With crucial insights and indispensable information concerning modern-day political upheavals, Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements provides a representative cross section of the most significant revolutions of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.

Table of Contents

• PREFACE
• ACRONYMS
• Introduction
• Chapter 1 - Social Movements and Revolutions
• REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS: CRITICAL FACTORS
• REVOLUTIONS THAT FAILED
• THEORIES OF REVOLUTION
• ARE REVOLUTIONS DEVELOPING OR OCCURRING NOW?
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 2 - The Russian Revolutions and Eastern Europe
• GEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION
• THE SETTING FOR REVOLUTION
• THE RUSSIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY
• THE ATTEMPTED REVOLUTION OF 1905
• THE REVOLUTIONS OF 1917
• ASSESSING THE BOLSHEVIK SEIZURE OF POWER
• THE CIVIL WAR
• LEADERSHIP STRUGGLE
• THE SOVIET UNION UNDER STALIN
• THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION: LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES
• THE SOVIET UNION AND REVOLUTION IN EASTERN EUROPE
• THE SOLIDARITY MOVEMENT AND THE ROOTS OF CONFLICT IN POST-COMMUNIST PARTY STATES
• THE DISINTEGRATION OF THE SOVIET UNION
• ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL TRENDS
• CORRUPTION
• HEALTH AND RELATED ISSUES
• THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA AND THE TRAGEDY OF BOSNIA
• COLOR REVOLUTIONS
• CONFLICT BETWEEN GEORGIA AND RUSSIA IN 2008
• SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS
• Chapter 3 - Revolution in China
• GEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION
• SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL SETTINGS FOR REVOLUTION
• THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLICAN MOVEMENT
• CIVIL WAR IN CHINA
• THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: 1949-1990
• THE GREAT PROLETARIAN CULTURAL REVOLUTION: 1966-1968
• POST-1978 REFORMS
• THE 1989 PRODEMOCRACY DEMONSTRATIONS
• CHINA'S ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL SYSTEMS IN THE 1990S
• CHINA'S ECONOMIC SUCCESS RELATIVE TO THE FORMER USSR
• MORALITY AND THE FUTURE OF THE CHINESE REVOLUTION
• CHINA'S PROGRESS, PROBLEMS, POLICIES, AND PLANS FOR THE FUTURE
• SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS
• Chapter 4 - The Vietnamese Revolution
• GEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION
• EARLY CULTURAL AND POLITICAL CHARACTERISTICS
• FRENCH CONQUEST
• THE FRENCH IMPACT ON VIETNAM
• RESISTANCE TO FRENCH RULE
• THE IMPACT OF WORLD WAR II
• INSURRECTION
• THE FRENCH INDOCHINA WAR: 1946-1954
• THE 1954 GENEVA ACCORDS ON INDOCHINA
• U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN VIETNAM: 1954-1975
• AFTERMATH AND RELATED DEVELOPMENTS
• SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS
• Chapter 5 - The Cuban Revolution
• GEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION
• PREREVOLUTIONARY POLITICAL HISTORY
• ECONOMY AND SOCIAL CLASSES
• REVOLUTION
• REVOLUTIONARY CUBA
• U.S. REACTIONS TO THE REVOLUTION
• CUBA AND REVOLUTION IN OTHER COUNTRIES
• CUBA AND VENEZUELA'S BOLIVARIAN REVOLUTION AND THE DEMOCRATIC SHIFT TO THE LEFT …
• CUBAN ECONOMY AND POLITICAL SYSTEM
• SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS
• Chapter 6 - Revolution in Nicaragua
• GEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION
• NICARAGUA BEFORE THE REVOLUTION
• THE REVOLUTION
• POSTREVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT, CHANGES, AND CONFLICTS
• U.S. AND WORLD REACTIONS TO THE REVOLUTION
• 1989 PEACE AGREEMENT AND 1990 ELECTION
• NICARAGUA IN THE 1990S
• WHY WERE REPUBLICAN ADMINISTRATIONS SO HOSTILE?
• NICARAGUA AFTER THE VIOLETA CHAMORRO PRESIDENCY
• DANIEL ORTEGA AND THE FSLN REGAIN THE PRESIDENCY
• SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS
• Chapter 7 - The Iranian Revolution and Islamic Fundamentalism
• GEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION
• NATIONAL CULTURE
• THE QAJAR DYNASTY AND FOREIGN INFLUENCE
• THE PAHLAVI DYNASTY
• THE SETTING FOR REVOLUTION
• THE REVOLUTIONARY PROCESS
• REVOLUTIONARY IRAN
• IRAN AFTER KHOMEINI
• IRAN AND THE 1991 GULF WAR
• IRAN AND ISLAMIC REVOLUTION ELSEWHERE
• IRAN, AFGHANISTAN, THE WAR ON TERROR, AND THE U.S.-LED INVASION AND OCCUPATION …
• DEVELOPMENTS AFTER THE ELECTION OF OBAMA
• SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS
• Chapter 8 - Islamic Revolutionary Movements
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM
• FUNDAMENTALISM, MILLENARIANISM, AND REVOLUTIONARY POTENTIAL IN SHIA ISLAM
• CONTEMPORARY REVOLUTIONARY FUNDAMENTALISM IN SUNNA ISLAM: HAMAS, AL QAEDA, TALIBAN
• THE WAR IN IRAQ
• HEZBOLLAH AND THE WAR WITH ISRAEL
• SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS
• Chapter 9 - South Africa
• GEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION
• DUTCH AND BRITISH COLONIZATION
• THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA
• THE APARTHEID STATE
• CHANGES IN THE APARTHEID SYSTEM
• OPPOSITION TO APARTHEID
• COUNTERINSURGENCY STRATEGIES OF THE REGIME IN THE 1980S
• REFORMING APARTHEID
• THE DISMANTLING OF APARTHEID
• SOUTH AFRICA AFTER APARTHEID
• SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS
• Chapter 10 - Revolution Through Democracy
• REVOLUTION TO DEMOCRACY
• REVOLUTION THROUGH DEMOCRACY: THE VENEZUELAN EXCEPTION
• REVOLUTION THROUGH DEMOCRACY: BOLIVIA
• ELECTIONS IN OTHER NATIONS
• SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS
• Chapter 11 - Conclusions
• SOME COMPARISONS AMONG THE CASE STUDIES
• INADEQUACIES IN THE THEORIES OF REVOLUTION
• REVOLUTIONS OF THE FUTURE?
• PURCHASE AND RENTAL SOURCES
• ABOUT THE BOOK AND AUTHOR