The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Travel and Tourism brings together a team of international scholars to examine the travel and tourism industry, which is expected to grow at an annual rate of four percent for the next decade.

Table of Contents

• Volume 1
• Reader's Guide
• About the Editor
• Contributors
• Introduction
• A
• Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
• Accessibility Issues in Travel and Tourism
• Accommodations, Types of
• Acculturation
• Adventure Tourism
• Advertising and Marketing
• Afghanistan
• Agritourism
• Air Flight Plan, Flight Path, and Flight Recorder
• Air Traffic Control
• Airbnb
• Airline Cost Structure
• Airline Hub-and-Spoke System
• Airline Passenger Bill of Rights
• Airlines Reporting Corporation
• Airline Travel
• Airport Art and Uniqueness of Place
• Airport Trends
• Airports
• Airports in the United States
• Algeria
• Alternative Tourism
• American Automobile Association
• Amman, Jordan
• Amsterdam, The Netherlands
• Andorra
• Angola
• Antalya, Turkey
• Anthropology of Tourism
• Antigua and Barbuda
• Architecture and Tourism
• Arctic Tourism
• Argentina
• Armenia
• Aruba
• Auckland, New Zealand
• Australia
• Austria
• Authenticity
• Aviation English
• B
• Backpacker Tourism
• Baggage
• Bahamas, The
• Bahrain
• Baku, Azerbaijan
• Balance of Payments
• Bangkok, Thailand
• Barbados
• Barcelona, Spain
• Beach Tourism
• Beijing, China
• Belarus
• Belize
• Berlin, Germany
• Bermuda
• Bhutan
• Bicycle Tourism
• Big Data and Tourism
• Birth Tourism
• Body Scanners in Airports
• Bolivia
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Botswana
• Brand Management
• Brazil
• BRICS Countries
• Brundtland Report
• Brunei Darussalam
• Budapest, Hungary
• Buenos Aires, Argentina
• Bulgaria
• Burgas, Bulgaria
• Burkina Faso
• Bus and Coach Operators
• Bus Travel, Africa
• Bus Travel, Europe
• Bus Travel, Middle East
• Bus Travel, North and South America
• Business Tourism
• Butler's Tourism Area Life Cycle and Its Expansion to the Creative Economy
• C
• Cairo, Egypt
• Cameroon
• Campers, RVs, and Motor Homes
• Camping Tourism
• Cancún, Mexico
• Cape Verde
• Car Rental Companies
• Carbon Offsets
• Careers in Travel and Tourism
• Caribbean Tourism Organization
• Carrying Capacity: Environmental
• Carrying Capacity: Physical
• Carrying Capacity: Sociocultural
• Casino Tourism, Asia & Pacific
• Casino Tourism, U.S.
• Cell Phones and International Travel
• Chad
• Channels of Distribution
• Chiang Mai, Thailand
• Children, Traveling With
• China
• Christchurch, New Zealand
• Cittaslow
• City Tours
• Civil Aeronautics Board
• Climate Change
• Cohen's Model of Typologies of Tourists
• Colombia
• Commodification of Culture
• Communication Networks
• Commuter Airline
• Computerized Reservation Systems
• Congo, Democratic Republic of the
• Convention and Visitors Bureaus
• Corporate Travel
• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• Costa Rica
• Croatia
• Cruise Lines
• Cruise Lines International Association
• Cruise Port
• Cruise Tourism
• Cuba
• Culinary Tourism
• Cultural Tourism
• Culture Shock
• Currency, Traveler's Checks, and Credit Cards
• Customer Service in Service Businesses
• Customs and Immigration
• Cyprus
• D
• Dark Tourism
• Day-Tripper Tourism
• Deep Vein Thrombosis
• Defining Travel and Tourism
• Demand Side Tourism Sectors
• Demonstration Effect
• Denmark
• Destination Management
• Destination Management Companies
• Doha, Qatar
• Domestic Tourism
• Dominica
• Dominican Republic
• Dubai, United Arab Emirates
• Dublin, Ireland
• Duty-Free Sales
• Volume 2
• E
• Early Bird Discounts
• Earth Summit
• Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
• Economics of Tourism
• Ecotourism
• Ecuador
• Edirne, Turkey
• Educational Tourism
• Egypt
• El Salvador
• Elements of a Marketing Plan in Travel and Tourism
• Enclave Tourism
• Entrepreneurship
• Environmental Impacts of Tourism
• Environmental Impacts of Travel
• Environmental Policies
• Estonia
• Ethiopia
• Ethnic Tourism
• E-Tickets
• E-Tourism
• European Travel Commission
• European Union and Travel Implications
• Exchange Rates
• Externalities
• Extreme Tourism
• F
• Fair and Festival Tourism
• Familiarization (FAM) Trip
• Farm Tourism
• Federal Aviation Administration
• Ferries
• Fiji
• Film- and Media-Induced Tourism
• Finland
• Flight Attendants: History and Culture
• Food and Beverage Establishments, Types of
• France
• Franchise
• Frankfurt, Germany
• G
• Gabon
• Gambia, The
• Game Park Tourism
• Garden Tourism
• Geography of Light and Landscape in Travel
• Georgia
• Geotourism
• Germany
• Glamping Tourism
• Global Positioning System
• Golf Tourism
• Greece
• Greenwashing
• Grenada
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Tourism
• Group Travel Specialists
• Guangzhou, China
• Guatemala
• Guyana
• H
• Haiti
• Hanoi, Vietnam
• Hard and Soft Tourism
• Hazmat and Travel
• Heritage Tourism
• Highway/Freeway System, Africa
• Highway/Freeway System, Australia
• Highway/Freeway System, China
• Highway/Freeway System, Europe
• Highway/Freeway System, Japan
• Highway/Freeway System, Mexico
• Highway/Freeway System, U.S.
• Hijacking
• Hiking/Walking Tourism
• Historic Houses Association
• History of Travel and Tourism
• Homestay Tourism
• Honduras
• Hong Kong
• Honolulu, United States
• Hosts and Guests
• Hot-Air Balloon Tours
• Human Resource Management
• Hungary
• I
• Iceland
• Immunizations
• Incentive Travel
• India
• Indigenous Tourism
• Indonesia
• In-Flight Amenities
• Infrastructure and Superstructure
• International Air Transport Association
• International Driving Permit
• International Ecotourism Society, The
• International Relations and Tourism
• International Society of Travel and Tourism Educators
• International Student Travel
• International Tourism
• Iran
• Iraq
• Ireland
• Israel
• Istanbul, Turkey
• Italy
• ITB Berlin
• J
• Jakarta, Indonesia
• Jamaica
• Japan
• Johannesburg, South Africa
• Jordan
• K
• Kazakhstan
• Kenya
• Kiev, Ukraine
• Kiribati
• Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• Kuwait
• Kyrgyzstan
• L
• Language of Tourism
• Laos
• Lebanon
• Legacy Air Carriers, History of
• Leisure Tourism, Serious
• Leisure Travel, Sociology of
• Lesotho
• LGBT Tourism
• Liberia
• Libya
• Liechtenstein
• Lifestyle Tourism
• Lima, Peru
• Lisbon, Portugal
• Local Handicrafts
• London, United Kingdom
• Low-Cost Air Carriers
• Loyalty Schemes
• Volume 3
• M
• Macau
• Madagascar
• Madrid, Spain
• Maglev Trains
• Malawi
• Malaysia
• Maldives
• Mali
• Malta
• Manama, Bahrain
• Manila, Philippines
• Marijuana Tourism
• Market Segmentation
• Marrakech, Morocco
• Mass Tourism
• Mecca, Saudi Arabia
• Medical Tourism
• Meetings and Conventions Tourism
• Melbourne, Australia
• Mexico
• Mexico City, Mexico
• Miami, United States
• Milan, Italy
• Mixed-Use Development
• Moldova
• Monaco
• Morocco
• Moscow, Russia
• Mozambique
• Multigenerational Tourism
• Mumbai, India
• Munich, Germany
• Museums
• Myanmar
• N
• National Tourism Offices
• National Transportation Safety Board
• National Trust for Historic Preservation
• Natural Disasters
• Nature Reserves
• Nauru
• Nepal
• Netherlands, The
• New Trends in Travel Marketing
• New York City, United States
• New Zealand
• Niagara Falls
• Nicaragua
• Nice, France
• Niche Tourism
• Niger
• Nigeria
• Norway
• O
• Olympic Games and Their Impacts
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
• Orlando, United States
• P
• Pacific Asia Travel Association
• Pakistan
• Palau
• Palestine
• Panama
• Pandemics
• Papua New Guinea
• Paris, France
• Passenger Air Tariff
• Passports
• Pattaya, Thailand
• Peru
• Pets, Traveling With
• Philippines
• Phuket, Thailand
• Place-Branding in Tourism
• Plog's Model of Typologies of Tourists
• Poland
• Politics and Tourism
• Portugal
• Priority Boarding
• Professional Certifications, Event Planners
• Professional Certifications, Travel Agents
• Pro-Poor Tourism
• Psychology of Travel
• Punta Cana, Dominican Republic
• Q
• Qatar
• Qualitative Tourism Research
• Quantitative Tourism Research
• R
• Radio Frequency Identification
• Rail Travel, Asia & Pacific
• Rail Travel, Europe
• Recreation and Leisure
• Regulation and Deregulation
• Religion and Tourism
• Religious Tourism
• Repatriation of Currency
• Research Tourism
• Resort Development Planning
• Revenue Management
• Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
• Rio+20
• Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• Romania
• Rural Planning and Development for Tourism
• Rural Tourism
• Russia
• S
• Safety Management Systems
• Saint Kitts and Nevis
• Saint Lucia
• Saint Petersburg, Russia
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
• Samoa
• San Marino
• Saudi Arabia
• Seasonality and Tourism
• Second Home Ownership
• Seoul, South Korea
• Serbia and Montenegro
• Sex Tourism
• Seychelles
• Shanghai, China
• Shenzhen, China
• Ship Travel
• Shopping and Tourism
• Sierra Leone
• Sightseeing
• Singapore
• Ski Tourism, Europe
• Ski Tourism, U.S.
• Slow Tourism
• Slow Travel
• Slum Tourism
• Smart Tourism and Smart Destinations
• Social Media and Networking
• Social Tourism
• Sociocultural Issues Related to Tourism
• Sofia, Bulgaria
• Solomon Islands
• Sousse, Tunisia
• South Africa
• Souvenirs and Tourism
• Spa Tourism
• Space Tourism
• Spain
• Special Event Tourism
• Special Interest Tourism
• Sports Tourism
• Spring Break Tourism
• Sri Lanka
• Stakeholder Analysis
• Staycation Tourism
• Strategic Management
• Supply and Demand
• Suriname
• Sustainable Development
• Sustainable Tourism
• Swaziland
• Sweden
• Switzerland
• SWOT Analysis
• Syria
• Volume 4
• T
• Taipei, Taiwan
• Tajikistan
• Tanzania
• Thailand
• Theme Park Tourism
• Timeshare Ownership
• Timor-Leste
• Tokyo, Japan
• Tour Operators
• Tourism and the Arts
• Tourism and the Millennium Development Goals
• Tourism Development
• Tourism Ethics and Codes of Conduct
• Tourism Multiplier
• Tourism Planning
• Tourism Policies
• Tourism Research
• Tourism Resources
• Tourism Satellite Accounts
• Tourism Statistics
• Tourism System, The
• Tourist Attractions
• Transportation and Infrastructure Issues in the Developing World
• Transportation Security Administration
• Travel Advisories
• Travel Agents and Agencies
• Travel and Tourism Research Association
• Travel and Tourism Research Journals
• Travel and Tourism's Most Pressing Issues for the 21st Century
• Travel Apparel
• Travel Blogs
• Travel Guides
• Travel Insurance
• Travel Law
• Travel Practice Ethics
• Travel Sickness
• Travel Technology
• Travel Trends in Africa
• Travel Trends in Asia & Pacific
• Travel Trends in the Middle East
• Travel Writers
• Trinidad and Tobago
• Triple Bottom Line
• Tunisia
• Tuvalu
• U
• Uganda
• Ukraine
• UN-Habitat
• United Arab Emirates
• United Kingdom
• Urban Planning and Development for Tourism
• Uzbekistan
• V
• Vacation Days and Impact on Travel
• Vancouver, Canada
• Vanuatu
• Venezuela
• Vienna, Austria
• Vietnam
• Virtual Reality Tourism
• Visa Waiver Programs
• Visiting Family and Friends Tourism
• Visitor Management
• Volatility of Tourism
• Voluntourism
• W
• Walking Tours
• Warsaw, Poland
• Water Park Tourism
• Weather and Seasonal Pricing
• Wedding Tourism
• Wellness Tourism
• Wildlife Tourism
• Wine Tourism
• Wine Tourism, New World Wines, Australia/New Zealand
• Wine Tourism, New World Wines, China
• Wine Tourism, New World Wines, South Africa
• Wine Tourism, New World Wines, South America
• Wine Tourism, New World Wines, U.S.
• Wine Tourism, Old World Wines, Europe
• Wonders of the World, Old and New
• World Health Organization
• World Heritage Sites
• World Summit
• Worldmaking and the Representation of Peoples and Places in/Through Tourism
• Y
• Yemen
• Youth Hostels
• Z
• Zimbabwe