This exceptional text builds your knowledge of pharmacology by first providing an overview of pharmacologic principles and then teaching you how to apply those principles to clinical practice. Focusing on applying pharmacologic scientific knowledge to clinical practice, it explains diagnostic and treatment reasoning and rational drug selection, while providing useful clinical pearls from experienced practitioners.

Table of Contents

• PREFACE
• ABOUT THE AUTHORS
• CONTRIBUTORS
• REVIEWERS
• UNIT I. THE FOUNDATION
• Chapter 1 The Role of the Nurse Practitioner as Prescriber - Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP and Marylou V. Robinson, PhD, FNP-C
• ROLES OF REGISTERED NURSES IN MEDICATION MANAGEMENT
• Registered Nurses
• Advanced Practice Registered Nurses
• ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF APRN PRESCRIBERS
• ADVANCED KNOWLEDGE
• BENEFITS OF AN APRN AS PRESCRIBER
• CLINICAL JUDGMENT IN PRESCRIBING
• COLLABORATION WITH OTHER PROVIDERS
• Physicians
• Pharmacists
• Other APRNs
• Physician Assistants
• Nurses Not in Advanced Practice Roles
• CANADIAN NURSE PRACTITIONER PRACTICE
• CURRENT ISSUES AND TRENDS IN HEALTH CARE AND THEIR EFFECT ON PRESCRIPTIVE AUTHORITY
• Autonomy and Prescriptive Authority
• Interdisciplinary Teams
• Level of Education of Team Members
• Reimbursement
• Chapter 2 Review of Basic Principles of Pharmacology - Peter J. Rice, PharmD, PhD, BCPS
• PHARMACOLOGY—THE STUDY OF DRUGS
• HOW NEW DRUGS ARE DEVELOPED
• DRUG RESPONSES
• Dose-Response Curves
• Types of Drug Responses
• Expressing Drug Responses
• Drug Selectivity
• Drug Responses in the Real World
• Brand Versus Generic Drugs
• RECEPTORS
• Ion Channel Receptors
• Receptors Coupled to G Proteins
• Transmembrane Receptors
• Intracellular Receptors Regulating Gene Expression
• Enzymes
• Drug Action at Receptors
• Disease States and Receptors
• Non-receptor Mechanisms
• PHARMACOKINETICS
• Absorption
• Distribution
• Metabolism
• Drug Interactions
• Excretion
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 3 Rational Drug Selection - Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP
• THE PROCESS OF RATIONAL DRUG PRESCRIBING
• Define the Patient's Problem
• Specify the Therapeutic Objective
• Choose the Treatment
• Start the Treatment
• Educate the Patient
• Monitor Effectiveness
• DRUG FACTORS INFLUENCING DRUG SELECTION
• Pharmacodynamic Factors
• Pharmacokinetic Factors
• Therapeutic Factors
• Safety
• Cost
• Patient Factors
• Provider Factors
• INFLUENCES ON RATIONAL PRESCRIBING
• Pharmaceutical Promotion
• When Prescribing Recommendations Change
• Chapter 4 Legal and Professional Issues in Prescribing - Tracy Klein, PhD, FNP
• FEDERAL DRUG LAW
• History
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration Regulatory Jurisdiction
• The New Drug Approval Process
• Official Labeling
• Controlled Substance Laws
• Controlled Substance Prescribing Precautions
• CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE MISUSE: PRESCRIBER EDUCATION
• Behavioral Red Flags
• Pressure to Prescribe
• Enabling
• When You Suspect a Patient Is Misusing Medications
• Systemic Solutions to Problems of Controlled Substance Prescribing
• STATE LAW
• Jurisdiction
• Writing and Transmitting the Prescription
• ETHICAL ASPECTS OF PRESCRIBING
• Informed Consent
• Prescribing for Self, Family, or Friends
• Sale of Pharmaceuticals and Supplements
• NURSE PRACTITIONER ROLE OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES
• Chapter 5 Adverse Drug Reactions - Connie A. Valdez, PharmD, MSEd, BCPS; Anne E. Morgan, PharmD; and Peter J. Rice, PharmD, PhD, BCPS
• MECHANISTIC CLASSIFICATION OF ADRS
• TIME-RELATED CLASSIFICATION OF ADRS
• DOSE-RELATED ADRS
• SEVERITY OF ADRS
• COMMON CAUSES OF ADRS
• RISK FACTORS
• Genetics
• Age
• Gender
• Drug Interactions
• Medical Conditions
• DETECTION AND ASSESSMENT OF ADRS
• Responding to ADRs and Warnings
• Narranjo ADR Probability Scale
• ADR REPORTING
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 6 Factors That Foster Positive Outcomes - Marylou V. Robinson, PhD, FNP-C and Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP
• OVERVIEW OF NONADHERENCE
• Intentional Versus Nonintentional Nonadherence
• ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS
• ASYMPTOMATIC CONDITIONS
• CHRONIC CONDITIONS
• KNOWLEDGE DEFICIT AND PATIENT PERCEPTION
• Keys to Patient Education
• Health and Cultural Beliefs
• Medical Terminology Literacy
• Written Handouts
• COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS
• Longer-Acting Drugs
• Use of Reinforcements
• CAREGIVER'S ROLES
• The Pediatric Patient
• Caregiver's Quality of Life
• Behavioral Therapy
• COMPLEXITY OF DRUG REGIMEN AND POLYPHARMACY
• Personalized Drug Schedules
• Simplifying the Regimen
• FINANCIAL IMPACTS
• Cost Versus Complications
• Out-of-Pocket Versus Insurance
• Family Versus Self
• Generic Versus “New and Improved” Brand Name
• Public and Private Assistance
• COMMUNICATION DIFFICULTIES
• Non-English Speakers and Interpreters
• Speech and Hearing Issues
• COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PROVIDERS
• PATIENT'S RESPONSIBILITIES
• MEASURING ADHERENCE
• Patient Reports
• Clinical Outcomes
• Pill Counts
• Refill Records
• Biological and Chemical Markers
• Medication Adherence Scales
• PREDICTORS OF ADHERENCE
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 7 Cultural and Ethnic Influences in Pharmacotherapeutics - Lorena C. Guerrero, PhD, MS, ARNP, FNP-BC and Leila M. Jones, RN, MSN
• U.S. DEMOGRAPHICS
• U.S. Demographic Groupings
• Health Disparities in the United States
• Cultural Influences on Care
• TRANSCULTURAL NURSING CARE THEORIES
• STANDARDS OF CULTURAL COMPETENCY
• ELIMINATING HEALTH DISPARITIES
• ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
• AFRICAN AMERICANS
• Cultural Factors
• Racial Differences in Drug Pharmacokinetics and Response
• AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKA NATIVE GROUPS
• Cultural Factors
• Racial Differences in Drug Pharmacokinetics and Response
• ASIAN AMERICANS
• Cultural Factors
• Racial Differences in Drug Pharmacokinetics and Response
• NATIVE HAWAIIAN/PACIFIC ISLANDERS
• Cultural Factors
• Racial Differences in Drug Pharmacokinetics and Response
• HISPANIC AMERICANS
• Cultural Factors
• Racial Differences in Drug Pharmacokinetics and Response
• NON-HISPANIC WHITES
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 8 An Introduction to Pharmacogenomics - Ashim Malhotra, BPharm, PhD
• GENETICS REVISITED
• HISTORY OF PHARMACOGENETICS
• PHARMACOGENOMICS
• GENETIC DIFFERENCES OF DRUG METABOLISM
• Genetic Polymorphism
• Phase I and Phase II Metabolism
• Specific CYP450 Enzymes
• P-GLYCOPROTEIN
• CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF PHARMACOGENOMICS
• Adverse Drug Reactions
• Warfarin
• Pharmacogenetic Testing Prior to Prescribing
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 9 Nutrition and Neutraceuticals - Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP
• NUTRIENT-DRUG INTERACTIONS
• Influence of Diet on the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs
• Drug-Induced Nutrient Depletion
• Outcomes of Nutrient-Drug Interactions
• NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT
• NUTRACEUTICALS
• Fiber
• Vitamins and Minerals
• Fatty Acids
• Plant Sterols
• Pre-, Pro-, and Symbiotics
• Chapter 10 Herbal Therapy and Nutritional Supplements - Fujio McPherson, RN, DAOM, MSN, FNP, LAC
• OVERVIEW OF HERBAL MEDICINE
• DEFINITIONS
• Western Herbal Medicine
• Traditional Chinese Medicine
• Ayurvedic Medicine
• HERBAL SAFETY
• Evidence Grading
• Matrix for Evidence Grading
• Challenges to Using an Evidence-Based Method
• COMMON HERBS
• Western Herbs
• Traditional Chinese Herbs
• Ayurvedic Herbs
• Herbs for Common Disorders
• HERBAL PREPARATIONS
• CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE APN PRESCRIBER
• SUGGESTED READING
• Western Herbs
• Chinese Medicine
• Ayurvedic Medicine
• General Recommendations
• Chapter 11 Information Technology and Pharmacotherapeutics - Jane M. Carrington, PhD, RN
• OVERVIEW
• INTRODUCTION
• THE ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD
• Information Storage and Exchange
• Computerized Provider Order Entry
• CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
• PATIENT SAFETY
• MEDICATION RECONCILIATION
• PATIENT PRIVACY
• PATIENT EDUCATION
• QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
• CONCLUSION
• Chapter 12 Pharmacoeconomics - Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP
• PHARMACOECONOMIC STUDIES
• Components of Well-Designed Studies
• Cost-of-Illness Analysis
• Cost-Minimization Analysis
• Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• Cost-Utility Analysis
• IMPACT OF GENERIC DRUGS ON DRUG THERAPY
• Generic Substitution
• Generic Bioequivalence
• APPLYING PHARMACOECONOMICS TO PRACTICE
• Prescribing Generic Versus Brand-Name Medications
• Medicare Part D
• CONCLUSION
• Chapter 13 Over-the-Counter Medications - Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP
• OVER-THE-COUNTER MEDICATIONS
• OTC MEDICATION SALES
• SELF-PRESCRIBING OF OTC MEDICATIONS
• HAZARDS OF OTC SELF-MEDICATION
• ADVERSE EFFECTS OF OTC SELF-MEDICATION
• Adverse Effects
• Drug Interactions
• ABUSE OF OTC MEDICATIONS
• PATIENT EDUCATION REGARDING OTC MEDICATIONS
• SUMMARY
• UNIT II. PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS WITH SINGLE DRUGS
• Chapter 14 Drugs Affecting the Autonomic Nervous System - Tracy Scott, DNP, FNP
• ADRENERGIC AGONISTS
• ALPHA2 AGONISTS: CENTRAL
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS
• ALPHA1 ANTAGONISTS
• Nonselective Alpha Antagonists
• Selective Alpha1 Antagonists
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• BETA-ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS (BLOCKERS)
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• COMBINED ALPHA- AND BETA-ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS
• MUSCARINIC AGONISTS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• CHOLINERGIC BLOCKERS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• Chapter 15 Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System - Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP
• ANOREXIANTS
• ANTICONVULSANTS
• HYDANTOINS
• IMINOSTILBENES
• SUCCINIMIDES
• DRUGS THAT AFFECT GABA
• LEVETIRACETAM
• LAMOTRIGINE
• ANTIDEPRESSANTS
• TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS (TCAs)
• MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS (MAOIs)
• SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SSRIs)
• SEROTONIN-NOREPINEPHRINE REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SNRIs)
• ANTIPSYCHOTICS (APs)
• TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS
• ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS
• DOPAMINERGICS
• ANXIOLYTICS (ANTIANXIETY) AND HYPNOTICS
• BENZODIAZEPINES
• SEROTONERGIC ANXIOLYTICS
• BARBITURATES
• SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS
• BENZODIAZEPINE HYPNOTICS
• NONBENZODIAZEPINE HYPNOTICS
• MOOD STABILIZERS
• LITHIUM
• VALPROATES
• NONCLASSIFIED MOOD STABILIZERS
• MUSCLE RELAXANTS AND ANTISPASMOTICS
• CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANTS
• DIRECT-ACTING ANTISPASMOTICS
• OPIOID ANALGESICS AND THEIR ANTAGONISTS
• STIMULANTS
• Chapter 16 Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular and Renal Systems - Marylou V. Robinson, PhD, FNP-C
• ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS, AND DIRECT RENIN INHIBITORS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• ANTIARRHYTHMICS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• NITRATES
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• PERIPHERAL VASODILATORS (PADs)
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• ANTILIPIDEMICS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• DIURETICS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• Chapter 17 Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System - Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP
• BRONCHODILATORS
• BETA2-RECEPTOR AGONISTS
• XANTHINE DERIVATIVES
• ANTICHOLINERGICS
• LEUKOTRIENE MODIFIERS
• RESPIRATORY INHALANTS
• CORTICOSTEROIDS
• INHALED ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS
• INHALED ANTIHISTAMINES
• OXYGEN
• ALLERGY MEDICATIONS
• ANTIHISTAMINES
• COUGH AND COLD MEDICATIONS DECONGESTANTS
• ANTITUSSIVES
• EXPECTORANTS
• Chapter 18 Drugs Affecting the Hematopoietic System - Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP and Kristen Lambert Osborne MSN, CPNP AC/PC
• ANTICOAGULANTS AND ANTIPLATELETS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• HEMATOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• IRON PREPARATIONS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• FOLIC ACID
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• VITAMIN B12
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• Chapter 19 Drugs Affecting the Immune System - Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP
• IMMUNIZATIONS
• ATTENUATED VACCINES: INFLUENZA LIVE, ATTENUATED INFLUENZA VACCINE
• MEASLES, MUMPS, AND RUBELLA VACCINE
• MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA, AND VARICELLA VACCINE
• ORAL POLIOVIRUS VACCINE
• ROTAVIRUS VACCINE
• VARICELLA VIRUS VACCINE
• ZOSTER VACCINE
• ORAL TYPHOID VACCINE
• YELLOW FEVER VACCINE
• BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUÉRIN VACCINE
• INACTIVATED VACCINES: DIPHTHERIA, TETANUS, AND PERTUSSIS VACCINE
• HAEMOPHILUS B CONJUGATE VACCINE
• INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINE
• HEPATITIS B VIRUS VACCINE
• HEPATITIS A VIRUS VACCINE
• HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINE
• INFLUENZA VACCINE
• PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE
• MENINGOCOCCAL VACCINE
• LYME DISEASE VACCINE
• TYPHOID VACCINE
• CHOLERA VACCINE
• JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS VACCINE
• PLAGUE VACCINE
• RABIES VACCINE
• IMMUNE GLOBULIN SERUMS
• DIAGNOSTIC BIOLOGICALS: TUBERCULIN PURIFIED PROTEIN DERIVATIVE
• IMMUNOMODULATORS
• Chapter 20 Drugs Affecting the Gastrointestinal System - Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP
• ANTACIDS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• ANTIDIARRHEALS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• CYTOPROTECTIVE AGENTS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• ANTIEMETICS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• EMETICS
• HISTAMINE2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• PROKINETICS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• LAXATIVES
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• Chapter 21 Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System - Marylou Robinson, PhD, FNP and Kathy Shaw, DNP, RN, CDE
• BISPHOSPHONATES
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• HYPOTHALAMIC AND PITUITARY HORMONES
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• EXOCRINE PANCREATIC ENZYMES
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• ENDOCRINE PANCREATIC HORMONES (INSULIN)
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• ORAL DIABETIC AGENTS
• BIGUANIDES
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• SULFONYLUREAS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• THIAZOLIDINEDIONES
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• MEGLITINIDES
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-4 INHIBITORS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• SELECTIVE SODIUM GLUCOSE CO-TRANSPORTER 2 (SGLT-2) INHIBITORS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• AMYLIN AGONISTS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE AGONISTS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• GLUCAGON
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• THYROID AGENTS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• ANTITHYROID AGENTS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• AROMATASE INHIBITORS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• Chapter 22 Drugs Affecting the Reproductive System - Diana L Dewel, ARNP, ANP
• ANDROGENS AND ANTIANDROGENS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• ESTROGENS AND ANTIESTROGENS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• PROGESTERONES AND PROGESTERONE ANTAGONISTS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• OTHER DRUGS AFFECTING THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Drugs Commonly Used in Fertility Clinics
• Lactation Inhibitors
• Drugs Used in Erectile Dysfunction
• Chapter 23 Drugs Affecting the Integumentary System - Cally Bartley, MSN, FNP-C
• ANTI-INFECTIVES TOPICAL ANTIBACTERIALS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• ANTIFUNGALS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• TOPICAL ANTIVIRALS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• AGENTS USED TO TREAT ACNE
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• TOPICAL IMMUNOMODULATORS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• TOPICAL ANTIPSORIASIS AGENTS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• TOPICAL ANTISEBORRHEIC MEDICATIONS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• TOPICAL ANTIHISTAMINES AND ANTIPRURITICS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• MOISTURIZERS, EMOLLIENTS, AND LUBRICANTS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• AGENTS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF BURNS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• SCABICIDES AND PEDICULICIDES
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• CAUTERIZING AND DESTRUCTIVE AGENTS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• KERATOLYTICS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• TOPICAL ANESTHETICS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• MINOXIDIL
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• MISCELLANEOUS TOPICAL MEDICATIONS
• Bath Dermatologicals
• Astringents
• Hair-Growth Retardants
• Sunscreens
• Chapter 24 Drugs Used in Treating Infectious Diseases - Jennifer Jordan, RPh, PharmD, BCPS; R. Brigg Turner, PharmD, BCPS; and Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP
• ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
• ANTIBIOTICS: BETA-LACTAMS
• PENICILLINS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• CEPHALOSPORINS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• FLUOROQUINOLONES
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• LINCOSAMIDES
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• MACROLIDES, AZALIDES, AND KETOLIDES
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• FIDAXOMICIN
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• OXAZOLIDINONES
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• SULFONAMIDES, TRIMETHOPRIM, NITROFURANTOIN, AND FOSFOMYCIN
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• TETRACYCLINES
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• GLYCOPEPTIDES
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• ANTIMYCOBACTERIALS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• ANTIVIRALS
• NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• ANTIVIRALS FOR INFLUENZA
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• SYSTEMIC AZOLES AND OTHER ANTIFUNGALS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• ANTHELMINTICS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• METRONIDAZOLE, NITAZOXANIDE, AND TINIDAZOLE
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• Chapter 25 Drugs Used in Treating Inflammatory Processes - Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP
• ANTIGOUT AND URICOSURIC AGENTS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• CORTICOSTEROIDS
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDS)
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• ASPIRIN AND NONACETYLATED SALICYLATES
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacotherapeutics
• Chapter 26 Drugs Used in Treating Eye and Ear Disorders - Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP
• DRUGS USED IN TREATING EYE DISORDERS: OPHTHALMIC ANTI-INFECTIVES
• ANTIGLAUCOMA AGENTS
• OCULAR ANTIALLERGIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS
• OCULAR LUBRICANTS
• OPHTHALMIC VASOCONSTRICTORS
• OPHTHALMIC DIAGNOSTIC PRODUCTS
• DRUGS USED IN TREATING EAR DISORDERS: OTIC ANTI-INFECTIVES
• OTIC ANALGESICS
• CERUMINOLYTICS
• UNIT III. PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS WITH MULTIPLE DRUGS
• Chapter 27 Anemia - Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP and Kristen Osborn MSN, CPNP AC/PC
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY COMMON TO ALL ANEMIAS
• Iron Deficiency Anemia
• Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia
• Pernicious Anemia
• Anemia of Chronic Disease
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• GOALS OF TREATMENT
• RATIONAL DRUG SELECTION
• Iron Deficiency Anemia
• Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia
• Pernicious Anemia
• Anemia of Chronic Disease
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• Chapter 28 Chronic Stable Angina and Low-Risk Unstable Angina - Laura D. Rosenthal, DNP, ACNP
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• PHARMACODYNAMICS
• GOALS OF TREATMENT
• RATIONAL DRUG SELECTION
• Risk Stratification
• Treatment Algorithms
• Lifestyle Modification
• Drug Therapy
• Additional Patient Variables
• Cost
• MONITORING
• OUTCOME EVALUATION
• PATIENT EDUCATION
• Chapter 29 Anxiety and Depression - Mary Weber, PhD, PMHNP-BC, FAANP and Krista Estes, DNP, FNP-C
• ASSESSMENT AND SCREENING
• NEUROBIOLOGY
• EVIDENCED-BASED TREATMENTS OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER AND ANXIETY DISORDERS
• CLASSES OF MEDICATIONS
• Nonselective Norepinephrine-Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
• Serotonin-Selective Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
• Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI)
• Norepinephrine-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors
• Serotonin Agonist Reuptake Inhibitors (SARI)
• Norepinephrine- and Serotonin-Specific Agonist (NaSSA)
• Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)
• Benzodiazepines/GABA-ergics (BZDs)
• ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS
• RATIONAL DRUG SELECTION
• General Principles in Selecting an Initial Antidepressant
• Anxiety
• Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• MONITORING AND PATIENT EDUCATION
• COMORBIDITY OF MEDICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
• SPECIAL POPULATIONS
• OUTCOME EVALUATION
• CONCLUSIONS
• Chapter 30 Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Benjamin J. Miller, PhD, MN, ARNP, FNP, ACNP
• ASTHMA
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Therapy
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Therapy
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• Chapter 31 Contraception - Teri Gerlt, MS, RN, WCHNP
• PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE
• PHARMACODYNAMICS
• Mechanism of Pregnancy Prevention
• GOALS OF TREATMENT
• Safety
• Tolerance
• Effectiveness
• RATIONAL DRUG SELECTION
• Guidelines
• Cost
• Patient Variables
• Drug Variables
• Dosing Regimens
• Emergency Contraception
• MONITORING
• OUTCOME EVALUATION
• Chapter 32 Dermatological Conditions - Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP
• DERMATITIS
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• PSORIASIS
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• ACNE AND ACNE ROSACEA
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• SKIN INFECTIONS
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• SKIN INFESTATIONS
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• ALOPECIA ANDROGENETICA (MALE PATTERN BALDNESS)
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• Chapter 33 Diabetes Mellitus - Kathy Shaw, DNP, RN, CDE and Marylou Robinson, PhD, FNP-C
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• Complications
• Prediabetes
• Diagnosis and Screening
• PHARMACODYNAMICS
• General Diabetes Management and Glycemic Control
• Insulin
• Oral Agents
• Other Injectable Drugs
• GOALS OF TREATMENT
• APPROPRIATE TREATMENT
• Initial Assessment
• Setting a Glycemic Target
• Lifestyle Modifications
• Pharmacologic Management
• PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF COMPLICATIONS IN DIABETES
• Obesity
• Coronary Heart Disease and Heart Failure
• Hyperlipidemia
• Hypertension
• Nephropathy
• Neuropathy
• Retinopathy
• Thyroid Function
• Autoimmune Disorders
• ASSESSING GLYCEMIC CONTROL
• Hb A1c
• Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG)
• OUTCOME EVALUATION
• PATIENT EDUCATION
• Chapter 34 Gastroesophageal Reflux and Peptic Ulcer Disease - Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP
• GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
• Pathophysiology
• Pharmacodynamics
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE
• Pathophysiology
• Pharmacodynamics
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• Chapter 35 Headaches - Theresa Mallick-Searle, MS, RN-BC, ANP-BC
• MIGRAINE
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• TENSION-TYPE HEADACHES
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Therapy
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• CHRONIC DAILY HEADACHES
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• CLUSTER HEADACHES
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Therapy
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• MEDICATION-OVERUSE HEADACHES
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Therapy
• Rational Drug Therapy
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• POST-TRAUMATIC (POST-CONCUSSIVE) HEADACHES
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Therapy
• Rational Drug Therapy
• Monitoring
• Patient Education
• Chapter 36 Heart Failure - Laura Rosenthal, DNP, ACNP
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Types of Heart Failure
• Classifications of Heart Failure
• Symptoms of Heart Failure
• PHARMACODYNAMICS
• GOALS OF TREATMENT
• RATIONAL DRUG SELECTION
• Guidelines
• Diagnosis of Heart Failure
• Treatment Recommendations Based on Stage of Heart Failure
• Cost
• Additional Patient Variables
• Drug Combinations
• MONITORING
• OUTCOME EVALUATION
• PATIENT EDUCATION
• Chapter 37 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - James Raper, DSN, CRNP, JD, FAANP, FAAN and Gina Dobbs, MS, CRNP
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• HIV-1
• HIV-2
• Transmission
• Stages—Natural History of HIV
• HIV Life Cycle
• GOALS OF TREATMENT
• Rationale for ART Medication Selection
• Principles of Therapy
• INITIATING ART MEDICATIONS
• Medications Used to Treat HIV
• Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
• Protease Inhibitors
• Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors
• CCR5 Antagonists
• Fusion Inhibitors
• COST CONSIDERATIONS
• AIDS Drug Assistance Program
• Patient Assistance Programs
• MEDICATION RESISTANCE
• Pretreatment
• Virological Failure
• Causes of ART Failure
• DISCONTINUATION OR INTERRUPTION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL MEDICATIONS
• Monitoring
• OUTCOME EVALUATION
• CONCLUSION
• Chapter 38 Hormone Replacement Therapy and Osteoporosis - Marylou V. Robinson, PhD, FNP-C
• HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY
• Pathophysiology
• Pharmacodynamics
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• OSTEOPOROSIS
• Pathophysiology
• Ethnic Differences
• Pharmacodynamics
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Combination Therapy
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Chapter 39 Hyperlipidemia - Marylou V. Robinson, PhD, FNP-C
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Exogenous Pathway
• Endogenous Pathway
• Atherogenesis
• VDRL Levels
• GOALS OF TREATMENT
• RATIONAL DRUG SELECTION
• Risk Stratification
• Treatment Algorithms
• Additional Patient Variables
• Cost
• MONITORING
• OUTCOME EVALUATION
• PATIENT EDUCATION
• Chapter 40 Hypertension - Marylou V. Robinson, PhD, FNP-C
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Factors That Regulate Blood Pressure
• Laboratory Tests and Other Diagnostic Procedures
• Classification of Blood Pressure for Adults
• PHARMACODYNAMICS
• GOALS OF TREATMENT
• Barriers to Goal Attainment
• RATIONAL DRUG SELECTION
• Algorithm for Management of Hypertension
• Stepped Therapy
• Patient Variables
• Surgery Patients
• Cost
• MONITORING
• OUTCOME EVALUATION
• Adherence Issues
• PATIENT EDUCATION
• Chapter 41 Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism - Marylou V. Robinson, PhD, FNP
• THYROID HORMONE SYNTHESIS
• THYROID FUNCTION TESTS
• SCREENING
• HYPERTHYROIDISM
• Pathophysiology
• Pharmacodynamics
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Lifestyle Management
• Drug Therapy
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• SUBCLINICAL HYPERTHYROIDISM
• HYPOTHYROIDISM
• Pathophysiology
• Pharmacodynamics
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Drug Therapy
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM
• Chapter 42 Pneumonia - Anne Hedger, DNP, ACNP-CS, ANP-CS, CPNP-AC, ENP-BC, CCRN
• ADULT PATIENTS WITH PNEUMONIA
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH PNEUMONIA
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• Chapter 43 Smoking Cessation - Benjamin J. Miller, PhD, MN, ARNP, FNP, ACNP
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Nicotine Delivery
• Nicotinic Receptors
• Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome
• GOALS OF TREATMENT
• RATIONAL DRUG SELECTION
• Nicotine Replacement Therapy
• Antidepressants
• Nicotinic Receptor Partial Agonists
• Combination Therapy
• Nonpharmacological Treatment of Nicotine Addiction
• Patient Variables
• MONITORING
• OUTCOME EVALUATION
• PATIENT EDUCATION
• Educational Resources
• Chapter 44 Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Vaginitis - Theresa Granger, PhD, ARNP, FNP
• SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
• Populations at Risk
• STI as Precursor to Cancer
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• VAGINITIS
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• Chapter 45 Tuberculosis - Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• GOALS OF TREATMENT
• RATIONAL DRUG SELECTION
• Risk Stratification
• Screening
• Drug Therapy for Infectious Tuberculosis
• Drug Therapy for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
• Algorithm
• Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
• Patient Variables
• MONITORING
• Adverse Reactions to the Medications
• OUTCOME EVALUATION
• PATIENT EDUCATION
• PREVENTION OF TUBERCULOSIS
• Pathophysiology
• Drug Therapy
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• Chapter 46 Upper Respiratory Infections, Otitis Media, and Otitis Externa - Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP
• VIRAL UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTION
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• SINUSITIS
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• OTITIS MEDIA
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• OTITIS EXTERNA
• Pathophysiology
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• Chapter 47 Urinary Tract Infections - Erin Anderson, MSN, CPNP
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Host Factors
• Microbial Factors
• PHARMACODYNAMICS
• GOALS OF TREATMENT
• RATIONAL DRUG SELECTION
• Algorithm
• Drug Therapy
• Drug Variables
• Patient Variables
• MONITORING
• OUTCOME EVALUATION
• PATIENT EDUCATION
• Lifestyle Management
• UNIT IV. SPECIAL DRUG TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS
• Chapter 48 Women as Patients - Priscilla M. Nodine, PhD, CNM
• PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS IN WOMEN
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacodynamics
• FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
• Puberty
• Pregnancy
• Menopause
• Older Age
• FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE POSITIVE OUTCOMES
• Number of Drugs Taken
• Duration of Medication Therapy
• Fear That Medications Cause Disease
• Nutritional Status
• Safety of Medications While Breastfeeding
• Ethnic, Cultural, and Religious Differences
• COMMON PROBLEMS THAT REQUIRE MEDICATIONS
• Menopause
• Dysmenorrhea, Premenstrual Syndrome, and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
• Endometriosis
• HIV/AIDS in Pregnancy
• Infertility
• Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
• HEALTH PROMOTION, DISEASE PREVENTION, AND SCREENING
• GAY AND LESBIAN HEALTH
• Chapter 49 Men as Patients - James Raper, DNS, CRNP, JD, FAANP, FAAN
• HYPOGONADISM
• Pathophysiology
• Classifications
• Signs and Symptoms of Hypogonadism Across the Life Span
• Older Men
• Diagnosis
• TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY
• Pharmacodynamics
• Testosterone Clinical Use and Dosing
• COMMON PROBLEMS THAT REQUIRE MEDICATIONS
• Erectile Dysfunction
• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
• Prostatitis and Male Pelvic Pain Syndrome
• Hair Loss
• HEALTH PROMOTION, DISEASE PREVENTION, AND SCREENING IN MEN
• ETHNIC AND RACIAL ISSUES
• HEALTH ISSUES FOR MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN
• HIV Infection and Sexually Transmitted Infections
• Anal Cancer
• Tobacco Abuse
• CONCLUSION
• Chapter 50 Pediatric Patients - Teri Moser Woo, PhD, CPNP
• HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON PEDIATRIC PRESCRIBING
• Federal Drug Regulation
• Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act
• PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMACODYNAMIC DIFFERENCES IN CHILDREN
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacodynamics
• DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF PEDIATRIC MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
• Breastfed Infants
• Infants
• Toddlers and Preschoolers
• School-Age Children
• Adolescents
• FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES POSITIVE OUTCOMES
• Specific Factors That Influence Compliance
• Improving Compliance in the Pediatric Patient
• Childhood Obesity Influences Outcomes
• Chapter 51 Geriatric Patients - Joan M. Nelson, DNP, RN
• DEMOGRAPHICS
• Diseases Associated With Aging
• Pharmacological Issues in Aging
• PHYSICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH AGING
• Mental Changes
• Sensory Changes
• Musculoskeletal Changes
• PHARMACOKINETIC CHANGES
• Absorption and Distribution
• Metabolism and Excretion
• PHARMACODYNAMIC CHANGES
• PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS
• Polypharmacy
• Adverse Drug Reactions
• Drug-Drug and Drug-Food Interactions
• Alternative Medicines
• Assessment
• Adherence
• Advice to Prescribers
• Self-Medication Practices
• Inappropriate Prescribing: Drugs to Be Avoided in Older Adults
• TRANSITIONS OF CARE AND CARE SETTINGS
• GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR PRESCRIBING FOR OLDER ADULTS
• Chapter 52 Pain Management: Acute and Chronic Pain - Ruth L. Schaffler, PhD, FNP
• OVERVIEW OF PAIN CONCEPTS
• The Experience of Pain
• Pain Threshold and Pain Tolerance
• Neurological Basis of Pain
• Special Populations
• ACUTE PAIN
• Pathophysiology
• Signs and Symptoms
• Pharmacodynamics
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education
• CHRONIC PAIN
• Pathophysiology
• Pharmacodynamics
• Goals of Treatment
• Rational Drug Selection
• Monitoring
• Outcome Evaluation
• Patient Education