The SAGE Encyclopedia of Political Behavior explores the intersection of psychology, political science, sociology, communications, and human behavior to better understand why and how people interact with political processes. The encyclopedia integrates theories, research, and case studies from a variety of disciplines to help readers better understand the complexities of political behavior.

Table of Contents

• Dedication
• Reader's Guide
• About the Editor
• Contributors
• Introduction
• A
• Absolutism
• Activism
• Advocacy
• Affirmative Action
• Aggressive Capitulation
• Agonism
• al Qaeda
• Alienation
• Allegiances
• Allocation
• American Dream
• American Exceptionalism
• Anti-Semitism
• Art in Political Campaigns
• Assassinations/Violence in Politics
• Assimilation
• Asymmetric Warfare
• Attitudes
• Attribution Theory
• Authoritarian Personality
• Authoritarianism
• B
• Bandwagoning State
• Barber's Typology of Presidential Character
• Bellicism
• Bicameralism
• Biopolitics
• Blaming the Victim
• Blue-Dog Democrats
• Brand Identity and Loyalty
• Bully Pulpit
• Bureaucratic Politics
• Bureaucratic Structure
• Business in Politics
• C
• Calculus of Dissent
• Capitalism
• Caste System
• Charisma
• Citizenship
• Civic and Political Knowledge and Skills
• Civic Engagement
• Civil Disobedience
• Civil Wars
• Civilian Intervention
• Civil-Military Relations
• Clash of Civilizations
• Clientelism
• Closure, Need for
• Cognitive Dissonance
• Collective Action
• Command of the Commons
• Communism
• Competitive Authoritarianism
• Confirmation Bias
• Conflict Theory
• Conflict Theory, Realistic
• Conflicts, Protracted
• Conformity
• Conservatism
• Conspiracies
• Contact Theory
• Corporatism
• Corruption
• Counter-Elite
• Counterinsurgency
• Crisis Decision Making and Management
• Cyberactivism
• Cyberwar
• D
• Death of Leaders
• Decision Making
• Decision Making, Political
• Defense Planning
• Democracy
• Dependency Theory
• Deterrence and Crime
• Deterrence and International Relations
• Development, Theories of
• Deviance and Control
• Dictatorship
• Diplomacy
• Direct Versus Indirect Democracy
• Discrimination
• Disengagement
• Distributive Justice
• Districting
• “Do No Harm” as a Code of Action
• Dogmatism
• Dominant Power Politics
• Drones
• Duverger's Law on Elections
• E
• Economic Judgment
• Economic-Based Voting Blocs
• Economics and Political Behavior
• Ecopolitics
• Egocentrism
• Egoistical Relative Deprivation
• Election Rigging
• Election Turnouts
• Electoral Systems
• Electoralism
• Elite Decision Making
• Elite Theory (Pareto)
• Emotions and Political Decision Making
• Emotions and Voting
• End of History and the Last Man, The (Fukuyama)
• End of History Thesis for Corporate Law
• End to Terrorism, Theories of
• Energy Competition
• English-Only Movement
• Environmental Skepticism
• Equality of Opportunity
• Equity Theory
• Essentialism
• Ethics in Politics
• Ethics of Political Behavior
• Ethnic Revival
• Ethnicity
• Ethnicity-Based Voting Blocs
• Ethnocentrism
• European Union
• Expected-Utility Model
• Extended Contact
• Extradition
• F
• False Consciousness
• Fascism
• Feckless Pluralism
• Feminism
• First Ladies
• Followership and Personality
• Framing Effects
• Fraternal Deprivation
• Free Market
• Free Rider Problem
• F-Scale
• Functionalism
• G
• Gender Bias
• Genetic Determinism
• Genetic Essentialism
• Genocide
• Gerontology, Sociopolitical
• Get-Out-the-Vote Efforts
• Glass Ceiling and Glass Cliff
• Globalization
• Governmentality
• Gray Political Organizations
• Greed Versus Grievance
• Greenstein's Six Components of Presidential Leadership
• Group Ideologies
• Group Relative Deprivation
• Groupthink
• H
• Hearts and Minds Approach
• Hegemony
• Heuristics
• Hierarchy of Needs
• Hostage Taking
• Human Duties
• Human Rights
• Human Trafficking
• Hybrid Regimes
• Hypocrisy Paradigm
• I
• Identity Politics
• Images and Theory in International Relations
• Imagined Contact
• Immigration
• Implicit Association Test
• Implicit Cognitive Processes and Voting
• Indoctrination
• Insurgency
• International Criminal Court
• International Humanitarian Law
• International Security
• Internet Jihadism
• Intractable Conflicts
• Irrationality
• Islam Versus Islamism
• Islamic State
• J
• Jihad
• Judicial Appointments
• Judicial Review
• Just War Theory
• Justice Motive
• K
• Keynesian Economics
• L
• Language Death
• Legitimacy, Forms of
• Liberalism
• Life Cycle Effects
• Lobbying
• Locus of Control
• Lone Wolf Terrorism
• M
• Machiavellianism
• Malthusian Cycle
• Management
• Maritime Terrorism
• Marxism
• Mass Communication
• Mass Political Behavior
• Materialism: Rational and Psychological Perspectives
• Media Framing
• Mediation Skills
• Meritocracy
• Migration
• Military Action
• Minority Voters
• Mission Statements
• Modernization Theory
• Moral Dilemmas
• Moral Hazard
• Morality and Politics
• Motivated Reasoning
• Multiculturalism
• Multilateralism
• Mutual Radicalization
• N
• Name Order
• Narcissism
• Narcissistic Personality Inventory
• Narcoterrorism
• National Character
• National Language
• Nationalism
• NATO
• Negative Peace
• Neoliberalism
• Neustadt's Theory of Presidential Power
• New Left
• News, Television
• Non-Aligned Nations
• Nonviolence
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Nuclear Taboo
• O
• Obedience
• Oligarchy
• Omniculturalism
• Optimal Distinctiveness Theory
• P
• Pacifism
• Parental Worldview and Children
• Parliamentarism
• Partisanship
• Party Identification
• Party List
• Party Systems
• Patriarchy
• Patrimonialism
• Patriotism
• Peacemaking
• Personality Traits
• Persuasion
• Physical Appearance and Political Candidates
• Pluralism
• Political Apologies
• Political Campaigns
• Political Candidates, Physical Appearance of
• Political Crimes
• Political Deliberation
• Political Discourse
• Political Ideology
• Political Indoctrination
• Political Mandates
• Political Morality
• Political Participation
• Political Persuasion and Rhetoric
• Political Plasticity
• Political Psychologies of Terrorism
• Political Socialization
• Political Symbolism
• Politics After Tragedy
• Polling
• Positioning Theory
• Positive Peace
• Poverty Trap
• Powerlessness
• Praetorianism
• Prejudice
• Presidential Character
• Presidentialism
• Pressure Groups
• Print Media
• Prisoner's Dilemma
• Procedural Justice
• Procedural Versus Substantive Fairness
• Profiling
• Proletariat and Capitalism
• Propaganda
• Prospect Theory
• Psychobiography
• Psychodynamic Theory
• Public Goods
• Public Opinion
• R
• Race and Ethnicity
• Racism
• Radicalization
• Rational Choice
• Rawls, John
• Realism
• Realistic Conflict Theory
• Reasoning, Motivated
• Reconciliation
• Refugees
• Relative Deprivation Theory
• Religion-Based Voting Blocs
• Religiosity
• Rentier State
• Rent-Seeking Behavior
• Representative Democracy
• Resource Mobilization
• Retributive Justice
• Ripeness Theory and Conflict Resolution
• Risky Shift
• Ritual in Politics
• Routes to Persuasion, Central and Peripheral
• Rule of Law
• Rural Voters
• S
• Saber Rattling
• Self-Categorization Theory
• Self-Esteem
• Self-Help Ideology
• Selfish Gene
• Significance, Need for
• Similarity-Attraction
• Slavery in America
• Sleeper Effect
• Social Capital
• Social Categories
• Social Class
• Social Cognition
• Social Contract
• Social Darwinism
• Social Dominance Orientation
• Social Dominance Theory
• Social Identity Theory
• Social Influence
• Social Investment Theory
• Social Movements
• Social Networking
• Social Revolts
• Social Stratification and Inequality
• Social Welfare
• Socialism and Communism
• Sociobiology
• Source Bias
• “Spoiler” Effect in Politics
• Springboard Model of Dictatorship
• Stability-Instability Paradox
• Stag Hunt
• State Development
• State-Sponsored Terror
• Stereotypes
• Strong President Model
• Suburban Voters
• Sultanism
• Symbolic Racism
• System Justification
• T
• Talking Heads and Political Campaigns
• Term Limits
• Terror Management Theory
• Terrorism, Theories and Models
• Terrorist Networks
• Theories of Development
• Theories of Terrorism
• Theories of Voting Behavior
• Third Party
• Tokenism
• Tolerance for Ambiguity
• Torture
• Totalitarianism
• Trafficking of Persons
• Tragedy of the Commons
• Transitioning Fragile States
• Transitology
• Trust
• U
• Unicameralism
• United Nations
• United Nations Security Council
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights
• Urban Voters
• Utopia
• V
• Values
• Values and Politics
• Veil of Ignorance in Rawlsian Theory
• Voter Disenfranchisement
• Voter Identification
• Voter Mobility
• Voting, History of
• Voting Behavior, Theories of
• Voting Blocs
• W
• Wars of Attrition
• Weber's Protestant Ethic
• Women and Leadership
• Women's Liberation Movement
• Y
• Youth and Political Change