The Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering provides for the first time a large, unified knowledge base laying the foundation for advanced study and in-depth research. Through extensive cross-referencing and search functionality it provides a gateway to detailed but scattered information on best industry practice, engendering a better understanding of interrelated concepts and techniques that cut across specialized areas of engineering.

Table of Contents

• Foreword
• Preface
• VOLUME 1
• Part 1 Engines-Fundamentals
• Basic Principles
• 1 Operating Principles - Michael Bargende, Dietmar Schmidt, Hans-Jürgen Berner, Michael Grill
• 2 Thermodynamic Analysis - Jeffrey D. Naber, Jaclyn E. Johnson, Charles H. Margraves
• Combustion Phenomena
• 3 Fundamental Chemical Kinetics - Charles K. Westbrook, William J. Pitz
• 4 Fundamental Combustion Modes - Ronald D. Matthews
• 5 Solving Combustion Chemistry in Engine Simulations - Norbert Peters, Heinz Pitsch
• 6 NOx Formation and Models - Craig T. Bowman
• 7 UHC and CO Formation and Models - Miroslaw L. Wyszynski
• 8 Particle Formation and Models - David Kittelson, Markus Kraft
• Charge Gas and Fuel Flows
• 9 Gas Exchange—Breathing and Air Management - Francisco Payri, José M. Desantes, José M. Luján, José Galindo, José R. Serrano
• 10 Fuel Introduction - Rolf D. Reitz, Lyle M. Pickett, Mario Trujillo
• 11 In-Cylinder Flow - Jacques Borée, Paul C. Miles
• Combustion Systems
• 12 Spark Ignition Combustion - Ulrich Spicher
• 13 Diesel and Diesel LTC Combustion - Öivind Andersson, Paul C. Miles
• 14 Advanced Compression-Ignition Combustion for High Efficiency and Ultra-Low NOX and Soot - John E. Dec
• Combustion Analysis and Predictive Modeling
• 15 Pressure and Heat Release Analysis - Jaal B. Ghandhi
• 16 Zero- and One-Dimensional Methodologies and Tools - Jerald A. Caton
• 17 Multidimensional Simulation - Rolf D. Reitz, Christopher J. Rutland
• Fuels
• 18 Fuels for Engines and the Impact of Fuel Composition on Engine Performance - Charles J. Mueller, William J. Cannella, Gautam T. Kalghatgi
• External Energy Management
• 19 Intake Boosting - Nick Baines
• 20 Exhaust Gas Energy Recovery - Robert M. Wagner, Thomas E. Briggs, Jim P. Szybist
• 21 Engine Thermal Management - Zoran Filipi, Dohoy Jung, Mark Hoffman
• 22 Lubrication and Friction - Victor W. Wong
• Exhaust Emission Control Systems
• 23 Gas Aftertreatment Systems - James E. Parks II
• 24 Solid/Condensed Phase Aftertreatment Systems - George G. Muntean, Mark L. Stewart, Maruthi N. Devarakonda
• Experimental Facilities and Measurements
• 25 Engine Performance - Anthony J. Martyr, Eur Ing David R. Rogers
• 26 Exhaust Emissions - M. Matti Maricq
• 27 Fundamentals - Mark P.B. Musculus, Lyle M. Pickett, Sebastian A. Kaiser
• Trends in Automotive Engines
• 28 Trends—Spark Ignition - Stefan Pischinger, Martin Nijs, Philipp Adomeit, Dieter Seebach, Bastian Lehrheuer, Thomas Dünschede, Adrien Brassat, Karsten Wittek, Tolga Uhlmann, Gregor Schürmann, Björn Höpke, Moritz Bähr, Joao Serpa, Axel Kuhlmann
• 29 Trends—Compression Ignition - Zissis Samaras, Ilias Vouitsis, Savas Geivanidis
• VOLUME 2
• Part 2 Engines-Design
• Overview
• 30 Automotive Diesel Engine Development Trends - Dean Tomazic Thomas Koerfer, Stefan Pischinger
• Engine Architecture
• 31 Critical Engine Layout Dimensions - Charles H. Jenckes,
• Base Engine Development
• 32 Cranktrain Development - Ian P. Gilbert
• 33 Cooling Systems - Stephen F. Bowyer, Haralabos Triantafyllidis, Mark E. Case
• 34 Lubrication Systems - Charles H. Jenckes
• 35 Pistons - Sanjeet Kanungo
• 36 The Valve Train in Four-Stroke Piston Engines - R. Bruce Dennert, Kevin L. Hoag
• 37 Material and Process Selection—Cylinder Blocks and Heads - Marc C. Megel, George E. Bailey
• 38 Block and Head Analysis - Marc C. Megel
• 39 Gaskets and Sealing - Lucian M. Silvian
• Supporting System Development
• 40 NVH Considerations in Engine Development - Thomas E. Reinhart
• 41 Turbocharging - Syed Shahed
• 42 Supercharging - Scot Streeter, Matt Swartzlander
• 43 Diesel Fuel Injection Systems - Harsha Nanjundaswamy, Hermann J. Laumen
• Emission Control System Development
• 44 Emission Control Systems—Oxides of Nitrogen - Soonho Song
• 45 Stoichiometric Exhaust Emission Control - Joseph E. Kubsh
• 46 Exhaust Emission Control Considerations for Diesel Engines - Timothy V. Johnson
• 47 Engine Management Systems - John Lahti
• Vehicle Considerations
• 48 Engine/Transmission Matching - Gabriele Virzi' Mariotti
• 49 Drive Cycles - Mark E. Case, Dean Tomazic
• 50 Fuel Economy Optimization - Stephen F. Bowyer, Dean Tomazic, Gary W. Rogers
• Part 3 Hybrid and Electric Powertrains
• Overview
• 51 Overview of Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles - C.C. Chan
• Electric Vehicle Powertrain
• 52 EV Powertrain Configurations - K.T. Chau
• 53 EV Powertrain Parameters - K.T. Chau
• 54 EV Auxiliaries - Gang Jin, Yuefeng Liao
• Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain
• 55 Basic Consideration - Yuk Sum Wong, C.C. Chan
• 56 Micro, Mild, and Full Hybrids - Thomas Pels, Carsten Kaup
• 57 Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles (SHEVs) - Joeri Van Mierlo, Omar Hegazy
• 58 Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles (Parallel HEVs) - Joeri Van Mierlo, Omar Hegazy
• 59 Series–Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles - Joeri Van Mierlo, Omar Hegazy, Jelle Smekens, Cedric De Cauwer
• 60 Range Extender EV - Frank Beste, Günter Fraidl, Vincent Benda, Martin Atzwanger
• 61 All-Wheel Drive Hybrid System - Eiji Sato
• 62 EVT and E-CVT for Full Hybrid Electric Vehicles - Yuan Cheng, Ming Cheng
• Energy Sources: Batteries
• 63 Power and Energy Requirements for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles - Andrew F. Burke
• 64 Rechargeable Battery Basics - Andrew F. Burke
• 65 Advanced Batteries for Vehicle Applications - Andrew F. Burke
• 66 Batteries Indication and Management - Bernhard Kortschak
• 67 Battery Safety for Lithium Batteries in Vehicle Applications - Andrew F. Burke
• 68 Fuel Cell Powered Vehicles - Hengbing Zhao, Andrew F. Burke
• 69 Ultracapacitors in Hybrid and Plug-In Electric Vehicles - Andrew F. Burke
• VOLUME 3
• Part 3 Hybrid and Electric Powertrains (continued)
• Traction Motor Drives
• 70 General Requirement of Traction Motor Drives - Ming Cheng, C.C. Chan
• 71 DC Motor Drives - Wei Hua
• 72 Induction Motor Drives - Ming Cheng, Zheng Wang, Yuk Sum Wong
• 73 Permanent Magnet Machines for Traction Applications - Z.Q. Zhu
• Powertrain Control and Energy Management Systems
• 74 Regenerative Braking Systems - Akira Sakai, Tetsuya Miyazaki, Takahiro Okano, Kazunori Nimura, Daisuke Nakata
• 75 Energy Management System of EVs - Masayuki Komatsu
• 76 Energy Management System of HEVs - Shinichi Abe
• 77 Battery Charging Standards - Peter Van den Bossche
• 78 Communication of Electric Vehicles - Christian Rehtanz, Willi Horenkamp, Johannes Rolink
• 79 Voltage Control and Frequency Control - Christian Rehtanz, Johannes Rolink, Willi Horenkamp
• 80 Impact of Electric Vehicles on Low Voltage Supply Systems - Christian Rehtanz, Johannes Rolink, Willi Horenkamp
• Part 4 Transmission and Driveline
• Introduction
• 81 Transmission and Driveline: Introduction - Nicholas Vaughan
• Gear and Components
• 82 Transmission Gear Design - David M. Zini, Stephen R. McKenny
• 83 Bearings and Bearing Design for Transmissions - Reinhart Malik, Ernst Masur, Andreas Schick
• 84 Mechanics of Contacting Surfaces - Homer Rahnejat, Patricia M. Johns-Rahnejat
• 85 Tribological Optimization in the Powertrain - Robert Plank, Tim Hosenfeldt, Richard Karbacher, Yashar Musayev, Edgar Schulz, Joerg Weber
• 86 Synchronizers—Gear Change Process, Loads, Timing, Shift Effort, Thermal Loads, Materials and Tolerances - Syed T. Razzacki
• 87 Dry Clutch - Marko Tirović
• 88 Clutch Wet - Yuji Fujii, Nimrod Kapas, Jau-Wen Tseng
• 89 Automotive Torque Converters - Donald Maddock
• Gearbox Design
• 90 Manual Transmissions - Rolf Krüttgen, Christian Kunze, Wolfgang Geis-Drescher, Arnold Paluch
• 91 Automatic Transmissions—Gear Train Combinations, Components, Design Considerations, Hydraulic System, Packaging, Manufacturing, Assembly - Takashi Shibayama
• 92 The Variable Pulley CVT - J.G.L.M. van Spijk, A. Englisch
• 93 Traction Drive CVT - Hirohisa Tanaka
• 94 Split-Path Transmissions - Nicholas Vaughan
• Driveline Components
• 95 Dual Mass Flywheel - Jürgen Kroll, Ad Kooy
• 96 Propshafts (Driveshafts) - Michael J. Miller
• 97 Coupling Connections and Splines - Steven Hahn
• 98 Articulated Joints and Couplings—Cardan and CV Joints - Wolfgang Hildebrandt
• 99 Axle Systems - Joseph Palazzolo
• 100 Open Differentials - Joseph Palazzolo
• 101 Passive and Active Limited Slip Differentials - Joseph Palazzolo
• 102 Torque Transfer with AWD Systems - John A. Barlage, Todd L. Perttola, Larry Pritchard, Tom Foster
• 103 Drivetrain Noise, Vibration, and Harshness - Homer Rahnejat, S. Theodossiades, P. Kelly, M.T. Menday
• Control Systems
• 104 Clutch Actuation - Joško Deur, Vladimir Ivanović
• 105 Launch Control - Andrew P. Harrison
• 106 Control Systems and Strategies for Automated Manual and Double Clutch Transmissions - Bruno Müller, Götz Rathke, Michael Reuschel, Uwe Wagner, Stefan Winkelmann, Marco Grethel, Jürgen Gerhart
• 107 AT Control—Actuation Methods and System Integration, Gear Choice, Gear Shift Strategy and Process, Adaptive Features - Takashi Shibayama
• 108 CVT Control—System Integration, Ratio Choice, Shift Strategy and Dynamics, Adaptive Features, Engine Calibration, Electric Motor Assist - Takashi Shibayama
• VOLUME 4
• Part 5 Chassis Systems
• Suspension
• 109 Possibilities of Coil Springs and Fiber-Reinforced Suspension Parts - Joerg Neubrand
• 110 Air Suspension Systems—What Advanced Applications May Be Possible? - Friedrich Wolf-Monheim
• 111 The Harshness of Air Springs in Passenger Cars - Andreas Kind, Andreas Rohde
• 112 Air Supply for Advanced Applications - Hans O. Becher
• 113 Technology of Active Shock Absorbers and Benefits in Regards of Ride and Handling - Heinrich Schürr, Thomas Kutsche, Christian Maurischat
• 114 Suspension Arms, Steel versus Aluminum, Where are the Benefits? - Dirk Adamczyk, Markus Fischer, Klaus Schüller
• 115 Performance Target Conflicts in Normal Tires and Ultrahigh Performance Tires - Reinhard Mundl, Burkhard Wies
• 116 Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems - Victor Underberg, Thomas Roscher, Frank Jenne, Predrag Pucar, Jörg Sturmhoebel
• Braking Systems
• 117 Brake Systems, an Overview - Christoph Drexler, Ralf Leiter
• 118 Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Silicon Carbide: A New Brake Disk Material - Andreas Kienzle, Hubert Jäger
• 119 The Development of Alternative Brake Systems - Bernd D.M. Gombert, Martin Schautt, Richard P. Roberts
• 120 The Cooperation of Regenerative Braking and Friction Braking in Fuel Cell, Hybrid, and Electric Vehicles - Zhuoping Yu, Lu Xiong
• Axles
• 121 Designing Twist-Beam Axles - Veit Held, Rüdiger Hiemenz
• 122 ULSAS—Suspension, A Comparison of Rear Suspension Design - Henning Wallentowitz
• 123 Lightweight Front Suspensions: A Comparison - Ming-Yen Chang
• Steering Systems
• 124 Active Front Steering for Passenger Cars - Matthias Wiedmann
• 125 New Electrical Power Steering Systems - Mathias Würges
• 126 Steer-by-Wire, Potential, and Challenges - Lutz Eckstein, Lars Hesse, Michael Klein
• Handling
• 127 The Potential for Handling Improvements by Global Chassis Control - Thomas Raste, Peter E. Rieth
• 128 Customer-Oriented Evaluation of Vehicle Handling Characteristics - Adrian Mihailescu, Stephan Poltersdorf, Lutz Eckstein
• 129 Automated Driving - Adrian Zlocki
• Chassis Control Systems
• 130 Global Chassis Control in Passenger Cars - Hideo Inoue, Takashi Yonekawa, Masayuki Soga, Kenji Nishikawa, Eiichi Ono, Makoto Yamakado
• 131 Chassis Control Systems - Gerhard Klapper, Ralf Leiter
• 132 Torque Vectoring for Drivetrain Systems - Claus Granzow, Matthias Arzner
• Modeling and Simulation
• 133 Chassis Modeling and Optimization by the Advanced Method ABE - Ingo Albers
• 134 System Simulation in DSHplus, What Applications are Possible? - Christian von Grabe, Olivier Reinertz, René von Dombrowski, Hubertus Murrenhoff
• 135 Comparison of the Modeling Techniques for Chassis Applications. An Advice for the User - Frank Heßeler, Alexander Katriniok, Matthias Reiter, Jan Maschuw, Dirk Abel
• Part 6 Electrical and Electronic Systems
• Background
• 136 Historical Overview of Electronics and Automobiles: Breakthroughs and Innovation by Electronics and Electrical Technology - Mitsuharu Kato
• 137 ECU Technologies from Components to ECU Configuration - Yukihide Niimi
• 138 Diversification of Electronics and Electrical Systems and the Technologies for Integrated Systems - Yukihide Niimi
• ECU General
• 139 Microcomputers and Related Technologies: Enlargement of Software Size, Algorithms, Architectures, Hierarchy Design, Functional Decomposition, and Standardization - Hideaki Ishihara
• 140 Junction Blocks Simplify and Decrease Networks When Matched to ECU and Wire Harness - Takezo Sugimura, Kaoru Sugimoto, Mamichi Tsuyuki
• 141 ECU Design and Reliability - Joji Yoshimi
• 142 Manufacturing: An Introduction to Production Technology, Quality Assurance, and SCM - Naoki Ueda
• VOLUME 5
• Part 6 Electrical and Electronic Systems (continued)
• Discrete Engineering to Configure the ECU and Components
• 143 In-Vehicle Network - Susumu Akiyama
• 144 Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation - Susanne Köhl, Markus Plöger
• 145 The Wire Harness - Takafumi Kawauchi, Masaharu Onda, Kenji Matsuo, Yukihiro Kawamura, Yoshihiro Shiotani, Nobuaki Sakai
• 146 Batteries - Jun Furukawa
• 147 Generators and Charging Control - Tadatoshi Asada
• 148 Starter - Suehiro Endo, Susumu Tajima
• 149 Application of Radio Wave Technologies to Vehicles - Hiromichi Naito
• 150 Application of Image Recognition Technology to Vehicles - Yukimasa Tamatsu, Naoki Nitanda
• 151 Vehicle Safety, Functional Safety, OBD Diagnosis - Stefan Kriso, Matthias Klauda, Reinhold Hamann
• 152 Interfaces between Sensors and ECUs - Hiroaki Hoshika, Shinya Igarashi
• 153 Various Types of Sensors - Shinya Igarashi, Junji Onozuka, Hiroaki Hoshika, Masahide Hayashi
• 154 Ceramic Sensors for Power Train ECU Systems - Akira Fujii, Takehiro Watarai, Akitoshi Mizutani
• 155 Semiconductor Sensor (1): Sensors for Power Trains - Keiji Hanzawa, Kenji Nakabayashi, Akio Yasukawa, Shinya Igarashi, Hiroaki Hoshika
• 156 Semiconductor Sensors (2): Sensors for Safety Systems - Shoji Kanda
• 157 Semiconductor Sensors (3): Optical Sensors - Shoji Kanda
• 158 Various Kinds of Actuators and Signal Interfaces - Shinichi Naito
• Applications
• 159 Engine ECU Systems - Yukihide Niimi
• 160 Hybrid Systems and High Voltage Components - Masami Morikawa
• 161 Chassis ECU (Vehicle Dynamics, ABS) - Yasuhiro Abe, Toshihisa Kato, Shinya Takemoto, Takahiro Okano
• 162 Chassis ECU (Steering) - Yutaka Mori, Mitsuhiko Nishimoto
• 163 Chassis ECU (ACC and Sensor) - Takayuki Nagai, Masayuki Furuhashi
• 164 Body ECU Cluster - Isamu Sakurai
• 165 Body ECU (Airbag) - Takashi Noguchi
• 166 Body and Lighting ECU (Key-Less Entry, Sonar, HID, LED Usage for Lamps) - Masafumi Yamaura
• 167 Air Conditioning Electronic Control Systems - Hideo Wakata
• 168 Car Navigation - Shouji Yokoyama
• 169 Telecommunications - Hiroaki Kuraoka
• 170 Active Safety, Pre-Collision Safety, and Other Safety Products (Millimeter-Wave Radar, Image Recognition Sensors) - Yoshihiko Teguri
• Part 7 Body Design
• Structural Design
• 171 Body Design, Overview, Targeting a Good Balance between All Vehicle Functionalities - Gerhard F.K. Tecklenburg
• 172 Innovative Structural Design - Martin Danzl, Bernd Mlekusch, Klaus Koglin, Franz-Michael Hagemann
• 173 The Fascination of Car Body Manufacture: Requirements for Car Body Manufacture from Viewpoint of Production - Andreas Kropf
• Aesthetics, Styling
• 174 Styling of Cars, from Sketch to Realization, Main Trends and Milestones - David R. Brisbourne, Brian A. Clough
• Aerodynamics
• 175 Fundamentals, Basic Principles in Road Vehicle Aerodynamics and Design - Simone Sebben, Tim Walker, Christoffer Landström
• NVH Refinement
• 176 Exterior Vehicle Noise Development: Assessment and Control - Ismael Fernández, Juan J. García-Bonito, Javier Iturbe
• 177 Vehicle Vibration and Harshness - Juan J. García-Bonito, Ismael Fernández
• Ergonomics, Human Factors
• 178 Ergonomics for Passenger Cars - Clemens Marek, Karl Siebertz
• 179 Human Machine Interface Design in Modern Vehicles - Stefan Becker, Parrish Hanna, Verena Wagner
• Cabin Design
• 180 Vehicle Seat Design, Development, and Manufacturing - Andreas Spormann
• Crashworthiness
• 181 Physics of Car Crashes: Design Concepts for Safer Cars - David C. Viano, Priya Prasad
• 182 Reparability and Insurance Ratings in the Development of Cars - Frank Leimbach, Helge Kiebach
• Occupant Safety, Restraints Systems
• 183 Adaptive Restraint Systems: Toward Integral Safety - Klaus Kompass, Christian Gruber, Christian Domsch, Manfred Schweigert, Ronald Kates
• Pedestrian Protection
• 184 Pedestrian Protection Overview - Carlos Arregui-Dalmases, Rikard Fredriksson, Jason R. Kerrigan, Joan Velazquez-Ameijide, David Sanchez-Molina
• VOLUME 6
• Part 8 Materials and Manufacturing
• Steels and Cast Iron
• 185 Steel Processing: Formability of Steel Sheets and Tailor-Welded Blanks for Automotive Applications - Kaushik Bandyopadhyay, Sushanta K. Panda
• Magnesium
• 186 Automotive Applications for Magnesium - Roger Grimes, Vit Janik
• Titanium and Nickel
• 187 Automotive Applications for Titanium - Martin Jackson
• Polymers
• 188 Processing of Polymers - Axel Kauffmann, Maik Ziegler
• 189 Elastomeric Components for Noise and Vibration Isolation and Control in the Automotive Industry - Xiao-Ang Liu, Wen-Bin Shangguan
• 190 Plastic Trim - Kylash Makenji, Ruth Cherrington
• Composites and Hybrids
• 191 Sandwich Materials - Heinz Palkowski, Olga A. Sokolova, Adele Carradò
• 192 Metal Matrix Composites: Automotive Applications - Krishnan K. Chawla, Nikhilesh Chawla
• Ceramics and Glasses
• 193 Automotive Glazing - Kerry Kirwan
• Sustainable Materials
• 194 Recycling of Polymers and Composites - Bassam J. Jody, Edward J. Daniels, Jeffrey S. Spangenberger
• 195 Biopolymers and Biocomposites - Stuart R. Coles, James Meredith
• 196 Automotive Environmental Life Cycle Assessment - Lynette W. Cheah
• Part 9 Intelligent Transport Systems
• Intelligent Transport Systems
• 197 Intelligent Transport Systems: Overview and Structure (History, Applications, and Architectures) - John C. Miles
• 198 Intelligent Transport Systems: Markets and Policies - Steven E. Shladover
• 199 Evolution and Future Trends - André J. Vits
• Technologies—Communication
• 200 Cellular Mobile Networks - Friedhelm Ramme, Gero Fiege, René Rembarz
• 201 Technologies—Communication: Wireless LAN-Based Vehicular Communication - Andreas Festag, Hannes Hartenstein, Jens Mittag
• Technologies—Positioning
• 202 Technologies—Positioning GNSS - Klaus P. Jaschke
• 203 Tracking and Navigation for Goods and People - Moritz Kessel, Martin Werner, Florian Gschwandtner, Claudia Linnhoff-Popien
• Technologies—Data Acquisition
• 204 In-Vehicle Sensors - Frank Niewels, Steffen Knoop, Rüdiger Jordan, Thomas Michalke
• 205 Data Acquisition by Roadside Detection - Christoph Roth
• 206 Data Fusion - Axel LeonhardtÁlvaro Catalá-Prat
• Applications—Intelligent Vehicles
• 207 Applications—Intelligent Vehicles: Driver Information - Bernd Rech, Stephan Glaser, Christian Wewetzer
• 208 Driver Assistance - Dirk Wisselmann, Werner Huber
• Applications—Intelligent Roads and Cooperative Systems
• 209 Urban Traffic Management - Martin Fellendorf
• 210 Advanced Highway Management Systems - Gerhard Listl, Jon Obenberger
• 211 Road Traffic and Travel Information - Fritz Bolte
• Applications—Further Applications
• 212 Logistics and Fleet Management - Oliver Kunze
• 213 Tolling, Mobility Pricing - Martial Chevreuil
• 214 Applications: Emergency Services and eCall - Frank Försterling
• Further Aspects
• 215 Quality Management in ITS - Matthias Spangler
• 216 IT Security for Communicating Automotive Systems - Florian Friederici, Rafael Grote, Ilja Radusch
• 217 Driver Distraction - Klaus Bengler