurer
• I
• Inceptisols / John M. Galbraith, Kenneth Scheffe, and Shawn McVey
• India: Problems and Potentialities / S.K. Singh, S. Chattaraj, N.G. Patil, S.K. Ray, and S. Chatterji
• Indigenous Soil Management / Karl Herweg
• Indo-Gangetic Plain: Agro-Ecological Regions / Jaya N. Surya, R.P. Yadav, G.S. Sidhu, and S.K. Singh
• Industrial Waste / Warren Dick
• Infiltration: Management / Jutta Rogasik, Kerstin Panten, Ewald Schnug, and Helmut Rogasik
• Infiltration: Properties / Walter J. Rawls
• Inorganic Carbon: Analysis / Richard R. Drees and C. Tom Hallmark
• Inorganic Carbon: Climate and Time / Lee C. Nordt
• Inorganic Carbon: Composition and Formation / H. Curtis Monger and Larry P. Wilding
• Inorganic Carbon: Global Carbon Cycle / William H. Schlesinger
• Inorganic Carbon: Global Stocks / Larry P. Wilding, Lee C. Nordt, and John M. Kimble
• Inorganic Carbon: Land Use Impacts / Donald L. Suarez
• Inorganic Carbon: Modeling / Leslie D. McFadden and Ronald G. Amundson
• Insect Survival: Subzero Temperature / Mike M. Ellsbury
• Integrated Nutrient Management / Bal Ram Singh and Ram C. Dalal
• Integrated Nutrient Management: Sustainability / G.S. Saroa and Rattan Lal
• International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC) / David Dent
• International Union of Soil Sciences / Stephen Nortcliff
• Ion Exchange / Bryon W. Bache
• Iron Oxides / Nikolla P. Qafoku and James Amonette
• Irrigation / Jack Keller
• Irrigation: Efficiency / Terry A. Howell
• Irrigation: Erosion / Robert E. Sojka and David L. Bjorneberg
• Irrigation: Historical Perspective / Robert E. Sojka, David L. Bjorneberg, and J.A. Entry
• Irrigation: Soil Salinity / James D. Rhoades
• J
• Jhum: Cultivation / Arun Jyoti Nath, Biplab Brahma, Rattan Lal, and Ashesh Kumar Das
• Jhum: Shifting Agriculture / P.S. Ramakrishnan
• L
• Land Capability Analysis / Michael J. Singer
• Land Capability Classification / Thomas E. Fenton
• Land Evaluation / J. Herbert Huddleston
• Land Forms / Carolyn G. Olson
• Land Husbandry / Francis Shaxson and Malcolm Douglas
• Land Restoration / Richard W. Bell
• Land Use: Historic / J. Douglas Helms, Hari Eswaran, and Paul Reich
• Land Use: Land Cover / Andrew K. Skidmore
• Land Use: Planning and Geographic Information System (GIS) / Egide Nizeyimana and Jacob Opadeyi
• Landfill Sites: Revegetation / Gilbert Yuk-sing Chan and Ming H. Wong
• Landscape / George Hall
• Landscape: Classification / Philip Schoeneberger
• Landscape: Development and Erosion / Jon Harbor
• Landscape: Elements / Douglas Wysocki and C. William Zanner
• Landscape: Relationships / Timothy A. Quine
• Landslide and Landcreep / Jau-Yau Lu and Hao-Jung Shieh
• Law and Legal Issues / Ian Hannam and Ben Boer
• Law and Legal Issues: Land as Property / Paul Martin and John Page
• Leaching and Illuviation / Lynn E. Moody
• Liming and Lime Materials / Mark K. Conyers
• Loess / Fred E. Rhoton and Helaine W. Markewich
• Loess Plateau / Fenli Zheng, Ximeng Xu, and Xiubin He
• Low-Carbon Technology: Brazilian Semiarid Ecosystems / Antonio Pereira Filho, Vanderlise Giongo, Tony Jarbas Ferreira Cunha, Jose Texeira Filho, Tayane de Lima Santos, and Luiz Fernando Carvalho Leite
• Lower Himalayas: Soil Management / Anup Das, Ramkrushna Gi, Badapmain Makdoh, Dibyendu Sarkar, Jayanta Layek, Sandip Mandal, and Rattan Lal
• M
• Macroporosity / Daniel Gimenez and Daniel Hirmas
• Magnesium / N.S. Bolan, K. Arulmozhiselvan, and P. Paramasivam
• Manganese: Brazilian Soils / Diego Antonio França de Freitas, Nilton Curi, and Nestor Kämpf
• Manure Management: Gaseous Emissions / Veerasamy Sejian, Lipismita Samal, M. Bagath, R.U. Suganthi, Raghavendra Bhatta, and Rattan Lal
• Manure: Compost and Biosolids / Bahman Eghball and Kenneth A. Barbarick
• Mapping Soil Carbon / Budiman Minasny, Brendan Malone, and Alex B. McBratney
• Mapping Soil Carbon: Stocks in Turkey / Gönül Aydin, Mehmet Ali Çullu, Sabit Erşahin, Erhan Akça, Emrah Erdogan, Levent Atatanir, Alper Yorulmaz, Ahmet Çilek, Merve Ersoy, Somayyeh Rezzaghi Miavaghi, Selim Kapur, and Rattan Lal
• Materials and Soils / Selim Kapur, Erhan Akça, and Takanori Nagano
• Mediterranean Agriculture: Rainfed, Nitrogen Use Efficiency / Àngela D. Bosch Serra
• Metal—Clay Interactions / Dean Hesterberg
• Microbial Biomass: Measurement / K.R. Islam and S.R. Wright
• Microbial Communities / K.R. Islam and S.R. Wright
• Micromorphology and Soil Quality / Ahmet R. Mermut
• Micronutrients and Human Health / Ram Phal Narwal, R.S. Malik, S.K. Malhotra, and Bal Ram Singh
• Mine Soils: Measuring Geogenic Carbon / David A.N. Ussiri and Rattan Lal
• Mine Soils: Miscanthus Platations / Jose G. Guzman and Rattan Lal
• Mine Soils: Open Cut Mine Rehabilitation / Douglas J. Dollhopf
• Mine Soils: Reclamation and Soil Carbon Sequestration / Vasant A. Akala and Rattan Lal
• Minerals: Amorphous / April L. Ulery
• Minerals: Primary / Nikolaos I. Barbayiannis and Vissarion Z. Keramidas
• Minerals: Secondary / Deborah A. Soukup
• Minerals: Solubility / Wayne P. Robarge
• Minirhizotron / Verónica Muñoz-Romero, Luis López-Bellido, F. Javier López-Bellido, and Rafael J. López-Bellido
• Mites / Hans Klompen
• Modern Civilization and Soils / Kenneth R. Olson
• Mulch Farming / Rattan Lal
• Mycorrhiza of Forest Ecosystems / Ian A. Dickie
• Mycorrhizae: Soil Quality / Ibrahim Ortaş
• N
• Nanofertilizers / Ruiqiang Liu and Rattan Lal
• Natural Resources: Interaction with Soil / Dennis J. Greenland
• Nematodes / Christien H. Ettema
• Nematodes and Soil / Wilfrida Decraemer
• Nexus Approach: Resource Management for Soil Productivity / Kai Schwärzel, Reza Ardakanian, Tamara Avellán, and Lulu Zhang
• Nitrate Leaching Index / Harold M. van Es and Jorge A. Delgado
• Nitrate Leaching Management / John J. Meisinger, Jorge A. Delgado, and Ashok Alva
• Nitrogen and its Transformations / Oswald Van Cleemput and Pascal Boeckx
• Nitrogen Index / Jorge A. Delgado
• Nitrogen-15: Utilization / Jorge Benitez-Vega, Luis López-Bellido, Ramón Redondo, and Rafael J. López-Bellido
• Nitrous Oxide Emissions: Agricultural Soils / John R. Freney
• Nitrous Oxide Emissions: Paddy Soils / Jianfu Xue, Xin Zhao, and Hailin Zhang
• Nitrous Oxide Emissions: Sources, Sinks, and Strategies / Katsu Minami
• No Till / Paul W. Unger
• Nutrient Management / Jorge A. Delgado
• Nutrient Management: Fertility and / John L. Havlin
• Nutrients: Deficiency and Toxicity Symptoms / Noel J. Grundon
• Nutrients: Diffusion, Bioavailability, and Plant Uptake / Niels Erik Nielsen
• Nutrients: Interactions in Soil—Plant System / Fusuo S. Zhang, J. Shen, and Y.-G. Zhu
• Nutrients: Water Interactions / Ardell D. Halvorson
• O
• Organic Agriculture / Kathleen Delate
• Organic Carbon: Assessment Methods / K.R. Islam
• Organic Carbon: Sequestration Concepts / Kenneth R. Olson
• Organic Carbon: Subsoil Pools / Klaus Lorenz and Rattan Lal
• Organic Farming: China / Yuxin Miao, Fusuo Zhang, and Fanghao Wang
• Organic Fertilization: Heavy Metal Uptake / Ewald Schnug, Alexandra Izosimova, and Renata Gaj
• Organisms and Soil Food Webs / David C. Coleman
• Organo-Mineral Relationships / Claire Chenu, Alain F. Plante, and Pascale Puget
• Oxisols / Stanley W. Buol
• P
• Pampas, The / Martín Díaz-Zorita and Daniel E. Buschiazzo
• Pantanal, The / Henrique de Oliveira, Amaury de Carvalho Filho, Carlos Ernesto Reynauld G. Schaefer, and Evaldo Luis Cardoso
• Paramos Soils / Pascal Podwojewski and Jérôme Poulenard
• Particle Density / Keith R.J. Smettem
• Particle Packing / Satish C. Gupta and D.P. Thoma
• Particle Shape / Brian M. Schafer
• Particle Size / Hwat Bing So and Harold R. Geering
• Peatlands / Dale H. Vitt and Paul Short
• Pedological Modeling / Ronald G. Amundson
• Pedometrics / Alex B. McBratney and Budiman Minasny
• Pedotransfer Functions / J.H.M. Wösten
• Permafrost: Soil Temperature and Special Problems / Douglas Kane and Julia Boike
• Petrocalcic Horizons / Alain Ruellan
• pH / Grant W. Thomas
• Phosphorus / John Ryan and Abdul Rashid
• Phosphorus: Manure and Diet Modification / Rory O. Maguire, John T. Brake, and Peter W. Plumstead
• Phosphorus: Plant Nutrition and Microorganism Contribution / Bettina Eichler-Löbermann, Christel Baum, Silke Ruppel, and Ewald Schnug
• Phosphorus: Spatial Speciation in Agricultural Soils / Anja Gassner and Ewald Schnug
• Phytoremediation / Khan Towhid Osman and Md. Abul Kashem
• Plant Growth: Oxygen Diffusion Rate / Witold Stepniewski
• Plant Nutrients / Volker Roemheld
• Plant Nutrients: Intensity, Quantity, and Buffer Power / Ram C. Dalal
• Plant Nutrients: Sufficiency and Requirements / Kanwar L. Sahrawat
• Plastic Properties / Gunnar Kirchhof
• Plinthite and Petroplinthite / Eswaran Padmanabhan and Hari Eswaran
• Podzols / Peter Buurman
• Polar Regions, The / Charles Tarnocai and Iain Campbell
• Pollution / Zulkuf Kaya
• Pollution: Industrial Waste / Winfried E.H. Blum, Walter W. Wenzel, Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl, and Martin H. Gerzabek
• Pollution: Non-Point Source / Ravendra Naidu, Mallavarapu Megharaj, Peter Dillon, Rai Kookana, Ray Correll, and Walter W. Wenzel
• Pollution: Organic and Inorganic / A. Paul Schwab
• Pollution: Persistent Organic / Mark Radosevich and E. Danielle Rhine
• Pollution: Point Source / Ravendra Naidu, Mallavarapu Megharaj, Peter Dillon, Rai Kookana, Ray Correll, and Walter W. Wenzel
• Volume III: Porosity through World
• P
• Porosity: Pore Size Distribution / Keith C. Cameron and Graeme D. Buchan
• Potassium / Philippe Hinsinger
• Potassium: Dynamics and Mineralogy / A.V. Shanwal and S.S. Dahiya
• Potassium: Nutrition in Semi-Arid Tropics / D.L. Oswalt
• Power Plants: Carbon Dioxide Capture / Sean I. Plasynski, Thomas J. Feeley, Timothy Fout, Howard G. McIlvried, and Rameshwar D. Srivastava
• Precision Agriculture: Engineering Aspects / Joel T. Walker, Reza Ehsani, and Matthew O. Sullivan
• Precision Agriculture: Fertilization / Silvia H. Haneklaus and Ewald Schnug
• Precision Agriculture: Nutrient Cycling / Robert J. Lascano
• Precision Agriculture: Remote Sensing / Kerstin Panten, Holger Lilienthal, Erik Zillmann, Silvia H. Haneklaus, and Ewald Schnug
• Productivity: Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbances / Douglas G. Maynard and Charlotte E. Norris
• Protection: Policy of the European Union / Irene L. Heuser and Luca Montanarella
• Protozoa / Bryan S. Griffiths
• Pyrite / Michael J. Borda
• Pyrogenic Carbon / Barry G. Rawlins
• Q
• Quality / Ed G. Gregorich
• Quality Index: Soil / Toru Nakajima
• Quality: Assessment by Interpolation Techniques / Vincent Obade
• Quality: Carbon and Nitrogen Gases / Philippe Rochette, Reynald Lemke, and Sean McGinn.
• Quality: Critical Limits and Standardization / Martin R. Carter
• Quality: Erosion / Craig Ditzler
• Quality: Indicators / Graham P. Sparling
• Quality: Productivity / Mike H. Beare
• Quality: Soil and Water / Todd Nissen and Michelle Wander
• R
• Radiometric Survey / Barry G. Rawlins and Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel
• Radionuclides / Philip M. Jardine
• Raindrop Impact and Splash Erosion / Hossein Ghadiri
• Rapid Soil Analysis: Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy / Keith D. Shepherd and Markus G. Walsh
• Rare Earth Elements / Zhengyi Hu, Gerd Sparovek, Silvia H. Haneklaus, and Ewald Schnug.
• Redox Phenomena / Bruce R. James
• Rehabilitation: Indicators and Monitoring / David Jasper
• Religious Aspects of Soil—Human Relationships / Verena Winiwarter and Winfried E.H. Blum
• Rendzina / Thomas E. Fenton
• Resilience / Moses M. Tenywa, J.G.M. Majaliwa, and A. Lufafa
• Resilience: Land Use and Soil Management / Soojin J. Park
• Resilience: Quality and / Rattan Lal
• Resilience: Restoration / F.W.T. Penning de Vries and Eric T. Craswell
• Respiration / Pierre A. Jacinthe and Rattan Lal
• Restoration Ecology / Richard Hobbs
• Restoration: Success and Completion Criteria / Sam C. Ward
• Rice Paddies: Methane Emissions / Ronald L. Sass
• Rice Paddies: Methane Emissions, Mitigating / Kazuyuki Yagi
• Rice Paddies: Methanogenesis / Ronald L. Sass
• Rice Paddies: Soil Management / Xin Zhao, Jianfu Xue, and Hailin Zhang
• Rocks / Vsevolod V. Dobrovolsky
• Root Growth: Pressure at the Soil—Root Interface / Rabi K. Misra
• Root Monitoring System / Zhikuan Jia, Pute Wu, Qingfang Han, Junfeng Nie, Ruixia Ding, and Yufeng Zou
• S
• Salt-Affected Soils / Anna Eynard, Rattan Lal, and Keith D. Wiebe
• Salt-Affected Soils: Nitrous Oxide Emissions / G.S. Dheri, Babu S. Brar, and Debankur Sanyal
• Satellite Mapping / Bruce E. Frazier
• Scaling Effects / Yakov A. Pachepsky, Walter J. Rawls, and John W. Crawford
• Sediment: Influence on Aquatic Life / Suzanne M. Gray
• Sedimentation Control and Erosion: Engineering Techniques / Jose Miguel Reichert and Elemar Antonino Cassol
• Seepage / Patricia M. Gallagher
• Selenium / Gunnar Gissel-Nielsen
• Serpentinitic Soils / Rebecca Burt and Michael A. Wilson
• Sesquioxides / Joey N. Shaw and Larry T. West
• Shrinkage / Des McGarry and Don F. Yule
• Silica: Pedogenic Accumulation / Katherine J. Kendrick
• Silicon and Sodium / Jian Feng Ma
• Slaking, Dispersion, and Crust Formation / Hwat Bing So
• Social and Behavioral Sciences’ Contribution to Soil Science / Sven B. Lundstedt
• Sodic Soils / Pichu Rengasamy
• Sodic Soils: Formation and Global Distribution / Brian Murphy
• Sodic Soils: Humid Regions / Samuel J. Indorante
• Sodic Soils: Irrigation Farming / David Burrow
• Sodic Soils: Physical Properties and Behavior / Hwat Bing So
• Sodic Soils: Processes, Characteristics, and Classification / Pichu Rengasamy
• Sodic Soils: Reclamation / Jock Churchman
• Sodicity: Subsoil / Kwong Yin Chan
• Soil Carbon Map: Africa / Arwyn Jones, Roland Hiederer, and Luca Montanarella
• Soil Carbon Sequestration: Ethiopia / Ambachew Demessie, Bal Ram Singh, and Rattan Lal
• Soil Carbon: Compositional and Isotopic Analysis / James Moran, M. Lizabeth Alexander, and Alexander Laskin
• Soil Carbon: Farming and Economic Aspects / Bruce A. McCarl
• Soil Conservation: Incentives / David Sanders
• Soil Conservation: Strategies / Winfried E.H. Blum
• Soil Conservation: U.S. Historical Perspective / Dana D. York
• Soil Degradation: Global Assessment / Selim Kapur and Erhan Akça
• Soil Enzymes / Cherukumalli Srinivasa Rao, Minakshi Grover, Sumanta Kundu, and Susheelendra Desai
• Soil Organic Matter (SOM) / Rattan Lal
• Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Accumulation / Sylvie A. Quideau
• Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Available Water Capacity / Tom G. Huntington
• Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Characterization / Christian Feller
• Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Composition and Dynamics / Cornelia Rumpel, M.F. Dignac, and Abad Chabbi
• Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Global Carbon Cycle / Keith Paustian
• Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Global Distribution / Wilfred M. Post
• Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Historical Concepts / Christian Feller
• Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Landscape / Henry H. Janzen, B.H. Ellert, and D.W. Anderson
• Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Management / R. Cesar Izaurralde and Carlos C. Cerri
• Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis / Nikola Tolic, Malak M. Tfaily, Yufeng Shen, Rosalie Chu, Thomas Fillmore, Rui Zhao, Kent Bloodsworth, Errol Robinson, Ljiljana Paša-Tolić, and Nancy J. Hess
• Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Modeling / Peter Smith
• Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Molecular Simulations / Amity Andersen
• Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Nutrient Dynamics / Charles W. Rice
• Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Solvent-Based High Resolution Mass Spectrometry / Malak M. Tfaily, Yufeng Shen, Nikola Tolic, Jennifer Kyle, Rosalie Chu, Thomas Fillmore, Rui Zhao, Kent Bloodsworth, Errol Robinson, Ljiljana Paša-Tolić, and Nancy J. Hess
• Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Structure and Characterization / Georg Guggenberger
• Soil Organic Matter (SOM): Turnover / Johan Six and Julie D. Jastrow
• Soluble Salts: Translocation and Accumulation / Jimmie L. Richardson
• Solute Transport / Arne E. Olsen and James W. Jawitz
• Spectral Mixtures: Soil—Plant / Alfredo R. Huete
• Spodosols / Delbert Mokma
• Strontium / Silvia H. Haneklaus and Ewald Schnug
• Structure / Eileen J. Kladivko
• Structure: Belowground Management / Ken A. Olsson and Bruce Cockroft
• Structure: Earthworms / Martin Shipitalo and Tayfun Korucu
• Structure: Pedological Concepts and Water Flow / Clinton C. Truman and Donald P. Franzmeier
• Structure: Plant Establishment / Douglas L. Karlen
• Structure: Roots / Alvin J.M. Smucker
• Sub-Irrigation / Norman R. Fausey
• Sugarcane Fields: Harvest Systems and Residue Management / Newton La Scala Jr., Ricardo De Oliveira Bordonal, Eduardo Barretto De Figueiredo, Alan Rodrigo Panosso, Mara Regina Moitinho, and Mariana Marotti Corradi
• Sulfate and Sulfide Minerals / Delvin S. Fanning and Steven N. Burch
• Sulfur / Ewald Schnug, Silvia H. Haneklaus, and Elke Bloem
• Sulfur: Chemical Behavior in the Rhizosphere / Zhengyi Hu, Silvia H. Haneklaus, and Ewald Schnug
• Sulfur: Nutrition / Silvia H. Haneklaus, Elke Bloem, and Ewald Schnug
• Surface Area: Specific / L.A. Graham Aylmore
• Surface Management / Kwong Yin Chan
• Surface Water: Nitrogen Enrichment / Tim P. Burt and Penny E. Widdison
• Surface Water: Pollution by Nitrogen Fertilizers / Gregory McIsaac
• Sustainable Agriculture: Social Aspects / Frederick H. Buttel
• Sustainable Agriculture: Soil Quality / John W. Doran and Ed G. Gregorich
• Sustainable Development and Sustainability / Alan D. Hecht and Joseph Fiksel
• T
• Tailings: Minerals Processing Residue Rehabilitation / Lloyd R. Hossner and Hamid Shahandeh
• Taxonomies: U.S. Soil Taxonomy and Indian Scenario / Tapas Bhattacharyya and Dilip Kumar Pal
• Taxonomy / Mark H. Stolt
• Temperature Measurement / Kevin McInnes
• Tepetates: Mexico / Jorge D. Etchevers, Claudia Hidalgo, C. Prat, and P. Quantin
• Termites / David E. Bignell and John A. Holt
• Terra Preta (Black Earths) / Kurt Spokas, Jose Marques Jr., Newton La Scala Jr., Ed Nater, and Diego S. Siqueira
• Terra Preta de Indio / Johannes Lehmann
• Testing / Yash P. Kalra and Jagtar S. Bhatti
• Texture / Harold R. Geering and Hwat Bing So
• Tillage Erosion: Description and Process / Michael J. Lindstrom
• Tillage Erosion: Measurement Techniques / David A. Lobb
• Tillage Erosion: Properties and Productivity Effects / Tom E. Schumacher
• Tillage Erosion: Relationship to Water Erosion / Gerard Govers
• Tillage Erosion: Terrace Formation / Seth M. Dabney and Dalmo A.N. Vieira
• Tillage: Gas Exchange / Donald C. Reicosky
• Tilth / Jerry L. Hatfield
• Time and Space: Soils in / Neil E. Smeck and C. Lee Burras
• Torrential Erosion: Himalayas / Ram Prashad Yadav
• Trace Metal Contamination / Åsgeir Rossebø Almås and Bal Ram Singh
• Tropics and Subtropics / Hari Eswaran and Eswaran Padmanabhan
• Turbations / Brad D. Lee and Robert C. Graham
• Turfgrass: Protection of Soil and Water / James A. Murphy and Stephanie L. Murphy
• U
• Ultisols / Joey N. Shaw
• Uranium Contamination / Ewald Schnug, Roberta Bottino Montolar Sparovek, Maria del Carmen Lamas, Sylvia L. Kratz, Jurgen Fleckenstein, and Susanne Schroetter
• Urban Lands: Abandoned / Joshua W. Beniston and William D. Shuster
• Urban Lands: and Construction Sites / Wolfgang Burghardt
• Urban Lands: Management / Klaus Lorenz
• Urban Wastewater for Irrigation: Heavy Metals / P.S. Minhas and K. Lal
• Urea: Subsoiling and Controlled Release / Tangyuan Ning, Rattan Lal, Zengjia Li, and Min Zhang
• V
• Value of Soil to Humans / Rattan Lal
• Variability / Josef H. Görres
• Variability: Spatial / Brian Slater
• Variable Charge Soils: Mineralogy and Chemistry / Eric Van Ranst, Nikolla P. Qafoku, Andrew Noble, and Ren-kou Xu
• Vertisols / Wouter A. Blokhuis
• Vertisols: Surface Crack Management / J. Somasundaram, Nishant K. Sinha, Ashok K. Patra, and Rattan Lal
• Vesicular Crusts / Patrick Drohan
• Village Bamboos / Arun Jyoti Nath, Ashesh Kumar Das, and Rattan Lal
• W
• Waste Rock and Overburden Dumps: Rehabilitation / Martin V. Fey, R.D. O’Brien, and A.J. Mills
• Wastewater: Treatment and Utilization in Irrigation / Yona Chen and Jorge Tarchitzky
• Water Conservation / Paul W. Unger
• Water Content / Tom J. Jackson
• Water Content: Passive and Active Microwave Remote Sensing / Eric D. Warner and Gary W. Petersen
• Water Erosion / David Favis-Mortlock
• Water Erosion: Empirical Models / John M. Laflen
• Water Erosion: Hybrid Models / Jeffrey G. Arnold, Kevin W. King, and Jimmy R. Williams
• Water Erosion: Modeling / Calvin W. Rose
• Water Erosion: Process-Based Modeling / Mark A. Nearing
• Water Infiltration / Manoj K. Shukla and Rattan Lal
• Water Management: Computer Modeling / Laj R. Ahuja and Liwang Ma
• Water Management: Harvesting / Gary W. Frasier
• Water Management: Use Efficiency / David C. Nielsen
• Water Measurement: Methods / Des McGarry
• Water Range: Least-Limiting / Alvaro Pires da Silva, Beverly D. Kay, Cássio A. Tormena, Silvia Imhoff, Douglas L. Karlen, and Joseph G. Benjamin
• Water Retention / Satish C. Gupta and Dong Wang
• Water: Plant-Available / Argyrios Gerakis and Joe T. Ritchie
• Water-Repellent Soils / Anna Eynard, Rattan Lal, and Keith D. Wiebe
• Watershed Approach / Timothy R. Green and Jan van Schilfgaarde
• Watershed Management: Remote Sensing and GIS Applications / A.V. Shanwal and S.P. Singh
• Weathering / Dominique Righi
• Weathering: Carbon Sequestration / William Berry Lyons, Jerry M. Bigham, Anne E. Carey, and Rattan Lal
• Wetlands / Ralph W. Tiner
• Wetlands: Biodiversity / Jean-Claude Lefeuvre and Virginie Bouchard
• Wetlands: Carbon Sequestration / Virginie Bouchard and Matthew Cochran
• Wetlands: Conservation Policy / Clayton Rubec
• Wetlands: Economic Value / Gayatri Acharya
• Wetlands: Gaseous Emissions / S.K. Nag
• Wetlands: Methane Emission / Anna Ekberg and Torben Røjle Christensen
• Wetlands: Sedimentation and Ecological Engineering / Timothy C. Granata and Jay F. Martin
• Wind Erosion: Climate Change / Alan Busacca and David Chandler
• Wind Erosion: Control Measures / Gary L. Tibke
• Wind Erosion: Environmental Effects / R. Scott Van Pelt
• Wind Erosion: Field Measurement / R. Scott Van Pelt and Ted M. Zobeck
• Wind Erosion: Global Hot Spots / Andrew Warren
• Wind Erosion: Micrometeorology / Giles F.S. Wiggs
• Wind Erosion: Modeling / Lawrence J. Hagen
• Wind Erosion: Principles / Larry D. Stetler
• Wind Erosion: Soil Quality and Productivity / John Leys
• Windblown Dust / Dale Gillette
• Wind-Driven Rain: Erosion / Gunay Erpul, L. Darrell Norton, and Donald Gabriels
• World Reference Base for Soil Resources / Peter Schad and Stefaan Dondeyne