In this important reference work, distinguished neuroscientists assembled the current state-of-the-art knowledge on how nervous systems have evolved throughout the animal kingdom. This second edition remains rich in detail and broad in scope, outlining the changes in brain and nervous system organization that occurred from the first invertebrates and vertebrates, to present day fishes, reptiles, birds, mammals, and especially primates, including humans.

Table of Contents

• Editor-in-Chief
• Volume Editors
• Preface
• Introductions
• Volume 1 The Evolution of The Nervous Systems in Nonmammalian Vertebrates
• Taxa
• Invertebrate Origins of Vertebrate Nervous Systems
• Evolution of Neural Crest and Cranial Placodes
• The Nervous Systems of Jawless Vertebrates
• The Brains of Teleost Fishes
• The Brains of Cartilaginous Fishes
• Adult Neurogenesis in the Teleost Fish Brain: Developmental Principles and Evolutionary Implications
• The Organization of the Central Nervous System of Lungfishes: An Immunohistochemical Approach
• The Organization of the Central Nervous System of Amphibians
• The Brains of Reptiles and Birds
• The Role of Endocasts in the Study of Brain Evolution
• Systems
• Chemoreceptors in Evolution
• Lateral Line Systems (Including Electroreception)
• Evolutionary Trends in Land Vertebrate Hearing Organs
• Evolutionary Trends in Hearing in Nonmammalian Vertebrates
• A Comparative Overview of Locomotion and Its Neural Basis in Aquatic, Nonmammalian Chordates and Protochordates
• Conserved Features of the Basal Ganglia and Related Forebrain Circuits–From Lampreys to Mammals
• Brain Systems Underlying Social Behavior
• Functional Correlates of Brain and Brain Region Sizes in Nonmammalian Vertebrates
• Brain Regions
• Structure and Function of Regional Specializations in the Vertebrate Retina
• The Cerebellum of Nonmammalian Vertebrates
• The Optic Tectum: A Structure Evolved for Stimulus Selection
• The Diencephalon and Hypothalamus of Nonmammalian Vertebrates: Evolutionary and Developmental Traits
• The Amygdala
• The Hippocampus of Nonmammalian Vertebrates
• Function and Evolution of the Reptilian Cerebral Cortex
• The Pallium in Reptiles and Birds in the Light of the Updated Tetrapartite Pallium Model
• Volume 2 The Nervous Systems of Early Mammals and Their Evolution
• The Emergence of Mammals
• A New Mammalian Brain Ontology Based on Developmental Gene Expression
• Mammalian Evolution: The Phylogenetics Story
• The Organization of Neocortex in Early Mammals
• Evolution of Large Brain and Body Size in Mammals
• The Evolution of Mammalian Sleep
• What Modern Mammals Teach About the Cellular Composition of Early Brains and Mechanisms of Brain Evolution
• The Miniature Neocortex of Shrews–Clues to Mammalian Brain Evolution
• Comparative Aspects of Mammalian Cortical Development
• The Neocortical Homologues in Nonmammalian Amniotes: Bridging the Hierarchical Concepts of Homology Through Comparative Neurogenesis
• Evolution of Telencephalic Commissures: Conservation and Change of Developmental Systems in the Origin of Brain Wiring Novelties
• Comparative Analysis of Receptor Types That Identify Primary Cortical Sensory Areas
• Consistencies and Variances in the Anatomical Organization of Aspects of the Mammalian Brain stem
• Comparative Structure of the Cerebral Cortex in Large Mammals
• White Matter Expansion
• Comparative Anatomy of Glial Cells in Mammals
• The Monotreme Nervous System
• Marsupial Brains Are Not as “Primitive” as Expected
• Xenarthran Nervous Systems
• Carnivoran Brains: Effects of Sociality on Inter- and Intraspecific Comparisons of Regional Brain Volumes
• Some Comparative Aspects of the Mammalian Hippocampus
• Comparative Anatomy and Evolution of the Somatosensory Brain Stem
• Evolution of Flight and Echolocation in Bats
• Developmental Gene Expression Redefines the Mammalian Brain Stem
• Volume 3 The Nervous Systems of Non-Human Primates
• The Phylogeny of Primates
• Cellular Composition, Developmental Mechanisms that Give Rise to a Larger Cortical Sheet, Brain Scaling, and Evolution of Brain Body Relationships
• What Primate Brains Are Made of
• The Expansion of the Cortical Sheet in Primates
• Neocortex Expansion in Development and Evolution: The Cell Biology of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells and the Impact of Human-Specific Gene Expression
• Developmental Programs and Gene Expression Patterns Yield Insights Into the Evolution of Primate Cortical Circuitry
• Scaling Up the Simian Primate Cortex: A Conserved Pattern of Expansion Across Brain Sizes
• Evolutionary-Developmental Aspects of Cortical Connectivity
• The Timing of Brain Maturation, Early Experience, and the Human Social Niche
• The Developmental Basis of Evolutionary Trends in Primate Encephalization
• The Visual System
• The Evolution of Subcortical Pathways to the Extrastriate Cortex
• Evolution of Visual Cortex in Primates
• Evolved Mechanisms of High-Level Visual Perception in Primates
• Evolution of Visual Attention in Primates
• Evolution of Parietal Cortex and the Emergence of Manual Dexterity and Tool Use
• Evolution of Parietal Cortex in Mammals: From Manipulation to Tool Use
• Evolution of Parietal-Frontal Networks in Primates
• Hands, Brains, and Precision Grips: Origins of Tool Use Behaviors
• Tool Use in Nonhuman Primates: Natural History, Ontogenetic Development and Social Supports for Learning
• The Auditory Cortex and Cortical Networks for Vocal Communication
• Evolution of Auditory Cortex in Primates
• Individual Variability in the Functional Organization of the Cerebral Cortex Across a Lifetime: A Substrate for Evolution Across Generations
• Specialization of Primate Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex for Face and Vocal Processing: Precursor to Communication
• The Evolution of Motor, Frontal and Prefrontal Cortex
• Evolution of Mirror Neuron Mechanism in Primates
• The Evolution of the Prefrontal Cortex in Early Primates and Anthropoids
• The Evolution of Primate Executive Function: From Response Control to Strategic Decision-Making
• The Evolution of Cultural Capacity and Innovation in Primates: Epigentic Mechanisms that Give Rise to Phenotypic Diversity within a Population
• Modern Epigenetics: Potential Mechanisms for Cultural Transmission and Social Learning in Primates
• Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Development of Social Behavior in Primates
• The Cultural Capacity of Human and Nonhuman Primates: Social Learning, Innovation, and Cumulative Cultural Evolution
• Beyond the Evolution of Sensory Systems
• Evolutionary Constraints on the Emergence of Human Mathematical Concepts
• Decomposing the Evolution of Sleep: Comparative and Developmental Approaches
• From Sponge to Human: The Evolution of Consciousness
• Volume 4 The Evolution of The Human Brain: Apes and Other Ancestors
• An Introduction to Human Brain Evolutionary Studies
• Human Evolutionary History
• Appendix 1
• Evolution of Human Life History
• Energetics, Life History, and Human Brain Evolution
• The Fossil Evidence of Human Brain Evolution
• Differences in Brain Organization Between Neanderthals and Modern Humans
• Molecular Evolution and Phenotypic Change
• Evolutionary Specializations of Human Brain Microstructure
• Remarkable, But Not Special: What Human Brains Are Made of
• Evolution of the Human Brain: Design Without a Designer
• Human Association Cortex: Expanded, Untethered, Neotenous, and Plastic
• Evolutionary Specializations of Human Association Cortex
• Evolutionary Specializations of the Human Prefrontal Cortex
• Evolution of Human Visual System Specializations
• On the Evolution of the Frontal Eye Field: Comparisons of Monkeys, Apes, and Humans
• Evolutionary Specializations of the Human Limbic System
• The Evolution of Auditory Cortex in Humans
• Evolution of Laterality and Language in Primates
• Evolution of Human Language Circuits Revealed With Comparative Diffusion Tensor Imaging
• The Evo-Devo of Vocal Communication: Insights From Marmoset Monkeys
• Language Evolution
• The Neuroscience of Human Tool Use
• The Search for Human Cognitive Specializations
• Permission Acknowledgments