Complete Crime Scene Investigation Handbook

Editor/Author Baxter, Jr., Everett
Publication Year: 2015
Publisher: CRC Press

Single-User Purchase Price: $119.95
Unlimited-User Purchase Price: Not Available
ISBN: 978-1-49-870144-0
Category: Social Sciences - Criminology & Law
Image Count: 410
Book Status: Available
Table of Contents

Complete Crime Scene Investigation Handbook is the most complete, one-stop practical reference for law enforcement and crime scene professionals as well as students looking to enter the field. The book provides step-by-step methods and best practice protocols for effectively finding, recognizing, recording, collecting, preserving, handling, and packaging evidence.

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Table of Contents

  • Foreword
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • Author
  • Introduction
  • Investigative Team
  • 1.1 INVESTIGATIVE TEAM AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES
  • Forensic Search and Seizure
  • 2.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 2.2 STANDING
  • 2.3 LEGAL MEANS TO PROCESS A SCENE
  • 2.4 EXCLUSIONARY RULE
  • 2.5 FORENSIC EVIDENCE
  • 2.6 BLOOD, DNA, AND BODY SAMPLES
  • 2.7 NONTESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE
  • 2.8 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 2.9 SKETCHES
  • 2.10 NOTES
  • 2.11 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • IMPORTANT COURT CASES
  • Documentation
  • Note Taking
  • 3.1 PURPOSE OF DOCUMENTATION
  • 3.2 KEY ELEMENTS OF A PROPERLY DOCUMENTED CRIME SCENE
  • 3.3 FIELD NOTES
  • 3.4 TASK LISTS/TO-DO LISTS
  • 3.5 NOTE CATEGORIES
  • 3.6 PREFORMATTED NOTE FORMS
  • 3.7 VEHICLE DOCUMENTATION
  • 3.8 NOTES
  • Photography
  • 4.1 ARTISTIC PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 4.2 POLICE PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 4.3 STOP AND EXPOSURE
  • 4.4 APERTURE (F/STOP)
  • 4.5 DEPTH OF FIELD
  • 4.6 SHUTTER SPEED
  • 4.7 ISO
  • 4.8 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
  • 4.9 HARD LIGHT VERSUS SOFT LIGHT
  • 4.10 CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 4.11 CATEGORIES OF PHOTOGRAPHS
  • 4.12 SUCCESSFUL PHOTOGRAPHS
  • 4.13 PHOTOGRAPHIC PSYCHOLOGY
  • 4.14 PHOTOGRAPH ADMISSIBILITY INTO COURT
  • 4.15 CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY: OVERALL PHOTOGRAPHS
  • 4.16 CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY: MIDRANGE PHOTOGRAPHS
  • 4.17 CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY: CLOSE-UP PHOTOGRAPHS
  • 4.18 PHOTOGRAPHS WITH EVIDENCE MARKERS
  • 4.19 EXAMINATION QUALITY PHOTOGRAPHS
  • 4.20 VICTIM/SUSPECT/WITNESS PHOTOGRAPHS
  • 4.21 OFFICER-INVOLVED SHOOTINGS
  • 4.22 VEHICLE PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 4.23 COLLISION OR ACCIDENT PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 4.24 OTHER USES OF EVIDENCE PHOTOGRAPHS
  • 4.25 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 4.26 ADDING TO AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS
  • 4.27 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 4.28 SKETCHES
  • 4.29 NOTES
  • 4.30 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • IMPORTANT CASE LAW
  • Sketching
  • 5.1 USES OF SKETCHES AND FORENSIC MAPS
  • 5.2 DETERMINING WHEN TO CREATE A SKETCH OR FORENSIC MAP
  • 5.3 CATEGORIES OF SKETCHES
  • 5.4 SKETCH VERSUS FORENSIC MAP
  • 5.5 SKETCH INFORMATION AND FORMAT
  • 5.6 SKETCH ADMISSIBILITY INTO COURT
  • 5.7 TYPES OF SKETCHES
  • 5.8 MEASURING DEVICES
  • 5.9 MEASURING METHODS
  • 5.10 NOTE ABOUT MEASURING TECHNIQUES
  • 5.11 CREATING A ROUGH SKETCH
  • 5.12 MEASURING METHODS FOR STRUCTURES
  • 5.13 USE OF TABLE OR MEASUREMENT LOG
  • 5.14 CREATING A FINAL SKETCH
  • 5.15 MAKING YOUR ROUGH SKETCH PERMANENT
  • 5.16 THREE-DIMENSIONAL SKETCHES
  • 5.17 COMPUTER-GENERATED SYMBOLS
  • 5.18 SKETCHES
  • Locating Evidence
  • Crime Scene Searching Techniques
  • 6.1 SEARCH PATTERNS
  • 6.2 INFORMATION PROVIDED PRIOR TO SEARCH
  • 6.3 INTRUSIVENESS OF THE SEARCH
  • 6.4 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
  • 6.5 ADDITIONAL SEARCHING TECHNIQUES
  • 6.6 SEARCH PROBLEMS
  • 6.7 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 6.8 SKETCHES
  • 6.9 NOTES
  • 6.10 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • Alternate Light Source
  • 7.1 ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
  • 7.2 HOW WE SEE OBJECTS
  • 7.3 WHITE LIGHT
  • 7.4 LIGHT
  • 7.5 PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
  • 7.6 FLUORESCENT EFFECT
  • 7.7 FILTERS
  • 7.8 ALTERNATE LIGHT SOURCE
  • 7.9 OTHER USES OF THE ALS
  • 7.10 PAINTING WITH LIGHT REVISITED
  • 7.11 IR/UV PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 7.12 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 7.13 SKETCHES
  • 7.14 NOTES
  • 7.15 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • Presumptive Tests and Chemical Enhancements
  • 8.1 PRESUMPTIVE TESTS
  • 8.2 TYPES OF PRESUMPTIVE TESTS
  • 8.3 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 8.4 SKETCHES
  • 8.5 NOTES
  • 8.6 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • 8.7 CHEMICAL ENHANCEMENTS
  • 8.8 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 8.9 SKETCHES
  • 8.10 NOTES
  • 8.11 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • 8.12 CLEANING CHEMICALS
  • 8.13 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 8.14 SKETCHES
  • 8.15 NOTES
  • 8.16 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • 8.17 CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BLOOD
  • 8.18 SEMEN
  • 8.19 NOTE ON SHELF LIFE
  • 8.20 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 8.21 SKETCHES
  • 8.22 NOTES
  • 8.23 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • Latent Fingerprint Development
  • 9.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 9.2 ATTEMPTS TO AVOID DETECTION
  • 9.3 FINGERPRINT CHARACTERISTICS
  • 9.4 FINGERPRINT MAKEUP
  • 9.5 POINT OF CLARIFICATION
  • 9.6 USES OF FINGERPRINTS
  • 9.7 THINGS TO CONSIDER BEFORE FINGERPRINTING
  • 9.8 THREE CATEGORIES OF FINGERPRINTS
  • 9.9 TRAINING IS IMPORTANT
  • 9.10 EXPERIMENTATION AT THE SCENE
  • 9.11 TYPES OF BRUSHES
  • 9.12 PROPER USES OF BRUSHES
  • 9.13 POWDERS
  • 9.14 CLEAR LIFTING TAPE
  • 9.15 LATENT FINGERPRINT BACKING CARDS
  • 9.16 FINGERPRINT LIFTING AIDS
  • 9.17 APPLYING TAPE TO SURFACES TECHNIQUES
  • 9.18 ATTACHING TAPE TO BACKING CARD TECHNIQUES
  • 9.19 EXTENDING A BACKING CARD
  • 9.20 USING 2” TAPE TO MAKE PALM-SIZED TAPE
  • 9.21 TRIM ENDS OF TAPE
  • 9.22 LIFTING THE LATENT FINGERPRINT USING HINGE LIFTERS
  • 9.23 LIFTING THE LATENT FINGERPRINT USING RUBBER/GEL LIFTERS
  • 9.24 LIFTING THE LATENT FINGERPRINT USING SPECIAL LIFTING TAPE
  • 9.25 LIFTING THE LATENT FINGERPRINT USING FORENSIC SIL
  • 9.26 LIFTING THE LATENT FINGERPRINT USING CLEAR GLUE
  • 9.27 LIFTING THE LATENT FINGERPRINT USING MIKROSIL
  • 9.28 LIFTING THE LATENT FINGERPRINT USING ADDITIONAL TECHNIQUES
  • 9.29 INCIDENTAL MARKS ON THE LIFTING TAPE
  • 9.30 POWDER PROCESSING METHODS
  • 9.31 ADDITIONAL FINGERPRINT DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUES
  • 9.32 CHEMICAL PROCESSING
  • 9.33 PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENT
  • 9.34 DYE STAINS FOR POST-CYANOACRYLATE FUMING
  • 9.35 ADDITIONAL PROCESSING METHODS
  • 9.36 DEVELOPING LATENT FINGERPRINTS ON PAPER EVIDENCE
  • 9.37 DEVELOPING LATENT FINGERPRINT ON ADHESIVE SIDE OF TAPE
  • 9.38 DEVELOPING LATENT FINGERPRINTS ON BLOOD-CONTAMINATED EVIDENCE
  • 9.39 DEVELOPING LATENT
  • 9.40 DEVELOPING LATENT FINGERPRINTS ON FIRE SCENE EVIDENCE
  • 9.41 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 9.42 SKETCHES
  • 9.43 NOTES
  • 9.44 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • 9.45 FINGERPRINT FLOWCHARTS
  • 9.46 CHEMICAL SOLUTION CONTROL TEST
  • Evidence Collection and Packaging
  • 10.1 SINGLE ITEM OF EVIDENCE VERSUS MULTIPLE ITEMS COLLECTED TOGETHER
  • 10.2 EVIDENCE COLLECTION METHODS
  • 10.3 EVIDENCE PACKAGING
  • 10.4 PACKAGING, LABELING, AND SEALING
  • 10.5 PROTECTION OF EVIDENCE FROM LOSS, CROSS CONTAMINATION, OR OTHER ALTERATIONS
  • 10.6 DECONTAMINATION OF EQUIPMENT
  • 10.7 CONTROL SAMPLES
  • 10.8 CHAIN OF CUSTODY
  • 10.9 EVIDENCE NUMBERING
  • 10.10 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 10.11 SKETCHES
  • 10.12 NOTES
  • 10.13 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • Types of Evidence
  • Physical Evidence
  • 11.1 PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
  • 11.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
  • 11.3 LOCARD'S EXCHANGE PRINCIPLE
  • 11.4 CATEGORIES OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
  • 11.5 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
  • 11.6 PHYSICAL EVIDENCE AND THE INVESTIGATIVE QUESTIONS
  • 11.7 CLOTHING DOCUMENTATION
  • 11.8 PHOTOGRAPHS
  • 11.9 CUT CLOTHING
  • 11.10 TORN CLOTHING
  • 11.11 SKETCHES
  • 11.12 NOTES
  • 11.13 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • Serological Evidence
  • 12.1 DNA
  • 12.2 SOURCES OF DNA
  • 12.3 IMPORTANCE OF DNA EVIDENCE
  • 12.4 DNA EVIDENCE
  • 12.5 DNA TRANSFER/CONTAMINATION IN FINGERPRINT PROCESSING
  • 12.6 TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL/ SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE
  • 12.7 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 12.8 SKETCHES
  • 12.9 NOTES
  • 12.10 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • 12.11 BUCCAL SWABS
  • 12.12 DNA ISSUES
  • Trace Evidence
  • 13.1 SOURCES OF TRACE EVIDENCE (INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO)
  • 13.2 TYPES OF TRACE EVIDENCE (INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO)
  • 13.3 VALUE OF TRACE EVIDENCE
  • Firearms and Toolmark Evidence
  • 14.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 14.2 FIVE FIREARMS STYLES
  • 14.3 FIREARM BORE
  • 14.4 AMMUNITION
  • 14.5 EXAMINATION OF FIREARMS EVIDENCE
  • 14.6 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 14.7 SKETCHES
  • 14.8 NOTES
  • 14.9 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • 14.10 GUNSHOT RESIDUE
  • 14.11 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 14.12 SKETCHES
  • 14.13 NOTES
  • 14.14 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • 14.15 TOOLMARKS
  • 14.16 TYPES OF TOOLMARKS
  • 14.17 QUALITY OF THE TOOLMARK
  • 14.18 KNIVES
  • 14.19 VALUE OF TOOLMARK EVIDENCE
  • 14.20 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 14.21 SKETCHES
  • 14.22 NOTES
  • 14.23 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • Footwear and Tire Impression Evidence
  • 15.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 15.2 USEFULNESS OF FOOTWEAR IMPRESSIONS
  • 15.3 FOOTWEAR IMPRESSION FORMATION
  • 15.4 LOCATING IMPRESSIONS
  • 15.5 KNOWN/EXEMPLAR/ALIBI FOOTWEAR
  • 15.6 TIRE IMPRESSIONS
  • 15.7 USEFULNESS OF TIRE IMPRESSIONS
  • 15.8 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 15.9 SKETCHES
  • 15.10 NOTES
  • 15.11 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • 15.12 KNOWN/EXEMPLAR/ALIBI TIRES
  • 15.13 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 15.14 SKETCHES
  • 15.15 NOTES
  • 15.16 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • Digital Evidence
  • 16.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 16.2 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 16.3 SKETCHES
  • 16.4 NOTES
  • 16.5 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • Injury Documentation
  • 17.1 INJURY DOCUMENTATION
  • 17.2 EXAMINATION AND DOCUMENTATION OF INJURIES USING THE ALS
  • 17.3 PHOTOGRAPHS
  • 17.4 SKETCHES
  • 17.5 NOTES
  • 17.6 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • Special Considerations
  • Shooting Scene Documentation
  • 18.1 BALLISTICS
  • 18.2 PROPER DOCUMENTATION OF SHOOTING SCENE
  • 18.3 BULLET DEFECT LABELING
  • 18.4 PROPER MEASUREMENTS TO DOCUMENT BULLET DEFECTS
  • 18.5 RICOCHETS
  • 18.6 GLASS
  • 18.7 SHOOTING SCENE CONFIRMATORY TESTS
  • 18.8 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 18.9 PHOTOGRAPHING BULLET DEFECTS AS A MEASURING TOOL
  • 18.10 SKETCHES
  • 18.11 NOTES
  • 18.12 BULLET DEFECT CHARACTERISTICS
  • 18.13 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • Bloodstain Documentation
  • 19.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 19.2 BLOODSTAIN TERMINOLOGY
  • 19.3 ADDITIONAL TERMS TO BE AWARE OF
  • 19.4 ADDITIONAL AREAS TO BE AWARE OF
  • 19.5 PHOTO DOCUMENTATION TECHNIQUE FOR BLOODSTAINS
  • 19.6 CLOTHING
  • 19.7 PHOTOGRAPHS
  • 19.8 SKETCHES
  • 19.9 NOTES
  • 19.10 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • Clandestine Graves and Scattered Human Remains
  • 20.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 20.2 FORENSIC BOTANY
  • 20.3 FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY
  • 20.4 GEOLOGY
  • 20.5 GEOPHYSICS
  • 20.6 ARCHEOLOGY
  • 20.7 SITE EVALUATION
  • 20.8 EXHUMATION TECHNIQUES
  • 20.9 SPECIAL CONSIDERATION
  • Fire Scenes
  • 21.1 FIRE SCENE DOCUMENTATION AND EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • 21.2 TYPES OF FIRE SCENES
  • 21.3 FIRE
  • 21.4 FIRE INVESTIGATION TERMINOLOGY
  • 21.5 BURN PATTERNS AND INDICATORS
  • 21.6 FOUR ACCEPTABLE FIRE CAUSES
  • 21.7 WHAT YOUR EVIDENCE MUST SHOW
  • 21.8 ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION: ACCIDENTAL IGNITION SOURCES
  • 21.9 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 21.10 SKETCHES
  • 21.11 NOTES
  • 21.12 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • 21.13 ARSON ACCELERANTS
  • 21.14 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 21.15 SKETCHES
  • 21.16 NOTES
  • 21.17 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • 21.18 CONTROL SAMPLE
  • Questioned Document Evidence
  • 22.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 22.2 IMPORTANCE OF QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS EXAMINATIONS
  • 22.3 PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 22.4 SKETCHES
  • 22.5 NOTES
  • 22.6 EVIDENCE COLLECTION
  • Putting It All Together
  • Develop a Working Plan and Processing Methodology
  • 23.1 DEVELOP A WORKING PLAN
  • 23.2 PROCESSING METHODOLOGY
  • 23.3 EVIDENCE LOCATED DURING SUBSEQUENT SEARCHES
  • Report Writing
  • 24.1 AUTHOR'S FINAL REPORT FORMAT
  • 24.2 PRIMARY SCENE REPORT
  • 24.3 SECONDARY OR ASSISTING REPORTS
  • 24.4 “COVER” REPORTS
  • 24.5 SKILL AND KNOWLEDGE LEVEL
  • 24.6 ANALYSIS REPORTS
  • 24.7 TECHNICAL REVIEW
  • 24.8 IDENTIFY YOUR AUDIENCE
  • 24.9 CASE FILE MANAGEMENT
  • Appendix A: Search Waivers
  • Appendix B: Sample Forms
  • Appendix C: Additional Camera Equipment
  • Appendix D: Equipment Lists
  • Appendix E: Fingerprint Flowcharts
  • Appendix F: Personal Protective Equipment
  • Appendix G: Trajectory Kits
  • Glossary