Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care is a three volume set which addresses the needs of all those concerned with diet and nutrition in the critically ill and covers General Aspects, Enteral Aspects, and Parenteral Aspects. Each volume is stand alone and is further divided into separate sections.

Table of Contents

• Preface
• Organization of the Book
• List of Contributors
• Part I General Aspects: General Conditions in the Severely Ill
• 1 Hemodynamic Monitoring in Critical Care - Laurence Busse, Danielle Davison, Lakhmir Chawla and Priscilla Jang
• 2 Acid-Base Balance in Context of Critical Care - Phil Ayers, Carman Dixon, Andrew Mays and D. Timothy Cannon
• 3 Liver Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients - Jennifer M. Newton, Andrew Aronsohn and Donald M. Jensen
• 4 Nutrition and Acute Lung Injury in Critical Care:​ Focus on Nutrition Care Process - Corrine Hanson, Eric P. A. Rutten, Christina Rollins and Stephanie Dobak
• 5 Eicosanoid Synthesis and Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Intensive Medicine - Abelardo Garcia-de-Lorenzo y Mateos, Juan Carlos Montejo González and Manuel Quintana Diaz
• 6 Muscle Weakness, Molecular Mechanism and Nutrition During Critical Illness - Ilse Vanhorebeek
• 7 Thyroid Function in Critical Illness - Foteini Economidou, Evangelia Douka, Marinella Tzanela, Stylianos Orfanos and Anastasia Kotanidou
• 8 Obese Patient in Intensive Care Unit - Antonia Koutsoukou, Magdalini Kyriakopoulou, Anastasia Kotanidou and Fotini Ekonomidou
• 9 Adipose Tissue and Endocrine Function in Critical Care - Mirna Marques and Lies Langouche
• 10 Extent and Nature of Infectious Diseases in Critical Care - Steven J. Martin and Celeste A. Sejnowski
• 11 Critically Ill Patients and Circulating Amino-Terminal Pro-C-Type Natriuretic Peptide - Alexander Koch and Frank Tacke
• 12 Enteral and Parenteral Feeding and Monocyte Gene Expression in Critically Ill Patients - Dena Arumugam, Stephen C. Gale and Steve E. Calvano
• 13 Immunonutrition in Intensive Care - Arved Weimann and Dominique Ludwig
• 14 Critical Nutrition in Stroke - Mandy L. Corrigan and Arlene A. Escuro
• 15 Perioperative Immunonutrition in Major Abdominal Surgery - Martin Hübner, Yannick Cerantola, Markus Schäfer and Nicolas Demartines
• 16 Glutamine Supplementation in Multiple Trauma of Critical Care - Ruqaiya M. Al Balushi, Jennifer D. Paratz, Jeremy Cohen and Merrilyn Banks
• 17 Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles in Septic Shock - Sylvie Caspar-Bauguil and Michelle Genestal
• 18 Constipation in Intensive Care - Tatiana de Souza Lopes Guerra, Norma Guimarães Marshall and Simone Sotero Mendonça
• 19 Educational, Recording and Organizational Interventions Regarding Critical Care Nutritional Support - Andrés Luciano Nicolas Martinuzzi, Sergio Santana Porben, Eduardo Ferraresi, Víctor Hugo Borrajo and Victor R. Preedy
• Part II General Aspects: Screening, Assessments, Requirements, and Protocols
• 20 Extent and Impact of Malnutrition in Critically Ill Patients - Lisa L. Kirkland
• 21 Nutrition Status and Length of Hospital Stay - Vania Aparecida Leandro-Merhi, José Luiz Braga de Aquino and Maria Rita Marques de Oliveira
• 22 Nutritional Screening Tools in Critical Care - Fawaz Alzaid, Rajkumar Rajendram, Vinood B. Patel and Victor R. Preedy
• 23 Nutritional Screening and Assessment Tools for Cardiac Surgery and ICU - Sergey Efremov and Vladimir Lomivorotov
• 24 Pediatric ICU and Nutritional Assessments - Rubens Feferbaum and Patrícia Zamberlan
• 25 Diagnosis and Prevalence of Iron Deficiency in the Critically Ill - Sigismond Lasocki, Thomas Gaillard and Emmanuel Rineau
• 26 Metabolic Rate in Older Critically Ill Patient - David C. Frankenfield
• 27 Bioenergetic Gain of Citrate-Anticoagulated Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy - M. Balik and M. Zakharchenko
• 28 Protein Intake in Critically Ill Adults - Suzie Ferrie and Samantha Rand
• 29 Nutrition in Critically Ill and Injured Patients:​ Focus on Pathophysiology, Initiation, Choice, Energy Requirements and Complications - Rifat Latifi and Ibrahim Afifi
• 30 Critical Illness and Intestinal Microflora:​ pH as a Surrogate Marker - Irma Fleming, Jennifer Defazio, Olga Zaborina and John C. Alverdy
• 31 Perioperative Malnutrition:​ Focus on Scheduled Surgery Performed in Adult Patients - Robert Cohendy
• 32 Top Ten Quality Indicators for Nutritional Therapy - Cristiane Comeron Gimenez Verotti, Guilherme Duprat Ceniccola and Rajkumar Rajendram
• 33 Micronutrient Function, Status and Disposition in Critical Illness - Joseph I. Boullata
• 34 Micronutrient Supplementation for Critically Ill Adults:​ Practical Application - Janicke Visser and Renée Blaauw
• 35 Magnesium and Cardiac Surgery in the Critical Care Setting - Maria L. Carrio, Juan Carlos Lopez-Delgado, Casimiro Javierre, Herminia Torrado, Elisabet Farrero, David Rodríguez-Castro and Josep L. Ventura
• 36 Vasoactive Substances and Nutrition in Critical Care - John M. Allen
• 37 Nutritional Supplements for Critically Ill Patients:​ Efficient Tools to Improve Wound Healing - Sabine Ellinger
• 38 Importance of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Critical Care - Nakamichi Watanabe
• 39 Transition from Parenteral to Enteral Nutrition in Intensive Care Unit - Carmel O'Hanlon, Nicola Dervan, Julie Dowsett and Clare Corish
• 40 Controlling Oxidative Stress as a Potential Tool for Perioperative Management to Reduce Morbidity After Surgical Trauma - Satoshi Aiko
• 41 Intermittent and Bolus Methods of Feeding in Critical Care - Satomi Ichimaru and Teruyoshi Amagai
• 42 Oral Feeding, Dysphagia and Aspiration in Tracheostomized Patients - Edward A. Bittner and Ulrich Schmidt
• Part III General Aspects: Nutritional Aspects in Specific Conditions and Scenarios
• 43 Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition in Cancer Patients:​ An Overview - Avani Changela, Evangelia Davanos and Hemangkumar Javaiya
• 44 Feeding Routes After Pancreatoduodene​ctomy - Arja Gerritsen, I. Quintus Molenaar, A. Roos W. Wennink, Elles Steenhagen, Elisabeth M. H. Mathus-Vliegen, Dirk J. Gouma and H. Marc G. Besselink
• 45 Nutritional Support in Adult Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Following Myeloablative Conditioning - Nicolas Danel Buhl and David Seguy
• 46 Probiotics Prophylaxis of Nosocomial Pneumonia in Critically Ill Patients - Kai-xiong Liu, Jie-ming Qu, Jing Zhang and Qi-chang Lin
• 47 Nutrition in Abdominal Aortic Repair - Arthur R. H. van Zanten
• 48 Parenteral Nutrition and Cardiogenic Shock - Ronan Thibault and Karim Bendjelid
• 49 Diet and Nutrition in Orthopedics - Sotiria Everett, Rupali Joshi, Libi Galmer, Marci Goolsby and Joseph Lane
• 50 Critically Ill Patient on Renal Replacement Therapy:​ Nutritional Support by Enteral and Parenteral Routes - Alice Sabatino and Enrico Fiaccadori
• 51 Brain Trauma and Nutritional Support - Wolfgang A. Wetsch, Bernd W. Böttiger and Stephan A. Padosch
• 52 Severe Head Trauma and Omega-3 Fatty Acids - Michael D. Lewis
• 53 Parkinson's Disease, Nutrition and Surgery in Context of Critical Care - Jamie M. Sheard and Susan Ash
• 54 Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation and Nutritional Support Regimens - Jennifer A. Doley and Michelle Sandberg
• 55 Preoperative Nutrition in Elderly Patients and Postoperative Outcome - Julia van Wissen, Nathalie Bakker, Colin Heus and Alexander P. J. Houdijk
• 56 Nutrition and Critical Care in Very Elderly Stroke Patients - Hitoshi Obara, Natsuki Ito and Mamoru Doi
• Part IV General Aspects: Nutritional Aspects in the Young
• 57 Use of Probiotics in Preterm Neonates - Thomas Havranek, Mohamad Alhosni and Rita Chrivia
• 58 Feeding Intervals in Very Low Birth-Weight Infants in Intensive or Critical Care - Sara B. DeMauro and Megan M. Gray
• 59 Human Milk and Premature Infant:​ Focus on Use of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk in NICU - Mark A. Underwood and Jennifer A. Scoble
• 60 Human Milk Feedings in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit - Paula P. Meier, Aloka L. Patel, Harold R. Bigger, Yimin Chen, Tricia J. Johnson, Beverly Rossman and Janet L. Engstrom
• 61 Withdrawal of Artificial Nutrition and Hydration in Neonatal Critical Care - Constance Williams and Jonathan Hellmann
• 62 Low-Profile Balloon Gastrostomy Tubes for Nutritional Support in Children - Riad M. Rahhal
• 63 Nutritional and Surgical Management of Pediatric Intestinal Motility Disorders - Mikko P. Pakarinen, Laura Merras-Salmio and Annika Mutanen
• 64 Critical Ill Infants with Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease - Kim Psaila and Jann P. Foster
• 65 Nutrition Support for the Critically Ill Infant Post Cardiac Surgery - Bodil M. K. Larsen and Megan R. Beggs
• 66 Adequacy of Nutritional Support in Critically Ill Children with Acute Kidney Injury - Ursula G. Kyle, Ayse Akcan-Arikana, Renán A. Orellana and Jorge A. Coss-Bu
• Part V General Aspects: Specific Nutrients and Components
• 67 Specific Considerations Relevant to Critical Illness - Karin Amrein, Christian Schnedl, Dima Youssef, Alan N. Peiris and Harald Dobnig
• 68 Dietary and Nutritional Aspects of Zinc in Critically Ill Adult Patients - Beth Besecker
• 69 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cytokines:​ Their Relationship in Acute Lung Injury - Paolo Cotogni, Antonella Trombetta, Giuliana Muzio, Maria Felice Brizzi and Rosa Angela Canuto
• 70 Sodium Loading in Critical Care - Shailesh Bihari and Andrew D. Bersten
• 71 Thiamine (Vitamin B1) Deficiency in Intensive Care:​ Physiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment - Heitor Pons Leite and Lúcio Flávio Peixoto de Lima
• 72 Vitamin B12 and Mortality in Critically Ill - Sigal Sviri, Ayman Abu Rmeileh, Marc Romain, David Michael Linton, Ilana Stav and Peter Vernon van Heerden
• 73 Vitamin C, Extremity Trauma and Surgery - Naohiro Shibuya, Monica R. Agarwal and Daniel C. Jupiter
• 74 Intensive Care and Vitamin D Status - Dima Youssef, Karin Amrein, Christian Schnedl, Harald Dobnig and Alan N. Peiris
• 75 Over the Counter Nutritional Supplements:​ Implications for Critically Ill Patients - Philip Gregory, Darren Hein, Mark Malesker and Lee E. Morrow
• 76 Probiotic Agents in Critically Ill Patients - Lee E. Morrow, Albert Naveed and Mark A. Malesker
• 77 Perioperative Probiotics - Greta L. Piper and Adrian A. Maung
• Part VI General Aspects: Adverse Aspects, Outcomes, and Considerations
• 78 Intestinal Dysmotility of Critical Illness - David C. Evans and Robert G. Martindale
• 79 Calorie and Protein Deficit in the ICU - Anne Coltman, Sarah Peterson and Diane Sowa
• 80 Etiology and Complications of Refeeding Syndrome in the ICU - José Joaquín Alfaro Martínez, Isabel Huguet Moreno, Francisco Botella Romero and Antonio Hernández López
• 81 Overview of Nutritional Deficiencies After Bariatric Surgery - Farzin Rashti, Ekta Gupta, Timothy R. Shope and Timothy R. Koch
• 82 Bioethical and Medico-legal Implications of Withdrawing Artificial Nutrition and Hydration from Adults in Critical Care - Carlo Moreschi and Ugo Da Broi
• Part VII General Aspects: Preclinical Studies
• 83 Amniotic Fluid and Colostrum as Potential Diets in the Critical Care of Preterm Infants - Ann Cathrine Findal Støy, Mette Viberg Østergaard and Per Torp Sangild
• 84 Zinc Supplementation in Murine Sepsis - Matthew N. Alder and Hector R. Wong
• 85 Hydroxymethylbut​yrate and Eicosapentaenoic​ Acid:​ Preclinical Studies to Improve Muscle Function in Critical Care Medicine - Gerald S. Supinski and Leigh A. Callahan
• 86 Arginine in Critical Care:​ Preclinical Aspects - Juan B. Ochoa Gautier
• 87 Effects of Nutrition on Neutrophil Function in Preclinical Studies - Keisuke Kohama, Joji Kotani and Atsunori Nakao
• 88 Anemia of the Critically Ill Patient:​ Pathophysiology, Lessons from Animal Models - Emmanuel Rineau, Thomas Gaillard and Sigismond Lasocki
• Part VIII General Aspects: Electronic and Published Resources
• 89 Expanding the Knowledge Base in Diet, Nutrition and Critical Care:​ Electronic and Published Resources - Fawaz Alzaid, Rajkumar Rajendram, Vinood B. Patel and Victor R. Preedy
• Part IX Enteral Aspects: General Information, Overviews, and Methods
• 90 Commercial Enteral Formulas and Nutritional Support Team - Consuelo Carmen Pedrón-Giner, Victor Manuel Navas-López, Cecilia Martínez-Costa and Ana Martínez-Zazo
• 91 Blood Glucose Control:​ Strategy for Treatment of Hyperglycemia in Patients Receiving Enteral Nutrition - Fiorenzo Cortinovis, Sara Cassibba and Ottavia Colombo
• 92 Calorimetry for Enteral Feeding in Critically Ill Patients - Rakesh Garg and Indubala Maurya
• 93 Colorimetric Capnometry and Feeding Tube Placement - Jean-Rémi Lavillegrand, Georges Offenstadt, Eric Maury, Bertrand Guidet and Arnaud Galbois
• 94 Home Enteral Nutrition - Lilianne Gómez López, Consuelo Carmen Pedrón-Giner, Cecilia Martínez-Costa and Caterina Calderón Garrido
• 95 Incretin Effects and Enteral Feed Transitions - Ummu Kulthum Jamaludin, Paul Docherty and Jean Charles Preiser
• 96 Enteral Nutrition and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in Intensive Care Unit Patients - Okan Bakiner and M. Eda Ertorer
• 97 Intestinal Absorption and Enteral Nutrition Support During Critical Illness - Dep Huynh and Nam Q. Nguyen
• 98 Intestinal Transit Time, Video Capsule Technology, and Critically Ill Patients - Stefan Rauch and Matthias Fischer
• 99 Prokinetic Agents with Enteral Nutrition - Ron R. Neyens, Melissa L. Hill, Michelle R. Huber and Julio A. Chalela
• 100 Mortality in Intensive Care and the Role of Enteral Nutrition in Trauma Patients - Gordon S. Doig, Fiona Simpson and Philippa T. Heighes
• 101 Critical Care Setting of Bedside Positioning of Electromagnetica​lly Guided Nasointestinal Tubes - Magnus F. Kaffarnik and Johan F. Lock
• 102 Bedside Placement of Nasoenteric Feeding Tubes Using Fluoroscopic Guidance by Trained Mid-level Practitioners - Richard G. Barton, Tricia B. Hauschild, Katy Y. Fu, Mary C. Mone, Edward J. Kimball and Raminder Nirula
• 103 Radiologic Percutaneous Gastrostomy for Enteral Access in Patients Requiring Long-Term Nutritional Support - Diego A. Covarrubias, Gabriel M. Covarrubias and Jessica M. Ho
• 104 Use of pH Cutoff Level for Enteral Nutrition - Heather Gilbertson
• 105 Initiating Safe Oral Feeding in Critical Care - Steven B. Leder, Debra M. Suiter and Lewis J. Kaplan
• 106 Aid to Enteral Feeding in Critical Care:​ Algorithm - Anneli Reeves, Caroline Kiss, Hayden White, Kellie Sosnowski and Christine Josephson
• 107 Enteral Decision Tree in Critical Illness - Jean-Charles Preiser and Mathieu De Ryckere
• Part X Enteral Aspects: Specific Nutrients and Formulations
• 108 Inadequate Vitamin B-6 Status in Critical Care - Yi-Chia Huang and Chien-Hsiang Cheng
• 109 Protein-Enriched Enteral Nutrition in Childhood Critical Illness - Javier Urbano, Sarah N. Fernández and Jesús López-Herce
• 110 Enteral Support and N-3 Fatty Acids in Critically Ill Elderly Patients - Karina V. Barros, Ana Paula Cassulino and Vera Lúcia Flor Silveira
• 111 Viscosity Thickened Enteral Formula - Satomi Ichimaru and Teruyoshi Amagai
• Part XI Enteral Aspects: Specific Conditions
• 112 Enteral Feeding and Infections in Preterm Neonates - Gianluca Terrin, Maria Giulia Conti and Antonella Scipione
• 113 Enteral Nutrition, Critically Ill Children, and Lung Injury - Rupal T. Bhakta and Brian R. Jacobs
• 114 Short Bowel Syndrome in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Enteral Feeding - Sachin C. Amin, Sabrina Livshin and Akhil Maheshwari
• 115 Enteral Nutrition in Open Abdomen After Injury - Clay Cothren Burlew
• 116 Enteral Nutrition Support in Burns - Abdikarim Abdullahi and Marc G. Jeschke
• 117 Nutritional Rehabilitation in Severe and Critical Anorexia Nervosa:​ Role of Enteral Nutrition - Gabriella Maria Gentile
• 118 Obese Patients in Critical Care:​ Nutritional Support Through Enteral and Parenteral Routes - Magdalini Kyriakopoulou, Stavrina Avgeropoulou, Anastasia Kotanidou, Foteini Economidou and Antonia Koutsoukou
• 119 Influence of Postoperative Enteral Nutrition on Cellular Immunity:​ Investigative Procedures, Tests and Analysis - Mette Platz, Anja Poulsen and Randi Beier-Holgersen
• 120 Enteral Nutrition in Neurological Patients - Francisco Botella-Romero, Antonio Hernández-López, José Joaquín Alfaro-Martínez, Marta Gómez-Garrido and Cristina Lamas-Oliveira
• 121 Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) in Elderly:​ Medical Indications, Ethical Limits - Christian Löser
• 122 Early Enteral Nutrition in Postoperative Cardiac Surgery Patients with Severe Hemodynamic Failure and Venoarterial (VA) Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) - Luis Daniel Umezawa Makikado, José Luis Flordelís Lasierra, José Luis Pérez-Vela and Juan Carlos Montejo González
• Part XII Enteral Aspects: Adverse Aspects and Outcomes
• 123 Mechanical Complications of Nasoenteric Tubes - Christian Jones, Stanislaw P. A. Stawicki and David C. Evans
• 124 Clogs and Clots in Enteral Tubes:​ Prevention and Treatment - Michelle R. Huber, Vincent R. Vernacchio, Ron R. Neyens and Julio A. Chalela
• 125 Managing Diarrhea During Enteral Feeding in ICU - Suzie Ferrie
• Part XIII Enteral Aspects: Parenteral and Enteral Support
• 126 Tight Calorie Control Study (TICACOS) in Critically Ill Patients on both Enteral and Parenteral Support - Pierre Singer and Jonathan Cohen
• 127 Enteral and Parenteral Feeding and Orexigenic Peptides - Przemyslaw J. Tomasik and Krystyna Sztefko
• 128 Children with Intestinal Failure and Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition - Kathleen M. Gura
• 129 Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition with Omega-3 Fatty Acids - Julie Martin and Renee D. Stapleton
• Part XIV Enteral Aspects: Preclinical Studies
• 130 Nutritional Modulation of Immune Response via Vagus Nerve:​ Preclinical Studies and Future Perspectives - Jacco J. de Haan, Tim Lubbers, Misha D. Luyer and Wim A. Buurman
• 131 Enteral Diets and Parenteral Feedings with Different n-6/​n-3 Ratios in Rats and Mice - Nakamichi Watanabe
• 132 Enteral Supplementation of Palm Vitamin E and Alpha-Tocopherol:​ Pre-clinical Aspects - Mohd Fahami Nur Azlina, Haji Mohd Saad Qodriyah and Yusof Kamisah
• Part XV Parenteral Aspects: General Information, Overviews, and Methods
• 133 Commercial Parenteral Formulas and Nutrition Support Team - Margarita Cuervas-Mons Vendrell, del Río MªTeresa Pozas and Consuelo Pedrón-Giner
• 134 Energy Balance in the Intensive Care Unit - Enid E. Martinez and Nilesh M. Mehta
• 135 Use of Ethanol Lock Therapy for Children with Intestinal Failure on Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition - Hannah G. Piper and Paul W. Wales
• 136 Home Parenteral Care - Abdullah Shatnawei, Shishira Bharadwaj, Denise Konrad, Sandra Austhof and Ronelle Mitchell
• Part XVI Parenteral Aspects: Specific Nutrients and Formulations
• 137 Parenteral Soybean Oil Lipid Emulsion in Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) in Intensive Care - Hiromichi Shoji and Toshiaki Shimizu
• 138 Calcium and Phosphorus Intake by Parenteral Nutrition in Preterm Infants - Luis Pereira-da-Silva, Israel Macedo, Maria Luísa Rosa and Kayla M. Bridges
• 139 l -Alanyl- l -glutamine Dipeptide-Supplemented Total Parenteral Nutrition - José Luis Flordelís Lasierra and Teodoro Grau Carmona
• 140 Glutamine-Enriched Total Parenteral Nutrition and Glutamine Supplementation in Gastrointestinal​ Cancer Patients - Cheng-Jen Ma and Jaw-Yuan Wang
• 141 Vitamins During Cycles of Intermittent Parenteral Nutrition - Selma Freire C. Cunha, José Henrique da Silvah, Cristiane Maria Mártires de Lima and Júlio Sérgio Marchini
• 142 Vitamin E in Parenteral Lipid Emulsions - Alaadin Alayoubi, Ahmed Abu-Fayyad and Sami Nazzal
• 143 Vitamin K and Parenteral Nutrition - Rezvaneh Azad-armaki and Johane P. Allard
• 144 Amino Acid Composition in Parenteral Nutrition - Kursat Gundogan and Thomas R. Ziegler
• Part XVII Parenteral Aspects: Specific Conditions
• 145 Parenteral Nutrition in Advanced Cancer - Edward M. Copeland III
• 146 Use of Teduglutide to Reduce Parenteral Support in Short Bowel Syndrome - Palle Bekker Jeppesen
• 147 Intestinal Failure and Parenteral Omega-3 Fatty Acid Lipid Emulsions - Justine M. Turner and Paul W. Wales
• 148 Glutamine Parenteral Nutrition in Pneumonia - Meltem Türkay, Aslıhan Tug, Sıtkı Nadir Sinikoglu, Yakup Tomak, Mehmet Salih Sevdi, Serdar Demirgan and Aysin Alagol
• 149 Parenteral Amino Acid Strategies for Nutritional Optimization in Low Birth Weight Infants - Cynthia L. Blanco and Julie C. Hisey
• 150 Parenteral Amino Acids in Preterm Infant and Impact on Bone Growth - Martina Betto, Paola Gaio, Giorgia Rizzi and Giovanna Verlato
• Part XVIII Parenteral Aspects: Adverse Aspects and Outcomes
• 151 Parenteral Nutrition and Hypersensitivity​ Reaction - Corentin Babakissa, Chantal Lemire and Stephane Larin
• 152 Catheter-Related Infections in Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition in Intensive Care Unit - A. Vivanco-Allende, C. Rey, A. Concha and A. Medina
• 153 Manganese Intoxication and Encephalopathy - Charles M. Andrews, Christine M. Martin and Julio A. Chalela
• 154 Light-Exposed Parenteral Nutrition Solutions and Implications for Preterm Infants - Shereen Mosa and Nehad Nasef
• 155 Shortages of Parenteral Nutrition Components:​ Relevance to Critical Care - Corrine Hanson, Melissa Thoene, Julie Wagner and Ann Anderson-Berry
• 156 Aluminum in Subjects Receiving Parenteral Nutrition - Denise Bohrer
• 157 Hyperammonemia as an Adverse Effect in Parenteral Nutrition - Joe V. M. Devasahayam, Santhosh G. John, Seth Assar, Zeenat Y. Bhat, Aparna N. Kurup, Suresh Hosuru, Valentina Joseph and Unnikrishnan Pillai
• 158 Hypoglycemia with Insulin and Parenteral Nutrition - Kelly Kinnare
• 159 Thrombosis, Central Venous Lines and Parenteral Nutrition in Pediatric Intensive Care - Ana Vivanco-Allende, Corsino Rey, Alberto Medina and Andres Concha
• Part XIX Parenteral Aspects: Enteral and Parenteral Support
• 160 Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition in Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula - Stanislaw Klek
• Part XX Parenteral Aspects: Preclinical Studies
• 161 Parenteral Nutrition, Critical Illness, Paneth Cell Function and the Innate Immune Response - Xinying Wang, Joseph F. Pierre and Kenneth A. Kudsk
• 162 Parenteral Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Omegaven) and Intestinal Recovery - Sukhotnik Igor