This book provides a broad overview of forensic and legal medicine, offering reputable, foundational content for researchers and students across the field of forensic and legal medicine that includes cross-referencing to related articles and case studies where further explanation is required.

Table of Contents

• Editors-in-Chief
• Dedication
• Introduction to the First Edition
• Preface to the First Edition
• Preface to the Second Edition
• Volume 1
• A
• Accreditation: Crime Scene Investigators
• Accreditation: Forensic Physicians
• Accreditation: Forensic Specialties
• Accreditation: Regulation of Forensic Science
• Accreditation: Toxicology Laboratories
• Age Estimation in the Living
• Age Estimation in the Living: Dental Age Estimation - Theory and Practice
• Age Estimation in the Living: Imaging and Age Estimation
• Age Estimation in the Living: Osteology and Age Estimation
• Alcohol: Acute and Chronic Use and Postmortem Findings
• Alcohol: Blood and Body Fluid Analysis
• Alcohol: Breath Analysis
• Allergies: Postmortem Findings
• Animal Attacks and Injuries: Anthropological Findings
• Animal Attacks and Injuries: Fatal
• Animal Attacks and Injuries: Nonfatal
• Anthropology: Ancestry Assessment
• Anthropology: Bone Pathology and Antemortem Trauma
• Anthropology: Cremated Bones - Anthropology
• Anthropology: Forensic Anthropology and Childhood
• Anthropology: Morphological Age Estimation
• Anthropology: Overview
• Anthropology: Role of DNA
• Anthropology: Sex Determination
• Anthropology: Stature Estimation from the Skeleton
• Anthropology: Taphonomy in the Forensic Context
• Anthropology: Use of Forensic Archeology and Anthropology in the Search and Recovery of Buried Evidence
• Asphyxia: Clinical Findings
• Asphyxia: Pathological Features
• Autopsy: Adult
• Autopsy: Infectious and Serious Communicable Diseases
• Autopsy: Medicolegal Considerations, Including Organ Retention and Handling
• Autopsy: Molecular
• Autopsy: Pediatric
• Autopsy: Procedures and Standards
• Autopsy Findings: Autopsy in Drug Use
• Autopsy Findings: Drowning and Submersion Deaths
• Autopsy Findings: Fire Deaths
• Autopsy Findings: Organic Toxins
• Autopsy Findings: Postmortem Drug Measurements, Interpretation of
• Autopsy Findings: Postmortem Drug Sampling and Redistribution
• Autopsy Findings: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome - Epidemiology and Etiology
• Autopsy Findings: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome - Pathological Findings and Autopsy Approach
• Aviation Accidents: Role of the Pathologist
• Aviation Medicine: Illness and Limitations for Flying
• B
• Backtracking Calculations for Alcohol and Drugs
• Ballistic Trauma: Overview and Statistics - Wound Ballistics
• Blood Grouping
• Body Cavity Searches: Practical Issues and Consent
• Body Recovery
• C
• Carbon Monoxide Exposure: Autopsy Findings
• Carbon Monoxide Exposure: Clinical Findings - Sequelae in Survivors
• Children: Emotional Abuse
• Children: Infant Death Investigation
• Children: Neglect
• Children: Noninflicted Causes of Childhood Death
• Children: Normal Anogenital Anatomy and Variants
• Children: Physical Abuse
• Children: Sexual Abuse - Epidemiology
• Children: Sexual Abuse - Overview
• Children: Stages of Growth and Development
• Children: Sudden Natural Infant and Childhood Death
• Clinical Trials: Legal Aspects and Consent
• Cold-Case Review: UK Experience
• Coma: Definitions and Differential Diagnoses - Adult
• Coma: Definitions and Differential Diagnoses - Pediatric
• Complaints against Doctors, Healthcare Workers, and Institutions
• Consent: Confidentiality and Disclosure
• Consent: Medical Examination in Custody
• Consent: Mental Capacity and Case Law
• Consent: Mental Capacity Assessment
• Consent: Treatment without Consent
• Courts and Tribunal Report Writing in England and Wales
• Court Systems: England and Wales - Law and Courts
• Court Systems: European Community Law
• Court Systems: India
• Court Systems: Japanese Law and Courts
• Court Systems: Jewish (Halacha) Law
• Court Systems: Legal Precedent and Case Law
• Court Systems: Sharii'ah Law and Courts
• Court Systems: United States of America - Law and Courts
• Crime Scene Investigation and Examination: Chain of Evidence
• Crime Scene Investigation and Examination: Death-Scene Investigation - United States of America
• Crime Scene Investigation and Examination: Major Incident Scene Management
• Crime Scene Investigation and Examination: Recovery of Human Remains
• Crime Scene Investigation and Examination: Suspicious Deaths
• Crime Scene Investigation and Examination: Underwater Crime Scenes
• Crime Scene Management Systems: Continental Europe
• Crime Scene Management Systems: United States of America
• Criminal Profiling
• Custody: In-Custody Deaths - United Kingdom and Continental Europe
• Custody: In-Custody Deaths - United States of America
• Volume 2
• D
• Death Investigation Systems: China
• Death Investigation Systems: Corporate Liability for Manslaughter
• Death Investigation Systems: Decomposition, Patterns, and Rates
• Death Investigation Systems: Fatal Accident Inquiry - Scotland
• Death Investigation Systems: India
• Death Investigation Systems: Japan
• Death Investigation Systems: Murder, Manslaughter, Homicide, and Attempts - Definitions
• Death Investigation Systems: Role of Coroner - England and Wales
• Death Investigation Systems: Scandinavia
• Death Investigation Systems: United States of America
• Death Penalty: Medical Involvement in the Administration of Capital Punishment in the United States
• Deaths: Autoerotic Deaths
• Deaths: Dowry Killings
• Deaths: Honor Killings
• Deaths: Iatrogenic Deaths - Pathology
• Deaths: Inherited Metabolic Disease and Sudden Unexpected Death - Pathology
• Deaths: Obesity - Pathology
• Deaths: Perioperative and Postoperative - Pathology
• Deaths: Placental and Maternal Conditions - Pathology
• Deaths: Pregnancy-Related Deaths - Pathology
• Deaths: Resuscitation Related Injuries - Pathology
• Deaths: Sports - Pathology
• Deaths: Trauma, Abdominal Cavity - Pathology
• Deaths: Trauma, Head and Spine - Pathology
• Deaths: Trauma, Musculoskeletal System - Pathology
• Deaths: Trauma, Thorax - Pathology
• Deaths: Trauma, Vascular System - Pathology
• Deliberate Self-Harm Patterns: Patterns of Injury
• Deliberate Self-Harm Patterns: Psychology
• Detention: Care in Police Custody - United Kingdom
• Detention: Care in Prison Custody - United Kingdom
• Detention: Fitness to be Interviewed
• Detention: Istanbul Protocol - Development, Practical Applications, and Future Directions
• Detention: Legal Aspects of Detention in Military Detention
• Detention: Legal Framework for the Care of Those in Detention and the Prohibition/Prevention of Torture, Cruel, Degrading or Inhuman Treatment
• Detention: Medicines Management in Custodial Settings
• Detention: Solitary Confinement
• Detention: Standards Required for Detention and Practical Aspects of Inspection of Prisoners
• Disaster Victim Management: DNA Identification
• Disaster Victim Management: Internationally Agreed Best Practices for Disaster Victim Identification
• Disaster Victim Management: Management of Disaster Victim Identification
• Disaster Victim Management: Role of Anthropologist
• Disaster Victim Management: Role of Forensic Odontology
• Disaster Victim Management: Role of Forensic Pathologists
• Disaster Victim Management: Setting up Emergency Mortuary Facility
• Disaster Victim Management: Underwater Management
• DNA: Basic Principles
• DNA: Ethics of Forensic Applications and Databanks
• DNA: Hair Analysis
• DNA: Heritable Channelopathies and Selected Cardiomyopathies - Postmortem Assessment
• DNA: Mitochondrial DNA
• DNA: Sampling and Contamination Risks
• DNA: Statistical Analysis
• Dogs; Use in Police Investigations
• Domestic Violence
• Domestic Violence: Elder Abuse
• Drug-Induced Injury; Accidental and Iatrogenic
• Drugs, Prescribed: Drug Licencing and Registration
• Drugs, Prescribed: Drug Product Liability
• Drugs, Prescribed: Hair Analysis - Substance Use
• Drugs, Prescribed: Testamentary Capacity - Assessment
• E
• Electric Shocks and Electrocution, Clinical Effects and Pathology
• Entomology
• Evidence, Rules of
• Excited Delirium
• Exhumation: Legal and Practical Aspects
• Expert Witness: Daubert and Beyond
• Expert Witness: Qualifications, Testimony, and Malpractice
• Expert Witness: Role and Duties
• Extremes of Temperature: Hyperthermia
• Extremes of Temperature: Hypothermia
• F
• Falls from Height; Physical Findings - Adult
• Falls from Height; Physical Findings - Pediatric
• Female Genital Mutilation
• Fire Investigation: Evidence Recovery
• Forensic Botany
• Forensic Journals: Bibliometrics and Journal Impact Factors
• Forensic Medicine, History of
• Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology: Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology: Criminal Responsibility
• Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology: Drug and Alcohol Addiction - Psychoactive Substances Addiction
• Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology: Ethics of Psychiatry
• Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology: Fitness (Competence) to Stand Trial
• Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology: Forensic Interviewing
• Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology: Forensic Psychiatric Assessment
• Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology: Forensic Psychiatry - Education, Training, and Certification
• Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology: Forensic Psychology - Education, Training, and Certification
• Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology: Malingering and Related Response Styles
• Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology: Mental Handicap and Learning Disability
• Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology: Multiple Personality Disorder
• Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology: Personality Disorder
• Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology: Psychological Autopsy
• Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology: Sex Offenders
• Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology: Stalking
• Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology: Suicide Predictors and Statistics
• Volume 3
• H
• Head Trauma: Neuropathology
• Head Trauma: Pediatric and Adult - Clinical Aspects
• Healing and Repair of Wounds and Bones
• Histopathology
• Human Rights; Controls and Principles
• I
• Identification: Facial Restoration
• Identification: Fingerprints a Key Identification Parameter - Detection, Identification, and Interpretation
• Identification: Prints - Ear
• Identification: Prints - Footprints
• Imaging: Forensic Photography
• Imaging: Neuroradiology and Abusive Head Trauma
• Imaging: Radiology - Noninvasive Autopsies
• Imaging: Radiology - Overview
• Imaging: Radiology, Pediatric, and Child Abuse - Skeletal Imaging
• Immunoassays; Forensic Applications
• Injuries and Deaths During Police Operations: Forensic Medical Investigation of Police Shootings
• Injuries and Deaths During Police Operations: Special Weapons and Training Teams
• Injury, Fatal and Nonfatal: Blunt Force Injury
• Injury, Fatal and Nonfatal: Burns and Scalds
• Injury, Fatal and Nonfatal: Explosive Injuries
• Injury, Fatal and Nonfatal: Firearm Injuries
• Injury, Fatal and Nonfatal: Injury Documentation
• Injury, Fatal and Nonfatal: Legal Classifications
• Injury, Fatal and Nonfatal: Sharp and Cutting-Edge Wounds
• Injury, Recreational: Airborne Sports Injury
• Injury, Recreational: Water Sports Injury
• Injury, Transportation: Air Disaster Injury
• Injury, Transportation: Motor Vehicle Injury
• J
• Judicial Punishment
• M
• Mass Murder
• Mass Poisonings
• Medical Definitions of Death
• Medical Ethics: Abortion
• Medical Ethics: Advance Directives (‘Living Will’)
• Medical Ethics: Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide
• Medical Ethics: Principles of Medical Ethics
• Medical Ethics: Role of Ethics and Research Committees
• Medical Ethics: Serious Reportable Communicable Diseases
• Medical Ethics: Withholding or Withdrawing Life-Sustaining Treatment
• Medical Malpractice - Medicolegal Perspectives: Negligence, Causation
• Medical Malpractice - Medicolegal Perspectives: Negligence, Duty of Care
• Medical Malpractice - Medicolegal Perspectives: Negligence, Quantum
• Medical Malpractice - Medicolegal Perspectives: Negligence, Standard of Care
• Medical Malpractice: Anesthesiology
• Medical Malpractice: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• Medical Malpractice: Clinical Forensic Medicine
• Medical Malpractice: Clinical Governance
• Medical Malpractice: Colorectal Surgery
• Medical Malpractice: Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery
• Medical Malpractice: Emergency Medicine
• Medical Malpractice: Facio-Maxillary Surgery
• Medical Malpractice: Fitness to Practice Procedures - Healthcare
• Medical Malpractice: General Practice
• Medical Malpractice: Health Service Fraud Investigation
• Medical Malpractice: Intensive Care
• Medical Malpractice: Laparoscopic Surgery
• Medical Malpractice: Neonatology
• Medical Malpractice: Neurosurgery
• Medical Malpractice: Nursing Issues
• Medical Malpractice: Oncology
• Medical Malpractice: Oral Surgery
• Medical Malpractice: Orthopedics
• Medical Malpractice: Overview
• Medical Malpractice: Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery
• Medical Malpractice: Psychiatry
• Medical Malpractice: Psychology
• Medical Malpractice: Radiotherapy
• Medical Malpractice: Rheumatology
• Medical Malpractice: Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery
• Medical Malpractice: Vascular Surgery
• Medical Misadventure
• Medical Records, Access to
• Medical Records: Documentation, Confidentiality, and Obligations
• Mental Health: Crime and Mental Health
• Mental Health: Detention of Mentally Incapacitated Adults
• Mental Health: Detention under Mental Health Act - England and Wales
• Mental Health: Suicide in the Criminal Justice System - Prevalence, Risk Factors, Prediction, and Prevention
• Mental Health: Treatment without Consent
• Mortality: Role of Mortality Committees
• Mortality: Statistics
• Murder-Suicide (Dyadic Death)
• N
• Necrophilia
• Neonaticide
• O
• Occupational Health: Autopsy - Occupational Health and Safety
• Occupational Health: Police and Occupational Health
• Odontology: Bite Mark Analysis
• Odontology: Overview
• Organ and Tissue Transplantation: Ethical and Practical Issues
• P
• Parentage Testing and Kinship Analysis
• Pattern Evidence
• Pharmacology of Legal and Illicit Drugs
• Piercings: Body Piercings
• Volume 4
• P
• Poisoning: Overview and Statistics
• Postmortem Changes: Overview
• Postmortem Changes: Postmortem Electrolyte Disturbances
• Preparation of Witnesses: Witness Preparation - Scotland
• Preparation of Witnesses: Witness Preparation - United States of America
• Professional Bodies: Arab World
• Professional Bodies: France - Forensic, Medical and Scientific Training
• Professional Bodies: India
• Professional Bodies: Rest of the World
• R
• Recovered Memory
• Refugee Medicine
• Religious Attitudes to Death
• Religious Attitudes to Death: Religious Exception Defense
• Restraint Techniques, Injuries, and Death: Baton
• Restraint Techniques, Injuries, and Death: Conducted Energy Devices
• Restraint Techniques, Injuries, and Death: Handcuffs
• Restraint Techniques, Injuries, and Death: Impact Rounds
• Restraint Techniques, Injuries, and Death: Irritant (Incapacitant) Sprays
• Restraint Techniques, Injuries, and Death: Use of Force Techniques
• Ritualistic Crime
• Road Traffic Accidents: Air Bag-Related Injuries and Deaths
• Road Traffic: Determination of Fitness to Drive - Driving Offense
• Road Traffic: Determination of Fitness to Drive - General
• Road Traffic: Determination of Fitness to Drive - Sobriety Tests and Drug Recognition
• Road Traffic: Global Overview of Drug and Alcohol Statistics
• S
• Serial Murder
• Serology: Blood Identification
• Serology: Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
• Serology: Overview
• Sexual Offenses, Adult: Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault
• Sexual Offenses, Adult: Human Normal Sexual Response
• Sexual Offenses, Adult: Injuries and Findings after Sexual Contact
• Sexual Offenses, Adult: Normal Anogenital Anatomy and Variants
• Sexual Offenses, Adult: Psychological Sequelae of Rape
• Sexual Offenses, Adult: Sexual Assault - Evidential Sample Collection
• Sexual Offenses, Adult: Sexual Assault - Management Post-Assault
• Sexual Offenses, Adult: Sexual Assault - Persistence of Biological Samples
• Sexual Offenses, Adult: Sexual Offence - Global Crime Figures and Statistics
• Starvation
• Substance Misuse: Alternative Body Fluids Analysis
• Substance Misuse: Cocaine and Other Stimulants
• Substance Misuse: Hair Analysis
• Substance Misuse: Herbal Medicine
• Substance Misuse: Heroin
• Substance Misuse: Legal Highs
• Substance Misuse: Medical Effects
• Substance Misuse: Methods of Administration
• Substance Misuse: Miscellaneous Drugs
• Substance Misuse: Sedatives
• Substance Misuse: Substance Abuse - Patterns and Statistics
• Substance Misuse: Substance Misuse and Crime
• Substance Misuse: Substitution Drugs
• Substance Misuse: Urine Analysis
• Sudden Natural Death: Cardiovascular
• Sudden Natural Death: Central Nervous System and Miscellaneous Causes
• Sudden Natural Death: Infectious Diseases
• Suicide: Etiology, Methods, and Statistics
• Suicide: Self-Harm
• Suicide: Youth Suicide
• T
• Tactical Medicine
• Tattoos: Medicolegal Significance - Forensic Issues
• Terrorism: Nuclear and Biological Terrorism
• Terrorism: Suicide Bombing - Investigation
• Terrorism: Terrorism - Medicolegal Aspects
• Torture, History of
• Torture: Child Torture
• Torture: Physical Findings
• Torture: Psychological Assessment
• Toxicology, History of
• Toxicology: Methods of Analysis, Antemortem
• Toxicology: Methods of Analysis, Postmortem
• Toxicology: Overview
• V
• Venom
• Veterinary Aspects of Forensic Medicine: Wild Animals - Wildlife Forensic Pathology
• Victim Support
• W
• War Crimes: International Criminal Court
• War Crimes: Pathological Investigation
• War Crimes: Site Investigation
• War Crimes: War Crime Law and Tribunals
• War Injuries
• Authors