A multicultural biographical source that covers notable individuals from every part of the world and from all time periods who have made significant contributions to human culture.

Table of Contents

• INTRODUCTION
• ADVISORY BOARD
• OBITUARIES
• A
• Stella Adler
• Grew Up in Yiddish Theatrical World
• Studied with Stanislavsky
• Mentored Brando
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Qing Ai
• Imprisoned for Three Years
• Joined the Communist Party
• Died in Beijing
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Otl Aicher
• Forced into Uniform
• Friends Executed by Regime
• Co-Founded “Neu” Bauhaus
• Chosen for Olympics Project
• Created “Waldi”
• Books
• Periodicals
• Alexandra Empress Consort of Nicholas II, Czar of Russia
• Endured Family Tragedies
• Became Empress of Russia
• Worried Over Son's Health
• Influenced by Rasputin
• Taken into Custody
• Books
• Periodicals
• Raúl Anguiano
• Began Sketching as Child
• Studied Muralism in Mexico City
• Explored Painting, Graphic Arts
• Inspired by Indigenous People
• Returned to Mural-Making
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Mordecai Anielewicz
• Joined Zionist Organization
• Sought Aid in Vilnius
• Urged Combat, Not Cooperation
• Allied with Armia Krajowa
• Fought for 19 Days
• Books
• Periodicals
• Estelle Axton
• Sang in Gospel Quartet
• Remortgaged House
• Led Music Analysis Sessions
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• B
• Hobey Baker
• Demonstrated Athletic Skills
• Became Star at Princeton
• Played Elite Amateur Hockey
• Used Piloting Skills in World War I
• Memorialized After Death
• Books
• Periodicals
• Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
• Had Early Interest in Science
• Faced Discrimination
• Helped Discover HIV Virus
• Emerging Controversy Over Credit for Discovery
• Won Nobel Prize
• Continued HIV/AIDS Research
• Emphasized Humanitarian Causes
• Books
• Periodicals
• Thomas Bartholin
• Had Early Interest in Medicine
• Studied in Padua
• Became Chair of Anatomy
• Made Discoveries of the Lymphatic System
• Discovered the Parotid Glands
• Became Royal Physician
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Nina Bawden
• Grew Up in Wartime England
• Published Respected Novels
• Train Derailment Troubled Later Years
• Books
• Periodicals
• Cristina Belgiojoso
• Married at 16
• Penniless in Paris
• Became Single Parent
• Nursed Victims of War
• Bought Rundown Farm in Turkey
• Books
• Chadli Bendjedid
• Fought Against French Colonial Forces
• Spent Years as Trusted Policy-Maker
• Became Compromise Candidate
• Won Respect for Diplomatic Role
• Ousted in Early 1992
• Periodicals
• Maeve Binchy
• Inspired by Philosophy Assignment
• Had Radio Career
• Announced Retirement
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Otis Blackwell
• Influenced by Music of Westerns
• Song Recorded by Elvis Presley
• Produced Mahalia Jackson Recordings
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• George Blake
• Joined Dutch Resistance
• Imprisoned in North Korea
• Stationed in West Berlin
• Confessed to Espionage
• Escape Prompted Prison Reform
• Books
• Periodicals
• Anthony Blunt
• Entered Cambridge
• “Biggest Mistake of My Life”
• Posted to Royal Household
• Confessed in 1964
• Outed in 1979
• Books
• Periodicals
• Robert Bly
• Transferred to Harvard
• Inspired by Landscape
• Wrote Antiwar Poetry
• Focused on Male Rituals in Seminars
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Ruth Brown
• Picked Crops on Farm
• Developed Distinctive Style
• Deprived of Royalties
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Charles Buller
• Tutored by Carlyle
• Returned as M.P.
• Sorted Out Troubles in Canada
• Appointed to Reform Poor Laws
• Books
• Guy Burgess
• Recruited as Soviet Agent
• Recruited for Foreign Office
• Dispatched to Washington
• Vanished for Half-Decade
• Tale Continues to Enthrall
• Books
• Periodicals
• C
• John Cale
• Earned Musical Scholarship
• Connected with Lou Reed
• Encountered Little Commercial Success
• Left The Velvet Underground
• Recorded Solo Albums
• Became a Sought-After Music Producer
• Reconnected with Reed
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Orlando Cepeda
• Father Was Caribbean Baseball Star
• Rose Quickly Through Minor Leagues
• First Player Signed as Designated Hitter
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Giorgio Chinaglia
• Began Professional Career in England
• Became Standout in Italy
• Signed with New York Cosmos
• Known as Polemic Player
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Colley Cibber
• Born in London
• Joined Theatre Company
• Appointed Poet Laureate
• Omitted Family from Autobiography
• Books
• Online
• Liviu Ciulei
• Began Career as Actor
• Feted at Cannes
• Forced into Exile
• Brought Daring Sensibility to Classics
• Utilized Architectural Training
• Returned to Romania
• Periodicals
• Jimmy Cliff
• Grew Up in Poverty
• Influenced Simon's Move to Reggae
• Recorded Protest Song
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Sam Cooke
• Raised in Religious Household
• Released Secular Single Under Pseudonym
• Signed to RCA
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Norman Corwin
• Began as Newspaper Reporter
• Wrote Enduring Christmas Play
• Set Radio Ratings Record
• Created Special Broadcast to Commemorate Victory
• Taught at USC
• Books
• Periodicals
• Demetrius Cydones
• Educated in Classics
• Resigned Government Post
• Evaluated Turkish Threat
• Books
• Carl Czerny
• Began Playing at Three
• Taught Liszt
• Criticized by Schumann
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• D
• Alexander Dalrymple
• Loved Explorers' Tales
• Ventured to Pacific Rim
• Obsessed with Terra Australis
• Bypassed by Captain Cook
• The First Hydrographer
• Books
• Periodicals
• Walter Damrosch
• Raised Among Famous Musicians
• Founded Opera Company
• Championed Gershwin's Music
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Jack Daniel
• Ran Away from Home
• Learned Whiskey-Making from Ex-Slave
• Company Registered in 1875
• Chose Famous Square Bottle
• Deeded Company to Nephews
• Books
• Periodicals
• Bobby Darin
• Dreamed of Broadway Career
• Warned Away from Francis
• Struggled with Fame
• Emotionally Gutted by Events of 1968
• Books
• Periodicals
• Danielle Darrieux
• Debuted at 14
• Moved to Hollywood
• Criticized for Contacts with Nazis
• Emerged as Art-House Favorite
• Books
• Periodicals
• Al Davis
• Began Coaching Career
• Became Part-Owner of the Raiders
• Gained Control of the Team
• Moved Team to Los Angeles
• Experienced Less Success
• Focused on Football Until Death
• Periodicals
• Online
• Emily Davison
• Joined WSPU
• Force-Fed in Prison
• Seemed Willing to Become Martyr
• Captured by News Cameras
• Periodicals
• Lisa Della Casa
• Began Career in Switzerland
• Famed for Interpretations
• Retired Early
• Books
• Periodicals
• Cathérine Deneuve
• Married Fashion Photographer
• Caused Sensation as Séverine
• Lost Sister in Tragic Accident
• Paired with David Bowie
• Won Two Césars
• Periodicals
• George Devol Jr.
• Developed Practical Products
• Brought Robot to Life
• Found Market Entry Slow
• Changed The Course of History
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Hazel Dickens
• Left School After Seventh Grade
• Formed Strange Creek Singers
• Influenced Judds
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Carl Djerassi
• Hired at CIBA
• Used Obscure Mexican Tuber
• Dubbed “Father” of “The Pill”
• Dreamed of Lab-Based Procreation
• Became Writer and Art Collector
• Books
• Periodicals
• Basil D'Oliveira
• Joined South African Cricket Club
• Relocated to England to Play
• Stirred Race Storm
• Left a Legacy
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• E
• Bernie Ecclestone
• Grew Up in Poverty
• Founded Race Car Makers' Group
• Sold Home for Record Price
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Marek Edelman
• Joined the Bund
• Ghetto Officially Sealed
• Witnessed Misery of Death Transports
• Tour Guide for Shocked Visitor
• Discovered Tragic Miła Site
• Books
• Periodicals
• Richard Lovell Edgeworth
• Eloped to Gretna Green
• Earned Medals and a Patent
• Devised Cross-Ireland Defense Network
• Inspired Other Inventors
• Books
• Paul Éluard
• Spent Early Life in Poverty
• Met Surrealist Writers
• Participated in French Resistance
• Books
• Online
• F
• Horst Faas
• Sent to Cover African Wars
• Nearly Lost Legs, and Life
• Ran Controversial Images
• Shot Iconic Munich Olympics Image
• Periodicals
• Online
• Marino Faliero
• Descended from Prominent Family
• Passed Through Molo Pillars
• Blamed on Scurrilous Graffiti
• Level of Involvement Remains Mystery
• Inspired Various Artistic Works
• Books
• Lizhi Fang
• Built Radio from Scratch
• Held in Cow Shed
• Took Refuge at Embassy
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Leo Fender
• Born in Barn
• Adopted Solid-Body Design
• Instruments Adopted by Rock Guitarists
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Enzo Ferrari
• Rose to Fame as a Racer
• Lost First-Born Son
• Delivered Excellent Race Results
• Brokered Deal with Fiat
• Periodicals
• Pretty Boy Floyd
• Quit School at 12
• Payroll Heist Made Headlines
• Joined Larceny Gang
• Dubbed “Sagebrush Robin Hood”
• Tied to Kansas City Massacre
• Books
• Periodicals
• Joan Fontaine
• Locked in Sibling Rivalry
• Started Acting as Teen
• Joined R.K.O. as Screen Actress
• Earned Academy Award
• Married Film Producer
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Jimmie Foxx
• Excelled at Many Sports
• Recruited by “Home Run” Baker
• Integral to Philadelphia's Success
• Maintained Consistent Production
• Won Triple Crown
• Sold to The Red Sox
• Returned Home to Philadelphia
• Managed in the Minor Leagues
• Managed a Female Professional Baseball Team
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Martine Franck
• Traveled Through Asia
• Married Cartier-Bresson
• Work Lauded by Curators, Collectors
• Returned to Asia in 1990s
• “A Tough Profession for Women”
• Periodicals
• Itamar Franco
• Participated in Student and Local Politics
• Became Vice President, Then President
• Implemented Real Plan
• Left Positive Legacy
• Served as State Governor
• Periodicals
• Ford Frick
• Entered Newspaper Business
• Covered New York Sports Teams
• Elected National League President
• Served as Baseball Commissioner
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• G
• William M. Gaines
• Served in Army
• Changed Format to Retain Writer
• Refused to Run Advertising
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Carleton Gajdusek
• Collected Insects on Family Outings
• Heard About Rare Disease
• Adopted Children from South Pacific
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Harold Garfinkel
• Inspired by Graduate Student Instructors
• Based Ideas on Jury Deliberations
• Wrote in Difficult, Abstract Style
• Books
• Periodicals
• Edmund Berry Godfrey
• Entered Oxford
• Became Influential Merchant
• Did Not Flee Great Plague
• Drawn into “Popish” Conspiracies
• Funeral Became Protest March
• Books
• Periodicals
• Beate Gordon
• Entered College at 16
• Fretted Over Parents for Years
• Became Trusted Translator
• “Miss Sirota's Heart Is Set”
• Promoted Asian Arts
• Periodicals
• Online
• Danny Greene
• Rose to Dockworkers' Union Boss
• Formed the Celtic Club
• Took Out Birns
• Cleveland Dubbed “Bomb City”
• Books
• Periodicals
• Richard Grenville
• Killed Another in Gang Fight
• Fought in Ireland
• Involved in Scheme for Virginia Colony
• Return to Roanoke Delayed
• Books
• Periodicals
• H
• Marvin Hamlisch
• Father Fled Nazism
• Wrote Streisand Hit
• Based Musical on Own Relationship
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Lang Hancock
• Discovered Blue Asbestos
• Sat on Claim for Years
• Profiled in Television Documentaries
• Chastised for Television Interview
• Opened Deep Vein of Resentment
• Books
• Periodicals
• Elliot Handler
• Co-Founded Mattel
• Launched Successful Toys
• Retired Amid Scandal
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Ray Harryhausen
• Encouraged By Parents
• Inspired by Two Films
• Engaged in Early Experiments
• Encouraged by Willis O'Brien
• Moved into the Professional Ranks
• Worked with O'Brien
• Moved into Feature Films
• Developed Dynamation
• Began Collaboration with Charles H. Schneer
• Moved into Color Production
• Animated his Masterpiece
• Revitalized Career
• Reluctantly Retired
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Elizabeth Lee Hazen
• Worked in Army Labs During World War II
• Joined New York State Lab
• Focused on Antifungal Research
• Discovered Nystatin
• Funneled Profits to Support Science
• Inducted into Inventors Hall of Fame
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Levon Helm
• Inspired by Bill Monroe
• Recommended to Dylan by Secretary
• Avoided Hall of Fame Induction
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Henrietta Maria Queen, Consort Of Charles I, King Of England
• Married King of England
• Mettle Battle-Tested
• Fled to France
• Returned for Restoration
• Books
• Bert Hinkler
• Built Glider
• Made First Notable European Treks
• Catapulted to Fame
• Flew Through Atlantic Storm
• Books
• Periodicals
• Eric J. Hobsbawm
• Name Altered by Clerical Error
• Taught at Small College
• Retained Communist Affiliation
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Bohumil Hrabal
• Influenced by Uncle
• Became a Full-time Writer
• Gained Fame with “Trains”
• Works Banned During Soviet Occupation
• Fell to his Death
• Periodicals
• Online
• James Hunt
• Started on Club Circuit
• Debuted in Monte Carlo
• The F1 Rebel
• Raced Against Determined Lauda
• Made Exit at Monaco, Too
• Books
• Periodicals
• Constantijn Huygens
• Born into Political Elite
• Accumulated Large Library
• Designed Formal Garden
• Books
• Online
• Chrissie Hynde
• Became Vegetarian
• Single Produced by Lowe
• Raised Two Children
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Pope Innocent VIII
• Fathered Illegitimate Children
• Chosen as Pope
• Created, Sold Church Offices
• Books
• Online
• Issa
• Grew Up on Farm
• Wandered Across Japan
• Children Died Young
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• I
• Toyo Ito
• Worked in Family Miso Factory
• Designed Home Associated with Mourning
• Received Opera House Commission
• Periodicals
• Online
• J
• Joe Jackson
• Nickname Came from Television Puppet
• Exposed to Salsa in New York
• Signed with Classical Label
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Wanda Jackson
• Performed with Father
• Sang Rockabilly at Presley's Urging
• Recorded Gospel Music
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Nucky Johnson
• Became Political Boss of Atlantic City
• Dominated a “Boardwalk Empire”
• Convicted of Tax Evasion
• Inspired Fictional Character
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• K
• Franklin Kameny
• Arrested on Spurious Morals Charge
• Took It to Supreme Court
• Protested at White House
• Led Action Against APA
• “All of Us … Are Indebted”
• Books
• Periodicals
• Stan Kenton
• Family Moved to California
• Signed to Capitol
• Formed 39-Piece Group
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Abdur Rahman Khan
• Involved in Succession Dispute
• Returned from Exile
• Succeeded by his Son
• Books
• Online
• Noor Inayat Khan
• Studied at the Sorbonne
• Joined Women's RAF Auxiliary
• Landed in Loire Valley
• Hunted by Gestapo
• Anticipated Release, Not Execution
• Books
• Periodicals
• Larry King
• Family Struggled After Father's Death
• Suffered from Gambling Addiction
• Hosted Perot Annoucement
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Néstor Kirchner
• Met Wife at Law School
• Moved Provincial Funds out of Country
• Removed Military Officers' Immunity
• Periodicals
• Online
• Sergei Kirov
• Active in Russian Underground
• Named Astrakhan Party Chief
• Elected to Politburo
• Shot by Lone Assassin
• Prompted Infamous Show Trials
• Books
• Periodicals
• Klemens Von Klemperer
• Descended from Prominent Families
• Fled Nazi Germany
• Studied the Widerstand
• Rebuked President for Bitburg Visit
• Books
• Periodicals
• Alice Kober
• Won College Scholarship Prize
• Learned Multiple Ancient Languages
• Discovered Inflections in Linear B Language
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Rem Koolhaas
• Enthralled by Indonesian Adventure
• Studied in London
• Founded OMA
• Returned to Asia
• Designed Tilted CCTV Towers
• Periodicals
• Janusz Korczak
• Studied to be a Physician
• Established an Orphanage
• Wrote During World War I
• Increased Literary Output
• Affected by Anti-Semitism
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Karl Kraus
• Dropped Out of Law School
• Satirized Own Café Milieu
• Drew Capacity Crowds to Readings
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• BéLa Kun
• Taken Prisoner by Russians
• Agitated for Hungarian Revolution
• Joined with Social Democrats
• Focused Meager Resources on Romania
• Denounced Others
• Books
• Periodicals
• L
• Jean de Labadie
• Raised in Atmosphere of Dissent
• Experienced Religious Visions
• Abjuration Caused Sensation
• Founded Own Church
• Influenced William Penn in Germany
• Books
• John Kinder Labatt
• Great-Grandfather Aided Stuart Restoration
• Left Laoighis for London
• Sailed for Canada
• Owned 400 Acres of Farmland
• Established Line of Succession
• Grandson Kidnapped in 1934
• Books
• Guy Lafleur
• Became Passionate about Hockey
• Became Outstanding Junior Hockey Player
• Drafted by the Montreal Canadiens
• Had Serious Car Accident
• Returned After First Retirement
• Retired for a Second and Final Time
• Arrested and Convicted
• Books
• Periodicals
• Ferruccio Lamborghini
• Served in Italian Air Force
• Dissatisfied with Ferrari Car
• Marketed Model with Lifted Doors
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Mauricio Lasansky
• Father Worked for U.S. Mint
• Examined Museum's Entire Print Collection
• Drew Holocaust Scenes
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Niki Lauda
• Defied Family to Race
• Began Competing in Formula One
• Nearly Died at German Grand Prix
• Won Two More Formula One Championships
• Faced Airline Disaster
• Forced Out of Airline
• Served as Subject of Film
• Books
• Periodicals
• Paul Lauterbur
• Inspired by Aunt
• Did Research While in Military
• Made Image of Clam's Interior
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Louis Le Brocquy
• Planned to Work at Family Refinery
• Won Prize at Venice Biennale
• Inspired by Polynesian Heads
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Brian Lenihan Jr.
• Became a Lawyer
• Faced Potential Financial Collapse
• Made Two Controversial Economic Decisions
• Diagnosed with Cancer
• Periodicals
• Online
• Zivia Lubetkin
• Delegate to World Zionist Conference
• Went Underground in Warsaw
• Jolted into Action
• Recruited Couriers, Instilled Discipline
• Discovered Tragic Death Scene
• Books
• Periodicals
• Ludwig I King of Bavaria
• Named After Doomed French King
• Marriage Celebrated at Oktoberfest
• Envisioned Munich as Resplendent Showcase
• Enjoyed Years of Popular Approval
• Forced to Abdicate
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• M
• Donald Maclean
• Studied Languages at Cambridge
• Joined Foreign Office
• Sent to Washington
• Eluded Interrogation by Defection
• Part of Cold War Lore
• Books
• Periodicals
• Sir Peter Mansfield
• Worked as Printer's Assistant
• Tested MRI on Himself
• Won Nobel Prize
• Online
• Juan Marichal
• Used Homemade Bats, Balls, and Gloves
• Injured in World Series
• Suffered Drug Reaction
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Marie de Médicis Queen of France
• Enjoyed Strong Education
• Became Regent After Husband's Assassination
• Exiled to Small Town
• Books
• Online
• Ante Marković
• Fought Against Nazis
• Gained Reformist Reputation
• Formed Political Party
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• John McCarthy
• Father Patented Orange Squeezer
• Developed Programming Language
• Realized AI Problems
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Larry McMurtry
• Reinterpreted “Herdsmen Tradition”
• Received Critical Acclaim
• Left Texas and Teaching
• Battled Health Issues
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Graham McNamee
• Moved to New York City
• Became Baseball-Broadcast Legend
• Wrote Memoir at 38
• Witnessed Both Dempsey-Tunney Bouts
• Became Highest Paid Announcer
• Downed by Go-Kart
• Books
• Periodicals
• Jiří Menzel
• Rejected by Theater School
• Remained in Czechoslovakia
• Won Golden Bear Award
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Freddie Mercury
• Born into Zoroastrian Family
• Co-founded Queen
• Created Grandiose Live Shows
• Duetted with Opera Star
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• John Molson
• Emigrated to Canada
• Imported Advanced Brewing Technology
• Entered Quebec Politics
• Left Strong Canadian Brand Identity
• Books
• N
• Alla Nazimova
• Joined Moscow Art Theater
• Given Warm Welcome in America
• Transitioned into Film
• Hosted Fabled Parties
• Books
• Periodicals
• LeRoy Neiman
• Grew Up in St. Paul
• Met Hugh Hefner
• Endowed Print Studies Center
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Solomon Northup
• Worked as Raftsman
• Awoke in Chains
• Entrusted Letter to Carpenter
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Other
• Ögedei Khan
• Specified as Genghis's Successor
• Renewed Conflict with Persians
• Built Palace and Capital City
• Books
• Willie O'Ree
• Descended from Underground Railroad Refugees
• Repelled by Southern Racism
• Traded to Montreal
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• O
• Nagisa Oshima
• Reportedly Descended from Samurai
• Formed Own Studio
• Won Award at Cannes Festival
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Wilhelm Ostwald
• Russian Born and Educated
• University of Leipzig and Catalysis
• Explored Alternate Theories
• Won the 1909 Nobel Prize for Chemistry
• Online
• P
• Michael Palin
• Took Comic Roles in School Plays
• Created Legendary Comedy-Sketch Program
• Appeared in Brazil
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Spencer Perceval
• Eloped with Brother's Sister-in-Law
• Became Attorney General
• Led Parson's-Type Life
• Headed New Government
• Shot Point-Blank
• Books
• Periodicals
• Charles Ponzi
• Flunked Out of College
• Convicted of Check Forgery
• Devised Arbitrage Scheme
• Amassed Fortune by “Affinity Fraud”
• Exposed as Scam Artist
• Books
• Periodicals
• Andrée Putman
• Studied Piano at the Paris Conservatoire
• Launched Career in Magazines
• Became Artistic Director of Prisunic
• Founded Écart International
• Offered Unique Design for Morgans
• Established Own Company
• Continued Designing Late in Life
• Periodicals
• R
• Otis Redding
• Won Consecutive Talent Contests
• Formed Own Label
• Wrote Song on Houseboat
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Lou Reed
• Inspired by Early Rock and Roll
• Influenced by a Famous Poet
• Founded the Velvet Underground
• Found No Commercial Appeal
• Left Velvet Underground
• Found Commercial Success
• Married Twice
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Grantland Rice
• Farmed Acreage on Family Land
• Coined Phrase That Became Proverb
• Idealized Sports Heroes
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Bobby Riggs
• Trained by Female Coaches
• Served in Navy
• Challenged Female Players
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Bill Robinson
• Raised by Grandmother
• Developed Innovative Tap Style
• Appeared in Films
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Gene Roddenberry
• Joined Civilian Pilot Program
• Worked as Police Officer
• Fought to Retain Spock as Character
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Félicien Rops
• Thrown Out of Catholic School
• Befriended by Baudelaire
• Depicted Semi-Nude Figures
• Periodicals
• Online
• Arnold Rothstein
• Gambled from Early Age
• Alleged to Have Fixed Baseball Series
• Inspired Fictional Characters
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Anton Rubinstein
• Toured at a Young Age
• Suffered from Stage Fright
• Composed Popular Opera
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• S
• Peter Safar
• Attended Medical School in Europe
• Developed CPR Technique
• Created Multidisciplinary Critical Care Training
• Founded Professional Groups
• Continued Research
• Periodicals
• Coluccio Salutati
• Family Fled Southern Italy
• Argued for Value of Classical Texts
• Rallied Florentine Populace
• Books
• Online
• Andrew Sarris
• Impressed by Film as Toddler
• Popularized Auteur Theory
• Feuded with Other Critics
• Books
• Periodicals
• Terry Sawchuk
• Demonstrated Athletic Skills in Childhood
• Signed First Professional Contract
• Joined Detroit Red Wings
• Traded to Boston
• Played Final Seasons as a Backup
• Unexpected Early Death
• Books
• Periodicals
• Elsa Schiaparelli
• Dreamed of Bohemian Life
• Encouraged by Paul Poiret
• Built Multifaceted Brand
• Dressed Duchess of Windsor
• Interrupted by War
• Books
• Periodicals
• Ayrton Senna
• Kart Solved Coordination Problems
• Overtook Monaco Field in Heavy Rain
• Motivated by Religious Belief
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Jagjit Singh
• Name Changed on Guru's Advice
• Lived in Cheap Hostel
• Shaken by Son's Death
• Periodicals
• Online
• Curt Siodmak
• Published Story in Children's Magazine
• Included Poem in Film
• Wrote Scripts Rapidly
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Robert Siodmak
• Began Film Career in Germany
• Fled to France
• Moved to Hollywood
• Mastered Film Noir Style
• Returned to Europe
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Osbert Sitwell
• Education Concluded at Eton
• Enlivened London's Cultural Scene
• Collected Numerous Enemies
• Retired to Italy
• Books
• Periodicals
• Howard W. Smith
• Gained Election to Congress
• Became Master Obstructionist
• Lost Seat in a Primary Challenge
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Mamie Smith
• Left Home to Perform with Dance Act
• Recorded for OKeh
• Attracted Young Jazz Player to Band
• Books
• Online
• Ronnie Spector
• Began Career in New York
• Recorded Popular Singles
• Endured Difficult Marriage
• Continued Performing in Later Years
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Jim Stewart
• Earned Business Degree
• Changed Label Name to Stax
• Sold Share in Company
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• T
• Big Mama Thornton
• Came from Humble Origins
• Signed Contract in Houston
• Moved to California
• Performed Through Failing Health
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• István Tisza
• Mastered Complex Card Game as Child
• Elected to Parliament
• Second Term as Prime Minister
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Aleksey Tolstoy
• Parents Endured Epic Divorce
• Torn Between East and West
• Wrote Russian Sci-Fi Fable
• Won Stalin Prize
• Books
• Periodicals
• Tereska Torrès
• Fled France over Pyrénées
• Appealed to Winston Churchill
• Penned Scandalous, Bestselling Book
• “Not So Bad After All”
• Periodicals
• V
• Stevie Ray Vaughan
• Launched Career in Texas
• Became Influential Bluesman
• Struggled with Substance Abuse
• Died in Helicopter Crash
• Periodicals
• Online
• Shlomo Venezia
• Grew Up Poor
• Deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau
• Assigned to Crematorium
• Survived Evacuation
• Haunted by His Story
• Books
• Periodicals
• Michael Ventris
• Had Early Interest in Antiquities and Languages
• Worked as an Architect
• Worked on Deciphering Linear B
• Announced His Conclusions
• Honored for His Work
• Published Only Book Posthumously
• Books
• Periodicals
• Pier Paolo Vergerio
• Earned Law Degree
• Enjoyed Diplomatic Intrigues
• Began to Criticize the Church
• Resented Patronage System
• Fled Italy Forever
• Books
• Geza Vermes
• Decided to Become a Priest
• Wrote Dissertation on the Dead Sea Scrolls
• Published English Translation of the Scrolls
• Became Professor at Oxford
• Continued to Publish Challenging Works
• Honored for Life's Work
• Periodicals
• Edward Vernon
• Joined the Royal Navy
• Promoted to Captain
• Elected to Parliament
• Became Vice Admiral
• Ordered Grog Rations
• Struggled in Jamaica
• Served in Parliament until Death
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• W
• Edgar Wallace
• Entered Workforce Early
• Launched Writing Career in Africa
• Returned to London
• Turned to Fiction
• Wrote Books, Plays, Movie Scripts
• Known for Quantity Over Quality
• Books
• Periodicals
• Mike Wallace
• Gained Broadcasting Experience on Campus
• Shaken by Son's Death
• Program Provoked Lawsuit
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• John Wheelwright
• Attended Cambridge University
• Pastored Small-Town Church
• Banished from Massachusetts
• Books
• Online
• Lenny Wilkens
• Found Release in Basketball
• Played in the NBA
• Became Player/Coach
• Returned to Seattle as Coach
• Helped Coach the Dream Team
• Posted 1,000th Career Victory
• Coached in Toronto, New York
• Focused on His Charity
• Books
• Periodicals
• Amy Winehouse
• Early Career as Jazz Singer
• Back to Black Garnered Worldwide Acclaim
• Personal Problems Steal the Limelight
• Substance Abuse Led to Early Death
• Periodicals
• Online
• P. G. Wodehouse
• Created Famous Characters
• Made Questionable Broadcasts
• Later Life in the United States
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Ed Wood Jr.
• Served in Marines in World War II
• Film Endorsed Tolerance of Transsexuals
• Made Pornographic Films
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• John Wooden
• Won High School Basketball Championships
• Hired as College Basketball Coach
• Built Bruins Dynasty
• Remained Active in Retirement
• Inducted into Basketball Hall of Fame Twice
• Periodicals
• Y
• Nikolai Yezhov
• Joined Bolsheviks as Factory Worker
• Appointed to Internal-Affairs Investigation
• Oversaw Mass Executions
• Vanished into Penal System
• Books
• Periodicals
• Buson Yosa
• Studied under Hajin
• Became Buson
• Became Established Artist and Writer
• Matured as a Painter and Poet
• Recognized as Haiku Master
• Expanded His Art Forms
• Remained Important After Death
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
• Z
• Meles Zenawi
• Studied Medicine
• Allowed Eritrean Secession
• Clamped Down on Election Opposition
• Books
• Periodicals
• Online
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