Encyclopedia of Cardiovascular Research and Medicine offers researchers articles covering every aspect of cardiovascular research and medicine, including fully annotated figures, abundant color illustrations and links to supplementary datasets and references

Table of Contents

• Preface
• Volume 1
• A
• Adult Congenital Heart Disease
• Adverse Impact of Delayed Electrical Activation of the Heart and Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization
• AL Cardiac Amyloidosis: Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment
• Alcohol
• Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy
• Amyloid Cardiomyopathy
• Anemia in Heart Failure
• Angiogenesis
• Animal Models of Ischemic Heart Disease: From Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis to Myocardial Infarction
• Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index and Pulse Wave Velocity in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment
• Aortic Aneurysm
• Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure
• Arrhythmias in Cancer and Cancer Treatment: A Review
• Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
• Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy
• Athlete's Heart
• Atrial Tachycardia—Mechanisms and Management
• Atrioventricular Node Reentrant Tachycardia
• ATTR Cardiac Amyloidosis: Classification, Diagnosis, and Management
• B
• Behavior Modification and Cardiovascular Disease
• Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Sports Activity
• Bioinformatics Principles for Deciphering Cardiovascular Diseases
• Biomarkers in Heart Failure, Use of
• Biomarkers in Ischemic Heart Disease
• Biomarkers: Heart Failure
• Biomarkers: Population Screening and Risk-Stratification
• Biophysics of Ablation—Radiofrequency and Cryoablation
• Blood Pressure Variability Versus Blood Pressure Level in Risk Stratification
• Brugada Syndrome
• C
• Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology
• Cardiac and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
• Cardiac Arrhythmia in Heart Failure
• Cardiac Biomechanics in Normal Physiology and Disease
• Cardiac Fibroblast
• Cardiac Hypertrophy: Signaling and Cellular Crosstalk
• Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Heart Failure
• Cardiac Pacing and Monitoring: Past, Present, and Future
• Cardiac Regeneration and Stem Cells as Therapy for Heart Disease
• Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
• Cardiac Transplantation
• Cardiohepatic Interactions
• Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
• Cardiovascular Complications and Management in Sarcoidosis: A Review
• Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity
• Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
• Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation (Methods)
• Catheter Ablation for Ventricular Tachycardia
• Cellular Sinoatrial Node and Atrioventricular Node Activity in the Heart
• Chronic Infections of the Heart
• Chronic Kidney Disease as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease
• Clinical Assessment of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Patient
• Clinical Management of Inherited Arrhythmias
• Clinical Trials for Atrial Fibrillation—What Do We Know?
• Complications of Pregnancy and Future Cardiovascular Risk
• Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification for Hypertension and Lifestyle-Related Disease Under the New Guidelines
• Computational Systems Biology for the VEGF Family in Angiogenesis
• Congenital Heart Valve Disease in the Adult
• Coronary Anatomy
• Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
• Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
• Volume 2
• D
• Dairy Products and Cardiovascular Diseases
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Diagnosis and Imaging of Congenital Heart Disease
• Diagnosis of Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)
• Diet in Heart Failure
• Dietary Fat and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
• Digital Data (mHealth and Social Media)
• Diseases of the Mitral Valve
• Diuretic Therapy
• Driving and Syncope
• E
• Echocardiography in Heart Failure
• Echocardiography: Assessment of Valve Structure and Function
• Economics of Heart Failure
• Electrocardiographic Monitoring Strategies (Holter, Implantable Loop Recorder, in Between)
• Electrophysiology Approaches for Ventricular Tachycardia
• Emergency Medicine Approach and Management of Traumatic Injuries: An Overview
• Environmental Air Pollution: An Emerging Risk Factor for Stroke
• Environmental Risk Factors for Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease
• Epidemiology of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
• Epigenomics
• Exercise and Cardiac Rehabilitation in Heart Failure
• Exercise, Physical Activity, and Cardiovascular Disease
• Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
• F
• Familial Hypercholesterolemia
• Frailty in Heart Failure Patients
• G
• Genetic Atrial Fibrillation
• Genetic Disorders Involving Valve Function
• Genetic Disorders of the Vasculature
• Genetics of Heart Failure
• H
• Heart Development
• Heart Failure in African Americans
• Heart Failure in Cancer Patients
• Heart Failure in Low- to Middle-Income Countries
• Heart Failure in Minorities
• Heart Failure in the Elderly
• Heart Failure Monitoring
• Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
• Heart Regeneration with Stem Cell Therapies
• Heart–Lung Transplantation
• Hemodynamic Changes of Pregnancy
• Hemodynamics of the Right Heart in Health and Disease
• Hormonal Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure
• Hypertensive Heart Disease
• Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
• Volume 3
• I
• Imaging of Mitral Regurgitation
• Imaging: CT Scanning of the Heart and Great Vessels
• Imaging: Echocardiology—Assessment of Cardiac Structure and Function
• Immune Mechanisms in Cardiac Physiology
• Immune-Mediated Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis
• Implanted Pacemakers—Indications and Novel Programming
• Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes in Advancing Cardiovascular Medicine
• Infective Endocarditis in 21st Century
• Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders of the Aorta
• Inotropes in Heart Failure
• Interventions: Endomyocardial Biopsy
• Intra-aortic Balloon Pumps (IABP) and Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices (VADs)
• Ion Channelopathy Genetics
• Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
• K
• Kidney in Heart Failure
• L
• Lead-Related Complications
• Left and Right Ventricular Remodeling
• Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) and Circulatory Devices in Heart Failure
• Left-Sided Obstructive Congenital Heart Lesions: Including Hypoplastic Left Heart
• Lipid-Mediated Mechanisms in Atherosclerosis
• Lipids and Cardiovascular Diseases: Epidemiologic Perspectives
• Long QT Syndrome and Torsade de Pointes
• M
• Management and Care of Older Cardiac Patients
• Management of Cardiac Sarcoidosis
• Management of Patients With Implantable Cardiac Devices Referred for Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Rapidly Changing Landscape
• Management of Pregnancy With Underlying Congenital and Acquired Cardiac Disease
• Management of Ventricular Tachycardia in Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
• Managing Cardiovascular Disease in Sport and Athletes
• Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias: Molecular and Cellular Perspective
• Medical Management of Left Ventricular Assist Devices
• Metabolomics in Cardiovascular Research
• MicroRNAs in Cardiac Development and Function
• Microvasculature in Health and Disease
• Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in the Heart
• Modern Considerations in ICD Therapy
• MR Imaging of the Heart and the Great Vessels
• Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
• Myocardial Repair
• Myocarditis
• Myocarditis in Heart Failure
• N
• Neurohormonal Blockade
• Neurological Regulation of the Circulation
• Noninfective Inflammatory Disorders of the Pericardium
• Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Prognosis
• Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Management
• Nutrition—Macronutrients
• Nutrition: Soy and Fish
• O
• Obesity and the Obesity Paradox in Heart Failure
• Oral Health and Cardiovascular Disease: Recent Findings and Future View With a Novel Aspect
• Orthostatic Hypotension and Vasovagal Syncope
• Volume 4
• P
• Palliative Care in Advanced Heart Failure
• Pediatric Catheter Ablation
• Perioperative Management in Heart Failure
• Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
• Peripheral Arterial Disease
• Pharmacogenomics of Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation
• Pharmacology of Medications Used in the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
• Physical Examination: Heritable Cardiovascular Syndromes
• Physical Examination: Normal Examination in Adult Acquired and Congenital Heart Disease
• Physiological Adaptations of the Heart in Elite Athletes
• Practical Guide to Evidence-Based Management of Heart Failure in the Outpatient Setting
• Preclinical Cardiovascular Imaging
• Preeclampsia and Hypertension in Pregnancy
• Pregnancy and Cardiovascular Disease
• Proteomics
• Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
• Pulmonary Embolism
• Pulmonary Hypertension
• Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Left-Sided Heart Disease
• Q
• Quality Indicators for the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction
• R
• Recreational Drugs: Effects on the Heart and Cardiovascular System
• Relationship Between Vegetables and Fruits (Antioxidant Vitamins, Minerals, and Fiber) Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
• Remission and Recovery in Heart Failure
• Remote Monitoring of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices
• Right Heart Catheterization
• Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
• Risk Prediction
• Role of Coronary Artery Revascularization in Heart Failure
• Role of Digoxin in Heart Failure
• Role of Echocardiography in Selection, Implantation, and Management of Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy
• S
• Salt and Blood Pressure
• Sex and Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Disease
• Sex Differences in the Physiology and Pathology of the Aging Heart
• Signaling in Cardiac Physiology and Disease
• Sinus Tachycardias: Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia and Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
• Skeletal Muscle in Heart Failure
• Sleep and Circadian Cardiovascular Medicine
• Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Heart Failure Interactions and Controversies
• Socioeconomic Factors and CVD
• Stage A Heart Failure: Identification and Management of Heart Failure Risk Factors
• Stage B Heart Failure
• STEMI: Diagnosis
• STEMI: Management
• STEMI: Prognosis
• Structure and Function of the Adult Vertebrate Cardiovascular System
• Sudden Cardiac Death
• Surgical Management of Atrial Fibrillation
• T
• Takotsubo Syndrome
• Tobacco and Cardiovascular Diseases
• Total Artificial Heart
• Transcriptomics in Cardiovascular Medicine
• Transcriptome and Epigenome Applications for Coronary Heart Disease Research
• Transplant Arteriosclerosis
• Trends in the Incidence and Mortality of Cardiovascular Disease
• U
• Ultrafiltration for the Treatment of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
• Unstable Angina: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management
• V
• Vascular Guidance Cues
• Vascular Repair at the Interface of the Endothelium: The Roles of Protease-Activated Receptors and Neuregulin-1
• Vasculogenesis in Development
• Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
• Ventricular Assist Devices and Heart Transplantation
• Ventricular Fibrillation and Defibrillation
• Ventricular Remodeling in Heart Failure
• Ventricular Tachycardia in Ischemic and Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms and Diagnosis
• Ventricular Tachycardia in Structurally Normal Hearts
• W
• Wide QRS Complex Tachycardia: What is the Diagnosis?
• Wolff–Parkinson–White and Preexcitation Syndromes
• Z
• Zebrafish
• Zebrafish as a Tool to Study Congenital Heart Diseases